Journal articles: 'Power generation circuit'

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Sangwaranatee, N., T. Wongkampha, E. Kaseam, N. W. Sangwaranatee, and W. Mekhum. "Temperature Difference of Thermoelectric Module on PIC-Microcontroller." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.417.

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This research is the study of electric power generated by the temperature difference below 100 °C of thermoelectric effect (cooling devices), which gets power from direct current and the electromotive force from thermoelectric module. In this research, a testing kit was designed to collect the output of temperature difference on the thermoelectric device, and compared the level of electric power of various modules in 2 different circuits; series and parallel. The result of the study showed that the higher differential temperature increased the value of electricity generation. Also, the electrical connection of thermoelectric module had an effect on power generating. When using 2 modules for each circuit, the series circuit generated more power than the parallel circuit.

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Xiang-jie, Niu, and Li Hua. "Lower Power Design for UHF RF CMOS Circuits Based on the Power Consumption Acuity." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/512398.

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Excessive energy consumption of UHF tag is the bottleneck of energy saving in its wide range of applications. To address this issue, a lower power design for UHF RF CMOS circuits based on power consumption acuity is proposed in this paper. Through in-depth analysis of the static and dynamic power generation principle of UHF RF circuits in the work, the power consumption acuity can be calculated by using the correlation of circuit power and input vector. Subsequently, under the guide of this acuity, the UHF RF CMOS circuits with better energy saving can be designed. Furthermore, according to the performance indicators of EPC CIG2 UHF RFID in UHF identification, the corresponding circuit is designed and implemented. The test results show that the design of UHF RF circuit based on the acuity of power consumption can reduce 35%–40% power consumption.

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Begam, V. M. Thoulath, and S. Baulkani. "Ring Counter Based ATPG for Low Transition Test Pattern Generation." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/729165.

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In test mode test patterns are applied in random fashion to the circuit under circuit. This increases switching transition between the consecutive test patterns and thereby increases dynamic power dissipation. The proposed ring counter based ATPG reduces vertical switching transitions by inserting test vectors only between the less correlative test patterns. This paper presents the RC-ATPG with an external circuit. The external circuit consists of XOR gates, full adders, and multiplexers. First the total number of transitions between the consecutive test patterns is determined. If it is more, then the external circuit generates and inserts test vectors in between the two test patterns. Test vector insertion increases the correlation between the test patterns and reduces dynamic power dissipation. The results prove that the test patterns generated by the proposed ATPG have fewer transitions than the conventional ATPG. Experimental results based on ISCAS’85 and ISCAS’89 benchmark circuits show 38.5% reduction in the average power and 50% reduction in the peak power attained during testing with a small size decoding logic.

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Zeng, Xian Tao, and Qian Hua Ren. "Power Generation System by Vehicle on the Downhill of Expressway." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1361.

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In this paper, a method of magnetoelectricity power generation system for vehicle on the downhill of expressways is proposed. This system is a clean energy system that can be reused. Its structure includes car magnetic poles, magnetic poles imbedded in road surface, closed circuit imbedded in road surface, rectifier, inverter and storage battery. Multi-unit magnetic poles and closed circuits imbedded in the road surface are used in this invention, so when the car poles move with the running down of cars on downhill, magnetic flow in closed circuits will change to produce a technique of group control power generation. From the simulated system in the test, it can be seen that it is efficient and effective in generating power.

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Sakano, Takumi, Zhen Qiang Song, Kazuhiro Ohyama, Shijie Zhu, Mikio Waki, and Seiki A. Chiba. "Simulation of a Self-Excited Power Generation System for Dielectric Elastomer Generation." Key Engineering Materials 804 (May 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.804.41.

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In recent years, global warming is a serious international problem. We focused on dielectric elastomer power generation to solve the problem. The dielectric elastomer generation has characteristics such as compactness and flexibility. The dielectric elastomer generation can harvest electric energy from renewable energy sources such as sea wave, wind, and human motion. However, the dielectric elastomer generation has a weakness dependent on an external power supply. In this paper, we proposed a self-excited dielectric elastomer generation circuit using piezoelectric elements. As a circuit verification method, circuit simulations are performed using MATLAB / Simulink, and the circuit behavior is confirmed from the results. From results, it is considered that dielectric elastomer generation can be performed without using the external power supply.

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Weikle, R. M., T. W. Crowe, and E. L. Kollberg. "Multiplier and Harmonic Generator Technologies for Terahertz Applications." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 13, no. 02 (June 2003): 429–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915640300179x.

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Harmonic generation based on frequency multipliers has proven to be the most successful and widely used solid-state technology for generating power at submillimeter wavelengths. Over the last several years, the development of new device technologies, implementation of innovative circuits, and application of advanced integrated-circuit processing techniques to frequency multiplier design have resulted in unprecedented levels of performance throughout the submillimeter-wave frequency band. This paper reviews the technological innovations, device options, circuit architectures, and fabrication technologies that have made harmonic generation such a successful approach to source development in the submillimeter spectrum.

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Sekiguchi, Takaya, and Toshihisa Shimizu. "Study on Photovoltaic Power Generation System with Power Decoupling Type Generation Control Circuit." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 139, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.139.761.

