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Academic literature on the topic 'Powder wires'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Powder wires"

1

Talic, Nabeel F. "Effect of Air-powder Polishing on the Surface Topography of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wires." World Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 4 (2017): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1448.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to examine the effect of in vivo air-powder polishing on the surface roughness and topography of aged orthodontic stainless steel arch wires. Materials and methods A total of 20 stainless steel arch wires were used in this study. Ten wires (experimental) were aged and exposed to air-powder polishing, and 10 wires asreceived from the manufacturer served as the controls. The experimental group of wires was aged in the patient's oral cavity for an average of 5.3 ± 2.7 months. An air-powder polishing system was used to remove external stains and plaque deposits. The powder was sodium bicarbonate. The surface topography measurements were performed using an optical profilometer. Following the profilometer analysis, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the experimental and control arch wires. Results The average roughness (Sa) of the experimental upper and lower surfaces exposed to air-powder polishing was significantly higher than the control arch wires (p < 0.01). The root mean square of the surface topography (Sq) and the 10-point height of the surface topography (Sz) were significantly higher on the upper and lower surfaces of the experimental arch wires compared with the controls (p < 0.05 and <0.01 respectively). The SEM photomicrographs of the experimental and control arch wires indicated that the experimental arch wires were pitted and filled with surface impurities. Conclusion An air-powder polishing system using sodium bicarbonate powder alters the surface topography and increases the surface roughness of aged orthodontic arch wires in vitro. Clinical significance The air-powder polishing system used along with scaling alters the surface roughness of orthodontic wire. How to cite this article Talic NF. Effect of Air-powder Polishing on the Surface Topography of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wires. World J Dent 2017;8(4):262-266.
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Mihailescu, Dănuţ, Octavian Frincu, and Marius Corneliu Gheonea. "The Comparative Analysis of the Concentration of Microparticles during Mechanized MAG Welding Using Cored Wires." Advanced Materials Research 814 (September 2013): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.814.76.

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Use of cored wire - shielding gas (gas mixture) pair, during mechanized MAG welding, causes the microparticles formation which is harmful for the welder’s health. The paper presents the experimental method for determining the concentration of the microparticles generated during MAG welding when rutile cored wires (standard and low fume emission) and metal powder cored wires (standard and low fume emission) are used. Carbon dioxide and the shielding gas mixture are investigated, too. Four types of cored wires were comparatively analysed, when three wire speed values were applied. The research of the microparticles concentration was conducted after each welding bead deposition, at the upper part of the welding enclosure, using MicroDust Pro particulate monitor. After each weld bead was deposited, the metal frame of the welding enclosure was removed, and, the fumes and gases, produced during the welding process, were eliminated through two fans, positioned inside and outside of the equipment. Using rutile cored wire with low fume emission, a decrease of microparticles concentration up to 30% is noticed in comparison with standard rutile cored wire. Using metal powders cored wire with low fume emission, the microparticles concentration is diminished with 12.5% comparing with standard metal powders cored wire.
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Student, Mykhajlo, Myroslav Golovchuk, Halyna Chumalo, Volodymyr Hvozdetskii, Sergiy Markovych, and Hanna Pohkmurska. "Influence of Diameter of Electrode Powder-like Wires is on Mechanical Descriptions of Elektrodugovikh Coverages." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, no. 3(34) (October 2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).32-42.

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The influence of the diameter of the electrode flux-cored wires on the mechanical characteristics of the electric arc coatings is carried out in the work. Electric arc coatings were obtained on the original equipment, developed and manufactured at the Institute of Physics and Mechanics. GV Karpenko NAS of Ukraine. For spraying, model flux-cored wires of basic doping systems Fe – Cr – C and Fe – Cr – B with a diameter of 1.6 and 2.4 mm were used. The influence of the diameter of flux - cored wires on the structure, electric arc coatings from model flux - cored wires of different diameters is investigated. The dependence of porosity, microhardness, adhesion to the steel base, abrasive wear resistance of electric arc coatings sprayed from flux-cored wires with different amounts of charge on the thickness of the lamellae in the coating structure has been established. The influence of the thickness of the lamellae in the structure of coatings sprayed from flux-cored wires with different amounts of charge (depending on their diameter 1.6 and 2.4 mm) on their abrasive wear resistance was determined. It was found that the thickness of the lamellae in the coatings of all analyzed alloying systems increased with increasing volume of molten metal at the ends of flux-cored wires with the corresponding formation of droplets of larger diameter during its dispersion by air jet. shell charge and high arc current. It is shown that the amount of oxide phase in the structure of coatings doubles with increasing spray distance of flux-cored wires from 80 to 120 mm. More oxide phase (40… 100%) was found in coatings formed of flux-cored wires with a diameter of 2.4 mm with a higher filling factor of its shell charge compared to coatings formed of flux-cored wires with a diameter of 1.6 mm with lower filling. This is due to the larger volume of the charge in the powder wires of larger diameter, the cavities between the powders in which are filled with air, which intensively oxidizes the melt droplets inside the powder wires and at their ends during spraying. It is established that the porosity and microhardness of coatings from the developed flux-cored wires increase with the increase of the thickness of the lamellae in their structure and, accordingly, the diameter of the flux-cored wires. The increase in micro hardness is due to less evaporation and burnout of alloying elements from the droplets forming the coating, and the increase in porosity is caused by intensive spraying of droplets when hitting the sprayed surface, which contributes to micro cavities between the lamellae of the coating. It was found that with increasing the thickness of the lamellae in the structure of coatings of flux-cored wires 250H21VFGS and flux-cored wires 50HN2R5GS their adhesion to the steel base decreased slightly due to the occurrence of tensile stresses in coatings, which cause micro cracks or cracks. At the same time, the adhesion of 50X6MG2C flux-cored wire coatings to steel increased due to the higher carbon content of large lamellae and favorable conditions for the formation of high-carbon martensite, which has the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion and causes the lowest residual tensile stresses. It was found that the abrasive and gas-abrasive wear resistance of coatings from flux-cored wires 250Х21ВФГС decreased, and from flux-cored wires 50ХН2Р5ГС increased due to the increase in the thickness of the lamellae in their structure using a larger diameter.
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Kozyrev, N. A., R. E. Kryukov, V. M. Shurupov, N. V. Kibko, and L. P. Bashchenko. "TUNGSTEN RECOVERY FROM OXIDE DURING FLUX CORD WIRE SURFACING." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-3-215-221.

