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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Power law'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 September 2023

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1

Sempill, Julian Andrei. "Making law about power." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5ffd843-dbad-44c5-b963-bca59da66f6a.

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During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the inhabitants of some parts of Europe and the North American colonies were confronted with proto-state institutional arrangements. In certain cases, they responded ambivalently. That ambivalence is at the heart of what I will call the 'limited government tradition'. The tradition's adherents thought that long historical experience, not to mention the events of their own times, provided ample evidence of the corrupting effects of power on those who wield it. Power-holders, left to their own devices, are likely to succumb to the temptations of power by exercising it arbitrarily. Where they are able to do so comprehensively and systematically, the upshot is tyranny. How, then, to ensure that state power is constituted in a manner that is inhospitable to tyranny? The tradition envisaged a range of measures, including a distinctive vision of 'the Rule of Law'. The Rule of Law would both define and enforce certain limits on state power. This study argues that the tradition's hostility to political absolutism is based on moral foundations which apply with equal force to economic power. The tradition ought to examine the modern constitution of economic power to determine whether it is hospitable to arbitrariness and tyranny. If such an examination is undertaken, we learn that modern economic power poses the kind of moral dangers that the tradition's Rule of Law project is designed to combat. However, the tradition assumes that it need not treat economic power as even a potential target of the Rule of Law. I will call that assumption the 'Consensus'. This study's first major aim is to explain the origins and stubbornness of the Consensus. Its second major aim is to persuade readers that the Consensus is mistaken: the tradition must regard economic power as, at least, a potential target of the Rule of Law.
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2

Zhang, Jiaxin. "Power-law Graph Cuts." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1418749967.

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3

ZARANDI, Zinat. "Motor equivalence in Two-third power law." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2496816.

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The observation that different effectors can execute the same movement suggests functional equivalences and abstract representation of action in the CNS. A common motor invariant is the coupling between speed and curvature of limb movements (the 2/3 power law), which is resilient to different sensorimotor contexts. Accordingly, this broad concept proposed a unique and universal internal model which is consistent for all different conditions and it considers same neural representation for all individual behaviors, while based on recent research there are important cognitive, neural, and behavioral variabilities among individuals due to differences in the developmental stage, training or pathologies, etc. Studies showed that studying subjective values is important as they inform us about the decision process in adopting a motor strategy. When subjects face multiple choices, due to the large extrinsic (the lack of visible salient target to reach) and intrinsic (the whole body multi-joint system) redundancy, we can extract different but consistent motor behaviors which define motor style. In order to study these differences, our purpose in this study is to verify the consistency of movement features during a drawing task performed with either hand, by different subjects, and in a pathological population. In the first step, we tested the effect of manual dominance and movement speed on motor performance consisting of an elliptical drawing task. We hypothesize that movement parameters extracted from the task can be categorized either as global and abstract representations within the CNS that are limb-independent or specific limb-dependent representations. Accordingly, the results indicate that the kinematics parameters are differently affected when drawing at different peeds with the non-dominant compared to the dominant hand. Movement duration, velocity-curvature covariation, and maximum velocity were not significantly affected by the hand used, while geometrical features were strongly limb-dependent. However, intra-trial analysis performed over the successive drawing movements reveals a significant effect of the hand side on the variability of the velocity-curvature relationship and maximum velocity. The effects of end-effectors on the movement components suggest differentiated neural strategies, according to a pattern that does not go from the most abstract component to the less abstract, as implied by the idea of hierarchical organization of motor control. In the following analysis, we aim to investigate the existence of an IMS or different motor styles according to the limb-dependency strategies we found in the first step. The results revealed a new aspect of behaviors that would extend our perspective on the previous results. Notably, examining the subject separately some showed a higher difference in the non-dominant relative to the dominant hand for various parameters such as duration which was categorized as an abstract motor component. This finding showed that a drawing task led the subjects to adopt different strategies according to controlling end-effector dependent (spatial) and abstract parameters (temporal) of movement, suggesting the existence of idiosyncratic strategies influencing motor planning due to a clear spatial-temporal trade-off. Finally, we aimed to compare the motor components of drawing movement between dyslexic and healthy children. Dyslexia is distinguished by specific problems dealing with learning to read accurately, which has been generally explained in terms of phonological deficits that are accompanied by sensorimotor deficits. Compared to healthy children, temporal representation and timing organization of children with dyslexia were characterized respectively by increased movement duration and higher asymmetry. Their geometrical features were distinguished by a circular shape, and smaller ellipse size when producing an elliptical movement.
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4

Byers, Michael. "Custom, power and the power of rules international relations and customary international law /." Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://www.ebrary.com/.

