Relevant bibliographies by topics / Power grid control room

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Power grid control room'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Power grid control room"

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Dong, Lihu, Danqing Song, and Zhuo Chen. "Small-signal modeling and stability analysis of grid-connected offshore wind power based on virtual synchronous generator control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2087, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2087/1/012055.

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Abstract With the increasing installed capacity of offshore wind power, the grid-connected of offshore wind power technology based on virtual synchronous generators (VSG) control can simulate the inertia and damping characteristics of synchronous generator, which is helpful to improve the networking ability and inertial supportability of grid-connected inverter. However, VSG control also inevitably causes system oscillation, endangers the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Hence, the main circuit and control circuit of offshore wind power grid connection are firstly modeled, and the small-signal model of offshore wind power grid-connected inverter based on VSG control is obtained. Then the correctness of the model is verified by Matlab/Simulink software. Finally, the root trajectory method is used to identify the effects of VSG control parameters and line parameters on the system stability. The results show that VSG control has a significant influence on the stability of the grid-connected system, and reasonable design parameters are needed to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
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Nurtiyanto, Woro Agus, Perani Rosyani, Lili Solihin, and Wiji Prayogo. "Analisis Efisiensi Inverter pada Grid-Connected 50 KWp Unpam Viktor." Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC) 3, no. 4 (September 3, 2022): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/josyc.v3i4.2134.

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The efficiency of grid-tied inverters in converting electrical energy sourced from solar power plants. The purpose of this study is to find out how efficient the Grid-tied inverter is based on the results of field tests, and it is useful as a reference to determine the performance of an inverter connected to the utility grid. Quantitative research methods with direct measurement techniques use the Seaward PV meter measuring instrument and the IsolarCloud monitoring application and control panel to determine the output power absorbed by the load with the research location in the inverter room on the 7th floor of the Pamulang Viktor University campus. The results show that the highest efficiency is achieved with a value of 98.4% where it can be said that the inverter can convert almost all of the energy produced by solar cells, with an average short circuit current (Isc) 16% greater than the maximum current (Imp) and open circuit voltage (Voc) is 21% greater than the maximum power voltage. The results of the analysis also show that the increase in current has no significant effect on the efficiency of the inverter.
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SIddaraj, Siddaraj, Udaykumar R. Yaragatti, and Nagendrappa Harischandrappa. "Coordinated PSO-ANFIS-Based 2 MPPT Control of Microgrid with Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 12, no. 3 (May 27, 2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan12030045.

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The microgrid is a group of smaller renewable energy sources (REs), which act in a coordinated manner to provide the required amount of active power and additional services when required. This article proposes coordinated power management for a microgrid with the integration of solar PV plants with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to enhance power generation and conversion using a hybrid MPPT method based on particle swarm optimization-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (PSO-ANFIS) to acquire rapid and maximum PV power along with battery energy storage control to maintain the stable voltage and frequency (V-f) of an isolated microgrid. In addition, it is proposed to provide active and reactive power (P-Q) regulation for the grid connected. The approach used provides more regulation due to the least root mean square error (RMSE), which improves photovoltaic (PV) potential extraction. The comparison results of the PSO-ANFIS and P&O controllers of the MPPT and the controller of the energy storage devices combined with the V-f (or P-Q) controller of the inverter all show effective coordination between the control systems. This is the most important need for contemporary microgrids, considering the potential of changing irradiance in the grid following mode, the grid forming mode under an island scenario, and back-to-grid synchronization. With the test model, the islanded and grid-islanded-grid connected modes are investigated separately. The results demonstrate conclusively that the proposed strategies are effective. To run the simulations, MATLAB and SimPowerSystems are utilized.
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Chen, Ke, Hongkai Wang, Zhangchi Ying, Chengxin Zhang, and Jiaqi Wang. "Online cleaning method of power grid energy anomaly data based on improved random forest." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012067.

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Abstract Aiming at the problem of high root mean square error of traditional power grid energy anomaly data online cleaning, a power grid energy anomaly data online cleaning method based on improved random forest is designed. Firstly, an outlier data recognition model of isolated forest is designed to identify outliers in the data. Secondly, an improved random forest regression model is established to improve the adaptability of random forest to mixed abnormal data, and the data trend is fitted and predicted. Finally, the improved random forest data cleaning method is used to compensate the missing data after removing the mixed abnormal data, so as to clean the abnormal energy data of the power grid. The experimental results show that when the amount of power grid energy anomaly data increases, the cleaning root mean square error of the experimental group is significantly lower than that of the control group. The method in this paper solves the problem of high root-mean-square error in the online cleaning of abnormal data of traditional grid energy.
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Nazir, Zunaira, and Math H. J. Bollen. "Graphical Ways to Visualize Operational Risk Results for Transmission System Contingencies." Electricity 3, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 442–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity3030023.

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The increased complexity of the transmission grid can endanger the operational security of the grid. Operational risk assessment, a stochastic tool, helps to enhance security. Contingency analysis and its impact quantification are the main constituents of operational risk assessment. In this study, different graphical methods are proposed to visualize operational risk contingency-based detailed results: heat-map and risk-based contingency chart. Through the heat-map, the system operator can determine which contingencies contribute most to the operational risk and would therefore be the most threatening contingencies for operational security of the grid. The “risk-based contingency chart” allows the system operator to analyze contingency cases from the probability and impact aspect in one chart. Both tools may be used in the control room for improved operational planning. In this study of contingency analysis and various types of network studies of severity factor quantification, the IEEE 39-Bus sample network is used in Power-Factory to analyze the contingencies behavior under different operational scenarios.
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Das, Partha Sarati, and Kyeong-Hwa Kim. "Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of a Grid-Side Converter in a Wind Power Generation System." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i2.pp293-304.

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A fault-tolerant technique of a grid-side converter (GSC) is a very important task because the unbalanced grid power endangers the overall system. Since the GSC is very sensitive to grid disturbance, the complete system needs to be stopped suddenly once an open-switch fault occurs. To improve the reliability of system, the continuous operation should be guaranteed. In this paper, a redundant topology based fault-tolerant algorithm is proposed for a GSC in a wind power generation system. The proposed scheme consists of the fault detection and fault-tolerant algorithms. The fault detection algorithm employs the durations of positive and negaitive cycles of three-phase grid currents as well as normalized root mean square (RMS) currents. Once a fault is detected, the corresponding faulty phase is identified and isolated to enable the fault-tolerant operation. The faulty phase is replaced by redundant one rapidly to recover the original shape of the grid currents, which ensures the continuity in operation. In contrast with the conventional methods, the proposed fault detection and fault-tolerant algorithms work effectively even in the presence of the open faults in multiple switches in the GSC. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control algorithms.
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Hu, Linlin, and Long Fu. "Primary frequency modulation of microgrid based on consistent droop control method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2387, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2387/1/012017.

