Journal articles: 'Powder electrostatic technology'

1

Shalygina, Oksana, Lyuidmyla Bragina, and Mykola Kuryakin. "Powder Electrostatic Technology of Household Appliance Enamelling." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2012): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht06.04.435.

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Xiao, Kai Ye, Hai Xu, Zhi Wei Guo, and Wen Zheng. "Research of the Surface Treatment Process of Bonded NdFeB Magnet with Composite Powder Electrostatic Spraying." Solid State Phenomena 278 (July 2018): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.278.63.

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Compared with the traditional air spraying technique and electroplate method, the coating defects of bonded NdFeB magnet, such as the workpiece hanging point, the pinhole, the bubble, have been solved by using the composite powder electrostatic spraying as surface treatment technology, along with the EE epoxy paint as primer coating and PU polyurethane paint as surface coating. The coating of this composite powder electrostatic spraying is uniform and compact, and the coating has strong adhesion and corrosion resistance. This paper gives a detailed introduction to the composite powder electrostatic spraying, including the choice of some important parameters and the unique hanging tools of composite powder electrostatic spraying.

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Yang, Qingliang, Yingliang Ma, and Jesse Zhu. "Applying a novel electrostatic dry powder coating technology to pellets." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 97 (November 2015): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.10.006.

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Bailey, Adrian G. "The science and technology of electrostatic powder spraying, transport and coating." Journal of Electrostatics 45, no. 2 (December 1998): 85–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3886(98)00049-7.

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Beloni, Ervin, and Edward L. Dreizin. "Ignition of Titanium Powder Layers by Electrostatic Discharge." Combustion Science and Technology 183, no. 8 (April 14, 2011): 823–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2011.554466.

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Nukala, Ravi Kumar, Harikrishna Boyapally, Ian J. Slipper, Andy P. Mendham, and Dennis Douroumis. "The Application of Electrostatic Dry Powder Deposition Technology to Coat Drug-Eluting Stents." Pharmaceutical Research 27, no. 1 (November 14, 2009): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-009-0008-y.

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Baitimerov, R. M., and V. A. Bykov. "Processing of Alumina Reinforced Copper Metal Matrix Composite by Selective Laser Melting Technology." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.175.

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For the development of the additive technologies it is necessary to expand the range of the used materials. One of the most promising directions is the creation of products from composite materials. In this work copper-alumina composite powder was prepared by ball milling, and used in selective laser melting, to produce a composite material. The raw powder materials consisted of the gas atomized Cu powder (with the regular spherical shape and mean particle diameter of 32 μm) and alumina powder, produced by condensation of vapor on electrostatic filter (average particle size is about 220 nm). The alumina weight ratio was 5%. Four 30x10x6 mm copper-alumina specimens were manufactured. The scanning electron microscopy was used for the analysis of composite microstructure. Obtained copper-alumina composite material has higher hardness, in comparison with cast copper (HRB is 60 and 45, respectively).

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Wei, Yanan, and Youxing Liu. "Study of dispersion mechanisms of modified SiC powder: electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance mechanism." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 35 (2019): 14036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj02131k.

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Jing, Zhehao, Yingliang Ma, and Jesse Zhu. "Application of a novel electrostatic dry powder coating technology on capsules for enteric release." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 68 (February 2022): 103058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103058.

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Nakhaev, M. R. "Interphase phenomena during humidification electrostatic fiber concrete." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 49, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2022-49-1-140-148.

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Objective. The targets of modern construction require the search and development of new efficient technologies. The main trend in building architecture is the creation of spectacular (buildings-symbols, objects of competitions of countries) objects and structures that attract the attention of people and add to the list of unique attractions. To implement such projects, it is necessary to introduce high-tech advanced techniques, which is the electrostatic method of manufacturing fiberreinforced concrete.Method. The paper considers a new method of forming products and structures from fiber-reinforced concrete using electrostatics. An important place in the method is occupied by the physics of interfacial phenomena, namely wetting and capillary effects. The electrostatic deposition of layers of dry concrete mixture on the shaping frame occurs with the help of electrostatic sprayers.Result. This method allows saving cement, due to the use of a water-cement ratio close to the theoretical value. The issue of compaction of applied layers of dry concrete mix due to wetting with water with surface-active additives is discussed. In this regard, the kinetics of filling through and dead-end capillaries with water and other aspects of the new technology are considered. A hydrophilic binder has been developed using calcium lignosulfonate additive, which makes it possible to demonstrate the effectiveness of the electrostatic method in the future.Conclusion. The processes of wetting and the kinetics of liquid filling capillaries and channels of various shapes between the particles of the dry concrete mixture, as well as the compaction of the powder system as a result of moisture, will make it possible to realize difficult and unique projects in reality. The developed hydrophilic cement based on the surface-active additive LST (0.25%) contributes to the effect of interfacial electrostatic adhesion, thereby improving the properties of fiber-reinforced concrete.