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5

Costa, Fernando Manuel Alves Mendonça Pinto da. "Entre o Poder e a Lei. As Constituições Portuguesas de 1933 e 1976." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21613.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciência Política
O poder é um conceito central em Ciência Política. A sua relação com a lei, nomeadamente com a lei máxima, a constituição, é muito próxima. Não é por acaso que, durante muito tempo, Ciência Política, Direito Constitucional e Direito Político se confundiam. Se alguns autores vêem as constituições como o “estatuto do político”, o importante é entender que elas são construídas por poderes presentes em determinado momento histórico-social-político. Será fundamental percorrer os caminhos que nos levam do poder para a lei, indicando-se a feitura das duas últimas constituições portuguesas, como trilho dessa descoberta. Parte-se do tripé conceitos-contextos-ideias e assim, coletando os conceitos de diversos investigadores e ideias chave, como poder, lei, constituição e outras, é fulcral uma contextualização dos “momentos constitucionais” de um ponto de vista social, geopolítico, económico e, evidentemente, histórico. Apetrechados dos conceitos e enquadrados pelos contextos, chegamos às ideias, que nos podem permitir entender o percurso do poder para a lei e, talvez, desenhar novos conceitos que ilustrem melhor este caminho. Se as constituições manifestam no seu articulado, os poderes presentes na sociedade, elas não o fazem de uma forma direta mas através de um processo bastante complexo. As ideias congeminam os poderes e digladiam-se para se afirmarem, mas as vencedoras são já o resultado como que de uma miscigenação, que irá produzir a lei. É assim que poderemos afirmar que a lei não resulta apenas do poder dominante, mas é decorrente de um cadinho de ideias, vencedoras, vencidas e ainda em maturação. Todos os poderes influenciam a formulação das constituições, leis máximas das sociedades, muitas vezes para além da vontade dos seus redatores. As constituições não constituem uma sociedade, mas, de alguma forma, relatam-na explícita e implicitamente, pela tradução dos diversos poderes.
Power is a central concept in Political Science. Its relationship with the law, namely with the maximum law, the constitution, is very close. It is not by chance that, for a long time, Political Science, Constitutional Right and Political Right were confused. If some authors see constitutions as the “statute of the politician», what is important to understand is that they are built by existing powers in a certain historical-social-political moment. It will be fundamental to walk the paths that lead us from power to the law, pointing the execution of the last two Portuguese constitutions, as a trail of this discovery. Starting with the tripod: concepts-contexts-ideas, collecting the concepts of several researchers, and key ideas such as power, law, constitution, and others, it is crucial to contextualize the “constitutional moments” from a social, geopolitical, economic and, of course, historical point of view. Equipped with concepts and framed by contexts, we come to ideas, which can allow us to understand the path of the power to the law and, perhaps, design new concepts that better illustrate this path. If the constitutions manifest in their articles, the existing powers in society, it is not done in a simple way but through a very complex process. The ideas combine the powers and fight each other to assert themselves, but the winners are already the result of a miscegenation that will produce the law. That is how we can affirm that the law is not just the result of dominant power but is the result of a melting pot of ideas: winning ones, losing others and, still in maturation others. All powers influence the formulation of constitutions, the maximum laws of societies, often beyond the will of their editors. Constitutions do not constitute a society but, somehow, they report it explicitly and implicitly, through the translation of the different powers.
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6

Dewald, Andrew S. "Semi-Classical Analysis of One-Dimensional Power- Plus Inverse-Power-Law Potentials." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461689832.

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7

Pacces, Alessio Maria. "Featuring control power : corporate law and economics revisited /." Rotterdam : Erasmus Universiteit, 2008. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00217932.pdf.

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8

Marcuzzi, Suzanne Maria. "Sir John Fortescue on law and regal power." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609784.

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9

Weinstein, Lee. "Scale free networks and their power law distribution." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3880.

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10

Chamberlain, Lauren. "The Power Law Distribution of Agricultural Land Size." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7400.

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This paper demonstrates that the distribution of county level agricultural land size in the United States is best described by a power-law distribution, a distribution that displays extremely heavy tails. This indicates that the majority of farmland exists in the upper tail. Our analysis indicates that the top 5% of agricultural counties account for about 25% of agricultural land between 1997-2012. The power-law distribution of farm size has important implications for the design of more efficient regional and national agricultural policies as counties close to the mean account for little of the cumulative distribution of total agricultural land. This has consequences for more efficient management and government oversight as a disruption in one of the counties containing a large amount of farmland (due to natural disasters, for instance) could have nationwide consequences for agricultural production and prices. In particular, the policy makers and government agencies can monitor about 25% of total agricultural land by overseeing just 5% of counties.
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11

Saslaw, Alexandra R. "One People, One Nation, One Power? Re-Evaluating the Role of the Federal Plenary Power in Immigration." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/425.

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This thesis begins with a historical analysis of the legal precedent which has granted the federal government exceptional power over immigration legislation, and demonstrates how that authority has expanded in the last half-century. It then proposes an alternative scheme which would embrace immigration federalism and allow states a larger, but still closely regulated, role in legislation over aliens.
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12

Ma, Ho I. "Accelerated simulation of power-law traffic in packet networks." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407630.

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13

Sato, Takanori. "Power-law creep behaviour in magnesium and its alloys." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1576.

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Creep is a time-dependent deformation of materials under stress at elevated temperatures. The phenomenon of creep allows materials to plastically deform gradually over time, even at stress levels below its yield point or below its transformation temperature. The issues involving creep are especially significant for magnesium alloys, since they are susceptible to creep deformation from temperatures as low as 100 ºC, which inhibits their potential application in areas such as automotive engines. The University of Canterbury has developed a significant level of experience and infrastructure in the field of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). EBSD allows microstructures to be characterized by imaging the crystal structure and its crystallographic orientation at a given point on a specimen surface, whereby the process can be automated to construct a crystallographic “orientation map” of a specimen surface. In light of this, the creep of magnesium and its alloys was studied using a novel technique, in which a conventional tensile creep test was interrupted at periodic intervals, and the EBSD was used to acquire the crystallographic orientation maps repeatedly on a same surface location at each interruption stages. This technique allows simultaneous measurement of the rate of creep deformation and the evolution of the specimen microstructure at various stages of creep, bringing further insight into the deformation mechanisms involved. This thesis summarizes the study of the microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution during creep of pure magnesium and a creep resistant magnesium alloy Mg- 8.5Al-1Ca-0.3Sr. Pure magnesium exhibit a conventional “power-law” type creep, and although its creep properties are well established in the past literatures, there has been little in terms of reconciliation between the observed creep rates and the underlying deformation mechanisms. The alloy Mg-8.5Al-1Ca-0.3Sr, on the other hand, is a modern die casting alloy used in the automotive industry for engine and gearbox applications, and despite its superior creep resistance, little is known about the microstructural contributions to its creep properties. This research was conducted to provide a link between the creep properties, observed microstructures, and theories of creep deformation by the use of advanced microscopy techniques. For the first time, the detailed, sequential microstructural development of magnesium and its alloys during creep has been revealed.
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14

Humphreys, Michael Thomas George. "Law, power and imperial ideology in the Iconoclast era." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610325.