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Abstract The rapid development of new energy sources gradually challenges the frequency stability of power systems. This article focuses on how to realize the frequency modulation control of the power grid under the fluctuation of the power grid. In order to improve the frequency stability of the microgrid system, based on the traditional droop control and consensus algorithm research, this paper proposes a microgrid primary frequency modulation based on the consistency droop control method. This control strategy improves the consistency of the progressive correction term to realize the control of the output of the energy storage unit, and improves the traditional droop controller to quickly restore the stability of the primary frequency. The root locus method verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the control strategy. The simulation experiment verifies the frequency modulation ability of the proposed control strategy, which not only has a faster adjustment speed and response ability, but also has a strong anti-interference ability.
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Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday. "Nigerian Power Sector: A new structure required for effective and adequate power generation, transmission and distribution." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 06–018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0035.

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In this paper, the structure of the Nigerian power sector is examined, the problems in the structure are identified and a new structure is proposed for effective power generation, transmission and distribution. Besides the problems usually canvassed, the current structure is defective from the perspective of the ownership of the power infrastructures, passive involvement of state governments and undue influence of the federal government. The reforms in the sector were driven by the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, leading to the creation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to take both the assets and the liabilities of the then National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), and the subsequent unbundling of PHCN to 18 successor companies – 6 power generating companies, one power transmission company and 11 power distribution companies. The new structure proposed in this work gives room for every state government to own power plants and distribute power in the various states. They can equally buy power from independent power producers. Power plants owned by the federal government in the present structure are to continue sending power to the national grid and made available to states with insufficient power generation in the new structure. Independent power producers can also send power to the national grid. The federal government will continue managing power transmission in the new structure. Each state government will own at least two power distribution companies in partnership with private organizations who will equally have a stake in the ownership of the power generating plants. The tariff of grid-connected power will be higher, encouraging states to go into active power generation. The new structure will enable the federal government to do away with rural electrification programme and other power generation options regulated by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission which should be under the control of various state governments. New laws are needed in the place of the EPSRA to achieve the new structure. The federal government will make money from the proposed structure instead of spending huge sums of money in the present structure.
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Qin, Yongxin, Bingchao Qin, Tao Hong, Xiao Zhang, Dongyang Wang, Dongrui Liu, Zi-Yuan Wang, et al. "Grid-plainification enables medium-temperature PbSe thermoelectrics to cool better than Bi 2 Te 3." Science 383, no. 6688 (March 15, 2024): 1204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adk9589.

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Thermoelectric cooling technology has important applications for processes such as precise temperature control in intelligent electronics. The bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 )–based coolers currently in use are limited by the scarcity of Te and less-than-ideal cooling capability. We demonstrate how removing lattice vacancies through a grid-design strategy switched PbSe from being useful as a medium-temperature power generator to a thermoelectric cooler. At room temperature, the seven-pair device based on n-type PbSe and p-type SnSe produced a maximum cooling temperature difference of ~73 kelvin, with a single-leg power generation efficiency approaching 11.2%. We attribute our results to a power factor of >52 microwatts per centimeter per square kelvin, which was achieved by boosting carrier mobility. Our demonstration suggests a path for commercial applications of thermoelectric cooling based on Earth-abundant Te-free selenide-based compounds.
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Ani, Vincent Anayochukwu. "Simulation and Optimization of Photovoltaic/Diesel Hybrid System for Off-Grid Banking Industry." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 3, no. 2 (April 2014): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2014040102.

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Power supply is one of the major problems of the banking industry of many emerging economies, such as Nigeria, particularly as the banks strive to modernize and offer quality services, such as electronic banking. This paper proposed a PV/Diesel hybrid power generation system suitable for banking. The study is based on simulation and optimization of hybrid system of a bank located in two different locations [Nsukka (Enugu State – which covers the southern part of the nation) and Kaura (Kaduna State – covering the northern part of the nation)]. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software was used for the design of the proposed stand-alone PV/Diesel power system. A control system for the Hybrid PV-Diesel Energy System with Battery Storage was developed to coordinate when power should be generated by PV panels and when it should be generated by diesel generator. From the simulation results, 46% decrease in each pollutant is noticed in Nsukka for a 46% renewable penetration into the existing diesel only power system; while in Kaura, 55% decrease in each pollutant is noticed for a 55% renewable penetration into the existing diesel only power system. This shows that the more % of renewable penetration into the diesel only system, the more decrease in pollutant emission. The results also show that the two locations (Nsukka and Kaura) have the same excess electricity of 45kWh/yr showing that the system is optimally sized. This excess electricity of power supply is guaranteed in the location simulated in order to give room for future Bank expansion. This may also be applied to other regions of the country.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Power grid control room"

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Zhang, Weiyi. "Control of grid connected power converters with grid support functionalities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456312.