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Noda, Hideyuki. "Handling technology for 0.075-square mm powder IC chip." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 000975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wp62.

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We have developed a packaging technology for powder IC chip of 0.075-square mm × 5 μm thickness. The chip, which can be embedded into papers, is expected to be a key device in pioneering new markets, where it can cheaply and easily manage a number of articles and identify papers such as securities. Manipulating a fine chip in a dry environment has been difficult due to adhesion of the other chips and scattering from the influence of electrostatic phenomena. However, using the micro-bead and cell trapping technology, it is possible to put the chips on a substrate one by one. The technique uses a double-surface-electrode chip, and a novel water-based chip handling technique composed of a micropipette manipulation and a self-aligned positioning. The double-surface-electrode structure that has two individual surface electrodes is advantageous in that when mounting the powder chip on a substrate, the chips are placed on the substrate without the need for highly accurate positioning, including the chip orientation control (upside-down, rotation). As for the micropipette manipulation, the chips are kept dispersed by stirring liquid with addition of a 0.5% surfactant to prevent chips from sticking together, and a flat-end glass micropipette successfully manipulated a single chip with high chip-capturing ratio. The self-aligned positioning of the chip uses micro liquid droplet shrinkage during evaporation process. The chip was able to move together with the droplet edge, and was positioned in the predefined hydrophilic domain. The liquid cushioning pick-up and placing action enables stress-free handling.

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Xu, Lin, Haoyuan Shi, Lu Wang, Wenjing Xiao, Qiong Li, and Jie Guo. "Efficiency characteristic of electrostatic dust precipitation using solar energy." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part A (2020): 2857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191012098x.

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In this paper, solar photovoltaic technology and electrostatic dust removal technology are combined to design a solar electrostatic precipitator, and its operation effect and dust removal performance are studied. Starting from optimizing the structure of the dust precipitator, the electrode structure of the dust precipitator was improved, the area of dust collector per unit volume was increased, and the dust removal efficiency was improved. By changing different working conditions, different solubility, different voltage, and different dust removal efficiency. Finally, compared the dust removal efficiency of the finned tubular and snowflake dust precipitator. The results show that the snowflake dust precipitator works stably in sunny and cloudy weather, and the dust removal effect is the highest, followed by dry powder, and the cement dust removal effect is the worst. It is determined that the change of voltage within the set range has little influence on the dust removal efficiency, and the dust concentration has a great influence on the dust removal efficiency.

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Dermentzis, K. I., A. E. Davidis, A. S. Dermentzi, and C. D. Chatzichristou. "An electrostatic shielding-based coupled electrodialysis/electrodeionization process for removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solutions." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.547.

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Electrode graphite powder beds were interposed between anode and cathode as intermediate electrodes inside an electrolytic setup. Due to electrostatic shielding they eliminate the applied electric field and therefore stop the electromigration of ions within their mass. It was found that the intermediate electrodes can act as ionic current sinks—ion concentrating compartments and therefore cause a new type of a membrane-less electrodialysis/electrodeionization process. The proposed electrostatic shielding based coupled electrodialysis/electrodeionization treatment of synthetic cobalt plating rinse water containing 300 mg L−1 Co2 + ions produced a low-volume Co2 + concentrate which could be recycled to the electroplating bath for reuse and a diluate containing 43.8 mg L−1 Co2 + ions. The diluate was then used as feed in the subsequent electrostatic shielding electrodeionization process which produced pure water with a cobalt ion concentration less than 0.1 mg L−1. The current efficiency was 22–29%, the enrichment factor 13.5–26.1, the current density 20–40 A m−2 and the flow rate 1.54 × 10−4–4.06 × 10−4 dm3 s−1. The proposed membrane free electrostatic shielding electrodialysis/electrodeionization process could be developed into a new alternative electrochemical method of cobalt or other heavy metal removal and water purification and recycling from industrial effluents laden with heavy metals.

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Yu, Qian, Yong Le Ke, Xu Kun Tan, Gao Dan Luo, Sheng Bo Han, Lin Yu, and Guo Qing Luo. "Study on Surface Modification of Mica Pearl Pigment with Stearic Acid." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.774.

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Using stearic acid as modifier, the surface of mica pearl pigment organic modification technology are discussed in this paper, and the application effect of after modified. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the effect of surface modification. Electrostatic spraying test (EST) and Chromatism test were used to characterize the application effect of after modified. The results showed that the stearic acid could be successfully grafted on the surface of mica pearl pigment and enhanced hydrophobicity. Besides, it was demonstrated that the mica pearl pigment treated with stearic acid could make the value of chromatism deviation are low, which also could significantly improve the powder spraying ratio at low spray voltages.

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15

Epstein, Arthur J. "Electrically Conducting Polymers: Science and Technology." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 6 (June 1997): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400033583.