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Influence of introduction of tungsten powder and tungsten concentrate into surfacing flux-cored wire on structure, structural components microhardness, hardness and wear of the surfacing layer has been studied. Flux cored tungsten-containing wires of H- and E-types according to the IIW classification were manufactured for surfacing in laboratory. Powders of silicon KR-1 (GOST 2169 – 69), manganese MR-0 (GOST 6008 – 82), chromium PKhA-1M (industrial standard TU 14-1-1474 – 75), vanadium VEL-1 (industrial standard TU 48-0533 – 71), nickel PNK-1l5 (GOST 9722 – 97), aluminum PAP-1 (GOST 5494 – 95), tungsten PVT (industrial standard TU 48-19-72 – 92) and iron powder PZhV-1 (GOST 9849 – 86) were used as fillers. In some wires tungsten concentrate KSh-4 (GOST 213 – 83) produced by “AIR” mining company” JSC was used instead of tungsten powder. Gas cleaning dust of aluminum production of the following chemical composition: 21.00 – 43.27 % Al2O3; 18 – 27 % F; 8 – 13 % Na2O; 0.4 – 6.0 % K2O; 0.7 – 2.1 % CaO; 0.50 – 2.48 % SiO2; 2.1 – 2.3 % Fe2O3; 12.5 – 28.2 % Cgen; 0.03 – – 0.90 % MnO %; 0.04 – 0.90 % MgO; 0.09 – 0.46 % S; 0.10 – – 0.18 % P (by weight) was used as a carbon-containing reducing agent. Wire with diameter of 5mm manufactured at laboratory installation ASAW 1250 tractor was used for surfacing. Surfacing modes were: Is = 400 – 450 A; Ud = 32 ÷ 36 V; Vs = 24 ÷ 30 m/h. Surfacing was performed under a layer of AN-26S flux and flux made of silicomanganese slag; number of deposited layers – 5. Chemical composition of deposited metal was determined, metallographic analysis of deposited layer was carried out: size of the former austenite grain, size of martensite needles, degree of contamination by nonmetallic inclusions were stated and wear tests were carried out, hardness and microhardness were measured. The possibility in principal of using tungsten concentrate instead of tungsten powder in studied flux cored wires is shown, degree of tungsten extraction was calculated. For H-type fluxcored wire, introduction of tungsten concentrate instead of tungsten powder into the charge of wire does not increase contamination of deposited layers with nonmetallic inclusions and reduces size of the primary austenite grain. Use of tungsten concentrate in E-type flux-cored wire manufacturing helps to reduce size of the primary austenite grain and size of martensite needles, increasing microhardness of martensite in structure of deposited layer. Introduction of tungsten concentrate instead of tungsten powder into the composition of the charge of H-type wire provides a significant increase in hardness and wear resistance of deposited layer.
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Noonai, Nakhon, Anak Khantachawana, Pongpan Kaewtatip, and Julathep Kajornchaiyakul. "Improvement of Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior of NiTi Drawn Wires for Orthodontics Applications." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.623.

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NiTi shape memory alloy is widely used in dental applications such as orthodontics arch wire, mini screw implant, orthodontics spring, etc., because of its favorable superelasticity and shape memory effect. Wire drawing is a fundamental manufacturing process used for producing orthodontics arch wires. It is well known that cold-work occurred during wire drawing operation is also important to control mechanical properties and transformation temperature of NiTi wires. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the effect of cold working by means of reduction ratio of cross -sectional area and heat-treatment temperatures on transformation and mechanical behavior of the drawn wires for utilized as orthodontic wires. The wire material used in this study is Ni51.4Ti48.6 (at%) alloy with various initial diameters with targeted wire diameter of 0.51mm (0.02 inch). The die for wire drawing is made of tungsten carbide which is inserted into a steel case. The dies were designed to have different reduction ratio of cross sectional area for 4 levels; 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively. The lubricant used in this study is sodium stearate powder. In order to investigate the influences of heat-treatment temperatures, the drawn wires are heat-treated at 400 °C and 600 °C for 3.6ks. The results showed that percentages of reduction of cross sectional area and heat-treatment temperature strongly affect mechanical properties and transformation temperatures. Superelasticity was confirmed in an alloy heat-treated at 400 °C. The results obtained can be used to determine the optimum properties of NiTi wire in order to utilized as orthodontics arch wires.
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Mihailescu, Dănuţ, Octavian Frincu, and Marius Corneliu Gheonea. "The Comparative Analysis of Gas Emissions during Mechanized MAG Welding Using Cored Wires." Advanced Materials Research 814 (September 2013): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.814.82.