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The installation of power generation systems based on renewable energy sources has been increasing exponentially over the last decades. However, in spite of the well-known merits of such energy sources, the expansion of renewable-based generation (RG) plants, which interface the grid through power converters, can produce also negative impacts on the electrical grid, due to its power processing mechanism, which is different from traditional generation plants. In fact, the regulation capability of the grid can decrease as much as the share of the RG increases. To avoid this, power conversion systems belonging to RG plants are requested to be more grid-friendly, and responsive to the electrical network conditions. In this way, they can contribute to the electrical network stability as other generation does, instead of behaving as simply grid-feeding systems focused on injecting as much power as possible.This PhD dissertation is focused on the control of grid-connected power converters with grid support functionalities based on the Synchronous Power Controller (SPC) concept. The SPC is an established solution for controlling grid connected power converters and equipping them with emulated and improved synchronous machine characteristics. In addition to the general goal of improving the grid interaction of the RG plants, grid support functionality stands as a main property among the characteristics given by the SPC. In this dissertation the virtual admittance structure, contained in the electrical block of the SPC, which emulates the stator output impedance of the synchronous machines, is analyzed. Moreover, it is extended to a study case where the admittance value can be different for positive- and negative-sequence components. The designed virtual admittance block contains three branches, which are responsible for positive-sequence current injection, negative-sequence current injection and other harmonic components, respectively. The converter¿s performance under asymmetrical grid fault is especially considered in this case.The analysis and arrangements in the design of the SPC¿s power loop controller is another contribution of this research. Other methods that consider synchronous machine emulation normally construct the controller by reproducing the synchronous generation swing equation. Based on the virtual implementation, which is free from mechanical constraints, one can set a proper damping factor achieving thus better dynamics compared to the traditional synchronous machines. However, the increase of the damping factor changes the inherent power-frequency (P-f) droop characteristics, which may lead to undesired deviations in the active power generation. In the framework of this PhD, a method that modifies the conventional swing equation emulation and lets the inherent P-f droop characteristics be configurable, independently of the inertia and damping characteristics, is proposed.The work presented in this dissertation is supported by mathematical and simulation analysis. Moreover, in order to endorse the conclusions achieved, a complete experimental validation has been conducted. As it will be shown, the performance of the SPC has been validated in tests once the main parts, namely virtual admittance and power loop controller, and other parts are settled. The simulation and experimental test scenarios include events like changes in the power operation point, frequency sweeps, voltage magnitude changes, start-up and parallel converters operation, which are given under different control configurations like the different structures for the power loop controller and different control parameters. This PhD research also compares the transient performance of the SPC-based power converters with the ones achieved with conventional control methods.
Los convertidores de potencia conectados a la red actúan comúnmente como interfaz entre plantas de generación basadas en energía renovable y la red eléctrica, permitiendo así el procesado de energía eólica y fotovoltaica y su inyección a red. El control de estos convertidores conectados a la red ha sido objeto de estudio en las últimas décadas, ya que su comportamiento y prestaciones influye de forma determinante tanto en la calidad de la red eléctrica, así como en el cumplimiento de los requisitos de conexión a la red fijados por los códigos de red. Junto con la expansión de las plantas de generación de energía renovable, su impacto en el sistema eléctrico ha crecido también, lo cual ha hecho que se lleven a cabo muchos trabajos de investigación orientados a armonizar la penetración de renovables con la estabilidad de la red. Con los sistemas de control actuales la capacidad de regulación de la red disminuye tanto como la proporción de la generación renovable aumenta. En las redes eléctricas del futuro, se espera que los convertidores de potencia, que actúan como interfaz, exploten sus posibilidades de cómputo y control permitiendo mejorar la interacción de la generación renovable con la red. En este contexto los controles de tipo “droop control”, los cuales son ampliamente utilizados en sistemas de generación tradicionales, se pueden aplicar a los convertidores conectados a red para habilitar funciones de soporte de red, ya que estos contribuyen al control de tensión y frecuencia primaria ajustando el intercambio de potencia activo y reactiva de forma proporcional a la desviación de la frecuencia y magnitud de la tensión en el punto de conexión. En el caso de regulación de frecuencia, y para que este sea bidireccional, el convertidor puede interactuar con la red con la ayuda de sistemas de almacenamiento de energía. Sin embargo, la inclusión del “droop control” no conlleva una solución global. Incluso si se ajusta de forma óptima y se dispone de reserva de energía, aún hay cuestiones como la respuesta inercial que no se pueden dar con este tipo de control. La generación en los sistemas tradicionales se lleva a cabo principalmente por generadores síncronos. Comparados con estos, los convertidores conectados a la red difieren principalmente en la falta de la característica electromecánica. En consecuencia, la estática y la dinámica de las unidades de generación de energía renovable son diferentes en comparación con los generadores síncronos. La dinámica de estos convertidores es altamente dependiente de los sistemas de sincronización (PLL), cuyo comportamiento se degrada en condiciones de red adversas o distorsionadas. Además, el control de potencia normalmente depende control de potencia instantáneo. Debido a las diferentes dinámicas, la inercia total en la red no aumenta junto con la integración de las energías renovables. Sin embargo, los códigos de red han incluido requerimientos tales como “inercia sintética" en los requisitos. Otras deficiencias del control del convertidor convencional incluyen el rendimiento inferior bajo condiciones de avería de red, en conexión de red débil y conexión de red de relación X / R baja. Esta tesis doctoral estudia y valida el control de los convertidores conectados a la red con funcionalidades de soporte de red. El objetivo general del trabajo es mejorar las características de interacción de la red de las plantas de generación de energía renovable mediante la especificación de los convertidores conectados a la red con características de la máquina síncrona emulada y mejorada. La tesis ha aportado contribuciones o ha mostrado originalidades en los siguientes aspectos: Un enfoque de ajuste de bucle de control de corriente interno generalizado; Diseño detallado y validación de la admisión virtual para convertidores conectados a la red; Diseño detallado y validación del circuito de control de potencia para la emulación de inercia y amortiguación.
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Roos, Pontus. "A Comparison of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Control of VSCs." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413872.

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Variable renewable energy sources are today increasingly integrated in the power system as a step towards the renewable society. The large-scale introduction of converter-based energy sources brings challenges in terms of reduced damping to the power system due to the reduced number of synchronous generators. This can be manifested as high rate-of-change-of-frequency and decreased grid stability. To forestall this reduced performance, it is suggested that the grid-following control of today’s converters are restructured to a grid-forming control, enabling the converter to behave closer to a synchronous machine.   This thesis compares grid-following and grid-forming control and seeks to further describe this grid-forming behavior by applying a grid-forming control method on an energy storage enhanced STATCOM-system. A continuous time model and a linearized model based on state space representations are constructed in order to investigate the grid-forming behavior but also how the converter stability is affected by a restructure from grid-following to grid-forming control.   The results indicate that the investigated grid-forming control method displays a behavior similar to synchronous machines and incorporates the ability to provide frequency response services and so called “synthetic inertia” to the grid.  The results also show that the stability of the converter (the ability to provide a bounded output when the system is perturbed) is ensured when the control method is restructured from grid-following to grid-forming and that the investigated grid-forming method is stable also in weak grid situations.
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Wu, Yifan. "Grid-forming Inverter Control for Improving Power System Stability." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27492.

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Renewable energy sources are being widely adopted by more and more countries due to their comparatively low cost, flexibility, and environmental benefits. Grid-forming control is becoming an important technology to address the stability issues resulting from the retirement of conventional synchronous generation. Unlike conventional grid-following inverters, predominantly used today for the connection of wind and solar farms, grid-forming inverters behave much like synchronous machines by providing both inertia and system strength. Against this backdrop, this thesis investigates the problem of designing grid-forming inverter control algorithms for the utility-scale battery storage system, focusing on power system applications specifically. Firstly, we investigated the theory of grid-tied inverter control strategies. Then we mathematically modelled the voltage source converter (VSC) system and used DIgSILENT PowerFactory to conduct several case studies. For the first case study, a four-bus test system was modelled, which then served as a benchmark system to test the system-level control strategies for the grid-tied inverter. The crucial role of the grid-forming control in supporting system inertia and system strength was revealed. Furthermore, we proposed a stability scanning framework to help system planners determine the amount and location of utility-scale battery storage equipped with grid-forming inverters. Afterwards, we used a simplified model of the Australian NEM as another case study. We performed time-series scanning with an hourly resolution to capture the intraday and interseasonal variation in the output of variable renewable generation. The results demonstrated that grid-forming control could markedly improve the frequency performance of power systems dominated by converter-interfaced renewable generation.
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Alfares, Abdulgafor Mohammed. "Analysis of power converter's control techniques in Grid-Tie and AC Micro/Smart Grid." Thesis, Marquette University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1553890.

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Power converters have an outstanding potential in micro and smart grid applications that require flexible and fast power control as well as rigid voltage regulation at the point of common coupling. Power converters are required to properly operate under several modes of operation such as grid-tie and micro-grid modes of operations. In addition, the control system should be designed to enable proper load sharing between several units.