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Pan, Zhong Liang, and Ling Chen. "Low Power Test Pattern Design for VLSI Circuits Using Incorporate Pseudorandom and Deterministic Approach." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.229.

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The circuits should be tested extensively during the production process, the power consumption in a circuit during test mode can be higher than that the consumption during normal operation mode. The circuits are usually designed for normal operation mode, which makes it important to consider power consumption during test mode, otherwise the higher power consumption during test mode may cause the circuits being damaged. In this paper, a new approach for the test pattern design of VLSI circuits is presented, the approach defines the weight values of primary inputs of circuits, makes use of both circuit structure information and pseudorandom test generation to produce the test patterns, such that the circuit has lower power consumption when the test patterns are applied to the circuit primary inputs. The experimental results show the approach in this paper can get significant power consumption reduction compared with conventional random test algorithm.

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LEHMANN, TORSTEN, HOSUNG CHUN, and YUANYUAN YANG. "POWER SAVING CIRCUIT DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR IMPLANTABLE NEURO-STIMULATORS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 06 (October 2012): 1240016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612400166.

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Keeping power consumption low in implantable neuro-stimulators such as Cochlear Implants or Vision Prostheses is one of the major design challenges in their circuit design. Usually electrode impedance and stimulation currents required to elicit physiological responses mandates the use of large stimulation voltages, again dictating the use of high-voltage integrated circuit technologies. Power consumption in the stimulating circuits and associated supply generation circuits are the major contributors to overall system power dissipation. In this paper we present circuit design techniques that address power consumption in both stimulating circuits and power supply circuits. First, our power supply design approach is to recycle currents between the two low-voltage power supply needed for the stimulating circuits, whereby power consumption in these circuits can be close to halved. Second, our stimulating circuits design approach is to use very small quiescent currents, fast turn-on time and pre-stimulating dynamic calibration which allow the delivery of charge balanced bi-phasic stimulation pulses with very good power efficiency. A variation of this include passive charge recovery for further power reduction. In combination, significant implant power consumption reduction is achieved.

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Kumar Motamarri, Hemanth, and B. Leela Kumari. "On-chip Generation of Functional Tests with Reduced Delay and Power." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i1.570.

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This paper describes different methods on-chip test generation method for functional tests. The hardware was based on application of primary input sequences in order to allow the circuit to produce reachable states. Random primary input sequences were modeled to avoid repeated synchronization and thus yields varied sets of reachable states by implementing a decoder in between circuit and LFSR. The on-chip generation of functional tests require simple hardware and achieved high transition fault coverage for testable circuits. Further, power and delay can be reduced by using Bit Swapping LFSR (BS-LFSR). This technique yields less number of transitions for all pattern generation. Bit-swapping (BS) technique is less complex and more reliable to hardware miscommunications.

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Wang, Yi, and Gui Juan Xu. "Pattern Generation Research of BIST Based on Low Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.701.

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In this paper, a new BIST structure is presented, which is generated by the LFSR modified. There is no redundant single input jump test incentive, all possible test vector combinations are covered, the testing power is reduced. Moreover, the testing time do not increase and fault-coverage rate won't be affected. Experiment results on the integrated circuit 74HC42 show that the switching activity reduction can be achieved up to 64% while achieving high fault coverage, especially suitable for BIST of Integrated circuits.

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Goh, Hui Hwang, Sy yi Sim, Nur Iskandar Bin Hamzah, Sulaiman bin Mazlan, Chin Wan Ling, Qing Shi Chua, and Kai Chen Goh. "Types of Circuit Breaker and its Application in Substation Protection." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp213-220.

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Power system consists of the generation, transmission, distribution, and substation. All the power system component requires suitable protection devices as the protection system to protect the system during fault occur. In this paper, the circuit breaker has been selected as one of the protection devices in several applications. The types of circuit breaker that has been reviewed in this paper are oil circuit breaker (OCB), air circuit breaker (ACB), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker, and DC breaker which are hybrid DC breaker and solid-state DC breaker. Normally, the systems or the circuits disrupted or damaged by the fault. To implement the protection system in the system or circuit, the type of faults and cause of faults should be known to overcome the fault. To provide the suitable voltage for the consumer, the substation is needed to control the voltage transmitted at high voltage from the generating station. Protection system is also required in a substation.

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Yan, K., H. W. M. Smulders, P. A. A. F. Wouters, S. Kapora, S. A. Nair, E. J. M. van Heesch, P. C. T. van der Laan, and A. J. M. Pemen. "A novel circuit topology for pulsed power generation." Journal of Electrostatics 58, no. 3-4 (June 2003): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3886(03)00050-0.

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Zhongliang, Pan, Chen Ling, and Chen Yihui. "Test Pattern Generation with Low Power for Delay Faults in Digital Circuits by Evolution Method with Hybrid Strategies." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (September 16, 2014): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010077.

