Journal articles on the topic 'Power-aware simulator'
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Chéour, Rym, Mohamed Wassim Jmal, Olfa Kanoun, and Mohamed Abid. "Evaluation of simulator tools and power‐aware scheduling model for wireless sensor networks." IET Computers & Digital Techniques 11, no. 5 (August 9, 2017): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cdt.2017.0003.
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Elewely, Dalia, Marwa Areed, and Hesham Ali. "A proposed routing scheme for power reduction in wireless networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3, no. 1 (December 29, 2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i1.1111.
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Ad-hoc networks consist of a set of mobile nodes with a restricted power supply resources that can communicate with each other without any established infrastructure or centralized administration. The loss of some nodes may cause significant topological changes, undermine the network operation, and affect the lifetime of the network. This paper discusses the energy consumption problem and summaries the existing power saving techniques in ad-hoc wireless networks. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new power aware multi-path node disjoint routing scheme based on the Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR), which can prolong MANETs lifetime, reduce routing delay and increase the reliability of the packets reaching its destination. Therefore, a comprehensive study of DSR protocol has been drawn using NS-2 simulator, to evaluate the performance of DSR as a routing strategy and investigate its efficiency in saving wireless networks resources, as a prelude to avoid its performance shortcomings in our proposed routing scheme. Keywords: Power aware protocol, node disjoint, network simulation 2, multipath routing, Dsr protocol, ad-hoc network.
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Dwivedi, Rajendra Kumar, and Rakesh Kumar. "An Energy and Fault Aware Mechanism of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Multiple Mobile Agents." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 11, no. 3 (July 2020): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2020070102.
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Wireless sensor networks find several applications in hard-to-reach areas. As sensors have limited battery power, many energy aware protocols based on negotiation, clustering, and agents have been developed to increase lifetime of the network. This article finds limitation with some multi-agent-based protocols as they place the sink node at the centre of the monitoring region which is quite difficult in hard-to-reach areas. Therefore, a multi-agent-based energy and fault-aware protocol for hard-to-reach territories (MAHT) is proposed which uses technique of impact factor to identify the high power capability of the central node and dynamic itinerary planning to make the protocol fault tolerant. Its agent migration technique results in improvement ofn energy efficiency, task completion time and network lifetime. MAHT is simulated using Castalia simulator and the impact of payload size, network size, node failures, etc., on various performance metrics is analysed. The proposed protocol found outperforming over the existing ones.
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Zhao, Huatao, Xiao Luo, Chen Zhu, Takahiro Watanabe, and Tianbo Zhu. "Behavior-aware cache hierarchy optimization for low-power multi-core embedded systems." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (July 27, 2017): 1740067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491740067x.
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In modern embedded systems, the increasing number of cores requires efficient cache hierarchies to ensure data throughput, but such cache hierarchies are restricted by their tumid size and interference accesses which leads to both performance degradation and wasted energy. In this paper, we firstly propose a behavior-aware cache hierarchy (BACH) which can optimally allocate the multi-level cache resources to many cores and highly improved the efficiency of cache hierarchy, resulting in low energy consumption. The BACH takes full advantage of the explored application behaviors and runtime cache resource demands as the cache allocation bases, so that we can optimally configure the cache hierarchy to meet the runtime demand. The BACH was implemented on the GEM5 simulator. The experimental results show that energy consumption of a three-level cache hierarchy can be saved from 5.29% up to 27.94% compared with other key approaches while the performance of the multi-core system even has a slight improvement counting in hardware overhead.
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Lin, Cheng-Yen, Chung-Wen Huang, Chi-Bang Kuan, Shi-Yu Huang, and Jenq-Kuen Lee. "The Design and Experiments of A SID-Based Power-Aware Simulator for Embedded Multicore Systems." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 20, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2699834.
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Rahiman, P. F. Khaleelur, and V. S. Jayanthi. "Low Power Adder Based Auditory Filter Architecture." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/709149.
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Cochlea devices are powered up with the help of batteries and they should possess long working life to avoid replacing of devices at regular interval of years. Hence the devices with low power consumptions are required. In cochlea devices there are numerous filters, each responsible for frequency variant signals, which helps in identifying speech signals of different audible range. In this paper, multiplierless lookup table (LUT) based auditory filter is implemented. Power aware adder architectures are utilized to add the output samples of the LUT, available at every clock cycle. The design is developed and modeled using Verilog HDL, simulated using Mentor Graphics Model-Sim Simulator, and synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler tool. The design was mapped to TSMC 65 nm technological node. The standard ASIC design methodology has been adapted to carry out the power analysis. The proposed FIR filter architecture has reduced the leakage power by 15% and increased its performance by 2.76%.
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Sankar, S., and P. Srinivasan. "Energy and Load Aware Routing Protocol for Internet of Things." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v7.i3.pp255-264.
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<p>Maximizing the network lifetime is one of the major challenges in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN). Routing plays a vital role in it by minimizing the energy consumption across the networks through the efficient route selection for data transfer. IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a IETF standardized IPv6 routing protocol for LLN. In this paper, we propose Energy and Load aware RPL (EL-RPL) protocol, which is an enhancement of RPL protocol. It uses a composite metric, calculated based on expected transmission count (ETX), Load and battery depletion index (BDI), for the route, selection. The COOJA simulator is used for performance evaluation. EL-RPL is compared with other similar protocols RER(BDI) RPL and fuzzy logic based RPL (OF-FL RPL). The simulation result shows that the EL-RPL improves the network lifetime by 8-12% and packet delivery ratio 2-4%.</p>
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Sankar, S., Ramasubbareddy Somula, R. Lakshmana Kumar, P. Srinivasan, and M. Amala Jayanthi. "Trust-Aware Routing Framework for Internet of Things." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.2021010104.
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Establishing security in internet of things (IoT) is a critical challenge, as it is connected to the network's extremely resource-constrained devices. The RPL is a standard routing protocol for IoT. It is well-suited for low power and lossy networks (LLN). The RPL provides little security in the IoT network against various attacks. However, one needs to strengthen the security concern in RPL. So, this paper proposes a trust-aware, energy-based reliable routing (TAER-RPL) for IoT to enhance security among network nodes. The TAER-RPL is taken into account the routing metrics, namely trust, ETX, RER to pick the optimal parent for data transmission. The simulation is conducted in COOJA simulator. TAER-RPL's efficiency is compared with SecTrust-RPL and RPL. The TAER-RPL increases the lifespan of the network by 15%.