Several control techniques have been proposed in the literature to address most of the control requirements of the power converters under different operating modes mentioned above. However, references found in the literatures are usually centered on the analysis of the system under only one mode of operation and using a single control strategy. Comprehensive study that combines an in depth analysis of the power converters control under several modes are very scarce in the literature.

In this thesis, a detailed survey and analysis of power converter control techniques in Grid-Tie and AC Micro/Smart Grid applications are introduced. This analysis is based on detailed nonlinear time domain simulations as well as average and small signal models for system stability assessment and performance evaluation.

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Das, Debrup. "Dynamic control of grid power flow using controllable network transformers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43739.

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The objective of the research is to develop a cost-effective, dynamic grid controller called the controllable network transformer (CNT) that can be implemented by augmenting existing load tap changing (LTC) transformers with an AC-AC converter. The concept is based on using a fractionally rated direct AC-AC converter to control the power through an existing passive LTC. By using a modulation strategy based on virtual quadrature sources (VQS), it is possible to control both the magnitude and the phase angle of the output voltage of the CNT without having any inter-phase connections. The CNT architecture has many advantages over existing power flow controllers, like absence of low frequency storage, fractional converter rating, retro-fitting existing assets and independent per-phase operation making it potentially attractive for utility applications. The independent control of the magnitude and the phase angle of the output voltage allow independent real and reactive power flow control through the CNT-controlled line. In a meshed network with asymmetric network stresses this functionality can be used to redirect power from critically loaded assets to other relatively under-utilized parallel paths. The power flow controllability of CNT can thus be used to lower the overall cost of generation of power. The solid state switches in the CNT with fast response capability enable incorporation of various additional critical functionalities like grid fault ride through, bypassing internal faults and dynamic damping. This bouquet of features makes the CNT useful under both steady state and transient conditions without compromising the grid reliability.
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Aminou, Moussavou Anges Akim. "Modelling and analysis of microgrid control techniques for grid stabilisation." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1184.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014
In recent times, renewable energy-based distributed generation (DG) has captivated the industrial sector and on a global scale this has become a leading research area. Distributed generation using wind, solar energy or biomass as a source of energy can produce electricity on a small scale. Therefore, there is a strong focus on using renewable energy as a safe alternative source of energy, especially because it can in future play a dominant role in the world’s energy production and help to tackle the increase of global warming caused by fossil energy. However, a major problem facing renewable energies is that they are highly dependent on weather conditions. Since the power generated by DG, as well as consumption, depends on the weather conditions, irregularity of production and consumption leads to frequency and voltage fluctuations, and it can become difficult to determine and monitor consumer usage at any given time. Distributed generation can then be subjected to discrepancies in consumer usage and this can lead to severe overloading. As a result, microgrids powered by DG, operating in a single, stand-alone controllable system mode, face new challenges in terms of balancing a cluster of loads. Balancing a cluster of loads by making sure at all times that the entire system operates without overloading, is an essential requirement for the proper operation of a power system. The microgrid load considered in this project is the sum of sensitive and non-sensitive loads, respectively 5 kW and 100 kW, which constitute load requirement of one village; this total load required by a number of villages is called a cluster load. Depending on the input power generated by a DG-based photovoltaic (PV) system, these loads can be controlled using a logic control switch (LCS). When the power produced is less than the minimum load required by a component of a cluster, overloading occurs. The purpose of using an LCS is to ensure that a stable system is maintained under various loads and resource conditions. An LCS is used to continuously monitor and adjust load through circuit breakers. It is a good alternative to load balancing for a cluster of villages in rural area where a microgrid is operating in stand-alone mode. The focus of this research is to design a photovoltaic system with a maximum capacity of 1 MW providing power to a cluster of rural villages, and operating in stand-alone mode, and then to apply different control techniques (droop control, dq0 reference frame + proportional integral (PI) controller, and PI controller alone) at the inverter terminal of the PV system, in order to evaluate the stability of the output voltage. Another goal of the research is to develop an energy management system (EMS) algorithm to support the PV system in reducing loads. Therefore, a iii stable system under various load and resource conditions, as well as suitable control mechanisms are required to model a PV system. There is a need for the modelling of a PV array using a physical modelling block in MATLAB (SIMULINK) software. The state flow provided by SIMULINK is used in this project to develop an algorithm for load balancing. The state flow gives possibilities of modelling complex algorithms by combining graphical and tabular representations to create sequential decision logic, derived from state transition diagrams and tables, flow charts and truth tables. Furthermore, the design of a microgrid using photovoltaic DG and an energy management system, has been developed. The present work mainly consists of a stand-alone microgrid operation, where the power generated must be equal to the load power. In addition, different control methods, consisting of a dq0 reference frame + PI controller, are analysed at the invertor terminal. Subsequently an LCS algorithm is developed; this is required to maintain the system within certain limits and prevents overloading. LCS algorithms are based on a flowchart and allow switching automatically selected loads, depending on the power (solar radiation) available. In addition, a flow chart provides an easy way of using a graphical transition state and state chart to establish a set of rules for the system. The simulation results show that both droop control and a dq0 reference frame + PI controller are much better than a PI controller alone; these results also compared well with similar studies found in the literature. Also, these results are further improved with an EMS in order to maintain the output voltage of the microgrid, by switching on and off certain loads depending on the input power. The modelling of the microgrid using DG, based on photovoltaic systems with a maximum capacity of 1 MW, supports and improves the PV system by reducing loads. Moreover, droop control, and dq0 transformation + PI control present a better result than PI controller alone.
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7

Ghias, Nezhad Omran Nima. "Power grid planning for vehicular demand: forecasting and decentralized control." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23891.

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Temporal and spatial distribution of incoming vehicular charging demand is a significant challenge for the future planning of power systems. In this thesis the vehicular loading is-sue is categorized into two classes of stationary and mobile; they are then addressed in two phases. The mobile vehicular load is investigated first; a location-based forecasting algorithm for the charging demand of plug-in electric vehicles at potential off-home charging stations is proposed and implemented for real-world case-studies. The result of this part of the re-search is essential to realize the scale of fortification required for a power grid to handle vehicular charging demand at public charging stations. In the second phase of the thesis, a novel decentralized control strategy for scheduling vehicular charging demand at residential distribution networks is developed. The per-formance of the proposed algorithm is then evaluated on a sample test feeder employing real-world driving data. The proposed charging scheduling algorithm will significantly postpone the necessity for upgrading the assets of the network while effectively fulfilling customers’ transportation requirements and preferences.
October 2014
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8

Su, Po-An (Po-An Leo). "Demonstration of HVAC chiller control for power grid frequency regulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99306.