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The high power consumption during circuit test process can produce unwanted failures or take effects on circuit reliability, therefore the reduction of both peak power and average power of circuit test is necessary. A test pattern generation approach is presented in this paper for the delay faults in digital circuits, the approach makes use of the evolution method with the hybrid strategies to produce the test vectors with low power consumption. First of all, a pair of vectors that may detect a delay fault is coded as an individual. A lot of individuals constitute the populations. Secondly, the test vectors with low power are produced by the evolution of these populations. Many new individuals are randomly produced and are added into every evolution step, and the mutation mode of individuals is related to other individuals in the current population. A lot of experimental results show that the test vectors with low power for the delay faults in digital circuits can be produced by the approach proposed in this paper, and the approach can get the large reduction of power consumption when compared with random test generation algorithm.

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Geng, Wei Dong, Hao Yang Fan, Zu Jun Sun, Yan Yan Liu, Kai Zhou, Hao Ran Yang, and Xiao Peng Li. "Modular Design of Control System for Photovoltaic Inverter." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.156.

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This paper analyzes the modular design method of the photovoltaic power generation system and presents a 5KW solar power inverter with variety of operating modes. Depending on the signal interface model, the hardware circuit is divided into several modules, including DC-DC main power circuit, DC-DC control circuit, DC-AC main power circuit, DC-AC control circuit and auxiliary power supply module. The circuit detail design is given and this system has been already used in the solar power stations. The circuit has a reusable and beneficial photovoltaic inverter standardized design. The experiment results prove that this system has features of reliability, easy maintenance, strong scalability and meets the requirements of the solar-energy generation system.

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Cai, Wen Bin, Kang Du, Xing Peng, and Hua Yang Liu. "Study on Pumping Units with Wind Power Generation Complementary Power Supply System." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.479.

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The wind power generation pumping unit has environmental protection and the energy-saving function with wind power generation complementary power supply system. Based on the calculation of the pumping power consumption during the oil production, the essential wind-power generation electric quantity for pumping equipment runs stable was analyzed, wind-electricity and electric network complementary energy transmission and control circuit were designed, When the wind speed changes, by the energy transmission and control circuit related parameters and taking the historical meteorological statistics of the corresponding period as the comparison reference, the system can control wind power generation and the battery charge and discharge flexibly to ensure the equipment runs stable, which lays a firm foundation for the wide application of the off-grid wind power. The economic analysis shows that the wind-electricity and electric network complementary pumping machine has good economic efficiency and application prospect in oilfield.

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Xu, Yan, Qin Cheng Yuan, Xiao Yun Huang, and Lan Jiang. "Research on the Network Based Protection to Settle the Distribution Networks Three-Phase Short-Circuit Faults with Distributed Generators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1457.

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A model is established to research on the applicability of network protection in theory. In this model, distributed power generation with constant power (PQ) control mode which is equivalent to a voltage control current source is taken as the research object. Fault ride-through control theory is used to analyze the influence on the network protection exerted by three-phase short-circuit fault. In this paper, the equivalent model of the distributed generation is offered firstly. Then the three-phase short-circuit fault characteristics are illustrated based on the equations of the access points voltage and the distributed generations current. In the end, a simulation model is built to verify that the network protection can be applied to settle the three-phase short-circuit fault in the distributed network with distributed generation.

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Varaprasad, B. K. S. V. L., L. M. Patnaik, H. S. Jamadagni, and V. K. Agrawal. "An Efficient Test Pattern Generation Scheme for an On Chip BIST." VLSI Design 12, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/45324.

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Testing and power consumption are becoming two critical issues in VLSI design due to the growing complexity of VLSI circuits and remarkable success and growth of low power applications (viz. portable consumer electronics and space applications). On chip Built In Self Test (BIST) is a cost-effective test methodology for highly complex VLSI devices like Systems On Chip. This paper deals with cost-effective Test Pattern Generation (TPG) schemes in BIST. We present a novel methodology based on the use of a suitable Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) which cycles through the required sequences (test vectors) aiming at a desired fault coverage causing minimum circuit toggling and hence low power consumption while testing. The proposed technique uses circuit simulation data for modeling. We show how to identify the LFSR using graph theory techniques and compute its feedback coefficients (i.e., its characteristic polynomial) for realization of a Test Pattern Generator.

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Murao, Kenji, and Tohru Kohda. "Switched capacitor circuit for 1/f noise generation using a power-law circuit." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 22, no. 3 (May 1994): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.4490220305.

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Rocha, Leandro Mateus Giacomini, Guilherme Paim, Gustavo Madeira Santana, Eduardo Antônio César da Costa, and Sergio Bampi. "Framework-based Arithmetic Datapath Generation to Explore Parallel Binary Multipliers." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 15, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v15i3.91.

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Arithmetic modules usually have a significant impact on performance, circuit area, energy, and power in digital circuits of DSP (Digital Signal Processing). Exploring implementation trade-offs in these circuits is of utmost importance in low-power and low-cost devices such as sensors in IoT devices which often have stringent requirements. Multipliers are of particular concern due to their ubiquitous use in DSP algorithms and their inherent implementation complexity. This work proposes a framework to efficiently generalize and explore different compositions of arithmetic operators with an emphasis on parallel binary multipliers, guiding the designer through the micro-architecture development. Several partial product encoders were combined with multiple compression trees to generate multipliers that were synthesized in a commercial 65 nm to obtain area, power, and timing results.

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Zhang, Li, Xiao Ming Wang, and Can Li. "Design of Direct-Driven Type Wind Power Generation Experimental Platform System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.483.