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15

Kardon, Isaac Benjamin. "Rising power, creeping jurisdiction| china's law of the sea." Thesis, Cornell University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10253226.

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This study explores the relationship between the People?s Republic of China (PRC) and the international legal system, with empirical focus on the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) regime as codified in the 1982 Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The main pattern explained is China?s practice of international law in its maritime disputes, moving beyond a question of ?compliance? with the relevant rules to instead address how China shapes the underlying legal norms, and vice versa. The analysis demonstrates that the EEZ regime transforms Chinese interests in maritime space, enabling systematic use of legal means of excluding others from disputed space along China?s maritime periphery. Backed up by growing capacity (i.e., ?rising power?) to enforce its claims, China?s purposive interpretation and flexible application of the norms of the EEZ regime manifest as ?creeping? claims to jurisdiction and rights beyond those contemplated in UNCLOS III. These nominally jurisdictional claims enable the PRC?s push toward closure, a broader strategic aim to control vital maritime space that includes political, military and economic components. Using a framework adapted from the transnational legal process theory of international law, the study proceeds to analyze Chinese practice in terms of four linked processes: interaction, interpretation, internalization, and implementation. Tracing these processes from China?s early encounters with Western international law, through its participation in the conference to draft the law of the sea convention, and the subsequent efforts to incorporate EEZ rules into PRC law and policy, the empirical analysis reveals that China?s engagement in transnational legal processes does not result in its obedience to liberal rules and norms. Rather, China?s practice in the EEZ transforms the scope and content of those underlying norms, contributing to wider dysfunction in the law of the sea.

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16

Amecke, Nicole, André Heber, and Frank Cichos. "Distortion of power law blinking with binning and thresholding." AIP Publishing, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21262.

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Fluorescence intermittency is a random switching between emitting (on) and non-emitting (off) periods found for many single chromophores such as semiconductor quantum dots and organic molecules. The statistics of the duration of on- and off-periods are commonly determined by thresholding the emission time trace of a single chromophore and appear to be power law distributed. Here we test with the help of simulations if the experimentally determined power law distributions can actually reflect the underlying statistics. We find that with the experimentally limited time resolution real power law statistics with exponents αon/off ≳ 1.6, especially if αon ≠ αoff would not be observed as such in the experimental data after binning and thresholding. Instead, a power law appearance could simply be obtained from the continuous distribution of intermediate intensity levels. This challenges much of the obtained data and the models describing the so-called power law blinking.
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17

Branam, Kelly Mae-Lane. "Constitution-making law, power, and kinship in Crow country /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3331356.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 24, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4383. Adviser: Raymond DeMallie.
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18

Oomen, Barbara. "Chiefs! : law, power and culture in contemporary South Africa /." Leiden, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410071059.

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19

Hawke, Jason Gary. ""Spiders' webs" : aristocratic power and written law in early Greece /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10469.

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20

Ardill, Allan. "Sociobiology and Law." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367727.

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The place of humans in nature and the nature of humans eludes us and yet there are those certain these issues can be reduced to biological explanations. Similarly, there are those rejecting the biological determinist hypothesis in favour of the equally unsubstantiated cultural construction hypothesis. This thesis draws on neo-Marxism and feminist intersectional post-positivist standpoint theory to posit biological and cultural determinism as privileged and flawed knowledge produced within relations of asymmetrical power. Instead “social construction” is preferred viewing knowledge of both nature and culture as partial and constructed within an historical, socioeconomic and political context according to asymmetrical power. Social constructionists prefer to question the role of power in the production of knowledge rather than asking questions about the place of humans in nature and the nature of humans; and trying to answer those questions through methods imbued with western, colonial, patriarchal, homophobic, and positivist ideals. As a starting point the postmodern view that knowledge is incomplete and has no ultimate authority is accepted. However, this thesis departs from postmodernism on the premise that knowledge is not all relative and can be critiqued by drawing on neo-Marxist and feminist intersectional post-positivist standpoint theory. Standpoint theory presumes a knowledge power nexus and contends accountable, ethical and responsible knowledge can be produced provided an “upwards perspective” is applied commencing with the standpoint of the most marginalised group within a given context. This approach to knowledge is applied to critically assess the role played by law in reproducing hierarchy and oppression in the categories of socioeconomic class, gender, sexuality and race to show that the law is sociobiological. My thesis is that human hierarchy and oppression are not natural or inevitable and are instead socially constructed through human action and institutions, including law. As social constructions, hierarchy and oppression must continually be justified as natural and inevitable otherwise they are vulnerable to change and destabilisation. It is argued here that a dominant justification for hierarchy and oppression is sociobiology because it naturalises and reifies human action and institutions as being determined by biology. As a legal justification sociobiology is defined as any discourse purporting to be based on “nature”, biological or evolutionary theories and “facts” to justify or reify hierarchy and domination. Unlike other ideologies, sociobiology is a dominant ideology because it is used to justify hierarchy and oppression in all the usual categories - class, gender, sexuality and race – and there is evidence of this in law. The argument is novel to the extent that sociobiology is not a dominant ideology in a conventional sense - as a cause of stratification - but in the sense that it is a dominant thematic excuse; whether or not those excuses are actually accepted. Nor is it posited as a dominant ideology in the sense that it is a top-down ideology imposed on, or duping subalterns. Rather, sociobiology is dominant because it can supply excuses for the naturalisation of human action in general and because it is more amenable to application by the powerful than the disempowered by virtue of that power. In western societies ideologies were once grounded in theology according to Christian decrees and beliefs. Since the Renaissance and the shift from feudalism to capitalism, ideologies have become more secular. A leading secular ideology is sociobiology being a collection of ideas closely linked to the antecedents of capitalism and continuing alongside it to the present day. Sociobiology is understood in this thesis in three overlapping ways. It includes modern sciences clustered around E.O. Wilson'’s famous 1975 essay Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. It is also a long historical tradition of scholarly theories about human nature and the place of humans in nature sharing the idea that human hierarchies on the basis of race, gender, sexuality and class are attributable variously to the work of God, nature, biology, and genes. Lastly it is an ideology. As an ideology, sociobiology is taken to be part of a long tradition of using the authority of privileged “knowledge” about nature to justify action and institutions that have the effect of creating and retaining hierarchy and oppression. This includes law.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
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21

Carter, E. J. "Flow of power law fluids with application to oil drilling." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/458.