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For the past 50 years, conventional insulating-polymer systems have increasingly been used as substitutes for structural materials such as wood, ceramics, and metals because of their high strength, light weight, ease of chemical modification/customization, and processability at low temperatures. In 1977 the first intrinsic electrically conducting organic polymer—doped polyacetylene—was reported, spurring interest in “conducting polymers.” Intrinsically conducting polymers are completely different from conducting polymers that are merely a physical mixture of a nonconductive polymer with a conducting material such as metal or carbon powder. Although initially these intrinsically conducting polymers were neither processable nor air-stable, new generations of these materials now are processable into powders, films, and fibers from a wide variety of solvents, and also are airstable. Some forms of these intrinsically conducting polymers can be blended into traditional polymers to form electrically conductive blends. The electrical conductivities of the intrinsically conductingpolymer systems now range from those typical of insulators (<10−10 S/cm (10−10 Ω−1 cm1)) to those typical of semiconductors such as silicon (~10 5 S/cm) to those greater than 10+4 S/cm (nearly that of a good metal such as copper, 5 × 105 S/cm). Applications of these polymers, especially polyanilines, have begun to emerge. These include coatings and blends for electrostatic dissipation and electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding, electromagnetic-radiation absorbers for welding (joining) of plastics, conductive layers for light-emitting polymer devices, and anticorrosion coatings for iron and steel.The common electronic feature of pris tine (undoped) conducting polymers is the π-conjugated system, which is formed by the overlap of carbon pz orbitals and alternating carbon-carbon bond lengths.

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Lou, Ting, Yan Bo Wu, and Tie Ben Song. "The Research on the Disperse Form of PEO Fiber by Electrostatic Spinning Method." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.110.

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We prepared PEO nano fiber with different concentration of PEO acid solution by electrostatic spinning in different technology conditions. Then we studied the property of solution by rotary viscometer instrument and electrical conductivity spectrometer, the disperse form of the fiber by SEM scattered forms, the thermal property of the composite was studied by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTA). The conclusion is the disperse form of fiber is controlled by the concentration of solution, the voltage of spinning, the distance of solidification. The important factor is about the solution. To increase the solution viscosity and the solidification distance, reduce the spinning voltage would decrease the diameter of the fiber. Thermal stability of fiber was significantly better than powder.

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Fazlyyyakhmatov, Marsel, and Nail F. Kashapov. "CALCULATION OF THE ELECTROSTATIC FIELD OF CORONA DISCHARGE IN THE POWDER COATING PROCESS." High Temperature Material Processes An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes 22, no. 4 (2018): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hightempmatproc.2018029210.

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Mogami, Tomofumi, Teruo Suzuki, Kwang Seok Choi, and Takashi Ikehata. "Control of electrostatic charge for powder by using feedback control-type ionizer system." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 23, no. 2 (March 2010): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2009.08.022.

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Lomonaco, Patrizio, Sebastien Weiller, Imen Feki, Antoine Debray, Francesco Delloro, Michel Jeandin, Bernardo Favini, and Claude Rossignol. "Cold Spray Technology to Promote Conductivity of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK)." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.459.

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Recent studies showed that cold spray is a suitable way to produce metallic coatings on non-metallic surfaces such as polymers and composites for engineering applications. Mechanical bonding and particle anchoring process onto these substrates have not been totally understood yet. This study is focused on the creation of conductive coatings by cold spray onto short carbon fiber reinforced PEEK. For the requirements of the industrial application, the deposit should be able to tolerate both electrostatic and electric currents (higher than 10A). Because of their high conductivity, aluminium and copper powder seemed to be the best candidate materials. To promote adhesion and coating build up, copper-zinc and copper-PEEK mixed powders were also tested. A correlation between experimental and numerical tests has been adopted to assess and improve the possibilities of this material coupling. Both low pressure and high-pressure cold spray equipment were used for the spraying. Since polymer matrix-based composites are thermosensitive materials, it was necessary to develop a computational fluid-dynamics tool to investigate the interaction of the hot gas on the substrate and the correlation with the deposition process. A series of finite element simulations of single and multi-particle impacts onto local structures of the composite, as observed from SEM images of the specimens, is on-going. A classical pull-off test of the specimen will be adopted to collect data about coating adhesion strength. Finally, the four points measurement by Van der Pauw method will be used to assess the conductivity of specimens for different powders and coating thicknesses.

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Liu, Jianming, Runying Bai, Junfeng Hao, Bowen Song, Yu Zhang, and Xingang Wang. "Recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution by magnetically recycled modified polishing powder composites." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 7 (October 1, 2019): 1357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.381.