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Sharad, Er, Savita Shiwani, and Manish Suroliya. "Energy aware approach for security and power optimization in advance wireless networks of internet of things (IoT)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.4 (March 10, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.4.10038.
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In the recent years, the advance wireless networks and Internet of Things (IoT) are becoming very prominent in assorted domains. In the traffic system, the problem of congestion control is very common, and it is classically handled by the global positioning systems by the drivers as well as traffic administrative authorities. But as the traffic density is increasing day by day, it is becoming difficult to handle and view all the possibilities in the prospective traffic area where the driver is willing to move. Moreover, the problem of security and integrity is also increasing rapidly as there are number of attacks in VANET and GPS systems being used by the crackers by sending the malicious code or fake packets. Ubiquitous computing is one of the recent technologies that is in the phase of implementation under Internet of Things (IoT). In this research manuscript, the approach to integrate the dynamic key exchange with the Elephant Herd Optimization (EHO) is presented to achieve the higher degree of energy optimization and overall lifetime of the network communication. The key concept of the cluster head shuffling using EHO and inner modules of key exchange are simulated in Contiki-Cooja that is open source simulator for advance wireless networks.
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Asokan, R., A. M. Natarajan, and C. Venkatesh. "Quality-of-Service Routing Using Path and Power Aware Techniques in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/160574.
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Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts dynamically forming a temporary network without the aid of any existing established infrastructure. Quality of service (QoS) is a set of service requirements that needs to be met by the network while transporting a packet stream from a source to its destination. QoS support MANETs is a challenging task due to the dynamic topology and limited resources. The main objective of this paper is to enhance the QoS routing for MANET using temporally ordered routing algorithm (TORA) with self-healing and optimized routing techniques (SHORT). SHORT improves routing optimality by monitoring routing paths continuously and redirecting the path whenever a shortcut path is available. In this paper, the performance comparison of TORA and TORA with SHORT has been analyzed using network simulator for various parameters. TORA with SHORT enhances performance of TORA in terms of throughput, packet loss, end-to-end delay, and energy.
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Kaleem, Muhammad, and Ismail Fauzi Isnin. "Thermal-aware directional and adaptive routing algorithm for 3D network-on-chip." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i2.pp1051-1061.
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Due to the tier architecture <span lang="EN-US">of 3D network-on-chip (3D-NoC), reducing the thermal hotspot within the chip is challenging as a cooling mechanism that lies merely on the single side of a chip. High power density in 3D NoC is responsible for reliability degradation and thermal difficulties. Thermal-aware routing becomes substantial to handle thermal difficulties and diffusion of heat to the cooler regions. Thermal-aware routing focuses on bypassing hotspot areas by selecting cooler areas. Existing thermal-aware routing algorithms adopt slightly cooler but longer and extended paths, due to lack of ability to know the proximity of the destination's location, which aggravate thermal issues. This work presents a novel thermal-aware directional and adaptive routing algorithm. Objective of the proposed algorithm is to strive to find the best possible neighbour to reach closer to the proximity of the destination. The proposed algorithm can adaptively choose any suitable neighbour that can lead packets closer to the destination at each intermediate node. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with existing thermal-aware routing algorithm in a simulator environment. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperformed its counterpart in terms of average delay with 11-26% improvement, total hop counts with 8-24% reduction under various traffic conditions and improvement in overall thermal profiling of the chip.</span>
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Rahaman, Munshi Mostafijur, Prasun Ghosal, and Tuhin Subhra Das. "Latency, Throughput and Power Aware Adaptive NoC Routing on Orthogonal Convex Faulty Region." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 04 (March 31, 2019): 1950055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500555.
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Reliability of a Network-on-Chip (NoC) relies vastly upon the efficiency of handling faults. Faults those lead to trouble during on-chip communication process are basically of two types namely soft and hard. Here, hard faults are considered. Hard faults may be caused due to failure of links, routers, or other processing units. These are mainly dealt with fault-tolerant routing algorithms or by employing redundant hardware. Multiple faulty nodes are being avoided by acquiring region-based approaches. Most of the fault-tolerant routing techniques are designed on homogeneous faulty regions where some active nodes also act as deactivated nodes to build the region homogeneous. On the other hand, adaptive routing on nonhomogeneous faulty regions increases load on its boundary and most of them does not assure deadlock freeness. This paper proposes a deadlock-free adaptive fault-tolerant NoC routing named F-Route-NoC-Mesh (FRNM) ignoring any virtual channel on orthogonal convex faulty regions. Contributions of this work focus on balancing network traffic by assuming a virtual faulty block boundary and routing packets through this virtual boundary. Destination does not exist within that virtual faulty block regions to reduce load on the boundary of orthogonal faulty regions. Thus, this work is aimed at acquiring proper incorporation of procedures being able to reach fault-tolerant degree, routing efficiency and performance enhancement. Using the proposed algorithm (FRNM), a fault block model-based approach is developed. Significant improvements of average latency (43.37% to 60.44%), average throughput (4.18% to 90.81%) and power consumption (5.93% to 33.28%) are achieved over the state-of-the-art by using a cycle accurate simulator.
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Ramesh, Pasupuleti, and Uppu Ramachandraiah. "E-Token Energy-Aware Proportionate Sharing Scheduling Algorithm for Multiprocessor Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8382026.
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WSN plays vital role from small range healthcare surveillance systems to largescale environmental monitoring. Its design for energy constrained applications is a challenging issue. Sensors in WSNs are projected to run separately for longer periods. It is of excessive cost to substitute exhausted batteries which is not even possible in antagonistic situations. Multiprocessors are used in WSNs for high performance scientific computing, where each processor is assigned the same or different workload. When the computational demands of the system increase then the energy efficient approaches play an important role to increase system lifetime. Energy efficiency is commonly carried out by using proportionate fair scheduler. This introduces abnormal overloading effect. In order to overcome the existing problems E-token Energy-Aware Proportionate Sharing (EEAPS) scheduling is proposed here. The power consumption for each thread/task is calculated and the tasks are allotted to the multiple processors through the auctioning mechanism. The algorithm is simulated by using the real-time simulator (RTSIM) and the results are tested.
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Iancu, Voichiţa, Luis Diez, Emil Sluşanschi, and Ramón Agüero. "Balancing the Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks: An EMF-Aware Routing Scheme." Mathematics 10, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10040668.