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The use of cored wire - shielding gas (gas mixture) pair, during mechanized Metal Active Gas - MAG welding, leads to the formation of gas emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, NO, O3 etc) which is harmful for the welder’s health. The paper addresses the experimental method applied to establish the gas emissions developed during MAG welding when rutile cored wires (standard and low fume emissions) and metal powder cored wires (standard and low fume emissions) are used. Carbon dioxide and the shielding gas mixture are investigated, too. Four types of cored wires were comparatively analysed, when three wire speed values were applied. The experimental results have revealed that using rutilic cored wires and increasing the speed feed, an augmentation of CO (ppm), constant values of O2 (%), insignificant constant values of NO (ppm) and NOx (ppm) and absence of CO2 (%) are achieved. Using metal cored wires and increasing the speed feed, increase of CO (ppm), insignificant values of NO (ppm) and NOx (ppm), and constant values of CO2 (%) and O2 (%) are noticed.
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Li, Yong Peng, Hui Huang, and Xi Peng Xu. "Development Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Brazed Diamond Wire." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.294.

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Fixed-abrasive wire saw, with its ability to cut hard brittle material, such as silicon ingots, crystals and quartz, has emerged as a leading technology for production in semiconductor and photovoltaic industry. There are some defects in conventional fixed-abrasive wire saw such as significant low holding abrasive ability, low machining efficiency, high running costs, etc. A new fixed-abrasive wire, namely brazed diamond wires have been developed to overcome these problems. In this paper, brazed diamond wire were carried out to braze two different size diamond grits onto two different thin steel wires by using a nickel-based powder as brazing alloy. The mechanical properties of brazed diamond wire were evaluated by tensile and breaking twist experiment. The experimental results showed that the heating in the brazing process has litter influence on the wire mechanical properties. The addition of brazed alloy and diamond grits sharply decreased the wire mechanical properties significantly, both in the tensile strength and breaking twist angle. Bigger diamond grit would make the accumulation of brazed alloy which leaded to the deterioration of diameter consistency of wires.
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BALAMURUGAN, S., K. HIGASHIKAWA, T. NAKAMURA, and K. OSAMURA. "ANNEALING EFFECTS IN PIT-PROCESSED MgB2/SUS316 (STAINLESS STEEL) COMPOSITE WIRES." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 16 (July 20, 2005): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905008803.

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The MgB 2/ SUS316 (stainless steel) wires were fabricated by powder-in-tube (PIT) method using commercially available superconducting MgB 2 powder at ambient pressure, and the annealing effects on Tc as well as Jc were investigated. The as-rolled MgB 2/ SUS316 wire showed a zero-resistance superconducting transition temperature (Tc) at 33.4 K and a critical current density [Formula: see text] of 2.22 kAcm-2 at 18.4 K. In order to check the annealing effect, the different pieces of the as-rolled wires were annealed at various annealing conditions under Ar atmosphere in vacuum (60 cm Hg) sealed silica-tube. As compared to the MgB 2/ Fe wires, the annealing temperature and duration were lower and much shorter respectively, for the MgB 2/ SUS316 (stainless steel) wires. On annealing at 873 K for ~ 1 s, we obtained the best sample with a [Formula: see text] of 12.1 kAcm-2 at 16.9 K with a maximum Tc of 36.1 K. Longer annealing time (~ 10 s) above 873 K reduced the Tc as well as the Jc, indicating a possible chemical reaction between the MgB 2 cores and the sheath material.
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Stepanova, Kseniya, Petr Petrov, and Anatoliy Platonov. "Inner stress analysis through methods of X-ray diffractometry in deposited metal and in periweld area by alloy rare-earth elements." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2020-4-3-8.

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Through the methods of X-ray diffractometry there are defined values of residual stresses in a weld metal and a periweld area obtained by hand arc welding deposition with experimental powder wires with the different rare-earth element composition of the Tomtorsky deposit (Yakutia, Russia). It is revealed that in the deposited metal and in the periweld area (PWA) with REM there are formed tensile inner stresses. In weld metal and in the PWA deposited with wire containing 0.7% of REMs there are revealed tensile inner residual stresses which cam serve as an additional mechanism restraining a formation stage and delaying a process of post-welding cracks propagation. An optimum composition of powder wires with the modifying REM admixture is offered.
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Lv, Fuzai, Pengfei Zhang, Zhifeng Tang, Yonggang Yue, and Keji Yang. "A Guided Wave Transducer with Sprayed Magnetostrictive Powder Coating for Monitoring of Aluminum Conductor Steel-Reinforced Cables." Sensors 19, no. 7 (March 30, 2019): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071550.

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Aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) cables are typically used in overhead transmission lines, requiring stringent non-destructive testing owing to the severe conditions they face. Ultrasonic guided wave inspection provides promising online monitoring of the wire breakage of cables with the advantages of high sensitivity, long-range inspection, and full cross-sectional coverage. It is a very popular method to generate and receive guided waves using magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducers. However, uniformly coupling the acoustic energy excited by transducers into multi-wire structures is always a challenge in the field application of guided waves. Long-term field application of piezoelectric transducers is limited due to the small coupling surface area, localized excitation, and couplant required. Conventional magnetostrictive transducers for steel strand inspection are based on the magnetostrictive effect of the material itself. Two factors affect the transducing performance of the transducers on ACSR cables. On one hand, there is a non-magnetostrictive effect in aluminum wires. On the other hand, the magnetostriction of the innermost steel wires is too weak to generate guided waves. The bias magnetic field is attenuated by the outer layers of aluminum wires. In this paper, an alternative sprayed magnetostrictive powder coating (SMPC) transducer was developed for guided wave generation and detection in ACSR cables. The Fe83Ga17 alloy powder with large magnetostriction was sprayed uniformly on the surfaces of certain sections of the outermost aluminum wires where the transducer would be installed. Experimental investigations were carried out to generate and receive the most commonly used L(0,1) guided waves for wire breakage detection at frequencies of 50 and 100 kHz. The results demonstrate that the discernable reflected waves of the cable end and an artificial defect of three-wire breakage (5.5% reduction in the cable’s cross-sectional area) were received by the transducer with SMPC, which was impossible for the transducer without SMPC. This method makes long-term and online monitoring of ACSR cables feasible due to the high coupling efficiency and good structural surface adaptability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Powder wires"

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Latif, Sofia. "Microstructural Characterisation of Magnesium Diboride Powder-in-Tube Wires and Tapes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504420.