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Although the world wind generation capacity is in constant growth, the technology of wind generation is not perfect. Therefore, the research on wind power technology research is very neces-sary .Research on the design scheme of test platform of hardware, design wind turbine simulator, the power electronic converter device, platform detection circuit, drive circuit and control circuit and other parts, and build the direct-driven type of wind generation experimental platform. It by the generator commissioning, the analysis result has demonstrated that the design of the system is rational.

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Yang, Shan, and Xiangqian Tong. "Integrated Power Flow and Short Circuit Calculation Method for Distribution Network with Inverter Based Distributed Generation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9404951.

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Power flow calculation and short circuit calculation are the basis of theoretical research for distribution network with inverter based distributed generation. The similarity of equivalent model for inverter based distributed generation during normal and fault conditions of distribution network and the differences between power flow and short circuit calculation are analyzed in this paper. Then an integrated power flow and short circuit calculation method for distribution network with inverter based distributed generation is proposed. The proposed method let the inverter based distributed generation be equivalent toIθbus, which makes it suitable to calculate the power flow of distribution network with a current limited inverter based distributed generation. And the low voltage ride through capability of inverter based distributed generation can be considered as well in this paper. Finally, some tests of power flow and short circuit current calculation are performed on a 33-bus distribution network. The calculated results from the proposed method in this paper are contrasted with those by the traditional method and the simulation method, whose results have verified the effectiveness of the integrated method suggested in this paper.

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Yan, Yu Ting, Yang Yang, Jia Quan Yang, and Wen Bin Zhang. "Modeling and Simulation of MPPT Algorithm for PV Grid-Connected System." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2880.

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This paper presents an equivalent circuit model of photovoltaic cells, and then discusses the photovoltaic (PV) grid power generation system in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control principle of the boost circuit. The MATLAB/Simulink software was used to model and simulate MPPT verification of the system. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the control Strategy. As a conlusion, potential solution to MPPT The BOOST circuit adopts the MPPT control in photovoltaic power generation system, not only can improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells, and thus improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation systems.

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Tan, Aaron, Rui Toh, Alfred Lim, Yongfu Li, and Zhi Kong. "A Simplified Methodology to Evaluate Circuit Complexity: Doherty Power Amplifier as a Case Study." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030313.

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This paper analyzes the circuit complexity using Doherty power amplifier (DPA) as a case study and proposes a simplistic model to characterize the design complexity of a DPA circuit. Various fundamental building blocks of the DPA circuit are discussed and modeled to formulate the model. In one of our experiments, it is observed that a reduction of up to 400% in the normalized complexity factor (NCF) could enhance the gain performance by approximately up to 40% for UHF applications. This work can be used as a common benchmarking tool to compare various types of DPA architecture and allow design teams to optimize their building blocks in the DPA circuit. This model can also potentially become a platform for the improvement of many integrated circuit design components, allowing ready integration on a wide range of next generation applications, not only limited to DPA circuits.

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Nurcahyadi, Made Benny, I. Wayan Rinas, and A. A. Gede Maharta Pemayun. "ANALISIS SISTEM PENGAMAN ARUS LEBIH PADA PENYULANG ABANG DENGAN BEROPERASINYA PLTS PADA SALURAN DISTRIBUSI TEGANGAN LISTRIK 20 KV DI KARANGASEM." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 16, no. 1 (July 25, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.1601.09.

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Abstract? Feeder Abang is one of the feeders in Bali which is a source of electrical energy coming from the substation Amlapura. Connection of new power generation units to the distribution network can increase the short-circuit current in the event of interference on the channel. Simulation of short circuit at the ETAP program is done with two simulations are simulated short circuit without the operation and after the operation of solar power generation. The results of the analysis of short circuit without the operation of the solar power generation obtained short-circuit current is greatest at point 1 B217 bus at 1026 and 1224 A with the operation of the solar power generation. Without the operation of solar power generation the smallest short-circuit current at the point 5, namely the B366 bus of 792 A and 882 A with the operation of the solar power generation. Increased short circuit resulted in changes in working time of relays at five points by interference from 0.123 to 0.131 seconds without the operation of solar power, while the operation of the solar power generation, working time of relay changes into 0.117 to 0.127 secondsKeyword : solar power generation, short-circuit, relay Intisari? Penyulang Abang merupakan salah satu penyulang di pulau Bali yang sumber energi listriknya berasal dari Gardu Induk Amlapura. Penyambungan unit pembangkit listrik yang baru ke jaringan distribusi dapat meningkatkan arus hubung singkat apabila terjadi gangguan pada saluran. Simulasi gangguan hubung singkat pada program ETAP dilakukan dengan dua simulasi yaitu simulasi gangguan hubung singkat tanpa beroperasinya PLTS dan setelah beroperasinya PLTS. Hasil analisis gangguan hubung singkat tanpa beroperasinya PLTS didapat arus hubung singkat terbesar pada titik 1 yaitu bus B217 sebesar 1026 dan 1224 A dengan beroperasinya PLTS. Tanpa beroperasinya PLTS arus hubung singkat terkecil pada titik 5 yaitu pada bus B366 sebesar 792 A dan 882 A dengan beroperasinya PLTS. Peningkatan arus hubung singkat mengakibatkan perubahan waktu kerja dari rele di lima titik gangguan sebesar 0,123 - 0,131 detik dengan kondisi tanpa PLTS, sedangkan dengan beroperasinya PLTS perubahan waktu kerja rele yaitu 0,117 – 0,127 detik.Kata Kunci : PLTS, Hubung Singkat, ReleDOI: 10.24843/MITE.1601.09

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Li, Ma Li, and Xia Jia Kuan. "Parallel Resonant DC Link Inverter for Thermoacoustic Power Generation." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010379.