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This work is situated at the conjunction of the fields of distributed systems, telecommunications, and mathematical modeling, aiming to offer solutions to the problem of people’s overexposure to electro-magnetic fields (EMF) radiation. In this paper, we propose a new routing scheme for wireless multi-hop networks, which seeks a fairer distribution of the exposure to electromagnetic fields, by leveraging a combination of the transmitted power and the accumulated exposure as a routing metric. We carry out a holistic approach, including: (1) an algorithmic study, (2) an analytical model of the aforementioned novel routing metric, and (3) the specification of a routing protocol. We make a performance assessment of our novel routing protocol and the corresponding algorithm, by means of an extensive simulation campaign over the NS-3 simulator. The obtained results yield that the proposed novel solution is able to not only fairly distribute the exposure, but also to reduce its average value, thus enhancing the user experience. We also show that the power consumption using the EMF-aware proposed solution, based on Cycle Canceling Algorithm (CCA), and that observed with an approach seeking power reduction are alike. Indeed, even if there exist key-differences from the user experience’s point of view between both routing approaches, there is no statistically relevant power increase between them. Thus, our solution manages to keep the consumed power at a low level, and at the same time it reduces the overall nodes’ exposure to EMF.
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Sanabria, Pablo, Tomás Felipe Tapia, Andres Neyem, Jose Ignacio Benedetto, Matías Hirsch, Cristian Mateos, and Alejandro Zunino. "New Heuristics for Scheduling and Distributing Jobs under Hybrid Dew Computing Environments." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (March 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8899660.
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Mobile grid computing has been a popular topic for researchers due to mobile and IoT devices’ ubiquity and their evergrowing processing potential. While many scheduling algorithms for harnessing these resources exist in the literature for standard grid computing scenarios, surprisingly, there is little insight into this matter in the context of hybrid-powered computing resources, typically found in Dew and Edge computing environments. This paper proposes new algorithms aware of devices’ power source for scheduling tasks in hybrid environments, i.e., where the battery- and non-battery-powered devices cooperate. We simulated hybrid Dew/Edge environments by extending DewSim, a simulator that models battery-driven devices’ battery behavior using battery traces profiled from real mobile devices. We compared the throughput and job completion achieved by algorithms proposed in this paper using as a baseline a previously developed algorithm that considers computing resources but only from battery-dependent devices called Enhanced Simple Energy-Aware Schedule (E-SEAS). The obtained results in the simulation reveal that our proposed algorithms can obtain up to a 90% increment in overall throughput and around 95% of completed jobs in hybrid environments compared to E-SEAS. Finally, we show that incorporating these characteristics gives more awareness of the type of resources present and can enable the algorithms to manage resources more efficiently in more hybrid environments than other algorithms found in the literature.
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Iqbal, Nadeem, Mohammad Shafie Bin Abd Latiff, and Shafi’i Muhammad Abdulhamid. "Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Energy Constrained Mobile Ad-hoc Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 2979. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2979-2987.
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Dynamic topology change and decentralized makes routing a challenging task in mobile ad hoc network. Energy efficient routing is the most challenging task in MANET due to limited energy of mobile nodes. Limited power of batteries typically use in MANET, and this is not easy to change or replace while running communication. Network disorder can occur for many factors but in middle of these factors deficiency of energy is the most significant one for causing broken links and early partition of the network. Evenly distribution of power between nodes could enhance the lifetime of the network, which leads to improving overall network transmission and minimizes the connection request. To discourse this issue, we propose an Energy Aware Routing Protocol (EARP) which considers node energy in route searching process and chooses nodes with higher energy levels. The EARP aim is to establish the shortest route from source to destination that contains energy efficient nodes. The performance of EARP is evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, end-to-end delay and throughput. Results of simulation done by using NS2 network simulator shows that EARP can achieve both high throughput and delivery ratio, whereas increase network lifetime and decreases end-to-end delay.
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Saleem, Kashif, and Iftikhar Ahmad. "Ant Colony Optimization ACO Based Autonomous Secure Routing Protocol for Mobile Surveillance Systems." Drones 6, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6110351.
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Sensing plays a vital role in enabling smart cities. The mobile surveillance of different sectors, the retransmission of radio signals, and package delivery are the main applications conducted by unmanned vehicles in smart cities. Multiple unmanned vehicles or miniaturized real-time flying machines with onboard sensors, whether land- or air-based, communicate with each other to form a flying sensor network. Almost all of these machines are battery-operated. Therefore, power preservation is an extremely important factor to be taken into consideration. This paper proposes a power-aware biologically inspired secure autonomous routing protocol (P-BIOSARP) that depends on enhanced ant colony optimization (eACO). eACO autonomously and securely routes the data packet, and the power awareness maintains the power consumption of the flying sensor network. The novel intelligent power-aware routing protocol was implemented in network simulator 2 to perform a number of experiments with different scenarios. The scenarios included varying numbers of total nodes and mobile nodes, different packet rates, mobile source nodes, multiple mobile routing nodes, and, on the side of security, the injection of malicious nodes. The proposed protocol is compared with BIOSARP, E-BIOSARP, and SRTLD in terms of energy consumption, the delivery ratio, and traffic overhead. The analysis shows that the P-BIOSARP remarkably reduces energy consumption compared to other well-known protocols implemented on real testbeds.
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Upadhyay, Shipra, R. A. Mishra, R. K. Nagaria, and S. P. Singh. "DFAL: Diode-Free Adiabatic Logic Circuits." ISRN Electronics 2013 (February 10, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/673601.
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The manufacturing advances in semiconductor processing (continually reducing minimum feature size of transistors, increased complexity and ever increasing number of devices on a given IC) change the design challenges for circuit designers in CMOS technology. The important challenges are low power high speed computational devices. In this paper a novel low power adiabatic circuit topology is proposed. By removing the diode from the charging and discharging path, higher output amplitude is achieved and also the power dissipation of the diodes is eliminated. A mathematical expression has been developed to explain the energy dissipation in the proposed circuit. Performance of the proposed logic is analyzed and compared with CMOS and reported adiabatic logic styles. Also the layout of proposed inverter circuit has been drawn. Subsequently proposed topology-based various logic gates, combinational and sequential circuits and multiplier circuit are designed and simulated. The simulations were performed by VIRTUOSO SPECTRE simulator of Cadence in 0.18 μm UMC technology. In proposed inverter the energy efficiency has been improved to almost 60% up to 100 MHz in comparison to conventional CMOS circuits. The present research provides low power high speed results up to 100 MHz, and proposal has proven to be used in power aware high-performance VLSI circuitry.
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Reginald Pullagura, Joshua, and D. Venkata Rao. "Energy Efficient and robust routing with RPAR Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10148.