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Souza, Élton José de [UNESP]. "Fabricação e caracterização de fios supercondutores do sistema BSCCO pelo método Powder-In-Tube (PIT)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91976.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Com o surgimento da supercondutividade as pesquisas envolvendo aplicações desta, em especial no transporte de energia, obtiveram um avanço promissor ao longo dos anos. Assim, este trabalho objetivou a fabricação de fios supercondutores utilizando o método Powder-In-Tube (PIT), no qual foi inserido dentro de um tubo de prata o pó da cerâmica supercondutora do sistema BSCCO. Estudos preliminares foram feitos em pastilhas feitas com o mesmo material supercondutor e após alguns resultados foram confeccionados os fios supercondutores. Medidas de caracterização foram feitas dentre elas a difratometria de raios-X, medidas elétricas pelo método de quatro pontas e microscopia do tipo (FEG-MEV) equipado com EDS para determinar a morfologia e composição química dos elementos na amostra. Os resultados de difratometria de raios-X apresentaram a formação das fases desejadas do sistema BSCCO de diferentes concentrações dentre elas as fases Bi-2212 Bi- 2223 e Bi-2234 contidas nas amostras sintetizadas. As medidas elétricas detectaram uma queda abrupta na resistência elétrica dos fios mostrando a faixa de transição supercondutora das amostras estudadas. As medidas de densidade de corrente com base no critério de corrente de 1μV/cm, utilizadas nos fios confeccionados, foram obtidos valores da ordem de 1,30 – 3,90 (KA/m2). Nas imagens de microscopia vale ressaltar uma melhora na interação entre os grãos supercondutores nas amostras submetidas a um maior tempo de sinterização e também foi possível verificar e analisar através da extrusão a compactação do pó cerâmico dentro do tubo de prata. O EDS detectou a composição química dos elementos nas amostras bem como a concentração das fases em determinadas regiões analisadas
With the emergence of superconductivity research involving applications of this, particularly in the transport of energy, had a promising advance over the years. This study aims to manufacture superconducting wires using the method Powder-In-Tube (PIT), which was inserted inside a tube of silver powder of superconducting ceramic BSCCO system. Preliminary studies were done on pellets made with the same superconducting material, and after some results were prepared the superconducting wires. Characterization measurements were made among them the X-ray diffraction, electrical measurements by the method of four points and type of microscopy (FEG-SEM) equipped with EDX to determine the morphology and chemical composition of the elements in the sample. The results of X-ray diffraction showed the formation of the desired phases for this type of superconductor, ie the BSCCO system between them was possible to determine the Bi-2212 phase, Bi-2223 and Bi-2234 contained in the synthesized samples. The electrical measurements have detected a sudden drop in electrical resistance of the wires showing the range of superconducting transition with good accuracy. It was possible to perform the calculation of current density in the wires made based on a criterion of 1 μV/cm were obtained and values of around 1,30– 3,90 (KA/m2). The values are consistent with the specifications of the samples and within the limits of our research. In microscopy images is noteworthy improvement in the interaction between the superconducting grains in samples submitted to a higher sintering time and it was possible to verify and analyze the compaction of ceramic powder into silver tube through the extrusion process. The EDX detected the chemical composition of the elements in the samples in a qualitative way
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Souza, Élton José de. "Fabricação e caracterização de fios supercondutores do sistema BSCCO pelo método Powder-In-Tube (PIT) /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91976.

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Orientador: Cláudio Luiz Carvalho
Banca: Haroldo Naoyuki Nagashima
Banca: Isaias Gonzaga de Oliveira
Resumo: Com o surgimento da supercondutividade as pesquisas envolvendo aplicações desta, em especial no transporte de energia, obtiveram um avanço promissor ao longo dos anos. Assim, este trabalho objetivou a fabricação de fios supercondutores utilizando o método Powder-In-Tube (PIT), no qual foi inserido dentro de um tubo de prata o pó da cerâmica supercondutora do sistema BSCCO. Estudos preliminares foram feitos em pastilhas feitas com o mesmo material supercondutor e após alguns resultados foram confeccionados os fios supercondutores. Medidas de caracterização foram feitas dentre elas a difratometria de raios-X, medidas elétricas pelo método de quatro pontas e microscopia do tipo (FEG-MEV) equipado com EDS para determinar a morfologia e composição química dos elementos na amostra. Os resultados de difratometria de raios-X apresentaram a formação das fases desejadas do sistema BSCCO de diferentes concentrações dentre elas as fases Bi-2212 Bi- 2223 e Bi-2234 contidas nas amostras sintetizadas. As medidas elétricas detectaram uma queda abrupta na resistência elétrica dos fios mostrando a faixa de transição supercondutora das amostras estudadas. As medidas de densidade de corrente com base no critério de corrente de 1μV/cm, utilizadas nos fios confeccionados, foram obtidos valores da ordem de 1,30 - 3,90 (KA/m2). Nas imagens de microscopia vale ressaltar uma melhora na interação entre os grãos supercondutores nas amostras submetidas a um maior tempo de sinterização e também foi possível verificar e analisar através da extrusão a compactação do pó cerâmico dentro do tubo de prata. O EDS detectou a composição química dos elementos nas amostras bem como a concentração das fases em determinadas regiões analisadas
Abstract: With the emergence of superconductivity research involving applications of this, particularly in the transport of energy, had a promising advance over the years. This study aims to manufacture superconducting wires using the method Powder-In-Tube (PIT), which was inserted inside a tube of silver powder of superconducting ceramic BSCCO system. Preliminary studies were done on pellets made with the same superconducting material, and after some results were prepared the superconducting wires. Characterization measurements were made among them the X-ray diffraction, electrical measurements by the method of four points and type of microscopy (FEG-SEM) equipped with EDX to determine the morphology and chemical composition of the elements in the sample. The results of X-ray diffraction showed the formation of the desired phases for this type of superconductor, ie the BSCCO system between them was possible to determine the Bi-2212 phase, Bi-2223 and Bi-2234 contained in the synthesized samples. The electrical measurements have detected a sudden drop in electrical resistance of the wires showing the range of superconducting transition with good accuracy. It was possible to perform the calculation of current density in the wires made based on a criterion of 1 μV/cm were obtained and values of around 1,30- 3,90 (KA/m2). The values are consistent with the specifications of the samples and within the limits of our research. In microscopy images is noteworthy improvement in the interaction between the superconducting grains in samples submitted to a higher sintering time and it was possible to verify and analyze the compaction of ceramic powder into silver tube through the extrusion process. The EDX detected the chemical composition of the elements in the samples in a qualitative way
Mestre
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4