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The thesis is concerned with a theoretical study of the flow behaviour of inelastic power law fluids in two different types of flow situation. These are: 1. The creeping motion of a sphere moving through an expanse of liquid. 2. The combined steady and oscillatory flow of a liquid through a straight tube of circular cross section. The first part of the work is devoted to the prediction of the drag correction factor for a sphere falling slowly through a bounded inelastic power law fluid. The analysis is carried out for the case when the outer spherical boundary has a finite or infinite radius. A perturbation technique is used to produce the resulting equations for a slightly power law fluid which are solved using the finite element method. An asymptotic expansion is used to provide an analytical far field solution for the infinite outer sphere case. The second part considers the combined steady and oscillatory flow of an inelastic power law liquid in a tube. The analysis is carried. out for the case when both the steady flow rate and the oscillatory flow rate are known. An expression for the pressure gradient reduction in the tube is then derived. The resulting partial differential equation is solved by finite difference techniques. An analytical solution for the pressure gradient is also obtained using a perturbation analysis for the case when the fluid inertial effects are small.
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22

Pehar, DrazÌŒen. "Language, power, law : groundwork for the theory of diplomatic ambiguity." Thesis, Keele University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423426.

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23

Bavasso, Antonio. "Communications in EU law : antitrust, market power and public interest." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249286.

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24

Chow, Jijun. "Power-law distributions in events involving nuclear and radiological materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55262.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 41).
Nuclear and radiological events are large-impact, hard-to-predict rare events, whose associated probability is exceedingly low. They can exert monumental impacts and lead to grave environmental and economic consequences. Identifying common trends of these events can help to assess the threat, and to combat it with better detection capabilities and practices. One way to achieve this is to model the events with established statistical and mathematical distributions. Power-law distribution is a good candidate because it is a probability distribution with asymptotic tails, and thus can be applied to study patterns of rare events of large deviations, such as those involving nuclear and radiological materials. This thesis, based on the hypothesis that nuclear and radiological events follow the power-law growth model, assembles published data of four categories of events - incidents of nuclear and radiological materials, incidents of radioactive attacks, unauthorized activities of illicit trafficking, and incidents of nuclear terrorism, and investigates whether specific distributions such as the power-law can be applied to analyze the data. Data are gathered from a number of sources. Even though data points are collected, the databases are far from complete, mainly due to the limited amount of public information that is available to the outside party, rendering the modeling task difficult and challenging. Furthermore, there may exist many undocumented instances, underscoring the fact that the reporting is an ongoing effort.
(cont.) To compile a comprehensive dataset for analytical purposes, a more efficient method of collecting data should be employed. This requires gathering information through various means, including different departmental or governmental domains that are available to the public as well as professional insight and support. In addition, to facilitate better management of nuclear and radiological events, technological capacities to track them need to be strengthened, and information sharing and coordination need to be enhanced not only on regional but also on national and international levels.
by Jijun Chow.
S.B.
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25

Saint-Jacques, Guillaume B. "Information technology and the rise of the power law economy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103212.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
We show that the dramatically increasing share of income going to top earners can be explained by the rise of the "power law economy" and argue this reflects increased digitization and networks. Specifically, tax data (1960-2008) show that a bigger share of individual incomes are drawn from a power law, as opposed to the long-established log-normal distribution. We present a simple theoretical model to argue that the increased role of power laws is consistent with the growth of information technology, because digitization and networks facilitate winner-take-most markets. We generate four testable hypotheses, and find they match the data. (1) Our model, incorporating power laws, fits the data better than any purely log-normal distribution, (2) the increase in the variance of the log-normal portion of the distribution has slowed, suggesting a slowing of skill-biased technical change, (3) more individuals now select into the power law economy, (4) there is more skewness within that economy.
by Guillaume B. Saint-Jacques.
S.M. in Management Research
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26

Liu, Jiyang Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "Stress and deformation in orogenic wedges with power-law rheology." Ottawa, 1996.

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27

Richardson, Mary Golden. "Power law process models for nonhomogeneous poisson process change-points /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9840029.

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28

Cole, Bankole Akinyemi. "Police power and accountability in the Nigerian criminal process." Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235569.

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Gast, Mikael [Verfasser]. "Approximability of Combinatorial Optimization Problems on Power Law Networks / Mikael Gast." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104527657X/34.

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30

Idris, Zakaria. "Modelling the flow of power-law fluids through anisotropic fibrous media." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0080.