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In ad hoc network, the topology of network changes frequently due to the mobile nature of nodes where the communication is possible without any fixed network infrastructure. Mobile nodes are battery operated and so energy efficient routing should be provided which increases the network life time. The existing routing mechanisms do not consider both hop count and energy of nodes for data transmission. In this paper we propose a routing mechanism where data transfer from source to destination is based on the minimum hop count and residual energy of mobile nodes. The proposed RPAR protocol shows better performance when compared to existing Energy power aware routing protocol .The analysis is carried out by using network simulator (NS-2), the simulation results shows that the proposed routing mechanism provides energy efficient and reliable routing in ad hoc networks.
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Al-Mejibli, Intisar. "Developing Energy Aware Distributed Aggregation Tree Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks." Iraqi Journal for Computers and Informatics 43, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25195/ijci.v43i2.57.
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Wireless sensor network WSN consists of small sensor nodes with limited resources, which are sensing,
gathering and transmitting data to base station. Sensors of various types are deployed ubiquitously and widely in varied
environments for instance, wildlife reserves, battlefields, mobile networks and office building. Sensor nodes are having
restricted and non replenishable power resources and this is regarded as one of the main of their critical limits. All
applied techniques and protocols on sensor nodes must take into consideration their power limitation. Data aggregation
techniques are used by sensor nodes in order to minimize the power consumption by organizing the communication
among sensor nodes and eliminating the redundant of sensed data. This paper proposed lightweight modification on data
aggregation technique named Energy Aware Distributed Aggregation Tree EADAT. The main principle of this
development is using the available information in sensor nodes to pass the role of parent node among sensor nodes in
each cluster. The process of passing parent node role is based on nominating the sensor nodes which have higher power
on regular bases. A model based on tree network architecture is designed for validation purpose and is used with NS2
simulator to test the proposed development. EADAT and EADAT with proposed development are applied on the designed
model and the results were promising
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Zając, Piotr. "Compact Thermal Modelling Tool for Fast Design Space Exploration of 3D ICs with Integrated Microchannels." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092217.
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Integrated microchannel cooling is a very promising concept for thermal management of 3D ICs, because it offers much higher cooling performance than conventional forced-air convection. The thermo-fluidic simulations of such chips are usually performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. However, due to the complexity of the fluid flow modelling, such simulations are typically very long and faster models are therefore considered. This paper demonstrates the advantages of TIMiTIC—a compact thermal simulator for chips with liquid cooling—and shows its practical usefulness in design space exploration of 3D ICs with integrated microchannels. Moreover, thermal simulations of a 3D processor model using the proposed tool are used to estimate the optimal power dissipation profile in the chip and to prove that such an optimal profile allows for a very significant (more than 10 °C) peak temperature reduction. Finally, a custom correlation metric is introduced which allows the comparison of the power distribution profiles in terms of the peak chip temperature that they produce. Statistical analysis of the simulation results demonstrates that this metric is very accurate and can be used for example in thermal-aware task scheduling or dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) algorithms.
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Fang, Juan, Sitong Liu, Shijian Liu, Yanjin Cheng, and Lu Yu. "Hybrid Network-on-Chip: An Application-Aware Framework for Big Data." Complexity 2018 (July 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1040869.
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Burst growing IoT and cloud computing demand exascale computing systems with high performance and low power consumption to process massive amounts of data. Modern system platforms based on fundamental requirements encounter a performance gap in chasing exponential growth in data speed and amount. To narrow the gap, a heterogamous design gives us a hint. A network-on-chip (NoC) introduces a packet-switched fabric for on-chip communication and becomes the de facto many-core interconnection mechanism; it refers to a vital shared resource for multifarious applications which will notably affect system energy efficiency. Among all the challenges in NoC, unaware application behaviors bring about considerable congestion, which wastes huge amounts of bandwidth and power consumption on the chip. In this paper, we propose a hybrid NoC framework, combining buffered and bufferless NoCs, to make the NoC framework aware of applications’ performance demands. An optimized congestion control scheme is also devised to satisfy the requirement in energy efficiency and the fairness of big data applications. We use a trace-driven simulator to model big data applications. Compared with the classical buffered NoC, the proposed hybrid NoC is able to significantly improve the performance of mixed applications by 17% on average and 24% at the most, decrease the power consumption by 38%, and improve the fairness by 13.3%.
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Sennan, Sankar, Sathiyabhama Balasubramaniyam, Ashish Kr Luhach, Somula Ramasubbareddy, Naveen Chilamkurti, and Yunyoung Nam. "Energy and Delay Aware Data Aggregation in Routing Protocol for Internet of Things." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 5486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245486.
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Energy conservation is one of the most critical problems in Internet of Things (IoT). It can be achieved in several ways, one of which is to select the optimal route for data transfer. IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a standardized routing protocol for IoT. The RPL changes its path frequently while transmitting the data from source to the destination, due to high data traffic in dense networks. Hence, it creates data traffic across the nodes in the networks. To solve this issue, we propose Energy and Delay Aware Data aggregation in Routing Protocol (EDADA-RPL) for IoT. It has two processes, namely parent selection and data aggregation. The process of parent selection uses routing metric residual energy (RER) to choose the best possible parent for data transmission. The data aggregation process uses the compressed sensing (CS) theory in the parent node to combine data packets from the child nodes. Finally, the aggregated data transmits from a downward parent to the sink. The sink node collects all the aggregated data and it performs the reconstruction operation to get the original data of the participant node. The simulation is carried out using the Contiki COOJA simulator. EDADA-RPL’s performance is compared to RPL and LA-RPL. The EDADA-RPL offers good performance in terms of network lifetime, delay, and packet delivery ratio.
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Fokin, Grigoriy, and Dmitriy Volgushev. "Model for Interference Evaluation in 5G Millimeter-Wave Ultra-Dense Network with Location-Aware Beamforming." Information 14, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14010040.
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Location-Aware Beamforming (LAB) in Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) is a breakthrough technology for 5G New Radio (NR) and Beyond 5G (B5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) communication. Directional links with narrow antenna half-power beamwidth (HPBW) and massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) processing systems allows to increase transmitter and receiver gains and thus facilitates to overcome high path loss in mmWave. Well known problem of pencil beamforming (BF) is in construction of precoding vectors at the transmitter and combining vectors at the receiver during directional link establishing and its maintaining. It is complicated by huge antenna array (AA) size and required channel state information (CSI) exchange, which is time consuming for vehicle user equipment (UE). Knowledge of transmitter and receiver location, UE or gNodeB (gNB), could significantly alleviate directional link establishment and space division multiple access (SDMA) implementation. Background of SDMA is in efficient maintenance of affordable level of interference, and the purpose of this research is in signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) evaluation in various 5G UDN scenarios with LAB. The method, used to evaluate SIR, is link level simulation, and results are obtained from publicly released open-source simulator. Contribution of research includes substantiation of allowable UE density, working with LAB. Practical implications include recommendations on terrestrial and angular separation of two UE in 5G UDN scenarios.