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Abstract This study investigated a magnetically recycled modified polishing powder (CMIO@PP) as an adsorbent of phosphate; the CMIO@PP was synthesized by combining the modified La/Ce-containing waste polishing powder with CaO2-modified Fe3O4 (CMIO). Results indicate that the CMIO@PP nanocomposite presents a crystal structure comprising La (OH)3, Ce (OH)3, and Fe3O4, and that CMIO is uniformly dispersed in the modified polishing powder. The CMIO@PP (1:3) is a suitable choice considering its magnetism and adsorption capacity. The magnetic adsorbent exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 53.72 mg/g, a short equilibrium time of 60 min, and superior selectivity for phosphate. Moreover, the adsorbent strongly depends on the pH during the adsorption process and maintains a large adsorption capacity when the pH level is between 2 and 6. The adsorption of phosphate by the CMIO@PP (1:3) accords with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order model. Meanwhile, adsorption–desorption experiments show that the adsorbent could be recycled a few times and that a high removal efficiency of phosphate from civil wastewater was achieved. Finally, mechanisms show that the adsorption of phosphate by the CMIO@PP (1:3) is mainly caused by electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange.

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Kim, Younghun, Jungeun Kim, Akihiko Fujiwara, Hiroki Taniguchi, Sungwng Kim, Hiroshi Tanaka, Kunihisa Sugimoto, et al. "Hierarchical dielectric orders in layered ferroelectrics Bi2SiO5." IUCrJ 1, no. 3 (April 30, 2014): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252514008008.

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Electric dipole engineering is now an emerging technology for high electron-mobility transistors, ferroelectric random access memory and multiferroic devicesetc. Although various studies to provide insight into dipole moment behaviour, such as phase transition, order and disorder states, have been reported, macroscopic spontaneous polarization has been mainly discussed so far. Here, visualization of the electric dipole arrangement in layered ferroelectrics Bi2SiO5by means of combined analysis of maximum entropy charge density and electrostatic potential distribution analysis based on synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction data is reported. It was found that the hierarchical dipole orders, the weak-ferroelectric and ferroelectric configurations, were observed in the Bi2O2and the SiO3layers, respectively, and the ferrielectric configuration was realised by the interlayer interaction. This discovery provides a new method to visualize the local polarization in ferroelectric materials.

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Choi, Kwangseok, Tomofumi Mogami, Teruo Suzuki, and Mizuki Yamaguma. "A novel bipolar electrostatic ionizer for charged polypropylene granules used in a pneumatic powder transport facility." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 40 (March 2016): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.01.010.

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23

Yi, Zheng-ji, Jun Yao, Mi-jia Zhu, Hui-lun Chen, Fei Wang, and Xing Liu. "Uranium biosorption from aqueous solution by the submerged aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 6 (December 23, 2016): 1332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.592.

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The biosorption characteristics of U(VI) from aqueous solution onto a nonliving aquatic macrophyte, Hydrilla verticillata (dry powder), were investigated under various experimental conditions by using batch methods. Results showed that the adsorption reached equilibrium within 60 min and the experimental data were well fitted by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. U(VI) adsorption was strongly pH dependent, and the optimum pH for U(VI) removal was 5.5. Isotherm adsorption data displayed good correlation with the Langmuir model, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 171.52 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies suggested that U(VI) adsorption onto H. verticillata was an exothermic and spontaneous process in nature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the amino and hydroxyl groups on the algal surface played an important role in U(VI) adsorption. The mechanisms responsible for U(VI) adsorption could involve electrostatic attraction and ion exchange. In conclusion, H. verticillata biomass showed good potential as an adsorption material for the removal of uranium contaminants in aqueous solution.

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Benning, Matthew James, and Kenny Dalgarno. "Proof of concept of a novel combined consolidation and transfer mechanism for electrophotographic 3D printing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 1040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-04-2018-0111.

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Purpose This paper aims to develop and then evaluate a novel consolidation and powder transfer mechanism for electrophotographic 3D printing, designed to overcome two longstanding limitations of electrophotographic 3D printing: fringing and a build height limitation. Design/methodology/approach Analysis of the electric field generated within electrophotographic printing was used to identify the underlying causes of the fringing and build height limitations. A prototype machine was then designed and manufactured to overcome these limitations, and a number of print runs were carried out as proof of concept studies. Findings The analysis suggested that a machine design which separated the electrostatic powder deposition of the print engine from the layer transfer and consolidation steps is required to overcome fringing and build height limitations. A machine with this build architecture was developed and proof of concept studies showed that the build height and fringing effects were no longer evident. Research limitations/implications Electrophotography (EP) was initially seen as a promising technology for 3D printing, largely because the potential for multi-material printing at high speed. As these limitations can now be overcome, there is still potential for EP to deliver a high-speed 3D printing system which can build parts consisting of multiple materials. Originality/value The analysis of EP, the new method for the transfer and consolidation of layers and the proof of concept study are all original and provide new information on how EP can be adopted for 3D printing.

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Jaimini, Manish, Arpit Jain, Sanjay K. Sharma, and Shailender Mohan. "Solventless coating for Tablets: An alternative to conventional coating technique." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2, no. 02 (June 30, 2014): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.2.18.