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Thesis: S.M. in Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-77).
Secondary frequency regulation is a necessary electric grid ancillary service that balances electric power system supply and demand on short time intervals of seconds to minutes. Commercial HVAC chillers may be well positioned to provide secondary frequency regulation as a demand side resource. Commercial 200 ton (703 kWth) chillers serving two buildings in the Boston area are used to experimentally develop a practical closed-loop controller that modifies chiller power demand to provide secondary frequency regulation. In the first setup, a physical controller is connected directly to the chiller and adjusts power through chilled water setpoint. In the second setup, both the chiller and air handling units are controlled through the BAS. Demonstrations using standard electric system operator test routines show the chiller power response to exceed qualification requirements while providing up to +/-25% of chiller nameplate power in secondary frequency regulation capability. The controller is further demonstrated to provide secondary frequency regulation continuously for several hours longer than the standard test routines, during which building cooling load changes significantly. Analysis of results indicate minimum power and variable COP as two factors that could be incorporated into future models to more accurately reflect observed chiller transient behaviour and predict performance. BAS communication delays, ramp rate limits, and compressor cycling are additional factors that can have significant negative impacts on controller performance. Extrapolation of experiment results to higher-level analysis indicates that chillers can contribute to the secondary frequency regulation requirements at the grid level in aggregate, although potential varies greatly depending on climate and building type. There is more potential in the south, where 21% of secondary frequency regulation requirements might be met with chillers; the contribution of chillers in colder climates is minimal. Short-term power balance to achieve stability is essential for the operation of the modern electrical power system. Providing stability through modified control of existing HVAC chillers in commercial buildings is a technologically feasible alternative to existing solutions and can make a meaningful contribution to the electrical grid.
by Po-An (Leo) Su.
S.M. in Building Technology
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9

Jupin, Samuel. "Advanced Control of Multilevel Power Converters for Weak Grid Applications." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0210.

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Avec l’avènement des micros-réseaux incorporant les sources d’énergie renouvelable, un nouveau paradigme apparaît dans la distribution de l’électricité. Ces nouvelles architectures interfacent des consommateurs non contrôlés à des sources d’énergie intermittentes, plaçant de fortes contraintes sur les étapes de conversion, stockage et gestion de l’énergie.Les convertisseurs de puissance s’adaptent avec en particulier le développement des convertisseurs multiniveaux, qui supportent à composants égaux des puissances plus importantes que leurs prédécesseurs et assurent une meilleure qualité de l’énergie, mais dont le contrôle gagne en complexité.Du fait de leur nature hybride, le contrôle des convertisseurs de puissance est traditionnellement scindé en deux parties. D’un côté les objectifs continus liés à la fonction principale d’interfaçage des convertisseurs, de l’autre le pilotage des interrupteurs quantifiés qui le forment, la modulation.Dans ce contexte, les exigences croissantes en rendement, fiabilité, polyvalence et performance imposent un gain conséquent d’intelligence de l’ensemble de l’architecture de contrôle. Pour répondre à ces exigences, nous proposons de traiter à la fois les objectifs liés à la fonction d’interface des convertisseurs et ceux rattachés à leur nature avec un unique contrôleur. Cette décision implique d’incorporer la non-linéarité des convertisseurs de puissance au contrôleur. Une approche de Contrôle à Modèle Prédictif (MPC) a été retenue pour traiter cette non-linéarité ainsi que la diversité d’objectifs de contrôle qui accompagne les convertisseurs.L’algorithme développé combine la théorie des graphes, avec divers algorithmes comme ceux de Dijkstra et A* à un modèle d’état spécialisé pour les systèmes à commutation, formant ainsi un outil puissant et universel capable de manipuler et la nature discrète des interrupteurs de puissance et celle continue de son environnement. L’étude du modèle d’état utilisé pour les convertisseurs de puissance comme systèmes commutants conduit à des résultats concernant la stabilité et la contrôlabilité de ces systèmes.Le contrôleur obtenu est éprouvé en simulation, face à des cas d’applications variés : onduleur isolé ou connecté à un réseau, redresseur et convertisseur bidirectionnel. La même structure de contrôle est confrontée à chacune de ces situations pour trois topologies multi-niveaux : Neutral Point-Clamped, Flying Capacitor et Cascaded H-Bridge. La capacité d’adaptation du contrôleur est regroupée dans deux étapes : la prédiction, qui utilise le modèle du convertisseur, et la fonction de coût, qui traduit le cahier des charges en un problème d’optimisation résolu par l’algorithme. Changer de topologie implique de modifier le modèle, sans impact sur la fonction de coût, tandis que modifier cette fonction suffit à s’adapter aux différentes applications.Les résultats montrent que le contrôleur pilote directement les interrupteurs de puissance en fonction des objectifs. Les performances générales de cette structure unique sont comparables à celles des structures multiples utilisées pour chacun des cas étudiés, à l’exception notable du fonctionnement redresseur, où la rapidité et l’étendue des possibilités sont tout particulièrement intéressants.En conclusion, le contrôleur développé est capable de traiter un grand nombre d’applications, topologies, objectifs et contraintes. Alors que les modifications du cahier des charges ou des conditions de fonctionnement impactent souvent profondément les structures de contrôle linéaire, ces altérations ne modifient pas l’architecture du contrôleur MPC développé. Cela illustre la polyvalence de la solution proposée ainsi que son universalité, démontrée davantage par la capacité à s’adapter à des convertisseurs de puissance différents et sans modifications. Finalement, la complexité de la modulation est toute incluse dans la structure, offrant un gain de simplicité et de flexibilité au design du contrôle
With the progressive rise of the micro-grids incorporating renewable energy sources, a new electricity distribution paradigm is emerging. These new architectures interface uncontrolled consumers with intermittent energy sources, therefore imposing more stress on the conversion, storage and management of the energy.Power converters are adapting accordingly, in particular, with the development of multi-level converters, which allow higher power rates and better power quality than their predecessors with similar components, but whose control is becoming increasingly complex.Due to their hybrid nature, the control of power converters is traditionally split into two parts: on the one side, the continuous objectives related to the main interfacing function of the power converters, and, on the other side, the driving of their quantized power switches, known as the modulation strategy.In this context, the growing demands in efficiency, reliability, versatility and performance require a high level of intelligence of the complete control structure. To meet these requirements, the objectives of this research work are to address both the interfacing objectives and the inner driving of the converter into a single controller. This decision implies incorporating the non-linearity of power converters into the controller, equivalent to suppressing the traditional modulation block. Modulation is the traditional solution to linearize the inner operation of the converters. The Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach was chosen to handle the non-linearity and the diversity of control objectives that accompany power converters.The developed control algorithm combines graph theory, with Dijkstra, A* and other algorithms, with a special state-space model designed for switching systems to form a powerful universal tool capable of simultaneously manipulating the discrete and continuous nature of the converter and its environment. Switched state-space models are studied, leading to interesting results on stability and controllability concerning their application on power converters.The obtained controller is then tested in simulation, with various case studies: grid-connected and standalone inverter, rectifier and bidirectional operation. These situations are studied for three common multi-level topologies: Neutral Point-Clamped, Flying Capacitor and Cascaded H-Bridge. The exact same MPC structure is used for each and every one of the case studies, with adaptations of its internal behavior. This behavior is agglomerated in two functions: the prediction, containing the model of the converter, and the cost function, which translates the control requirements into the optimal problem solved by the algorithm. Changing the topology implies adjusting the model, without impacting the cost function, while modifying this function is sufficient to adapt to the different applications.The results show that the controller manages to directly drive the power switches according to the application, demonstrating a large variety of considerations and objectives. The overall performance of this unique structure is comparable to that of the multiple structures used for each of the studied cases, with the notable exception of rectifier operation mode, where the speed and range of possibilities are particularly interesting.In conclusion, the developed controller manages miscellaneous applications, topologies, objectives and constraints. While the traditional linear control structures have to change, often deeply, for different operation modes and control requirements, such modifications do not affect the control architecture of the designed MPC controller. This shows the versatility of the proposed solution and its universality, further demonstrated by its ability to adapt to different power converters without modifications. Finally, the complexity of the modulation is fully included in the structure, offering simplicity and flexibility to the control design
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McAndrew, Thomas Charles. "Weighted Networks: Applications from Power grid construction to crowd control." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/668.