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Yadav, Rahul, and Weizhe Zhang. "MeReg: Managing Energy-SLA Tradeoff for Green Mobile Cloud Computing." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6741972.
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Mobile cloud computing (MCC) provides various cloud computing services to mobile users. The rapid growth of MCC users requires large-scale MCC data centers to provide them with data processing and storage services. The growth of these data centers directly impacts electrical energy consumption, which affects businesses as well as the environment through carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Moreover, large amount of energy is wasted to maintain the servers running during low workload. To reduce the energy consumption of mobile cloud data centers, energy-aware host overload detection algorithm and virtual machines (VMs) selection algorithms for VM consolidation are required during detected host underload and overload. After allocating resources to all VMs, underloaded hosts are required to assume energy-saving mode in order to minimize power consumption. To address this issue, we proposed an adaptive heuristics energy-aware algorithm, which creates an upper CPU utilization threshold using recent CPU utilization history to detect overloaded hosts and dynamic VM selection algorithms to consolidate the VMs from overloaded or underloaded host. The goal is to minimize total energy consumption and maximize Quality of Service, including the reduction of service level agreement (SLA) violations. CloudSim simulator is used to validate the algorithm and simulations are conducted on real workload traces in 10 different days, as provided by PlanetLab.
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S, Smys. "ENERGY-AWARE SECURITY ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR WSN IN BIG-DATA APPLICATIONS." Journal of ISMAC 01, no. 01 (June 18, 2019): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.1.004.
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The dense deployment of the wireless sensor networks has caused enormous data flow leading to a Big-Data generation. To enable a continuous transmission for the huge volume of data packets, it becomes necessary to readapt the routing protocol to facilitate the routing in handling the Big-data scenario. Since energy is the main constraint in the wireless sensor network, as the sensor are battery powered, and the routing methods consuming enormous of the energy for route discovery thereby reducing the network life time, many conventional methods were developed to address the problem of energy consumption with the, increased network latency, overhead, security issues and delay. So the paper proposes the energy-aware routing protocol that could handle the security issues, arising in the enormous data generation satisfying the QOS requirements. The node with substantial resources are selected to overcome the problems of energy consumption and the network life time handling the security issues , delay, network latency and the overhead problem. Further validation of the proposed method in the Network Simulator-3 is performed to evaluate the network latency, packet delivery ratio, throughput, power consumption, network lifetime and Cost.
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Khan, Asfandyar, Arif Iqbal Umar, Syed Hamad Shirazi, Waqar Ishaq, Mohsin Shah, Muhammad Assam, and Abdullah Mohamed. "QoS-Aware Cost Minimization Strategy for AMI Applications in Smart Grid Using Cloud Computing." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 4969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134969.
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Cloud computing coupled with Internet of Things technology provides a wide range of cloud services such as memory, storage, computational processing, network bandwidth, and database application to the end users on demand over the Internet. More specifically, cloud computing provides efficient services such as “pay as per usage”. However, Utility providers in Smart Grid are facing challenges in the design and implementation of such architecture in order to minimize the cost of underlying hardware, software, and network services. In Smart Grid, smart meters generate a large volume of different traffics, due to which efficient utilization of available resources such as buffer, storage, limited processing, and bandwidth is required in a cost-effective manner in the underlying network infrastructure. In such context, this article introduces a QoS-aware Hybrid Queue Scheduling (HQS) model that can be seen over the IoT-based network integrated with cloud environment for different advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) application traffic, which have different QoS levels in the Smart Grid network. The proposed optimization model supports, classifies, and prioritizes the AMI application traffic. The main objective is to reduce the cost of buffer, processing power, and network bandwidth utilized by AMI applications in the cloud environment. For this, we developed a simulation model in the CloudSim simulator that uses a simple mathematical model in order to achieve the objective function. During the simulations, the effects of various numbers of cloudlets on the cost of virtual machine resources such as RAM, CPU processing, and available bandwidth have been investigated in cloud computing. The obtained simulation results exhibited that our proposed model successfully competes with the previous schemes in terms of minimizing the processing, memory, and bandwidth cost by a significant margin. Moreover, the simulation results confirmed that the proposed optimization model behaves as expected and is realistic for AMI application traffic in the Smart Grid network using cloud computing.
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Fraga-Lamas, Paula, Mikel Celaya-Echarri, Peio Lopez-Iturri, Luis Castedo, Leyre Azpilicueta, Erik Aguirre, Manuel Suárez-Albela, Francisco Falcone, and Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés. "Design and Experimental Validation of a LoRaWAN Fog Computing Based Architecture for IoT Enabled Smart Campus Applications." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2019): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153287.
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A smart campus is an intelligent infrastructure where smart sensors and actuators collaborate to collect information and interact with the machines, tools, and users of a university campus. As in a smart city, a smart campus represents a challenging scenario for Internet of Things (IoT) networks, especially in terms of cost, coverage, availability, latency, power consumption, and scalability. The technologies employed so far to cope with such a scenario are not yet able to manage simultaneously all the previously mentioned demanding requirements. Nevertheless, recent paradigms such as fog computing, which extends cloud computing to the edge of a network, make possible low-latency and location-aware IoT applications. Moreover, technologies such as Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) have emerged as a promising solution to provide low-cost and low-power consumption connectivity to nodes spread throughout a wide area. Specifically, the Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) standard is one of the most recent developments, receiving attention both from industry and academia. In this article, the use of a LoRaWAN fog computing-based architecture is proposed for providing connectivity to IoT nodes deployed in a campus of the University of A Coruña (UDC), Spain. To validate the proposed system, the smart campus has been recreated realistically through an in-house developed 3D Ray-Launching radio-planning simulator that is able to take into consideration even small details, such as traffic lights, vehicles, people, buildings, urban furniture, or vegetation. The developed tool can provide accurate radio propagation estimations within the smart campus scenario in terms of coverage, capacity, and energy efficiency of the network. The results obtained with the planning simulator can then be compared with empirical measurements to assess the operating conditions and the system accuracy. Specifically, this article presents experiments that show the accurate results obtained by the planning simulator in the largest scenario ever built for it (a campus that covers an area of 26,000 m 2 ), which are corroborated with empirical measurements. Then, how the tool can be used to design the deployment of LoRaWAN infrastructure for three smart campus outdoor applications is explained: a mobility pattern detection system, a smart irrigation solution, and a smart traffic-monitoring deployment. Consequently, the presented results provide guidelines to smart campus designers and developers, and for easing LoRaWAN network deployment and research in other smart campuses and large environments such as smart cities.