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There are many ways to coat tablets. Coatings are a very important part in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage form to achieve excellent formulation quality (e.g., color, texture, mouth feel, and taste masking), physical and chemical protection for the drugs in the dosage forms, and modification of drug release characteristics. Most film coatings are applied as aqueous or organic-based polymer solutions. Such film coating brings their own disadvantages. Solventless coatings are alternative technique of coating. Solventless coating technologies can overcome many of the disadvantages associated with the use of solvents (e.g., solvent exposure, solvent disposal, and residual solvent in product) in pharmaceutical coating. Solventless processing reduces the overall cost by eliminating the tedious and expensive processes of solvent disposal/treatment. In addition, it can significantly reduce the processing time due to reduction of step of drying/evaporation. These environment-friendly processes are performed without any heat in most cases (except hot-melt coating) and thus can provide an alternative technology to coat temperature-sensitive drugs. This review includes various solventless coating methods like magnetic assisted impaction coating , hotmelt coating, supercritical fluid spray coating, electrostatic coating, dry powder coating, and photocurable coating that can be used to coat the pharmaceutical dosage forms.

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Zhu, Suiyi, Junna Zhu, Wei Fan, Yang Yu, Jiakuan Yang, Ying Chang, Mingxin Huo, Leilei Zhang, and Dejun Bian. "Influence of Proteins on Transport of Ferrihydrite Particles Formed during Recharge of Groundwater Containing Fe with Reclaimed Water." Water 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101329.

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When reclaimed water was recharged into groundwater containing a low content of ferrous iron, Fe-rich particles were generated and started to transport into the porous medium. X-ray powder diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis showed that the generated Fe-rich particles were in a poorly crystallized ferrihydrite phase. After the formation of ferrihydrite particles, the mass loss of contaminants was calculated, which was 88.2% for Al, 93.3% for Zn, and 41.6% for chemical oxygen demand (COD). Protein-like compounds were predominant in the removed COD. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model to investigate the effect of proteins on the transport of ferrihydrite particles in porous medium. Results showed that the attachment efficiency of ferrihydrite particles on the porous medium decreased from 100% to 75% with the increase of BSA concentration from 10 mg/L to 100 mg/L. BSA was attached to the surface of ferrihydrite particles via electrostatic adsorption. Thus, the zeta potential of ferrihydrite particles changed from positive to negative, and the particles became less aggregated, thereby enhancing particle mobility. This observation provided evidence that protein residues in reclaimed water enhance the transport of Fe-rich particles in saturated porous medium.

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Ugrina, Marin, Martin Gaberšek, Aleksandra Daković, and Ivona Nuić. "Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020217.

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Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

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Loureiro, Kahynna C., Alessandro Jäger, Ewa Pavlova, Isabel B. Lima-Verde, Petr Štěpánek, Leandro S. Sangenito, André L. S. Santos, et al. "Cashew Gum (Anacardium occidentale) as a Potential Source for the Production of Tocopherol-Loaded Nanoparticles: Formulation, Release Profile and Cytotoxicity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 8467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188467.

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Every year, more than thirty thousand tons of Cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale, family: Anacardiaceae) are produced in Brazil; however, only a small amount is used for different applications in foodstuff and in pharmaceutical industries. As a raw material for the production of drug delivery systems, cashew gum is still regarded as an innovative compound worth to be exploited. In this work, cashew gum was extracted from the crude exudate of cashew tree employing four methodologies resulting in a light brown powder in different yields (40.61% to 58.40%). The total ashes (0.34% to 1.05%) and moisture (12.90% to 14.81%) were also dependent on the purification approach. FTIR spectra showed the typical bands of purified cashew gum samples, confirming their suitability for the development of a pharmaceutical product. Cashew gum nanoparticles were produced by nanoprecipitation resulting in particles of low polydispersity (<0.2) and an average size depending on the percentage of the oil. The zeta potential of nanoparticles was found to be below 20 mV, which promotes electrostatic stability. Encapsulation efficiencies were above 99.9%, while loading capacity increased with the increase of the percentage of the oil content of particles. The release of the oil from the nanoparticles followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics model, while particles did not show any signs of toxicity when tested in three distinct cell lines (LLC-MK2, HepG2, and THP-1). Our study highlights the potential added value of using a protein-, lignans-, and nucleic acids-enriched resin obtained from crude extract as a new raw material for the production of drug delivery systems.

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Yang, Ding, Yi Luo, XingLian Ye, WeiXiang Chen, Jun Guo, ZongShu Zou, and FengHua Lu. "Study on SO3 Cooperative Removal Effect of Ultra-low Emission Technology in Coal-fired Power Plants." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185304005.

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SO3 is one of the main precursors of atmospheric PM2.5, and its emission has attracted more and more attention in the industry. This paper briefly analyzes the harm of SO3 and the method of controlled condensation to test SO3. The effect of cooperative removal of SO3 by ultra-low emission technology in some coal-fired power plants has been tested by using the method of controlled condensation. The results show that the cooperative removal of SO3 by ultra-low emission technology in coal-fired power plants is effective. The removal rate of SO3 by low-low temperature electrostatic precipitators and electrostatic-fabric integrated precipitators can be exceeded 80%, while the removal rate of SO3 by wet flue gas desulfurization equipment displays lower than the above two facilities, and the wet electrostatic precipitator shows a better removal effect on SO3. With the use of ultra-low emission technology in coal-fired power plants, the SO3 emission concentration of the tail chimney reaches less than 1 mg / Nm3.