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L'écoulement de fluide purement visqueux non- Newtoniens en milieux poreux anisotropes a été étudié en utilisant la méthode d'homogénéisation des structures périodiques. Ce processus prouve que le gradient macroscopique de pression est également une loi puissance du champ de vitesse. Les résultats expérimentale, théorique et numérique de l'écoulement d'un fluide visqueux incompressible en loi puissance au travers de milieux fibreux sont présentés. Pour déterminer la structure complète de la loi macroscopique d'écoulement, des simulations numériques sont effectuées sur le volume élémentaire représentatif de milieux poreux. Dans ce travail, ceci a été réalisé sur des microstructures simples. On constate que les modèles macroscopiques d'écoulement déjà proposés dans la littérature échouent de reproduire les données numériques. En conséquence, on a proposé une méthode pour construire la loi macroscopique d'écoulement en utilisant la théorie de représentation des fonctions tensorielles ainsi les surfaces d' iso-dissipation mécaniques macroscopiques déduites de l'écoulement du fluide
The flow of power-Iaw fluids through fibrous media at low-pore Reynolds number is investigated using the homogenization method for periodic structures with multiple scale expansions. This upscaling process shows that the macroscopic pressure gradient is also a power-Iaw of the volume averaged velo city field. Experimental, numerical and theoretical results are presented. To determine the complete structure of the macroscopic flow law, numerical simulations have to be performed on representative elementary volume of porous media. Ln this work, this has been achieved on 2D periodic arrays of paralle1 fibers with elliptical cross section of different aspect ratios. It is found that macroscopic flow models aIready proposed in the literature fail in reproducing numerical data within the whole volume fractions of fibers and aspect ratios ranges. Consequently, a novel methodology is proposed to establish the macroscopic tensorial seepage law within the framework of the theory of anisotropic tensor functions and using mechanical iso-dissipation curves
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Gray, John T., of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Business. "Organising modes of law firms." THESIS_FBT_XXX_Gray_J.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/292.

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This thesis examines why law firms are organised as they are. It develops a theoretical framework of reflexive archetype theory which is constructed from structuring theory (Ranson, Hinings and Greenwood 1980), archetype theory (Hinings and Greenwood 1988), and circuits of power theory (Clegg 1989). It emphasises the reflexivity and integration of the process of organising within law firms. Empirical data are collected from fifteen Sydney law firms and interpreted within reflexive archetype theory. These data confirm the reflexivity and integration of elements within law firms that are theoretically postulated. A research agenda is developed and the contributions of the thesis to the field of organisational analysis are enumerated.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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32

McManus, James John. "Law and power : a study of the social and economic development of the law relating to consumer credit." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247061.

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Li, Jerry. "Institutional Influences on the Political Attainment of Chinese Immigrants: Ethnic Power Share, Citizenship Acquisition Law, and Discrimination Law." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1942.

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A transnational network of more than 50 million people, the Chinese diaspora stretches its reach across the globe. As part of their immigrant journeys, many Chinese immigrants have achieved political leadership in their adopted home countries despite monumental barriers. This thesis examines the political attainment of Chinese immigrants by uncovering how institutional factors such as political power sharing between ethnic groups, citizenship acquisition law, and discrimination law affect their pursuit of public office. I first establish a database of 265 politicians I define as Chinese immigrants, whose various levels of political attainment I then use as the dependent variable. Through empirical analysis, this thesis finds that politicians of Chinese descent attain lower levels of political office when institutional discrimination has targeted Chinese immigrants. In contrast, this thesis reveals that politicians of Chinese descent attain higher levels of political office when political power is shared amongst ethnic groups and when citizenship acquisition laws are exclusionary. While the last result is seemingly counterintuitive, the negative relationship between the inclusiveness of citizenship and political attainment can be explained by the intrinsic role exclusionary citizenship acquisition laws play in naturalizing citizens who are deemed to be integrated and electable.
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Carpio, Marcos Edgar. "The defects of the law." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107748.

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All legislative acts shall have continuity in time. However, sometimes these acts contain defects that cause their unconstitutionality and the subsequent expulsion from the legal order. The important  question that arises is: When can a legislative act be declared unconstitutional? Whichare the defects that cause the expulsion of a law from the legal system?In this article, the author seeks to address these questions through a presentation of the legal defects that cause the invalidity of an act. The author pays special attention to the discussed legislative power excess defect, contrasting foreign case law with jurisprudence from the Peruvian Constitutional Court to determine if it is enough for  an  act  to  have  this  defect to be declared unconstitutional.
Los actos legislativos deben tener continuidad enel tiempo. Sin embargo, muchas veces estos actos contienen vicios que ocasionan su inconstitucionalidad y consecuente expulsión del ordenamientojurídico. La gran pregunta que surge entonces es: ¿Cuándo un acto legislativo puede ser declaradoinconstitucional? ¿Cuáles son los vicios que causanla expulsión de una ley del sistema normativo?En el presente artículo, el autor busca responder estas interrogantes mediante la presentación de los vicios de la ley que ocasionan la invalidez de ésta. El autor presta especial atención al discutido vicio de exceso de poder legislativo, contrastando jurisprudencia extranjera con aquella del Tribunal Constitucional peruano para determinar si basta que una ley tenga este vicio para que pueda ser declarada inconstitucional.
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Braithwaite, Joanne. "Power, prizes and partners : explaining the diversity boom in City law firms." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1396.

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The thesis is a qualitative study of the diversity boom in City law firms. The central research question asks why there should have been such a number of diversity policies implemented in recent years by these firms. The findings are based on interviews with diversity staff and lawyers in eleven of the fifteen largest U. K. law firms, with two global law firms and with the Minister responsible for diversity in the legal profession at the (then) Department of Constitutional Affairs. Interviews were also conducted with diversity staff in three investment banks in order to triangulate data about the role of clients and provide a comparative perspective. The key finding of the research is that certain outside parties play a critical role in pressurizing City law firms to take action on diversity. The most important parties for these purposes are clients, the legal press and interest groups who each leverage power over law firms in highly effective ways, such as by inventing and awarding prizes. The Government and the Law Society play surprisingly low key roles, choosing to act as persuaders rather than to exert decisive exogenous pressures. However, notwithstanding the key role of outsiders in explaining these policies, power relations within firms are also very important, and partners in particular play a key role in decision making. Overall, the study finds that the diversity policies which get made are those which powerful outsiders demand and of which powerful insiders approve. The thesis concludes With a discussion of the implications of these findings.
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Bernhardt, Peter. "The contempt power of the Canadian House of Commons: The case for reform." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7761.

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Byers, M. "Custom, power, and the power of rules : a study of the interaction of power and rules in the process of customary international law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597202.