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Alateeq, Abdulla, Wael Elmedany, Nedal Ababneh, and Kevin Curran. "Secure energy aware routing protocol for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 20, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 569–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-05-2020-0179.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the latest research related to secure routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and propose a new approach that can achieve a higher security level compared to the existing one. One of the main security issues in WSNs is the security of routing protocols. A typical WSN consists of a large number of small size, low-power, low-cost sensor devices. These devices are very resource-constrained and usually use cheap short-range radios to communicate with each other in an ad hoc fashion thus, achieving security in these networks is a big challenge, which is open for research. Design/methodology/approach The route updates and data messages of the protocol are authenticated using Edwards-curves Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA). Routing protocols play an essential role in WSNs, they ensure the delivery of the sensed data from the remote sensor nodes to back-end systems via a data sink. Routing protocols depend on route updates received from neighboring nodes to determine the best path to the sink. Manipulating these updates by inserting rouge nodes in the network that advertise false updates can lead to a catastrophic impact on the compromised WSN performance. Findings As a result, a new secure energy-aware routing protocol (SEARP) is proposed, which uses security enhanced clustering algorithm and EdDSA to authenticate route advertisements and messages. A secure clustering algorithm is also used as part of the proposed protocol to conserve energy, prolong network lifetime and counteract wormhole attacks. Originality/value In this paper, a SEARP is proposed to address network layer security attacks in WSNs. A secure clustering algorithm is also used as part of the proposed protocol to conserve energy, prolong network lifetime and counteract wormhole attacks. A simulation has been carried out using Sensoria Simulator and the performance evaluation has been discussed.
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Alshehri, Ali, Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy, and Hong Huang. "FQ-AGO: Fuzzy Logic Q-Learning Based Asymmetric Link Aware and Geographic Opportunistic Routing Scheme for MANETs." Electronics 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040576.
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The proliferation of mobile and IoT devices, coupled with the advances in the wireless communication capabilities of these devices, have urged the need for novel communication paradigms for such heterogeneous hybrid networks. Researchers have proposed opportunistic routing as a means to leverage the potentials offered by such heterogeneous networks. While several proposals for multiple opportunistic routing protocols exist, only a few have explored fuzzy logic to evaluate wireless links status in the network to construct stable and faster paths towards the destinations. We propose FQ-AGO, a novel Fuzzy Logic Q-learning Based Asymmetric Link Aware and Geographic Opportunistic Routing scheme that leverages the presence of long-range transmission links to assign forwarding candidates towards a given destination. The proposed routing scheme utilizes fuzzy logic to evaluate whether a wireless link is useful or not by capturing multiple network metrics, the available bandwidth, link quality, node transmission power, and distance progress. Based on the fuzzy logic evaluation, the proposed routing scheme employs a Q-learning algorithm to select the best candidate set toward the destination. We implemented FQ-AGO on the ns-3 simulator and compared the performance of the proposed routing scheme with three other relevant protocols: AODV, DSDV, and GOR. For precise analysis, we considered various network metrics to compare the performance of the routing protocols. The simulation result validates our analysis and demonstrates remarkable performance improvements in terms of total network throughput, packet delivery ration, and end-to-end delay. FQ-AGO achieves up to 15%, 50%, and 45% higher throughput compared to DSDV, AODV, and GOR, respectively. Meanwhile, FQ-AGO reduces by 50% the end-to-end latency and the average number of hop-count.
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Nurlan, Zhanserik, Tamara Zhukabayeva, and Mohamed Othman. "EZ-SEP: Extended Z-SEP Routing Protocol with Hierarchical Clustering Approach for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Network." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041021.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are networks of thousands of nodes installed in a defined physical environment to sense and monitor its state condition. The viability of such a network is directly dependent and limited by the power of batteries supplying the nodes of these networks, which represents a disadvantage of such a network. To improve and extend the life of WSNs, scientists around the world regularly develop various routing protocols that minimize and optimize the energy consumption of sensor network nodes. This article, introduces a new heterogeneous-aware routing protocol well known as Extended Z-SEP Routing Protocol with Hierarchical Clustering Approach for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Network or EZ-SEP, where the connection of nodes to a base station (BS) is done via a hybrid method, i.e., a certain amount of nodes communicate with the base station directly, while the remaining ones form a cluster to transfer data. Parameters of the field are unknown, and the field is partitioned into zones depending on the node energy. We reviewed the Z-SEP protocol concerning the election of the cluster head (CH) and its communication with BS and presented a novel extended mechanism for the selection of the CH based on remaining residual energy. In addition, EZ-SEP is weighted up using various estimation schemes such as base station repositioning, altering the field density, and variable nodes energy for comparison with the previous parent algorithm. EZ-SEP was executed and compared to routing protocols such as Z-SEP, SEP, and LEACH. The proposed algorithm performed using the MATLAB R2016b simulator. Simulation results show that our proposed extended version performs better than Z-SEP in the stability period due to an increase in the number of active nodes by 48%, in efficiency of network by the high packet delivery coefficient by 16% and optimizes the average power consumption compared to by 34.
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Bakar, Abu, Alexander G. Ross, Kasim Sinan Yildirim, and Josiah Hester. "REHASH." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478077.
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Battery-free sensing devices harvest energy from their surrounding environment to perform sensing, computation, and communication. This enables previously impossible applications in the Internet-of-Things. A core challenge for these devices is maintaining usefulness despite erratic, random or irregular energy availability; which causes inconsistent execution, loss of service and power failures. Adapting execution (degrading or upgrading) seems promising as a way to stave off power failures, meet deadlines, or increase throughput. However, because of constrained resources and limited local information, it is a challenge to decide when would be the best time to adapt, and how exactly to adapt execution. In this paper, we systematically explore the fundamental mechanisms of energy-aware adaptation, and propose heuristic adaptation as a method for modulating the performance of tasks to enable higher sensor coverage, completion rates, or throughput, depending on the application. We build a task based adaptive runtime system for intermittently powered sensors embodying this concept. We complement this runtime with a user facing simulator that enables programmers to conceptualize the tradeoffs they make when choosing what tasks to adapt, and how, relative to real world energy harvesting environment traces. While we target battery-free, intermittently powered sensors, we see general application to all energy harvesting devices. We explore heuristic adaptation with varied energy harvesting modalities and diverse applications: machine learning, activity recognition, and greenhouse monitoring, and find that the adaptive version of our ML app performs up to 46% more classifications with only a 5% drop in accuracy; the activity recognition app captures 76% more classifications with only nominal down-sampling; and find that heuristic adaptation leads to higher throughput versus non-adaptive in all cases.