FERNANDES, MARCOS G. "Obtanção de fios em ligas cobre-magnésio para utilização em linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10030.

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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Шкіндер, Олексій Миколайович. "Створення порошкових дротів з покращеними властивостями для дугового наплавлення." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/31447.

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В наш час швидко розвивається промисловість. Тож вироблення порошкових дротів що в свою чергу вимагає великої кількості обладнання різного типу. Використання системи в поточному виробництві дозволяє забезпечити виготовлення високоякісного порошкового дроту з гарантованими властивостями, що найбільш точно відповідають вимогам технічної документації. Завдяки новому, більш ефективному технологічному процесу, теоретично можна збільшити продуктивність, швидкість та економічність виготовлення.
Nowadays the industry is developing rapidly. Therefore, powder coils are manufactured, which use a wide variety of types of equipment in their work. The systems used in the current production make it possible to manufacture high quality powder wire with guaranteed power properties, which requires exacting of technical documentation. Thanks to a new, higher technological process, it is theoretically possible to increase the productivity, speed and economy of production.
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Menck, Peter-Johannes. "How wires shape volumes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16930.

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Diese Arbeit ist der Frage gewidmet, wie die Stabilität eines Stromnetzes mit seiner Topologie zusammenhängt. Stabilität wird hier mit Hilfe von Bassin-Stabilität vermessen, einer nichtlokalen und nichtlinearen Methode, mit der sich quantifizieren lässt, wie stabil ein Stromnetz gegen große Störungen ist. Netzartige Systeme werden mit den Methoden der Theorie komplexer Netzwerke beschrieben. Bassin-Stabilität wird zunächst formal eingeführt. Dann wird die Methode angewendet, und zwar einmal auf abstrakte und einmal auf konkrete Weise. Der abstrakte Ansatz ist dadurch motiviert, dass die Funktion eines Stromnetzes auf dem synchronen Zusammenwirken seiner Komponenten beruht. Er betrifft die Frage, wie generelle dynamische Netzwerke strukturiert sein sollten, um stabile Synchronisation zu unterstützen. Es stellt sich heraus, dass Netzwerke mit maximaler Bassin-Stabilität am entgegengesetzten Ende eines gewissen netzwerktheoretischen Spektrums angesiedelt sind als Netzwerke, die optimal sind in Hinsicht auf lokale Stabilität. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass in der Entwicklung von synchron funktionierenden Systemen die Optimierung auf lokale Stabilität hin und die gleichzeitige Optimierung auf nichtlokale Stabilität hin als entgegengesetzte Kräfte gewirkt haben. Der konkrete Ansatz geht aus von einem Stromnetzmodell aus der Ingenieuersliteratur. Bassin-Stabilität wird komponentenweise eingesetzt, um zu untersuchen, wie der Grad der Stabilität eines Stromnetzes gegen große Einzelknoten-Störungen beeinflusst wird von gewissen Mustern in der Netztopologie. Simulationen in einem Ensemble von Stromnetzen bringen diverse Statistiken hervor, die alle eine wesentliche Beobachtung stützen: Ausgerechnet das kostengünstigste und weitverbreitetste Anschlussschema - bestehend aus Stichleitungen - vermindert die Netzstabilität beträchtlich. Es lässt sich ein fundamentales Designprinzip ableiten: Vermeide Stichleitungen.
This thesis addresses the question how the stability of a power grid depends on the network topology. Stability is assessed here by means of basin stability, a nonlocal and nonlinear inspection scheme that allows to quantify how stable a power grid is against large perturbations. Networked systems are characterized using the instruments of complex network theory. A rigorous definition of basin stability is provided. Then, basin stability is applied once in an abstract and once in a more applied way. The abstract approach is motivated by the fact that power grids rely on the synchronous operation of their components, and focusses on the problem how general dynamical networks should be structured to support a stable synchronous state. It turns out that networks with maximum basin stability are located at the opposite end of a certain network-theoretical spectrum than networks optimal with respect to local stability. This suggests that, during the evolution of synchronizing networks, the optimization for local stability and the simultaneous optimization for nonlocal stability have acted as opposing forces. The more applied approach draws on a power grid model from the engineering literature. A component-wise version of basin stability is used to assess how a grid''s degree of stability against large single-node perturbations is influenced by certain patterns in the wiring topology. Simulations in an ensemble of power grids yield various statistics that all support one main finding: The widespread and cheapest of all connection schemes, so-called dead ends and dead trees, strongly diminish stability. The inverse is also true: `Healing'' dead ends by addition of transmission lines substantially enhances stability. This indicates a basic design principle for future power grids: avoid dead ends.
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Yavaş, Mert Okur Salih. "Fabrication and characterization of MgB2 powders and Cu-Clad MgB2 wires/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/fizik/T000373.pdf.