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A new parallel resonant soft-switching DC link inverter which can deal with the output power from thermoacoustic energy generation system is proposed. Auxiliary resonant unit is added to DC link to make DC bus voltage decreased to zero periodically, which realized all switches with zero voltage operation of in the inverter. The time of the duration for the DC bus zero voltage has nothing to do with the load current. The same bridge arm in the inverter is not made instantaneous short circuit and controlled reliably. Random duration of zero voltage was obtained through the on-off instant control of the auxiliary switch. Various flexible pulse width modulation strategies can be applied in the softswitching inverter. The topology structure is put forward and the circuit working principle is analyzed in this paper. The equivalent different working modes are analyzed and the mathematical equations are given. The principle of parameter design is put forward according to the circuit structure. The experiment is carried out and through it the validity and correctness of the theoretical analysis is proved.

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Li, K., and H. X. Cheng. "Maximum power point tracking control of photovoltaic power generation based on boost circuit." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 354 (October 25, 2019): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/354/1/012080.

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Alibeigi, Iman, Abdolah Amirany, Ramin Rajaei, Mahmoud Tabandeh, and Saeed Bagheri Shouraki. "A Low-Cost Highly Reliable Spintronic True Random Number Generator Circuit for Secure Cryptography." SPIN 10, no. 01 (December 23, 2019): 2050003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324720500034.

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Generation of random numbers is one of the most important steps in cryptographic algorithms. High endurance, high performance and low energy consumption are the attractive features offered by the Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) devices. Therefore, they have been considered as one of the promising candidates for next-generation digital integrated circuits. In this paper, a new circuit design for true random number generation using MTJs is proposed. Our proposed circuit offers a high speed, low power and a truly random number generation. In our design, we employed two MTJs that are configured in special states. Generated random bit at the output of the proposed circuit is returned to the write circuit to be written in the relevant cell for the next random generation. In a random bitstream, all bits must have the same chance of being “0”or “1”. We have proposed a new XOR-based method in this paper to resolve this issue in multiple random generators that produce truly random numbers with a different number of ones and zeros in the output stream. The simulation results using a 45[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology with a special model of MTJ validated the advantages offered by the proposed circuit.

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Baharom, Rahimi, Nor Farahaida Abdul Rahman, Muhamad Nabil Hidayat, Khairul Safuan Muhammad, Mohammad Nawawi Seroji, and Nor Zaihar Yahaya. "A new gate drive for a single-phase matrix converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp823-826.

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This paper presents the new generation of advanced gate driver circuit based on IR2110 device for a Single-Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) circuit topology that uses MOSFETs or IGBTs switches. The new generation of gate drive circuit uses less number of components, since a single IR2110 device can drive two power switches, thus reduce power losses and minimize the complexity of conventional circuit. An additional isolation of the upper and lower sides of IR2110 device features additional protection to the proposed gate drive system. As a result, the proposed gate drive circuit just uses four IR2110 gate drives in order to control eight switches of SPMC circuit, thus, solve the conventional bulky gate drive circuit problem in SPMCs operation. This is in line with the international power electronic technology road-maps to reduce losses, cost, volume, therefore to raise up the power density of power electronics converters. Validation have been done through the experimental test-rig. As a result, such new theoretical enhancements can be used as a novel foundation of future high power density of SPMC circuit topology and in-line with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) which were characterized mainly by advances in technology

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Yu, Liu. "Circuit Design of Electronic Igniter of MCU Used in Biogas Power Generation." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1775.

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According to the technical requirement of biogas power generation system, introducing the working principle of electronic igniter which is controlled by MCU; Designing and developing the electronic igniter which used STC 89 C-52 RC MCU as the core;Having completed the hardware circuit designs of power supply module, main control module and ignition module of electronic igniter. After testing the signal of circuit, it meets the technical requirements of biogas power generation system.

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Wang, He Bin, Zhong Ning Guo, Hong Ping Luo, Jin Fei Liang, and Zi Ping Han. "The Development of Nanosecond Pulse Power Supply of Electrochemical Micromachining." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1799.

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This paper makes some research on designing and manufacturing a nanosecond pulse power supply of electrochemical micromachining, including DC power supply, waveform generation circuit, rectifier and filter circuit，power amplification and rapid protection circuit. This power supply can generate 5MHz maximum frequency and square wave of 100ns pulse width, stably. The voltage ranges from 0V to 10V, and duty ratio ranges from 0.1 to 0.5, continuously.

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32

Davenport, Sally, and Shirley Leitch. "Circuits of Power in Practice: Strategic Ambiguity as Delegation of Authority." Organization Studies 26, no. 11 (November 2005): 1603–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840605054627.