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Swaminathan, Srividhya, Suresh Sankaranarayanan, Sergei Kozlov, and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues. "Compression-Aware Aggregation and Energy-Aware Routing in IoT–Fog-Enabled Forest Environment." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 4591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134591.
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Forest fire monitoring is very much needed for protecting the forest from any kind of disaster or anomaly leading to the destruction of the forest. Now, with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT), a good amount of research has been done on energy consumption, coverage, and other issues. These works did not focus on forest fire management. The IoT-enabled environment is made up of low power lossy networks (LLNs). For improving the performance of routing protocol in forest fire management, energy-efficient routing protocol for low power lossy networks (E-RPL) was developed where residual power was used as an objective function towards calculating the rank of the parent node to form the destination-oriented directed acyclic graph (DODAG). The challenge in E-RPL is the scalability of the network resulting in a long end-to-end delay and less packet delivery. Additionally, the energy of sensor nodes increased with different transmission range. So, for obviating the above-mentioned drawbacks in E-RPL, compressed data aggregation and energy-based RPL routing (CAA-ERPL) is proposed. The CAA-ERPL is compared with E-RPL, and the performance is analyzed resulting in reduced packet transfer delay, less energy consumption, and increased packet delivery ratio for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 nodes. This has been evaluated using a Contiki Cooja simulator.
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Wang, Xue Yu, Bing Qiang Shan, and Li Shan Sun. "Distributed Construction for Power Aware Connected Dominating Set." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.667.
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This paper proposes a distributed algorithm for constructing power aware connected dominating set. It starts from any node, using depth first search, to form a connected dominating set after completing search in one orientation and then backtrack search in other orientations. For any dominating node’s neighbor nodes, when any neighbor node’s energy is lower than the threshold energy, backtrack search in other orientations. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms perform better than some known ones.
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Glaser, Johann, Daniel Weber, SajjadA Madani, and Stefan Mahlknecht. "Power Aware Simulation Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks and Nodes." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2008, no. 1 (2008): 369178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/369178.
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Onsy, Rana Aly, Mohamed El-Nozahi, and Hani Ragai. "Design-Aware Parasitic-Aware Simulation Based Automation and Optimization of Highly Linear RF CMOS Power Amplifiers." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020272.
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In this paper, a parasitic-design-aware simulation-based design tool is proposed for highly linear RF power amplifiers. The main aim of the proposed tool is to speed up the design process of RF power amplifiers. In addition, it provides accurate final designs taking into consideration the effect of parasitic components of both active and passive devices. The proposed tool relies on the knowledge of designing highly linear RF power amplifiers. Both the optimization steps and design methodology are presented in this paper. The proposed tool is verified by designing a highly linear RF power amplifier at three different frequencies (7 GHz, 10 GHz, and 13 GHz) using 65 nm technology node. The results show that an OP1 dB higher than 18 dBm, gain/S21 higher than 7 dB, and OIP3 higher than 24 dBm at 6 dB back-off power can be obtained.
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Dghais, Wael, Malek Souilem, Fakhreddine Zayer, and Abdelkader Chaari. "Power Supply- and Temperature-Aware I/O Buffer Model for Signal-Power Integrity Simulation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (August 8, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1356538.
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This paper presents the development and evaluation of a large-signal equivalent circuit model that accounts for the power supply fluctuation and temperature variation of I/O buffers circuit designed based on the fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) 28 nm process for signal-power integrity (SPI) simulation. A solid electrical analysis based on the working mechanisms of the nominal I/O buffer information specification- (IBIS-) like model is presented to support the derivation of an accurate and computationally efficient behavioral model that captures the essential effects of the power supply bouncing under temperature variation. The formulation and extraction of the Lagrange interpolating polynomial are investigated to extend the nominal equivalent circuit model. The generated behavioral model is implemented using the Newton-Neville’s formula and validated in simultaneous switching output buffers (SSO) scenario under temperature variation. The numerical results show a good prediction accuracy of the time domain voltage and current waveforms as well as the eye diagram of the high-speed communication I/O link while speeding-up the transient simulation compared to the transistor level model.
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Chaddad, Louma Ahmad, Ali Chehab, Imad Elhajj, and Ayman Kayssi. "Power-aware workload allocation for green data centers." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 4 (June 11, 2018): 678–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2017-0146.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an approach to reduce energy consumption in data centers. Subsequently, it reduces electricity bills and carbon dioxide footprints resulting from their use. Design/methodology/approach The authors present a mathematical model of the energy dissipation optimization problem. The authors formulate analytically the server selection problem and the supply air temperature as a non-linear programming, and propose an algorithm to solve it dynamically. Findings A simulation study on SimWare, using real workload traces, shows considerable savings for different data center sizes and utilization rates as compared to three other classic algorithms. The results prove that the proposed algorithm is efficient in handling the energy-performance trade-off, and that the proposed algorithm provides significant energy savings and maintains a relatively homogenous and stable thermal state at the different rack units in the data center. Originality/value The proposed algorithm ensures energy provisioning, performance optimization over existing state-of-the-art heuristics, and on-demand workload allocation.
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Wang, Hao, Guo Zhen Tan, and Yao Jiang. "A Lower Energy-Aware-Based Routing Protocol Oriented to Internet of Things." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4925.
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As energy of reader in Internet of things is limited, we can only decrease energy overhead of protocol and balance energy consumption among readers to extend the network lifetime as much as possible. Combining with characteristics of Internet of things and requirements of low-energy, energy-aware-based routing protocol was selected for wireless networking of readers. Three methods dealing with how to decrease the energy and how to prolong the wireless network’s life expectancy are proposed in this paper. They are power mode switch based on power control, data mining technique as well as indefinite prolonged transmission. Based on these low-energy measures, improved energy-aware-based routing protocol was designed and performance was simulated for analysis. Simulation results show that improved protocol is superior to original one in aspects of total energy cost and network lifetime.
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Persson, D., T. Eriksson, and E. G. Larsson. "Amplifier-Aware Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Power Allocation." IEEE Communications Letters 17, no. 6 (June 2013): 1112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.043013.130050.