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Since their discovery in the 1950's by Erdos and Renyi, network theory (the study of objects and their associations) has blossomed into a full-fledged branch of mathematics. Due to the network's flexibility, diverse scientific problems can be reformulated as networks and studied using a common set of tools. I define a network G = (V,E) composed of two parts: (i) the set of objects V, called nodes, and (ii) set of relationships (associations) E, called links, that connect objects in V. We can extend the classic network of nodes and links by describing the intensity of these associations with weights. More formally, weighted networks augment the classic network with a function f(e) from links to the real line, uncovering powerful ways to model real-world applications. This thesis studies new ways to construct robust micro powergrids, mine people's perceptions of causality on a social network, and proposes a new way to analyze crowdsourcing all in the context of the weighted network model. The current state of Earth's ecosystem and intensifying climate calls on scientists to find new ways to harvest clean affordable energy. A microgrid, or neighborhood-scale powergrid built using renewable energy sources attached to personal homes, suggest one way to ameliorate this energy crisis. We can study the stability (robustness) of such a small-scale system with weighted networks. A novel use of weighted networks and percolation theory guides the safe and efficient construction of power lines (links, E) connecting a small set of houses (nodes, V) to one another and weights each power line by the distance between houses. This new look at the robustness of microgrid structures calls into question the efficacy of the traditional utility. The next study uses the twitter social network to compare and contrast causal language from everyday conversation. Collecting a set of 1 million tweets, we find a set of words (unigrams), parts of speech, named entities, and sentiment signal the use of informal causal language. Breaking a problem difficult for a computer to solve into many parts and distributing these tasks to a group of humans to solve is called Crowdsourcing. My final project asks volunteers to 'reply' to questions asked of them and 'supply' novel questions for others to answer. I model this 'reply and supply' framework as a dynamic weighted network, proposing new theories about this network's behavior and how to steer it toward worthy goals. This thesis demonstrates novel uses of, enhances the current scientific literature on, and presents novel methodology for, weighted networks.
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Books on the topic "Power grid control room"

1

Zhang, Chenghui. Advanced Control of Grid-Connected High-Power Converters. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8998-8.

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Hallbert, B. P. A study of control room staffing levels for advanced reactors. Washington, D.C: Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2000.

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Zhong, Qing-Chang, and Tomas Hornik. Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118481806.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Systems Technology. and Pacific Northwest Laboratory, eds. Computer codes for evaluation of control room habitability (HABIT). Washington, DC: Division of Systems Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996.

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Keyhani, Ali. Design of smart power grid renewable energy systems. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Safety Issue Resolution. and Pacific Northwest Laboratory, eds. Computer codes for evaluation of control room habitability (HABIT V1.1). Washington, DC: Division of Reactor Program Management, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998.

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Roth, Emilie. Integrating digital and conventional human-system interfaces: Lessons learned from a control room modernization program. Washington, DC: Division of Systems Analysis and Regulatory Effectiveness, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2002.

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John, O'Hara, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Systems Analysis and Regulatory Effectiveness., and Brookhaven National Laboratory. Energy Sciences and Technology Dept., eds. Integrating digital and conventional human-system interfaces: Lessons learned from a control room modernization program. Washington, DC: Division of Systems Analysis and Regulatory Effectiveness, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2002.

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Greece) IREP Symposium (2013 Rethymnon. 2013 IREP Symposium Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - IX Optimization, Security and Control of the Emerging Power Grid supplement (IREP supplement 2013): Rethymnon, Crete, Greece, 25-30 August 2013. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2013.

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K, Kokula Krishna Hari, ed. Power Quality and System Level Control at Three-Phase Bidirectional Converter Interfaced with Micro Grid Systems: ICIEMS 2014. India: Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Power grid control room"

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Babul, Abhinav Kumar, Saurabh Kumar Rajput, Himmat Singh, and Ramesh C. Yadaw. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Grid-Type Roof-Top Photovoltaic (GRPV) System." In Control Applications in Modern Power System, 399–408. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8815-0_34.

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Dou, Xiaobo, Haoyi Zhang, Yuchao Luo, Ruoxuan Sun, and Jianlong Sun. "Modular Operational Reliability Evaluation of Power Distribution Room Based on Data Learning." In Proceedings of PURPLE MOUNTAIN FORUM 2019-International Forum on Smart Grid Protection and Control, 685–700. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9783-7_56.

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Stoustrup, Jakob. "Distributed Control of Power Grids." In Smart Grid Control, 85–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98310-3_5.

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Chakhchoukh, Yacine, and Hideaki Ishii. "Cyber Security for Power System State Estimation." In Smart Grid Control, 241–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98310-3_15.

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Mei, Shengwei, Xuemin Zhang, and Ming Cao. "Simplification, Equivalence, and Synchronization Control of Dynamic Power Grids." In Power Grid Complexity, 229–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16211-4_8.

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Uchida, Kenko, Kenji Hirata, and Yasuaki Wasa. "Incentivizing Market and Control for Ancillary Services in Dynamic Power Grids." In Smart Grid Control, 47–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98310-3_3.

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Chothani, Nilesh, Maulik Raichura, and Dharmesh Patel. "Transformer Infrastructure for Power Grid." In Studies in Infrastructure and Control, 1–26. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3870-4_1.

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Arnaltes, Santiago, José Luis Rodríguez Amenedo, and Jesús Castro. "Grid-Forming Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generators." In Grid-Forming Power Inverters, 131–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302520-7.

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Roozbehani, Sam, Reza Deihimi Kordkandi, and Mehrdad Tarafdar Hagh. "An Overview of Modeling and Control of Grid-Forming Inverters." In Grid-Forming Power Inverters, 79–106. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302520-5.