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Most power relationships between organizations and stakeholders are episodic circuits of power whereby resource dependence is exacerbated by prohibitive rules. Such relationships are usually constraining rather than empowering and generate resistance and reluctant compliance rather than co-operation and creativity. Clegg's (1989) concept of facilitative circuits of power, however, suggests that some power relationships, particular where high amounts of discretion are delegated, can result in innovation by stakeholders. Public sector agencies have multiple and diverse external stakeholder groups that they need to influence in order to implement their strategies. In this paper, we explore a facilitative circuit of power using a case study of a public sector research funding organization that employed strategic ambiguity to delegate considerable authority to stakeholders, stimulating a variety of creative responses during a period of major system restructuring. Risks associated with such a practice include the generation of active and passive resistance as well as a propensity for the system to revert to an episodic power circuit over time. Despite these risks, we propose that the deployment of strategic ambiguity is a previously unrecognized mode of high discretionary strategic agency in authority delegation that can generate creative responses on the part of stakeholders within a facilitative circuit of power.

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Rosas, Gracita, Elizete Lourenço, Djalma Falcão, and Thelma Fernandes. "An Expeditious Methodology to Assess the Effects of Intermittent Generation on Power Systems." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 23, 2019): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061135.

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This paper proposes an expeditious methodology that provides hourly assessments of the effect of intermittent wind and solar power generation on the electrical quantities characterizing power systems. Currents are measured via circuit breakers to confirm the correct sizing of devices based on their rated currents. Nodal voltage magnitudes are assessed for compliance with limits imposed by regulatory authorities, whereas the active power produced by hydroelectrical generators is assessed for reserve energy. The proposed methodology leverages a fuzzy extended deterministic optimal power flow that uses in power balance equations the average hourly values of active power generated by wind and solar sources as well as hourly energy load. The power grid is modeled at the substation level to directly obtain power flow through circuit breakers. Uncertainties in power system electrical quantities are assessed for an optimal solution using a Taylor series associated with deviations from the average values of the active power produced by the wind and solar sources. These deviations are represented using a fuzzy triangular model reflecting the approximations of the probability density functions of these powers. The methodology takes into account a subjective investigation that focuses on the qualitative characteristic of these energy sources’ behaviors.

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MANHAS, PARSHOTAM S., and K. PAL. "REALIZATION OF LOW-VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE CURRENT CONVEYOR." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 04 (June 2012): 1250031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500314.

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This paper presents floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS)-based second generation differential voltage current conveyor (DVCCII) at low voltage levels. In analog circuit design, the FGMOS transistors are very often used in low voltage circuits, where the reduction obtained in the transistor apparent threshold voltage is of great importance. The given circuit provides very high input impedance at its Y-terminals, low output impedance at X-terminal and high impedance at Z-terminals and consumes less power. This circuit is a powerful building block, especially for applications demanding differential or floating inputs. The circuit behavior has been verified using PSpice simulations for 0.5 μm technology and indicates the excellent performance.

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Wang, Qing, Tian Ying Li, Ying Chen, Xin Xiu Xie, and Ao Pan. "Design of micro solar power generation system." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802063.

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In this paper, the authors put forward a design of solar power generation system, mainly due to the authors in the daily learning process often need stability of 5 v DC regulated power supply. The system mainly include solar panels, solar charge controller (i.e., can realize the overcharge, discharge, overvoltage, undervoltage control functions), lithium batteries, DC DC booster module and load equipment. The authors determine the hardware circuit selection through reasonable analysis and calculation. Finally, the stability and reliability of the designed micro solar power generation system were verified by experiments, which meet the expected goals and requirements of the authors.

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Wang, Peng, Ze Ting Wang, Sheng Wen Fan, Chun Xue Wen, Hai Feng Zhang, and Hong Zhi Chen. "High-Performance Power-Driven Design of the Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Wind Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.171.

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This paper describes a high-performance power-driven design of the permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine. The converter power circuit is designed by AN8026,and the converter drive circuit is designed by HCPL316J,then draw the PCB using the design software Altium Designer Summer 09,create and debug prototype. the final experiment verify that the soft switching power supply can improve the efficiency of the power based on the AN8026,and the drive circuit can increase the reliability of the power module drive based on HCPL316J,so the security and reliable operation of the entire wind power generation system is guaranteed,the switching power supply and drive is especially suitable for the converter hardware system design requirements of the small and medium-sized wind power generation system.

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Fang, Zi Fan, Zhen Hao Ma, Jing Fang, Shu Gao, and Kong De He. "Research and Development of Multi Section Floating Mechanical Wave Energy Power Generation Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.711.

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In order to study the principle of wave power generation, a multi section floating mechanical wave energy power generation device and a rectifier voltage regulator circuit are designed. The device consists of multi cylinder buoys, direction changing and speed-up mechanism, generator, rectifier voltage regulator circuit and other components. According to the certain regulation of wave movement, the structure and parameters of the wave energy capture device are designed; based on the movement characteristics of wave energy capture device, the direction changing and speed-up mechanism is designed, including crank-rocker mechanism and gear mechanism. The rectifier voltage regulator circuit is designed by the law of generator output. The experiment research shows that the efficiency of wave energy power generation device is up to 45.8% under the condition of prescribed test wave.