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Wang, Shuai, Wanhong Li, Xinhua Yin, Nan Wang, Shuai Yuan, Ting Yan, Shuang Qu, Xiangbo Yang, and Dianyuan Chen. "Cd(II) Adsorption on Different Modified Rice Straws under FTIR Spectroscopy as Influenced by Initial pH, Cd(II) Concentration, and Ionic Strength." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214129.

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Rice straw is a kind of low-cost biosorbent. Through mechanical crushing, pyrolysis, incineration, and citric acid (CA) modification, it could be converted to rice straw powder (Sp), biochar (Sb), ash (Sa), and modified rice straw (Ms) accordingly. Using rice straw as an adsorbent, the influence of pH value (2, 4, and 9), initial Cd(II) concentration (0, 200, and 800 mg/L), and ionic strength (0, 0.2, to 0.6 mg/L) on the adsorption capacity for Cd(II) were examined with three replicates, and the relevant mechanisms were explored using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technology. Results showed that the modifications could improve the adsorption capacity of Cd(II) by changing their chemical structures. The products (Sb and Sa) of the pyrolysis and incineration of rice straw contained fewer hydroxyl and alkyl groups, but more Si–O groups. Citric acid modification removed a portion of silica in rice straw, increased its carboxylic content, and made more –OH groups exposed. Compared with Sp, Sb, Sa, and Ms were more likely to act as π donors in the Cd(II) sorption process and exhibited more carboxyl binding. The bands of C = C, –O–CH3, and the O–H, carboxyl, Si–O–Si or Si–O groups were involved in the Cd(II) sorption process. The adsorption amount of Cd(II) by the four adsorbents increased with the increase in the pH value of the solution and the initial Cd(II) concentration. Affected by pH in a solution, ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation were the major adsorption mechanisms. Further, under the influence of the initial Cd(II) concentration, electrostatic attraction played a leading role. With no interference by ionic strength, all the adsorbents had the greatest adsorption amount of Cd(II), and the intensity of O–H vibration was also the weakest; ion exchange was the most important mechanism in this process. Regardless of the influencing factors, Sa, with the greatest specific surface area, had an absolute advantage in the adsorption capacity of Cd(II) over Sp, Sb, and Ms.

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Fu, Yao, and Zhigang Su. "Deep neural network based concentration prediction model of dry electrostatic precipitator with a modified PID optimizer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2189, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2189/1/012018.

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Abstract The dust control technology of thermal power units plays an important role in reducing the emission of air pollutants and improving the ecological environment. Electrostatic precipitator is not only an important equipment to reduce dust emission from coal-fired power plants, but also a high energy consuming equipment. Establishing the model of electrostatic precipitator is of great significance for energy saving of electrostatic precipitator and emission reduction of power plant. In this paper, a deep neural network based concentration prediction model of dry electrostatic precipitator of 600MW coal-fired unit is established and trained through running data. In the process of model training, an improved PID-based optimizer is used. The modified optimizer is proved to have the effect of accelerating convergence and improving accuracy in experiments. The modeling results demonstrate that the trained neural network model can effectively predict the outlet concentration of dry electrostatic precipitator under wide unit load.

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Pogany, D., N. Seliger, M. Litzenberger, H. Gossner, M. Stecher, T. Müller-Lynch, W. Werner, and E. Gornik. "Damage analysis in smart-power technology electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices." Microelectronics Reliability 39, no. 6-7 (June 1999): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2714(99)00162-6.

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Parker, K. R. "Improving electrostatic precipitator performance for power stations." Power Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19970407.

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Pan, Wei Guo, Chao Lin Shi, Fu Xiao Li, Han Cheng Luo, Rui Tang Guo, Hong Lei Ding, and Jie Nan Hong. "The Emission Control Technology of PM_2.5 from Coal-Fired Plant." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1346.

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A major source of PM2.5is the combustion of coal-fired power plant, so its very necessary to monitor and control the emission of PM2.5form power plant. This paper summarizes the main emission control technologies of PM2.5for coal-fired plant. As the traditional electrostatic precipitators has low removal efficiency of submicron particles, so we improved the supply conditions of the precipitator, and pre-charged to improve the particle properties. Through this article, we know that using electric coagulation technology to control the particles form plant is practicable, and it has a good prospect for development.

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Zhang, Ying Shuai, Chun Yu Wang, Lei Wang, Jin Wu Cheng, and Kai Qiao. "Control Technology of PM_2.5 in Coal-Fired Power Plant and Experiment on Dedusting Performance of Typical Filters to PM_2.5." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2135.