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The process of customary international law is the process whereby rules of customary international law are developed, maintained or changed. This thesis studies the role of power, in its most general sense, within that process. It seeks to do so from an interdisciplinary perspective, combining elements of international relations theory and methodology with aspects of the history, theory and practice of international law. Chapter One examines the various ways in which the discipline of international relations has, over its relatively brief history, dealt with international law, with a particular emphasis on recent efforts by some international relations scholars to reconsider the role of international law and incorporate it into their explanations of State behaviour. Chapter Two examines how the discipline of international law has dealt with the issue of power, and how most legal scholars remain unaccustomed to thinking about how applications of power can generate international law. Chapter Three reviews a number of theoretical problems associated with the process of customary international law, as well as some of the attempts that have been made to resolve them. It also suggests reasons why existing theories of customary international law remain unsatisfactory and sets out criteria for a new theory of customary international law. Chapter Four responds to the problems identified in Chapter Three by advancing an alternative theory of customary international law. This theory is based on the hypothesis that the process of customary international law involves the interaction of "State power" and "legal power", each of which affects the other in the development, maintenance and change of customary rules. Chapter Five situates this new theory of customary international law with respect to several important and related approaches to international legal theory.
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Nickell, Jon Karl. "Reclaiming state power to bridge governance gaps in global trade." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9177.

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Includes bibliographical references.
An astute understanding of history is not required to grasp that global trade is not a new phenomenon. As a very young student in American schools, I still recall learning about the caravans of traders trekking across the Silk Road, about the merchant traveller Marco Polo, about the misplaced aspirations of Christopher Columbus and the resulting Columbian Exchange between Europe and the Americas. This is an oft-mythologized and sometimes flatly fabricated period of history,1 but there are basic truths at the base of it all. There were certainly men embarking on difficult journeys across vast ocean stretches, carrying goods from one continent to another with the hope of striking it rich (or at least making enough to buy themselves a good time at the next harbour). There were certainly people who profited, and plenty more who were exploited. But while global trade is not new, the structure and volume of global trade has changed drastically during recent decades. More money is at stake, and so is a greater swath of humanity. Complex global value chains2 have sprouted, in which a single product may contain fingerprints from dozens of countries when it finally lands on retail shelves. In this dissertation I am concerned with the fate of workers that toil anonymously at the base of these global value chains. But my primary focus is to contest a myth, though it has nothing to do with Christopher Columbus. Rather, the dominant narrative surrounding contemporary global trade suggests that regulation of such is beyond our reach. Due to the evolving structure of global trade, ‘governance gaps’ have emerged. This begs many questions: Who is responsible for achieving a remedy when things go wrong, when a factory collapse kills hundreds of workers or when the makers of high-priced fashion aren’t paid a living wage? Do we turn to the state that shelters the corporation, even if the wrongdoing occurs outside their jurisdiction? What about the state where the operations are based? Can they impose their will on corporations that are sheltered elsewhere? Are the corporations themselves responsible, even when they are not directly involved in outsourced operations? Are local manufacturers at fault if they are acting at the behest of a more powerful entity?
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Alderson, Karl Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Powers and responsibilities: reforming NSW criminal investigation law." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19056.

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The thesis is a historical study from a socio-legal perspective of debates about, and developments in, criminal investigation law in NSW since 1945. In that period, the NSW parliament has enacted extensive criminal investigation powers and safeguards. This can be seen as the result of the increasing political sensitivity of 'law and order'. Politicians have sought to exercise (and demonstrate) greater control over the criminal justice system. Legislation has been employed to provide a framework for police actions, and to define a role for others, including judges, magistrates and the Ombudsman. Political focus on law and order has also reversed the incentive structure for the police hierarchy. In the 1950s, there were strong incentives not to push for extra powers, lest policing practices and effectiveness receive unwanted scrutiny. In the 1970s, police were dragged into debate about their powers, in the face of the 'authorise and regulated' model suggested by numerous inquiries. More recently, police organisations have often initiated calls for new powers, in part to explain past failings. Another important factor driving debate and reform in recent decades has been the proliferation of oversight agencies, and academic insights that have debunked the 'rotten apple' paradigm. The Federal Government and Parliament have also been increasingly active in what would once have been considered purely State/Territory realms of criminal justice law and politics. These major influences have been coupled with a host of others, including the impact of a series of Royal Commission and law reform reports, the ongoing war on drugs, and the campaign against police verbals in the 1970s and 1980s. The examination of the forces that have influenced debate and reform yields other insights. For example, the complexity of the phenomenon of 'non-reform' is apparent from an examination of debates about policing in the 1950s. Prevailing trends in law and order politics (eg, that populist politics supports additional powers) can be seen to be anchored in the contemporary political context rather than being timeless truths. The multiple roles of law, in governing relationships between state agencies and actors, not just between police and suspects, are also highlighted.
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Shariff, Fauzia. "Resisting Subjugation : Law and Power amongst the Santal of India and Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510440.

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41

Oldmeadow, Anna. "Judging the 'War on Terror' law, politics and the power to decide." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522776.

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42

Russell, Kevin Daniel. "Shared Plans or Shared Power? Rule of Law Paths in New Democracies." Thesis, Yale University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10013026.

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In this dissertation I develop a theory of how the distribution of power across organized interest groups explains why some democratic transitions deliver governments that abide by constitutions, while others do not. Empirically, I consider the disadvantageous case where "census" voting – situations where a social identity seems to determine who votes for whom – diminishes an incumbent party's anticipation of electoral competition (what I call "democratic accountability") and thus the likelihood of losing an election due to abuses of power. I argue that under these conditions, the most important forces pushing a newly democratic country toward rule of law are powerful, self-interested organizations, especially in business and labor. The influence of such organized interest groups is a double-edged sword though: even as such organizations can promote constitutional compliance, they eventually also work to undermine it.