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Adams, Susan Stevens, and Francis P. Hannigan. "Defining Expertise in the Electric Grid Control Room." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 69–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41950-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Power grid control room"

1

Steed, Asher, Veera Raju Vinnakota, Djordje Atanackovic, and Michael Yao. "Experiences in system voltage monitoring and control in evolving power grid and application of control room tools." In 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039195.

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Hu, Ende, Wei Song, Haibo Zhao, Chuihui Li, Qi Li, Zeyuan Shen, Yahong Xing, and Xiaojun Song. "Research on village roof photovoltaic access to power grid." In 4th International Symposium on Power Electronics and Control Engineering (ISPECE 2021), edited by Fengjie Cen and Yinquan Yu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2619637.

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Khan, Mohammed Ali, Sachin Mishra, and V. S. K. V. Harish. "Grid connected energy efficient building with roof top SPV." In 2017 Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rdcape.2017.8358252.

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Weispfenning, Lars, Athanasios Krontiris, and Ingo Jeromin. "Training for Control Room Operators to Increase Local Renewable Energy Use in Neighboring Distribution Grids." In 2023 10th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mps58874.2023.10187459.

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Gawai, Rucha M., and Sanjay M. Shinde. "Power Sharing Analysis of Grid Connected Three Phase Solar Roof Top System." In 2019 5th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And Automation (ICCUBEA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccubea47591.2019.9129190.

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Janko, Samantha, Shaun Atkinson, and Nathan Johnson. "Design and Fabrication of a Containerized Micro-Grid for Disaster Relief and Off-Grid Applications." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60296.

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Rapid solutions are needed throughout the world to meet electrical demands for disaster relief, stabilizing development, industrial or research centers, exploratory drilling and mining, military stationing, and other off-grid or weak-grid applications. This need for on-demand power requires a mobile, modular, and self-sufficient power system designed for rapid deployment and seamless integration. This paper describes a mobile power solution specifically designed for disaster response situations like the Haiti earthquake in 2010, the primary motivating case for this work. A public-private partnership between Arizona State University and NRG Energy was formed to complete the use-inspired design. The mobile system was scoped to meet electricity requirements for a command center, clinic, cellular communications, kitchen, short-term lodging and public lighting, and other critical loads needed to stabilize development in the wake of natural or anthropogenic disaster that destroys the local electrical infrastructure. Deploying modular and self-contained micro-grids has the potential to reduce human harm following disaster by providing a decentralized network of electrical generation assets designed to meet critical loads for human survival and well being. In addition, since no two emergency situations are alike, the proposed solution provides flexibility and scalability to meet constraints for local renewable resources, fuel availability, and physical deployment space. The final system includes a 20 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) array, 10 kWh of lithium-ion battery storage, a 10 kW inverter system, a control computer, and a 20 kW diesel generator for supplemental power. The solar array is packed within a 20’ steel shipping container for ease and safe transport, thereby making the solution “containerized.” Components must be firmly mounted or secured to the walls and floors of the container for transport via a cargo freighter or helicopter. A second room was created inside the container to separate the generator from the batteries for safety purposes. The prototype can be fully deployed and functional in less than one hour’s time, and was tested against a load bank during various times of the day to illustrate how the power system controls shift operation between batteries, solar PV, and the generator. Sustainability, ethics, health, and safety features were considered in relation to the design specifications, manufacturability, and design scalability. These considerations included the lifecycle of the container, maintenance, modularity, intuitive operation, accessibility, and component temperature regulation, among others. Integration of other technologies such as wind power generation and water purification have the potential to bring further benefit through the plug-and-play containerized micro-grid solution.
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Volkanovski, Andrija, Antonio Ballesteros Avila, and Miguel Peinador Veira. "Results of the Loss of Offsite Power Events Analysis." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60153.

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This paper presents the results of statistical and engineering analysis of Loss of Offsite Power (LOOP) events registered in four reviewed databases. The paper includes events registered in IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire) SAPIDE and GRS (Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH) VERA database in time period 1992 to 2011. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Licensee Event Reports (LERs) database and the IAEA International Reporting System (IRS) database are screened for the relevant events registered in period 1990 to 2013. In total, 228 relevant events were identified in the IRSN database, 190 in GRS, 120 in LER and 52 in IRS. The data include events registered both during the critical (at power) and shutdown operation of the plants. The identified events were classified considering nine different categories. In the three databases (SAPIDE, VERA, IAEA-IRS) the largest numbers of events are registered for the plant centered category. The largest number of the events in the NRC-LER database is found for switchyard centered events. According to the mode of operation, most events were reported during critical power operation, in all four databases. The “Partial loss of external power” events are the most frequent type of event found in the IRSN and NRC databases while the “Physical loss of electrical busbars” is the main type in the GRS and IAEA databases. The largest number of events in all databases is identified for the switchyard failures followed by the interconnections failures (both lines and transformers). Mainly LOOP event are identified by the fault report in the control room. Electrical deficiency is detected as the main direct cause of events. Environment is registered as the main contributor for the electrical grid deficiency in the French and NRC databases. Electrical failures are dominant contributor to the electrical grid deficiency in the German and IAEA databases. The principal root cause for the LOOP events are human failures with the human errors during test, inspection and maintenance as the largest sub-group. The largest number of the LOOP events resulted in reactor trip followed by the Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) start. The majority of the reported LOOP events lasted for more than 2 minutes. Main lessons learned from the analysed events and potential actions for decrease of the number of LOOP events are presented.
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Ferrari, Mario L., Matteo Pascenti, Loredana Magistri, and Aristide F. Massardo. "A Micro Gas Turbine Based Test Rig for Educational Purposes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59138.

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The Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) of the University of Genoa, Italy, has developed a new “Gas Turbine” laboratory to introduce undergraduate students to Gas Turbines and Innovative Cycles course, and Ph.D.s to advanced experimental activities in the same field. In the laboratory a general-purpose experimental rig, based on a modified commercial 100 kW recuperated micro gas turbine, was installed and fully instrumented. One of the main objectives of the laboratory is to provide both students and researchers with several experimental possibilities to obtain data related to the gas turbine steady-state, transient and dynamic performance including the effect of interaction between the turbomachines (especially the compressor) and more complex innovative gas turbine cycle configurations, such as recuperated, humid air, and hybrid (with high temperature fuel cells). The facility was partially funded by two Integrated Projects of the EU VI Framework Program (Felicitas and Large-SOFC) and the Italian Government (PRIN project) and it was designed with a high flexibility approach including: flow control management, co-generative and tri-generative applications, downstream compressor volume variation, grid-connected or stand-alone operations, recuperated or simple cycles, and room temperature control. The layout of the whole system, including connection pipes, valves, and instrumentation (in particular mass flow meter locations) was carefully designed, for educational purposes, by a group of Ph.D. students using CFD tools (Fluent), and it is presented in detail in this paper. The paper also shows, as an example of the possibilities offered by the rig, experimental data obtained by both Master and Ph.D. students. The tests presented here are essential for understanding commercial microturbine performance, control strategy development, and theoretical model validation.
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F. do Nascimento, Thiago, Luciano S. Barros, and Flavio B. Costa. "Parameters Design and Performance Analysis for Grid-tied VSG-Controlled Converters." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1427.