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Najar, salwan. "Simulering av 1-Wire sensorer." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104086.

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The 1-wire bus is a communication bus system which is designed to provide data, signals and power over a single signal with low data rates, a high resolution and a long range. It is typically used to communicate with small inexpensive devices, as temperature sensors, which is worked as a slave with the master computer (PC). The 1-wire bus system provides the sufficient control and operation signal, a unique ID serial number of each sensor and it supports multiple temperature sensors by a driving power (Parasite Power) on single line. On the 1-Wire bus system, temperature sensors are supplied by two types of power supplies, external Power supply and Parasitic Power. The aim of this project is to program the microprocessor (Arduino) by using Arduino programming language to work as a temperature sensor type DS18B20 and also as a slave on the 1-Wire bus system. This report explains the 1-Wire bus system techniques and how the communication is achieved between the master and the slave (sensors) to measure the temperature values. The measured temperature values are collected from the output of each active sensor on the 1-Wire bus. These data are displayed by the personal computer (PC) which is worked as a master on the 1-Wire bus, and the data are represent the measured temperature values from twelve active sensors on the bus system. In this thesis, the temperature values from the 12 active sensors can be read and displayed on the master (PC) by using the following programs: Open Logger One Wire (OLOW) program, One Wire Viewer, DigiTemp and OWFS and I validated all the temperature values from these active sensors which are read and monitored by the drive bus programs. The comparison is done among the measured temperature values to see if the active sensors are given accurate temperature values with different drive bus programs. The project shows that the sensors can be connected in a network with the master, by using 1-Wire bus techniques. This thesis will be used by Karolinska University Hospital, and it can also be developed for different requirements in the future.
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Zuber, Paul. "Wire topology optimisation for low power CMOS." kostenfrei, 2007. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/618152/document.pdf.

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Casique, Rodriguez Irene. "Power, autonomy and division of labor in Mexican dual-earner families /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Books on the topic "Powder wires"

1

Suen, Anastasia. Wired. Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge, 2006.

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The power of a woman. Dublin: Poolbeg, 2002.

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Allen, Paul. Wired up to the sun: An introduction to photovoltaic power. Machynlleth: Centre for Alternative Technology, 1994.

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Anderson, Leland I. Nikola Tesla's concepts for transmission of electrical energy without wires: A review. Denver, Colo: L. Anderson, 1999.

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Hansen, Irving G. Specification and testing for power by wire aircraft. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Wielopolski, Mateusz. Testing Molecular Wires: A Photophysical and Quantum Chemical Assay. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Caesars' wives: Sex, power, and politics in the Roman Empire. New York: Free Press, 2010.

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Schlessinger, Laura. Woman Power. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.

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Arnold, Margot. Queen consorts of England: The power behind the throne. New York: Facts On File, 1993.

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The wire, Deadwood, Homicide, and NYPD blue: Violence is power. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Powder wires"

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Kim, Sang Cheol, Dong Woo Ha, Sang Soo Oh, Il Yong Han, Hong Soo Ha, and Ho Sang Sohn. "Effect of Processing Factors on Critical Current Density in Bi2212/Ag Wires." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy, 1593–96. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.1593.

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Kubo, Y., K. Yoshizaki, F. Fujiwara, and Y. Hashimoto. "Superconducting Properties of Chevrel-Phase PbMo6S8 Wires by an Improved Powder Process." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1085–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_129.

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Yang, Suk-Woo, Hyung-Shik Shin, Il-Hyun Kuk, Gye-Won Hong, and Chan-Joong Kim. "Plastic Extrusion of YBa2Cu3O7-y-Ag Composite Superconducting Wires using Pyrophoric Synthetic Powder." In Advances in Superconductivity X, 673–76. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66879-4_158.

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Guo, Y. C., J. N. Li, M. Yavuz, H. K. Liu, E. R. Vance, and S. X. Dou. "Effect of Precursor Powder on the Properties of Silver-Clad Bi-2223 Superconducting Wires and Tapes." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 761–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_102.

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Matsukura, N., Y. Fukumoto, T. Miyazaki, Y. Inoue, T. Miyatake, M. Shimada, R. Ogawa, and H. Kurahashi. "Effects of Tantalum Addition on Hysteresis Losses and Critical Current Densities of Powder-Metallurgy Processed Nb3Sn Superconducting Wires." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1345–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_174.

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Zhou, Han, Zeyu Sun, Sheriff Sadiqbatcha, and Sheldon X. D. Tan. "EM Lifetime Constrained Optimization for Multi-Segment Power Grid Networks." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 365–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_15.