My theory begins from general microfoundations about how three independent variables (the preferences and distribution of power of organized interests and democratic accountability) bear on a new ruling party's constitutional compliance (which determines a general level of "rule of law" over time). Democratic accountability and organized interests that prefer rules to "deal-making" with the government (for example, due to the nature of the country's political economy) both naturally enhance rule of law. However, the effect of a concentration of power among organized interest groups is conditional on the other two independent variables. Where those other factors are weak, powerful business and labor organizations can support at least the institutions designed to protect their productive pursuits and members. When the other two factors already support constitutional compliance, organized interests do not have to carry that burden and only their destructive edge – eliciting special favor from government – is on display.

My empirical work focuses on the challenging case where democratic accountability is low. First I explore the effect of a concentration of organized interests under these conditions. I then examine the process by which democratic accountability might endogenously increase in the long term.

My research design explores variation across institutions and time within South Africa and between South Africa and Iraq at a country level. First, within South Africa, a case study of the Competition Tribunal shows how powerful business conglomerates (that developed before the transition) and the ruling ANC first backed the new institution, which then gained enough independent credibility to later constrain them. In contrast, a case study of the "Arms Deal" scandal – a large military purchase in 1999 widely seen as corrupt – demonstrates how organized interests pay less attention to public oversight bodies (and even benefit from their subversion), such that the ruling party will only defer to oversight bodies if the public demands it. Because the ANC faced no electoral threat, there was little cost to the party when it changed the composition and purpose of an important parliamentary committee.

In addition to explaining variation across institutions in South Africa, I compare South Africa to Iraq. Despite many differences between the countries and their transitions, both countries had weak democratic accountability due to ethnic census elections after transition. Under these conditions, I show how a concentration of organized interests in South Africa but not in Iraq led to stronger rule of law in South Africa as the theory predicts. I associate the differing rule of law outcomes with two different more general paradigms. South Africa, even with a mixed institutional record, reflects a higher "plan-sharing"1 paradigm: where powerful groups observe other actors using institutions out of self-interest, it diminishes their need to monitor, bargain, and coerce other actors to ensure predictable official behavior. In contrast, even under propitious moments of low violence and strong national identity in Iraq in 2008-2010, Iraqis and American advisors alike never emerged from a "power-sharing" paradigm: without any powerful actors with productive interests outside of the state, the very defmition of success remained a bargain over power-sharing rather than a set of rules to make bargaining unnecessary. As a result, when the American withdrawal and exogenous regional factors changed the anticipated balance of power, the bargain unraveled and the country descended back into civil war.

Finally, I return to the case of South Africa to understand the conditions under which democratic accountability might strengthen over time, correcting for the weakness of public oversight. Through two experimental tests, I show that voters are turning against the ANC due to the party's abuses, but they are reluctant to support a white party like the DA. I conclude that democratic accountability is increasing as racial census elections incrementally give way to competition.

1 This idea comes from Shapiro (2011).

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43

Bakaraju, Omkareshwar Rao. "Heat Transfer in Electroosmotic Flow of Power-Law Fluids in Micro-Channel." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1263337731.

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44

Olmez, Fatih. "SLEEP-WAKE TRANSITION DYNAMICS AND POWER-LAW FITTING WITH AN UPPER BOUND." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397648163.

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45

Chen, Zhao. "Bayesian and Empirical Bayes approaches to power law process and microarray analysis." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000430.

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46

Knaack, Christine. "Law, counsel, and commonwealth : languages of power in the early English Reformation." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9746/.

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This thesis examines how power was re-articulated in light of the royal supremacy during the early stages of the English Reformation. It argues that key words and concepts, particularly those involving law, counsel, and commonwealth, formed the basis of political participation during this period. These concepts were invoked with the aim of influencing the king or his ministers, of drawing attention to problems the kingdom faced, or of expressing a political ideal. This thesis demonstrates that these languages of power were present in a wide variety of contexts, appearing not only in official documents such as laws and royal proclamations, but also in manuscript texts, printed books, sermons, complaints, and other texts directed at king and counsellors alike. The prose dialogue and the medium of translation were employed in order to express political concerns. This thesis shows that political languages were available to a much wider range of participants than has been previously acknowledged. Part One focuses on the period c. 1528-36, investigating the role of languages of power during the period encompassing the Reformation Parliament. The legislation passed during this Parliament re-articulated notions of the realm’s social order, creating a body politic that encompassed temporal and spiritual members of the realm alike and positioning the king as the head of that body. Writers and theorists examined legal changes by invoking the commonwealth, describing the social hierarchy as an organic body politic, and using the theme of counsel to acknowledge the king’s imperial authority. Part Two examines two later Reformation contexts: that of the warfare of the 1540s and Edward VI’s minority kingship. Languages of power continued to be accessible to a wide range of participants across the social hierarchy in these later periods. This thesis demonstrates that, far from being limited to the political nation or the centre of the kingdom’s political life, a complex political idiom was available to a broad spectrum of the social order. These languages were present in a larger number of rhetorical contexts than has been often acknowledged.
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47

Ayalew, Tibebu Bekele. "Physical basis of the power-law spatial scaling structure of peak discharges." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1537.

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Key theoretical and empirical results from the past two decades have established that peak discharges exhibit power-law, or scaling, relation with drainage area across multiple scales of time and space. This relationship takes the form Q(A)= $#945;AΘ where Q is peak discharge, A is the drainage area, Θ is the flood scaling exponent, and α is the intercept. Motivated by seminal empirical studies that show that the flood scaling parameters α and Θ change from one rainfall-runoff event to another, this dissertation explores how certain rainfall and catchment physical properties control the flood scaling exponent and intercept at the rainfall-runoff event scale using a combination of extensive numerical simulation experiments and analysis of observational data from the Iowa River basin, Iowa. Results show that Θ generally decreases with increasing values of rainfall intensity, runoff coefficient, and hillslope overland flow velocity, whereas its value generally increases with increasing rainfall duration. Moreover, while the flood scaling intercept is primarily controlled by the excess rainfall intensity, it increases with increasing runoff coefficient and hillslope overland flow velocity. Results also show that the temporal intermittency structure of rainfall has a significant effect on the scaling structure of peak discharges. These results highlight the fact that the flood scaling parameters are able to be estimated from the aforementioned catchment rainfall and physical variables, which can be measured either directly or indirectly using in situ or remote sensing techniques. The dissertation also proposes and demonstrates a new flood forecasting framework that is based on the scaling theory of floods. The results of the study mark a step forward to provide a physically meaningful framework for regionalization of flood frequencies and hence to solve the long standing hydrologic problem of flood prediction in ungauged basins.
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McCraney, Joshua Thomas. "Analysis of Capillary Flow in Interior Corners : Perturbed Power Law Similarity Solutions." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2725.