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Because of the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) systems based on renewable energy sources (RES), it is necessary to develop control techniques for improving support to grid frequency and voltage from this kind of generation. Among the solutions proposed in the literature, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) concept has proven to be an attractive solution to interconnect DG units to the power grid. However, the dynamic behavior of the VSG has not yet been discussed for cases in which line impedance parameters varies in relation to their rated values. To evaluate this issue, in this work a dynamic model of VSG power flow has been derived and its dynamic characteristics discussed. Based on this model, the parameters for VSG controllers are designed by using root-locus method (RLM) in order to realize desired dynamic performance. Then the VSG dynamic performance under line impedance variation eect is assessed. Finally, simulation results demonstrated theoretical analysis and parameters design method.
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Koshy, Thomas. "A Retrospective Look on Plant Events for Evolving Expectations in Nuclear Safety." In ASME 2014 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2014-3396.

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The nuclear industry continues to rise above challenges resulting from major plant events around the world. It is important to study the significant events, and find solutions to overcome the vulnerabilities identified, and retain the lessons while technology evolves to the next generation of SMRs. The plant events discussed are from Light Water reactors (LWRs) but he derived lessons could apply to LWR–SMRs and it could be extrapolated for other designs. The historical lessons on Station-Black-Out needs to be re-examined further in a new dimension in the light of “Fukushima type” events where AC & DC power was lost to the entire station from a common cause and the recovery in a reasonable period was not practical. The SMRs are specially considered for smaller grid size and for remote locations where a large reactor is unsuitable. The specific advantages for SMRs are its smaller foot print, modular type construction and flexibility for incremental units to meet rising demand in power. These features are very attractive to countries with small grids and for countries that are in the early stages of nuclear power technology development. In anticipation of these opportunities, when we launch into new technology of evolutionary and revolutionary advancements, the reactors have to be more rugged with ample diversity in critical reactor safety areas through both passive and active means to account for a conditions that may inhibit electrical energy as a source of motive power. An electrical event in Forsmark plant that propagated from an electrical switchyard resulted in two core cooling divisions disabled and consequently exacerbating the plant condition by opening the steam relief system for reactor coolant system and that significantly increased the probability for core damage. A minor spark in an electronic control system card in a US plant caused inadvertent actuation of emergency core cooling and disabled the capability of control room operators to intervene and prevent the primary cooling system from completely going water solid in the primary loop of Reactor Coolant System. A renewed assessment is needed to address the following questions for advancing reactor safety in the new evolving generation of LWR-SMR plants and to other types as applicable to preserve the historic lessons in safety. (1) Evaluate the diversity in emergency core cooling systems following loss of all AC power onsite; (2) Ensure diversity in reactor trip & depressurization; (3) Evaluate the suitability of logic/control system failure mode resulting from power supply failures in instrument channels and/or divisions, i.e. by conducting failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) for system, power supplies and component level; (4) Confirm independence in reactor trip and emergency core cooling systems for sensors, power supplies and actuation systems.
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Reports on the topic "Power grid control room"

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Jay. L51723 Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements Compressor Equipment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010419.

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Increasing legislation and public awareness of noise are intensifying the efforts of industries today to reduce the noise. The natural gas industry has proved that it is one of the industrial leaders in its awareness of noise problems and has maintained a vigorous research program in noise control for over 30 years. A noise survey can be done in several ways: point measurements, grid point methods, contour methods, scanning techniques, etc. The selection of the method depends on the accuracy required, available personnel, expertise etc. For the most accurate determination of sound power, the scanning method using sound intensity measurements is considered to be the best available in present day circumstances. This method is discussed in detail in later chapters. Point and grid point measurements are useful to determine the Sound Pressure Level, but are of limited use in quantifying the Sound Power Level of a noise source in a complex and multi-source environment such as a compressor station. Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements for Compressor Station Equipment Report documents the development of guidelines for in-situ sound power level measurements for compressor station equipment, with sample calculations. Measurement of equipment noise levels in a complex, multi-source environment is very difficult and may be accomplished by several methods. These guidelines specify the sound intensity approach that can be used in almost any field situation. The sound power guidelines described in this report specify the sound intensity approach as the primary measurement method since it can be used in almost any field situation to determine the sound power of a source. In open spaces without reflecting surfaces (except the ground plane) sound pressure measurements may give satisfactory estimates of the sound power of noise sources if background noise is low and other sources can be turned off. Inside a compressor building, the modified reverberation room approach may be allowed, but then only the total sound power can be determined unless background sources can be controlled or other sources turned off. Lastly, the standard guidelines developed were used to conduct field measurements of the sound power of four equipment noise sources including: a) turbine casing, b) turbine air inlet, c) cooler and d) exhaust stack.
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Bovell, C. R., M. G. Beck, and R. J. Carter. Nuclear power plant control room operator control and monitoring tasks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663388.

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Le Blanc, Katya, Casey Kovesdi, Rachael Hill, Zachary Spielman, Johanna Oxtstrand, and Tyson Hansen. Evaluation of Control Room Interface Designs to Support Modernization in Nuclear Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1472100.

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Lawless, M. T., K. R. Laughery, and J. J. Persenky. Using micro saint to predict performance in a nuclear power plant control room. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/108109.

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Boring, Ronald, and Jeffrey Joe. Baseline Human Factors and Ergonomics in Support of Control Room Modernization at Nuclear Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1484247.

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Le Blanc, Katya Lee, Gordon Ross Bower, Rachael Ann Hill, Zachary Alexander Spielman, and Brandon Charles Rice. Baseline Study Methodology for Future Phases of Research on Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1364477.

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SMATHERS, DOUGLAS C., and ABBAS ALI AKHIL. Operating Environment and Functional Requirements for Intelligent Distributed Control in the Electric Power Grid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/780279.

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Ronald Boring, Julius Persensky, and Kenneth Thomas. Deployment of a Full-Scope Commercial Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Simulator at the Idaho National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1027918.

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DePodesta, K., D. Birlingmair, and R. West. Innovative Distributed Power Grid Interconnection and Control Systems: Final Report, December 11, 2000 - August 30, 2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881312.

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Braarud, Per Oivind, Hakan Svengren, Thomas A. Ulrich, Ronald L. Boring, Jefferey C. Joe, and Lewis Hanes. Lessons Learned from Performing a Human Factors Engineering Validation of an Upgraded Digital Control System in a Nuclear Power Plant Control Room. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467413.

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