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People pay more and more attention on the fine particle pollution in the air with the improvement of environmental awareness. Coal-fired power plant is an important source of the fine particle emissions. The principles of three dedusting methods applied in coal-fired power plants were explained, which were electrostatic precipitator, bag deduster and composite electrostatic-bag precipitator. In addition, PM2.5 removal efficiency of three dedusting methods was analyzed and discussed based on the test results. The experiment, with the AFC-131test rig, was carried out on dedusting performance of typical filters, to study the effect of pressure drop of filters on the emission characteristics of PPS filter material of different processing technology and posttreatment.

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Unnikrishnan, Kavita, Avireni Srinivasulu, and Surada Musala. "Power Rail ESD Protection Design Methodology Using Voltage-Gain Inverter Based Feedback Technology." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 19385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19385ecst.

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In power rail, electrostatic discharge (ESD) is one of the assured issues to be faced. This paper intended to have a voltage gain inverter-based response technology for power rail ESD protection. This paper proposes a power MOSFET to discharge ESD current with 10 ns RC time constant for triggering and transmission gate based clamp is to keep it on until ESD event, which is 28% more efficient than the conventional clamp. The proposed clamp can endure 4500V of HBM (Human Body Model) pulse and also suitable for Charged-Device Model (CDM) protection. Here, LTspice software is used to check out the ESD performance of the transmission gate-based clamp.

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Chen, Geng, Lihua Tang, Zhaoshu Yang, Kai Tao, and Zhibin Yu. "An electret‐based thermoacoustic‐electrostatic power generator." International Journal of Energy Research 44, no. 3 (December 4, 2019): 2298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.5019.

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Wang, He Cen, De Hou Jiang, and Qin Wang. "Study on Application and Issues of Bag Dedusters in Coal-Fired Power Plants." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2634–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2634.

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To meet the standard requirements of dust emission for boiler and ensure the safety and normal operation of desulfurization equipment, bag dust filtering technologies have been used widely to deal with flue gas. Because of design defects and different running conditions, abnormal breakage may appear in the key parts of the bags, particularly some issues such as oxidation and acidic corrosion of the bags may happen in short-term application of electrostatic-bag precipitators. This paper elaborates the status of bag filters in coal-fired power plants, discusses some issues of bag filtering technology in design, manufacture and operation, and especially analyses the special problems of composite electrostatic-bag precipitators. Solutions are presented for extending the life of filtering bags.

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OLEKSANDRENKO, V., V. SVIDERSRKYI, L. KIRICHENKO, and V. YEFYMENKO. "THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON ADHESION STRENGTH OF FLUOROPLASTICS COATINGS TO METAL SURFACES." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 301, no. 5 (October 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-301-5-45-51.

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The ways of regulating adhesion of fluoroplastic coatings to metal surfaces are analyzed. It has been established that polymer and metal modification is necessary to increase the adhesive strength and resistance of fluoroplastic coatings. The relative impact of the nature of the metal on the strength of adhesive compounds of polymer – metal is less influenced by the nature of the polymer. The strength of metal compounds is significantly affected by the activation of the metal surface by mechanical treatment (grinding etc.). Various methods of oxidation, etching, metal phosphating are recommended to increase the adhesive strength of fluoropolymer coatings. Method of investigation of adhesion and resistance to scratch damage of coatings is given. The influence of composition and temperature-time conditions of the ground layer formation of the coating on adhesive strength of metal-polymeric compounds was investigated. Detailed operation modes are described. The properties of the ground layer of fluoropolymer Ф-30П are given. The peculiarities of the fluoroplastic coating ground layer formation are outlined. The technology of application of the fluoroplastic coating ground layer on electroplating of metal surfaces has been developed. The coating on the metal surface was done by electrostatic spraying of the ground layer powder at an electric field voltage of 50 kV. The deformation and strength properties of the unstabilized Ф-30П fluoroplast are found to be quite high, which together with high adhesive strength makes it possible to recommend this polymer as primer. It is also advisable to melt the ground layers in more rigid temeperature-time modes (melting temperature 2600 C, duration – 2 hours) in order to ensure higher adhesion strength. The adhesive strength of the Ф-30П fluoroplastic coating can be increased by 10-15% by additional heating at a temperature of 2400 C for two hours. Analysis of the results showed that the resistance of fluoroplastic coatings based on Ф-30П to damage by scratching with an increase in the graphite content of C-1 from 15% to 25% increases by a factor of 2.11, and inserting to coating with 25 mas.% of C-1 graphite additional 3 mas. % of the aerosil-based amino-ergoholozenese – 3.16 times. The additional termoprocessing of these coatings increases the resistance to damage by scratching by 30 per cent. Recommendations on the use of research results for obtaining fluoroplastic coatings with high-adhesion to metal surfaces are given.

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Tian, Zhuo, and Bai Cheng Li. "Conduction Uniformity Improvement of ESD Protection Device in 0.35 μm Partially-Depleted SOI Salicided CMOS Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3251.