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The design of fluid management systems requires accurate models for fluid transport. In the low gravity environment of space, gravity no longer dominates fluid displacement; instead capillary forces often govern flow. This thesis considers the redistribution of fluid along an interior corner. Following a rapid reduction of gravity, fluid advances along the corner measured by the column length z = L(t), which is governed by a nonlinear partial differential equation with dynamical boundary conditions. Three flow types are examined: capillary rise, spreading drop, and tapered corner. The spreading drop regime is shown to exhibit column length growth L ~ t2/5, where a closed form analytic solution exists. No analytic solution is available for the capillary rise problem. However, a perturbed power law similarity solution is pursued to approximate an analytic solution in the near neighborhood of the exact solution for the spreading drop. It is recovered that L ~ t1/2 for the capillary rise problem. The tapered corner problem is not analytically understood and hence its corresponding L is undocumented. Based on the slender corner geometry, it is natural to hypothesize the tapered corner column length initially behaves like the capillary rise regime, but after sufficient time has elapsed, it transitions into the spreading drop regime. This leads to a conjecture that its column length growth L is restricted to t2/5 < L < t1/2. To verify this conjecture an explicit finite difference numerical solution is developed for all three regimes. As will be shown, the finite difference scheme converges towards the analytic solutions for the spreading drop and capillary rise regimes. From this we assume the finite difference scheme is accurate for corner flows of similar geometries, and thus apply this scheme the more onerous criteria of the tapered corner. Numerical results support the conjectured L behavior for the tapered corner. Understanding the dynamics of such flows and responses to various geometries offers design advantages for spacecraft waste-management systems, fuel control, hydration containment, cryogenic flows, and a myriad of other fluid applications.
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Sanche, Andrea. "Toronto the Good: devolution and the transformative power of municipal regulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92407.

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This paper outlines how the devolution of power from federal and provincial governments to municipalities has expanded and the role of municipal law. This shift in power to municipalities was supported by courts and buttressed by a shift in political philosophy. This paper demonstrates that although many critics have argued that municipal regulation has been used to marginalize already marginalized groups, it may also have a transformative effect on cities and their residents. Using the case study of municipal regulation passed in the City of Toronto, this paper argues that while this transformation may result in marginalization, it may also allow for the inclusion of more and more diverse voices in municipal decision-making.
Ce document décrit la façon dont la décentralisation du pouvoir des gouvernements fédéral et provincial aux municipalités s'est élargie et le rôle du droit municipal. Ce transfert de pouvoir aux municipalités a été appuyée par les tribunaux et étayée par un changement de philosophie politique. Le présent document démontre que, bien que de nombreux critiques ont fait valoir que le règlement municipal a été utilisé pour marginaliser les groupes déjà marginalisés, elle mai également avoir un effet transformateur sur les villes et leurs habitants. Utilisation de l'étude de cas du règlement municipal adopté dans la ville de Toronto, ce document fait valoir que, si cette transformation mai fait à l'exclusion, elle mai également permettre l'inclusion des voix de plus en plus diverses dans le processus décisionnel municipal.
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50

Heieck, John. "Everything within their power : the P5's duty to prevent genocide." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/57054/.

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The corpus of the duty to prevent genocide was partially circumscribed for the first time in a court of law in the 2007 Bosnian Genocide case. In that case, the International Court of Justice adopted the due diligence standard to define the scope of the duty to prevent genocide. This standard provides that if a State has the capacity to effectively influence genocidal actors and the knowledge that there exists a serious risk that genocide may occur, then that State must do everything within its power - everything within the means available to it - to prevent the genocide from occurring. While the Court's holding in the Bosnian Genocide case was an important step in the normative development of the duty to prevent genocide, the Court nevertheless neglected to expound the full extent of the scope of the due diligence standard. For instance, the Court's holding did not address whom among the several States of the international order must act, and how such States once identified must act when the duty to prevent genocide is triggered. This dissertation attempts to do so. First, it provides an overview of the obligations laid out it in the Genocide Convention, and expounds the significance of the due diligence standard in the prevention of genocide. Second, it identifies the central role to be played in genocide prevention by the five permanent members of the Security Council (the P5), which, as the 'great powers' of the international order, have the greatest capacity to not only effectively influence genocidal actors but also to remain informed about imminent or ongoing genocides. Third, it explores the manner in and the extent to which the P5 must act within and without the Security Council when faced with an imminent genocide, as dictated by the due diligence standard. Finally, it analyzes the standing of the duty to prevent genocide under customary international law and dispels, through a conflict of norms analysis, any doubts arising from possible conflicting obligations held by the P5 under the UN Charter, in favor of their ultimate duty to prevent the occurrence of genocidal acts. Ultimately, the findings described in this dissertation have significant consequences for not only the duty to prevent genocide, but also the responsibility to protect doctrine, the responsibility not to veto initiative, and the prohibition of the use of force in general. They go beyond the soft spoken political commitments to protect national, ethnic, racial, or religious groups from what has been considered 'the crime of crimes', to flesh-out the self-standing legal value of the duty to prevent genocide, and the consequences thereof to the international community at large. As a result, Everything Within Their Power: The P5's Duty to Prevent Genocide will be of particular interest to scholars and students of international law and international relations.
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