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Lin, Weiwei, Wentai Wu, and James Z. Wang. "A Heuristic Task Scheduling Algorithm for Heterogeneous Virtual Clusters." Scientific Programming 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7040276.
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Cloud computing provides on-demand computing and storage services with high performance and high scalability. However, the rising energy consumption of cloud data centers has become a prominent problem. In this paper, we first introduce an energy-aware framework for task scheduling in virtual clusters. The framework consists of a task resource requirements prediction module, an energy estimate module, and a scheduler with a task buffer. Secondly, based on this framework, we propose a virtual machine power efficiency-aware greedy scheduling algorithm (VPEGS). As a heuristic algorithm, VPEGS estimates task energy by considering factors including task resource demands, VM power efficiency, and server workload before scheduling tasks in a greedy manner. We simulated a heterogeneous VM cluster and conducted experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of VPEGS. Simulation results show that VPEGS effectively reduced total energy consumption by more than 20% without producing large scheduling overheads. With the similar heuristic ideology, it outperformed Min-Min and RASA with respect to energy saving by about 29% and 28%, respectively.
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Lin, Man, and Sai Man Ng. "A Genetic Algorithm for Energy Aware Task Scheduling in Heterogeneous Systems." Parallel Processing Letters 15, no. 04 (December 2005): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626405002350.
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In distributed systems, an application can be decomposed to tasks which can be executed on different processors in parallel. Modern processors allow variable supply voltages and dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) provides the possibility to reduce the power consumption. In this paper, we present a static scheduling approach to integrate task mapping, scheduling and voltage selection to minimize energy consumption of real-time dependent tasks executing on a number of heterogeneous processors. The approach is based on Genetic Algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is very effective and reduces the energy consumption ranging from 20% to 90% under different system configurations. We also compare the proposed genetic-algorithm-based energy aware algorithm with other three algorithms, namely earliest-deadline-first-based, longest-time-first-based and simulated-annealing-based energy aware algorithms. The comparison results demonstrate that the genetic-algorithm-based energy aware algorithm outperforms other three algorithms.
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González, Jorge Luis, Robson Luiz Moreno, Juan Carlos Cruz, and Diego Vázquez. "Energy-Aware Low-Power CMOS LNA with Process-Variations Management." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8351406.
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A reconfigurable low-noise amplifier (LNA) with digitally controllable gain and power consumption is presented. This architecture allows increasing power consumption only when required, that is, to improve LNA’s radiofrequency performance at extreme communication-channel conditions and/or to counteract the effect of process, voltage, and temperature variations. The proposed design leads to significant power saving when a relaxed operation is acceptable. The LNA is implemented in a 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology for a 2.4 GHz IEEE-802.15.4 application. Simulated LNA performance (taking into account the worst cases under process variations) is comparable to recently published works.
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Bauza, Ramon, Javier Gozalvez, and Miguel Sepulcre. "Power-Aware Link Quality Estimation for Vehicular Communication Networks." IEEE Communications Letters 17, no. 4 (April 2013): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.022213.122554.
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Xiao, Lin, and Tian Kui Zhang. "Traffic-Aware Adaptive Discontinuous Receiving Scheme for Power Saving in Cellular Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.934.
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In the cellular networks, a new adaptive Discontinuous Receiving (DRX) scheme is proposed to improve the power saving. In the traditional DRX, the channel monitoring period is fixed, it will waste some energy to monitor channel when there is no data in a long period of time. In this paper, the support vector machine (SVM) is used for traffic prediction, which can predict the data packets arrival time. Then based on this prediction, the monitoring cycle of the DRX is adaptive with the traffic flow. According to prediction result, the sleep period of the receiver will be extended to avoid unnecessary waking up during the idle time. This traffic-aware DRX scheme can reduce consumed power for channel monitoring. The reduction of monitoring channel depends on the prediction accuracy, which has been verified by the simulation results. The simulation results also show that the proposed scheme is effective for power saving.
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Deng, Li, Yang Li, Li Yao, Yu Jin, and Jinguang Gu. "Power-Aware Resource Reconfiguration Using Genetic Algorithm in Cloud Computing." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4859862.
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Cloud computing enables scalable computation based on virtualization technology. However, current resource reallocation solution seldom considers the stability of virtual machine (VM) placement pattern. Varied workloads of applications would lead to frequent resource reconfiguration requirements due to repeated appearance of hot nodes. In this paper, several algorithms for VM placement (multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA), power-aware multiobjective genetic algorithm (pMOGA), and enhanced power-aware multiobjective genetic algorithm (EpMOGA)) are presented to improve stability of VM placement pattern with less migration overhead. The energy consumption is also considered. A type-matching controller is designed to improve evolution process. Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) is used to select new generations during evolution process. Our simulation results demonstrate that these algorithms all provide resource reallocation solutions with long stabilization time of nodes. pMOGA and EpMOGA also better balance the relationship of stabilization and energy efficiency by adding number of active nodes as one of optimal objectives. Type-matching controller makes EpMOGA superior to pMOGA.
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Pham, Minh-Long, Daeyoung Kim, Seong-Eun Yoo, and Yoonmee Doh. "Power Aware Chain Routing Protocol for Data Gathering in Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 1, no. 2 (March 2005): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15501320590966503.
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To prolong the network lifetime, we propose an energy efficient chain-based routing scheme and a distributed algorithm for constructing the routing chain based on the minimum cost tree. The chain construction algorithm calculates the transmission cost based on optimal transmission power. Therefore, it does not require global knowledge of location information of notes and provides more accurate communication cost calculation among nodes under different practical deployment environments. The proposed power aware mechanism for leader node election in the chain ensures more uniform energy consumption among nodes. The simulation shows the new scheme provides more uniform energy consumption among nodes and better active network lifetime in different network settings as compared to previous chain-based protocols.
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Sun-Ho Lee, Eunjeong Choi, and Dong-Ho Cho. "Timer-based broadcasting for power-aware routing in power-controlled wireless ad hoc networks." IEEE Communications Letters 9, no. 3 (March 2005): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2005.03008.
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Sun-Ho Lee, Eunjeong Choi, and Dong-Ho Cho. "Timer-based broadcasting for power-aware routing in power-controlled wireless ad hoc networks." IEEE Communications Letters 9, no. 3 (March 2005): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2005.1411013.
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Györke, Péter, and Béla Pataki. "Power supply design for solar powered harvesting-aware sensors." Pollack Periodica 7, no. 3 (December 2012): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/pollack.7.2012.3.5.
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