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AbstractThis chapter provides techniques for power grid network sizing while considering electromigration reliability. Starting with power grid network and electromigration (EM) fundamentals. Specifically the concerns here are EM immortality and aging effects used as EM constraints when formulating the optimization problems. The chapter first shows that the new power/ground (P/G) optimization problem, subject to the voltage IR drop and new EM constraints, can still be formulated as an efficient sequence of linear programming (SLP) problem, where the optimization is carried out in two linear programming phases in each iteration. The new optimization will ensure that none of the wires fails if all the constraints are satisfied. However, requiring all the wires to be EM immortal can be over-constrained. To mitigate this problem, the improvement is to consider the aging effects of interconnect wires in P/G networks. The idea is to allow some short-lifetime wires to fail and optimize the rest of the wires while considering the additional resistance caused by the failed wire segments. In this way, the resulting P/G networks can be optimized such that the target lifetime of the whole P/G networks can be ensured and will become more robust and aging-aware over the expected lifetime of the chip.
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Thieme, C. L. H., J. B. Kim, M. Takayasu, S. Foner, Y. Iwasa, D. Rodrigues, Y. Yamada, and T. Ando. "Critical Current Densities of Jelly-Roll and Powder Metallurgy Nb3Al Wires as a Function of Temperature and Magnetic Field." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1439–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_186.

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Nicholson, Martin. "Poles and Wires." In The Power Makers' Challenge, 15–18. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2813-7_3.

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Boulos, Maher I., Pierre L. Fauchais, and Joachim V. R. Heberlein. "Powders, Wires, and Cords." In Thermal Spray Fundamentals, 561–625. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70672-2_13.

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Fauchais, Pierre L., Joachim V. R. Heberlein, and Maher I. Boulos. "Powders, Wires, Cords, and Rods." In Thermal Spray Fundamentals, 675–754. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68991-3_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Powder wires"

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Marzik, J. V., R. C. Lewis, M. R. Nickles, D. K. Finnemore, J. Yue, M. Tomsic, M. Rindfleisch, M. D. Sumption, and U. (Balu) Balachandran. "PLASMA SYNTHESIZED BORON NANO-SIZED POWDER FOR MgB[sub 2] WIRES." In TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE—ICMC: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3402315.

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Rodkevich, N. G., A. V. Pervikov, E. A. Glazkova, A. S. Apkaryan, and M. I. Lerner. "Sintering of 316L stainless steel bimodal powder produced by electrical explosion of wires." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084519.

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Borisova, A. L., I. V. Mitz, and A. Kleyman. "Arc Sprayed Coatings of Ferroalloy-Base Flux-Cored Wires." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0705.

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Abstract This paper presents the results an experimental study on ferroalloy-base flux-cored wire coatings. The work conducted shows that it is possible to improve the structure and properties of coatings by adding aluminum to the ferrochromium powder charge and rare-earth elements and calcium to ferroboron. This reduces the oxygen content and porosity of coatings by a factor of 1.5-2. It also reduces residual tensile stresses in outer coating layers and improves coating-substrate adhesion strength as well as abrasive wear resistance.
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Schmelter, Tobias, Benedict Theren, Magnus Thiele, Marvin Schuleit, Cemal Esen, and Bernd Kuhlenkötter. "Integration of SMA Wires Into the Additive Manufacturing Process Using PBF-LB/M and Long-Term Tests of the Specimens to Validate the Functional Properties." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67650.

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Abstract The integration of shape memory (SM) wires in additive manufacturing (AM) processes and components, either as actuators or sensors, holds enormous potential for future developments. For example, a sensor or an actuator function could be integrated into a component already during the manufacturing process. This integration can eliminate downstream assembly steps and improve the flexibility of the component design. In addition to (complex) components, the AM process can also be used to attach connecting elements to the wire, ensuring an improved connection of the wire to other components like an actuator housing. The integration of SM wires into an AM process will be further investigated in the following and feasibility validated by initial trials. Powder bed fusion – laser beam/metal (PBF-LB/M) is used as an AM process; thereby blocks are welded to the wire in the context of this work as proof of concept. Long-term and tensile tests are carried out to evaluate the functional and mechanical properties of the manufactured compounds. Moreover, images of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) provide further information about the generated compound.
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Kumakura, H. "Fabrication and superconducting properties of powder-in-tube processed MgB[sub 2] tapes and wires." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472623.

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Ahn, HeeSung, YoungSeob Jang, and SungHo Heo. "Directed Energy Deposition of UNS S31603 Materials by Wire Arc Energy for Nuclear Application." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-66584.

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Abstract GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) based Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition (WA DED) process is one of the key metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. WA DED process with commercial UNS S31603 filler wires, ER316L and ER316LSi, were applied to investigate whether print deposits satisfy the requirements for manufacturing ASME safety class 1 nuclear pressure valve components. Comprehensive chemical, micro-structural, and mechanical test data on ER316L and ER316LSi print deposits were investigated. Mechanical tests include hardness, bend, CVN, room and high temperature tensile up to 525°C. The test results were compared with ASME SA-182 forging and ASME SA-351 casting valve specifications, and ASTM F3184 standard for AM UNS S31603 with powder bed fusion. From this study, it was concluded that the as-print and solution annealed deposits with ER316LSi filler wire were recommended for manufacturing ASME safety class 1 nuclear pressure valve components.
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Lara-Quintanilla, Adrian, and Harald E. N. Bersee. "Improvement of the Attainable Working Frequency of SMA Wires by Means of Active Cooling and Working Strain-Ratios." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7464.