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Grebchenko, N. V., and Y. V. Yeromenko. "FAST ADAPTIVE PROTECTION AGAINST SHORT CIRCUITS IN MICROGRID ELECTRIC NETWORKS WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2021, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2021.01.057.

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Protection against short circuits in microgrid networks with distributed generation is proposed, in which the power of the power sources and loads are constantly changing, which leads to a change in the sensitivity of relay protection. The response current of the proposed protection automatically adapts to the current value of the line operating current. The protection includes measures to block its action in the event of short-term interference in current circuits. Protection is installed on both sides of the line and protects the entire line, provides a stable mode of operation of the network due to the quick shutdown of short circuits. The algorithm of operation and the scheme for implementing protection are given. The protection operation was tested using the parameters of the real short circuit mode. References 7, figures 3.

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Yang, Xiao Jun, Ren He, Fan Wang, and Yi Zeng Feng. "Transient Electromagnetic Field Numerical Analysis of Self-Excited Retarder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.789.

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Power generation performance of a self-excited retarder determines whether the design goal of its braking torque could be achieved. The numerical analysis of transient electromagnetic field took magnetic vector potential as variable and made six reasonable assumptions to simplify calculation. Based on above, definite solution about transient electromagnetic field and the finite element received a detailed description. The external circuit and end effect of the power generation unit were taken into account so as to improve the calculation accuracy. Let the finite element equation and external circuit equation combine to form field-circuit coupled equations and then using Crank Nicolson method established its space-time discrete model. After verification by experiment, theoretical performance of the power generation unit was basically consistent to the experimental result for a 500Nm prototype. This showed that the numerical analysis as well as the model was feasible and the power generation unit could satisfy the requirement of braking unit for excitation current.

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Chang, Jiang, Yan Peng, and Xiao Jun Feng. "Small Multi-Agent Wind Solar Hybrid Power Generation System Design and Implementation." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.594.

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This paper introduces a method of design and implementation of wind-solar hybrid power generation system based on multi-agent. The paper mainly introduces the system hardware structure chart and the parameters design of Buck-Boost circuit. It also introduces the software design of wind power and solar power generation agent module and storage battery charging and discharging agent module. Finally the system wind solar hybrid switching waveforms are analyzed, the waveform analysis can show that the circuit switch is normal and work stably.

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41

Ma, Jian, Qingyu Zeng, Lijian Zhan, Jingwen Mo, Yan Zhang, and Zhonghua Ni. "Power Generation from Salinity Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Silicon Nitride Nanopores." Nano 15, no. 11 (November 2020): 2050148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020501489.

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Solid-state nanopores have shown great potential in investigating salinity gradient energy generation as a renewable power generator. In this work, various diameter silicon nitride (Si3N[Formula: see text] nanopores were fabricated to investigate the power generation between two potassium chloride solutions with different concentration gradient ratios by reverse electrodialysis. The maximal estimated power density of a Si3N4 nanopore measured experimentally can be high to 16[Formula: see text]649Wm[Formula: see text]. To compare with the single Si3N4 nanopore, multiple nanopores array has also been investigated. The equivalent circuit model of multiple Si3N4 nanopores array generator is quantitatively constructed by massive reproducible experimental data and theoretical derivation. For nanopore array, the osmotic current basically keep a linear growth with the number of the nanopores at every concentration ratio. While, the osmotic voltage is basically independent on the number of nanopore. The power generation circuit of the nanopore array can be regarded as a parallel circuit of multiple nanopores. Power generation from concentration gradients in Si3N4 nanopores could be widely used in a variety of applications like ultra-low power devices and micro-nano electromechanical systems.

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42

Sheng, Duo, Wei-Yen Chen, Hao-Ting Huang, and Li Tai. "Digitally Controlled Oscillator with High Timing Resolution and Low Complexity for Clock Generation." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041377.

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This paper presents a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with a low-complexity circuit structure that combines multiple delay circuits to achieve a high timing resolution and wide output frequency range simultaneously while also significantly reducing the overall power consumption. A 0.18 µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor standard process was used for the design, and measurements showed that the chip had a minimum controllable timing resolution of 4.81 ps and power consumption of 142 µW with an output signal of 364 MHz. When compared with other designs using advanced processes, the proposed DCO demonstrated the best power-to-frequency ratio. Therefore, it can output a signal at the required frequency more efficiently in terms of power consumption. Additionally, because the proposed DCO uses digital logic gates only, a cell-based design flow can be implemented. Hence, the proposed DCO is not only easy to implement in different processes but also easy to integrate with other digital circuits.

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43

Funahashi, Ryoji, Saori Urata, Toshiyuki Mihara, Naoki Nabeshima, and Kanako Iwasaki. "Power Generation Using Oxide Thermoelectric Modules." Advances in Science and Technology 46 (October 2006): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.46.158.