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ComparedtobulkCMOStechnology,Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology has many advantages, such as low power consumption, low leakage current, low parasitic capacitance and a low soft error rate from both alpha particles and cosmic rays. However,electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in SOI technology is still a major substantial barrier to overcome for the poor thermal conductivity of isolation oxide and the absence of vertical diode and silicon controlled rectifier (SCR).

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Jiang, Zhengrong, Huiyue Zhang, Zhiyu Zhang, and Jiahui Li. "Phase shift voltage regulating control technology in high voltage electrostatic precipitator power supply." International Journal of Power Electronics 12, no. 2 (2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpelec.2020.10029997.

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Li, Jiahui, Zhiyu Zhang, Huiyue Zhang, and Zhengrong Jiang. "Phase shift voltage regulating control technology in high voltage electrostatic precipitator power supply." International Journal of Power Electronics 12, no. 2 (2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpelec.2020.108846.

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Gassoumi, Ismail, Lamjed Touil, Bouraoui Ouni, and Abdellatif Mtibaa. "An Ultra-Low Power Parity Generator Circuit Based on QCA Technology." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2019 (October 7, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1675169.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is one of the emerging technologies that can be used for replacing CMOS technology. It has attracted significant attention in the recent years due to its extremely low power dissipation, high operating frequency, and a small size. In this study, we demonstrate an n-bit parity generator circuit by utilizing QCA technology. Here, a novel XOR gate is used in the synthesis of the proposed circuit. The proposed gate is based on electrostatic interactions between cells to perform the desired function. The comparison results demonstrate that the designed QCA circuits have advantages compared to other circuits in terms of cell count, area, delay, and power consumption. The QCADesigner software, as widely used QCA circuit design and verification, has been used to implement and to verify all of the designs in this study. Power dissipation has been computed for the proposed circuit using accurate QCAPro power estimator tool.

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SRETENOVIC, IVAN. "New learnings and strategies for meeting future recovery boiler particulate emission limits with existing electrostatic precipitators." June 2021 20, no. 6 (July 1, 2021): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.6.405.

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It is foreseeable that recovery boiler particulate emission limits in the United States and Canada will continue to get more stringent with time. Because of this, continued improvement of emission control equipment, as well as a better understanding of how operating parameters affect performance, are necessary. Although electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are often viewed as a mature technology, many improvements in ESP technology continue to be developed. In recent years, academic efforts have improved the understanding of recovery boiler operating conditions on ESP performance. Additionally, advancements in materials, power supplies, and design continue to improve the efficiency and reliability of ESPs. This paper discusses how recovery boiler and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) operating factors affect ESP performance based on process simulations and practical experience, and how these learnings can be implemented to improve future operation of existing ESPs.

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Prabhu, Vinit, Sangkyoung Lee, and Herek L. Clack. "Electrostatic Precipitation of Powdered Activated Carbon and Implications for Secondary Mercury Adsorption within Electrostatic Precipitators." Energy & Fuels 25, no. 3 (March 17, 2011): 1010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef1009567.

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Lefley, P. "Breathe easy [electrostatic precipitator]." Power Engineer 20, no. 1 (2006): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20060107.

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Yamamoto, Akio, Toshiki Niino, Takahisa Ban, and Toshiro Higuchi. "A high-power electrostatic motor using skewed electrodes." Electrical Engineering in Japan 125, no. 3 (January 6, 1999): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6416(19981130)125:3<50::aid-eej6>3.0.co;2-r.

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David, Beula, Indira Megaravalli Shankarappa, and Balaji Nerayanur. "High voltage power supply controller for Electrostatic precipitators." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp432-443.

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Gaseous exhausts from various industries pollute the environment with fly-ash generally filtered by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) before being released to the atmosphere. This paper presents the development of a controller for ESP power supply. The controller maintains the voltage applied to ESP at its maximum average value by duty cycle control that results in an improvement in dust collection-efficiency. The limiting factor for the output voltage is the breakdown of gas (spark/arc) in the electrode gap of ESP. During a spark/arc condition, the duty cycle limit imposed by the controller causes a reduction in output voltage that leads to the prevention of spark/arc. The present design has a response faster than line frequency power supply controllers. The control circuit is simpler, easy to implement and uses a standard PWM controller IC. The design of power stage uses a flyback current-fed push-pull DC-DC converter with multiple secondary circuits, which has the advantages of instantaneous current limit and less voltage stress on rectifier-diodes. Simulation is performed to obtain a 1 kV, 100 W output from a 24VDC source. The results are compared with experimental values to validate the controller’s ability to achieve good load regulation during normal operation and a reduction in output voltage during spark/arc condition.

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Huang, Ci, Mirko Schoenitz, and Edward L. Dreizin. "Ignition of zirconium powders placed near an electrostatic discharge." Combustion and Flame 226 (April 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.11.039.

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Bayless, David J., M. Khairul Alam, Roger Radcliff, and John Caine. "Membrane-based wet electrostatic precipitation." Fuel Processing Technology 85, no. 6-7 (June 2004): 781–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.025.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Powder electrostatic technology'

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