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Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are one of the most widely used smart materials. Their attractive characteristics make them interesting for the development of novel devices. Most of these devices make use of their shape memory effect or superelasticity; these effects are based on diffusionless phase transitions. SMAs can be used in different forms. In particular, wires are often used for actuation purposes because they exert linear forces and large strokes, up to the 8% of their original (memorized) length. However, they work at very low frequencies. SMAs are thermally activated. The limitation on their actuation bandwidth is a consequence of their capability to increase and decrease their temperature. The most common way of heating SMA wires is by Joule heating. Afterwards, they normally cool down by releasing thermal energy to their surroundings by conduction or convection. The heating and the cooling come from different physic’s principles and the cooling is a slower process than the heating one. Therefore, the cooling of SMAs is the main concern regarding to the SMA wire’s maximum attainable working frequency. In this paper, the effect of different applied heating and cooling rates on the resulting SMA wire’s working frequency is studied. Different heating rates have been applied to an SMA wire by applying different levels of electrical power. In a similar manner, different cooling rates have been applied to the wire by applying different forced airflows around the SMA wire. The use of a forced airflow has shown to increase the convective heat transfer coefficient between the wire and the surrounding air up to eight-fold. SMA wires’ working frequency depends on the amplitude of strains at which it performs. The higher the amplitude, the lower the maximum attainable frequency. Moreover, the relationship between the temperature and the strain is highly non-linear. For that reason, the range of strains in which the wire works has also an effect on the resulting attainable frequency for a given working amplitude. This is of great interest for SMA actuators since a similar working amplitude can result in very different attainable frequencies, depending on the range of temperatures within which the wire performs. Experimental results show that the SMA wire’s working frequency can be increased up to threefold by making it work within the appropriate temperature range. Afterwards, this improvement is reflected on the overall performance of the actuator in which the SMA wire is embedded.
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Hangekar, Rohan, Stephen Furst, and Stefan Seelecke. "Development of a 6-Channel Power Controller for Simultaneous Actuation and Resistance Measurement of SMA Wires." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3846.

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The use of ‘multifunctional’ Shape Memory Alloy wires as embedded actuators and sensors has been proposed for numerous novel applications. The SMA wires are actuated as a result of the Joule heating induced by passing electric current through it. The resistance of the SMA wire can simultaneously be measured during its actuation enabling it to be used as sensor data that relates to the strain and temperature of the wire. In order to control actuation stroke from the SMA wire, the Joule heating (electric power supplied to the SMA wire) of the wire needs to be controlled. Therefore, a 6-channel power controller device has been developed that simultaneously controls the power supplied to six different SMA wires and measures the resistance of these wires during excitation. This paper continues from the previously presented concept of a multi-channel power controller implementation. The focus of this paper is to discuss the operation, calibration methods and optimization techniques to improve the performance and robustness of the device and to eliminate the issues in multi-channel implementation. Further, this device is implemented in a test setup to study the position control of SMA wire using resistance feedback. Results of these tests can be utilized in practical applications involving SMA wires as embedded actuators and sensors, such as Smart Inhaler system being developed at North Carolina State University.
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Komperød, Magnus. "A Frequency-Domain Model of Bitumen-Coated Armor Wires in Subsea Power Cables, Umbilicals, and Power Umbilicals." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54106.

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Bitumen is commonly used as anticorrosion protection for armor wires in subsea power cables, umbilicals, and power umbilicals. Bitumen’s viscoelastic behavior influences the cable’s mechanical properties. The present paper derives a simple, analytical model of bitumen-coated armor wires. The model calculates the axial stresses of the armor wires and the armor wires’ contribution to the cable’s bending stiffness. The model shows that there is a phase shift between the sinusoidal curvature oscillations and the corresponding armor wire stresses and cable bending moment. Two examples show that the armor wire stresses and the cable’s bending stiffness are strongly temperature-dependent. The purpose of the novel model is to calculate bending stiffness, fatigue stresses, and capacity (allowed combinations of axial cable tension and cable bending curvature) more accurately and to study these variables’ sensitivity to temperature and frequency. The model may also be included in calculations of bitumen’s influence on VIV damping.
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Karlsen, Stian. "Fatigue of Copper Conductors for Dynamic Subsea Power Cables." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-21017.

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Dynamic subsea power cables are used for distribution of electric power to subsea units for oil and gas production and for power distribution from offshore wind mills. As the cables are suspended from the sea level to sea floor, a dynamic analysis is normally required to ensure that the cables are able to withstand the dynamic tension and bending caused by waves and vessel movements. The fatigue property of a conductor is determined by the mechanical properties of the individual wires and stress concentration caused by wire interaction. Previous publications on steel wires and ropes have brought light on the effect of R-ratio and wire interaction such as fretting and inter wire slippage. For copper conductors the complexity of fatigue is multiplied by the fact that the individual wires have a nonlinear stress-strain behavior well below the defined yield stress limit and poor creep properties below maximum cable operation temperatures. Moreover, the interaction between the wires is determined not only by the contact between copper surfaces but also by the water blocking compound in between the wires normally required for subsea cables. A test method, simulating the fatigue mechanism in a dynamic power cable, including the effect from friction, fretting, creep properties of copper and high tension at deep waters is presented together with test results for a representative conductor.
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Reports on the topic "Powder wires"

1

Serrano, Jason Dimitri, Alexander S. Chuvatin, M. C. Jones, Roger Alan Vesey, Eduardo M. Waisman, V. V. Ivanov, Andrey A. Esaulov, et al. Compact wire array sources: power scaling and implosion physics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941403.

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Sanford, T. W. L., G. O. Allshouse, and B. M. Marder. X-ray power increase from symmetrized wire-array z-pinch implosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/369656.

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Sanford, T. W. L., R. B. Spielman, and G. A. Chandler. Wire number doubling in plasma-shell regime increases Z-accelerator X-ray power. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/554833.

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Sanford, T. W. L., R. B. Spielman, and G. A. Chandler. Wire number doubling in plasma-shell regime increases z-accelerator x-ray power. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/562481.

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Scarpello, Giovanni M., and Arsen Palestini. Exact Integration of a Nonlinear Model of Steady Heat Conduction/Radiation in a Wire With Internal Power. Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/jgsp-4-2005-59-67.

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Commercial exploitation of nanophase powder formed with exploding wire technology. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/481619.

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Electrical foreman and groundman electrocuted when guy wire contacts 13,200- volt power line, October 12, 1988. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshface8917.

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