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Different versions of thermoelectric unicouples composed of p-type Ca3Co4O9 (Co-349) and n-type LaNiO3 (Ni-113) or CaMnO3 (Mn-113) bulk materials were prepared. In the unicouples p- and n-type legs were connected with Ag electrodes using Ag paste including various oxide powders with various ratios. For the Co-349/Ni-113 unicouples, maximum output power (Pmax) reaches 177mW at a hot side temperature (TH) of 1073K and a temperature differential (ΔT) between TH and cold side temperature of 500K at 6wt% of Co-349 powder. On the other hand, the lowest internal resistance (RI) is observed in a Co-349/Mn-113 unicouple prepared using Ag paste including 3wt% of Mn-113 powder. Thermoelectric modules consisting of 8 pairs of oxide legs were fabricated using the same method with the unicouples. The open circuit voltage (VO) and Pmax increase with increasing TH and reach 0.392 V and 0.314 W, and 0.911 V and 0.233 W at a TH of 1273 K in air for the Co-349/Ni-113 and Co-349/Mn-113 modules, respectively.

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Liu, Zhen-Tao, Hui-Ting Wang, Dan-Yun Li, Hao Zhou, and Zi-Han Zhou. "A Novel Micro-Pressure Power Generation System Based on Super Capacitor Energy Storage and PI Controller." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 7 (December 20, 2016): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p1051.

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A novel micro-pressure power generation system (PPG) is proposed. It mainly consists of two parts: a piezoelectric ceramic power generation device and a super capacitor energy storage module (SCESM). The SCESM is composed of a conditioning circuit and a control circuit. The control circuit has a proportional-integral (PI) controller to smooth the voltage output with pulse-width modulation. The PPG system can generate power and conserve energy as well as support renewable and low-power energy. The superiority of the PPG system is verified through simulation and actual experiments. The process of storing energy takes 572 seconds, and the maximum error of the voltage output is 5%. In future research, we will be studying conversion efficiency optimization for the proposed system, an embedded power supply for wearable devices.

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Shahparnia, Mehdi, Muthukumaran Packirisamy, Philippe Juneau, and Valter Zazubovich. "Micro photosynthetic power cell for power generation from photosynthesis of algae." TECHNOLOGY 03, no. 02n03 (June 2015): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2339547815400099.

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Devices such as solar and fuel cells have been studied for many decades and noticeable improvements have been achieved. This paper proposes a Micro Photosynthetic Power Cell (μPSC) as an alternative energy-harvesting device based on photosynthesis of blue-green algae. The effect of important biodesign parameters on the performance of the device, such as no-load performance and voltage–current (V–I) characteristics, were studied. Open-circuit voltage as high as 993 mV was measured while a peak power of 175.37 μW was obtained under an external load of 850 Ω. The proposed μPSC device could produce a power density of 36.23 μW/cm2, voltage density of 80 mV/cm2 and current density of 93.38 μA/cm2 under test conditions.

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Li, Shengshan, Ming Li, and Liangliang Liu. "Modeling and stability study of a high frequency and high efficiency photovoltaic DC boost converter." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-194056.

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Many practical photovoltaic power generation systems with higher output voltage levels rely on photovoltaic DC boost converters with high frequency and high efficiency, which performance directly affect the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation systems. This paper investigates a high-frequency and high-efficiency photovoltaic DC boost converter, which adopts the Boost full-bridge isolation circuit topology with active clamps. The conductance increment method is used as the maximum power point tracking algorithm. The small signal models of its power circuit and control circuit are established to obtain the system model and analyze its stability. The simulation results indicate that the ripple coefficient of output current is less than 3%, and the ripple coefficient of output voltage is less than 5%, which meets the stability requirements.

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Cruden, A., T. Houghton, S. Gair, M. Duerr, G. D. Agnew, E. M. Stewart, and A. Lutz. "Fuel cells as distributed generation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 222, no. 7 (October 24, 2008): 707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09576509jpe609.

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This paper presents an overview of fuel cells as a form of distributed generation within the context of a highly distributed power system, by discussing some example demonstration systems categorized by the type of primary fuel used, namely fossil fuels, hydrogen gas, or biofuels. It discusses the background to fuel cells as a stationary, grid connected, power source, briefly compared with conventional thermal electrical generation, while describing the main characteristics of their performance and an electric equivalent circuit model. Additionally, it presents a view of the current state of commercialization of fuel cell technology for stationary power applications.

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Ding, Min, Yi Tang, Weihua Cao, Zhili Tan, Qingyi Wang, and Danyun Li. "Sliding Mode MPPT Controller for Photovoltaic Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 7 (December 20, 2016): 1112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p1112.

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This study focuses on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control for photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems under partial shading conditions. A mathematic model of the partially shaded solar cell is built. Then, the output characteristics of the partial-shade array are analyzed. Based on the model of the PV battery and the concept of the average-state switch cycle, an average-state mathematical model of the PV power generation system using a boost circuit for the realization circuit is established. A sliding mode controller based on the integral sliding mode function is designed to realize MPPT in the PV power generation system. Finally, simulations in MATLAB/Simulink confirm the functionality and performance of the proposed controller.

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Tanokura, K. "Gas shortage preventive circuit for a fuel cell power generation system." Journal of Power Sources 70, no. 1 (January 30, 1998): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(97)83988-2.

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Masugata, Katsumi. "A new pulse compression circuit for low impedance pulse power generation." Review of Scientific Instruments 66, no. 12 (December 1995): 5640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146034.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Power generation circuit'

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