Journal articles on the topic 'Poverty – Statistical methods'
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1
Oleynik, Olga, and Andrey Oleynik. "Challenges of Statistical Measuring of Population Poverty." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 2 (August 2020): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.2.8.
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Now that Russia is undergoing substantial social and economic transformations that affect all social aspects, the problem of acquiring objective statistics of people’s living standards, social stratification and poverty levels becomes crucial. There are a number of methods to determine poverty by means of monetary and nonmonetary approaches. The extent of poverty then will differ significantly depending on the determinations and methods used. The article analyzes the methods to measure poverty both globally and in Russia. The evaluation methodologies of household budget designed and approved by Russia’s Federal Statistics Service and capable of providing the extensive data on poverty in Russia are reviewed. The specifics of poverty level evaluations obtained both directly from the results of household budget studies and by means of analytical modeling are revealed. It is shown that Russian statistics analyses people’s income and consumer spending as the basis determination of various poverty level indicators, such as the number of people living below the subsistence level, absolute poverty, relative poverty indices and others. The international and Russian academic societies have a vast experience of the development and testing of modern practices and instrumental approaches to the determination and measurement of poverty. The article discusses the contemporary multidimensional methods of poverty measurement, material deprivation and social exclusion, and justifies the necessity to expand the income distribution and poverty scoring system. Monitoring the poverty level in Russia is an important analytical tool for public authorities and scientists.
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Pudney, Stephen. "On Some Statistical Methods for Modelling the Incidence of Poverty." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61, no. 3 (August 1999): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00135.
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Sokolin, V. L., and V. M. Bryseva. "Statistical Measurement of Poverty and Inequality in the CIS Countries." Voprosy statistiki 26, no. 9 (September 28, 2019): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-9-5-19.
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This article deals with methodological, organizational and practical issues of measuring poverty and inequality in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the context of international statistical recommendations, in particular, the Agenda for Sustainable Development. The paper provides basic conceptual approaches to measuring monetary and non-monetary poverty, as reflected in the national practices of statistical offices of the CIS countries.The authors determine the role of income and expenditure indicators in measuring poverty and inequality in the CIS region. They also identify the main challenges and issues of income and expenditure statistics arising from differences in data sources, applied classifications and aggregation methods. The paper includes some recommendations on the unification of methods for collecting income and expenditure statistics, developed as part of the joint UNECE, Rosstat and CIS-Stat project on harmonization of poverty indicators for monitoring sustainable development in CIS Countries.The article addresses national practical applications of poverty measuring concepts concerning absolute, relative and subjective poverty.Another important matter that this paper discusses is the comparability of poverty statistics to review progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the CIS region. It is associated with the use of different poverty lines and welfare indicators, that serve as a basis for constructing population distribution series. The authors provide a method for calculating poverty indicators using the international and national poverty lines.The article formulates ways to further improve poverty statistics that are aimed at developing integral indicators and criteria to measure poverty not only on the basis of income and expenditure, but also taking into account factors affecting the population’s quality of life (primarily, the possibility of obtaining health care services, education, access to clean drinking water and adequate sanitary conditions), environmental situation, life safety.
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Migranova, Lyudmila, and Irina Korchagina. "Social minimum living standard in Russia: estimation methods." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 17, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.2.3.
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The minimum living standard of the population in Russia since 1992 is subsistence minimum (SM). It plays a significant social role as a criterion for the assessment of the need of households for social assistance. The methods for SM calculating were periodically changed, but the rate of absolute poverty was always measured by the share of the population with income below SM. The article considers in detail the methods for estimating SM, adopted in 2013 and based on normative-statistical approach. Analysis of the food consumption and the structure of consumer spending of poor households, based on Household Budget Survey 2012-2019, revealed their non-compliance with the SM that was effective up to and including 2020. Since 2021 estimation of poverty is made by statistical methods without calculating minimum consumer basket (Law № 473-ФЗ as of 29.12.2020). The poverty line is determined by the ratio to median income per capita, and the poverty rate is of relative character. Retrospective analysis of the dynamics in the per capita and median incomes of the RF population and the SM per capita for 2013-2020 makes it possible to estimate the difference in the rates of absolute and relative poverty and to understand what guided the developers of the law in determining the SM per capita at 44.2% of the median income and the value of SM for the main sociodemographic groups of the population for the year 2021. In addition, on concrete examples, by means of the logarithmic normal function used by Rosstat for calculation of the population income distribution, it is shown, at what ratio of the median income to the average, the rate of absolute poverty may be reduced by half as compared to 2019
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ZHURAVLEVA, Tat'yana A., Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA, and Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA. "Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 12 (December 27, 2021): 2294–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.12.2294.
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Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.
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Ivanchenko, I. S. "The causes of poverty in Russia." Financial Analytics: Science and Experience 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fa.13.1.21.
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Subject. This article analyzes the changes in poverty of the population of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The article aims to identify macroeconomic variables that will have the most effective impact on reducing poverty in Russia. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, and statistical analyses. Results. The article presents a list of macroeconomic variables that, according to Western scholars, can influence the incomes of the poorest stratum of society and the number of unemployed in the country. The regression analysis based on the selected variables reveals those ones that have a statistically significant impact on the financial situation of the Russian poor. Relevance. The results obtained can be used by the financial market mega-regulator to make anti-poverty decisions. In addition, the models built can be useful to the executive authorities at various levels for short-term forecasting of the number of unemployed and their income in drawing up regional development plans for the areas.
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Zharomsky, Vladislav. "Building an integrated poverty measure by three poverty profiles." Population 22, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/1561-7785-2019-00007.
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On the basis of estimating three poverty profiles calculated on sample surveys data, the article presents the methods for obtaining an integrated poverty measure, which solves the model of latent structural analysis with binary classes. In such surveys as Parents and Children, Men and Women in Family, HSE Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, Russian Household Budget Survey, there are questions characterizing different profiles of poverty — economic, deprivation and subjective. The last-mentioned profile presents a subjective perception of one’s position on the scale of living standards. Estimates by the three profiles measure different sides of poverty, but it is not clear how they are harmonized, and whether latent poverty is statistically reflected in them. The model of the latent structural analysis may give a positive or negative answer to this question. In case of the positive answer it is proposed to take the probability of latent poverty as an integrated poverty measure. The article provides the results of calculations for three groups of households: those of pensioners, of able-bodied persons, and mixed households consisting of pensioners and the able-bodied. On the data from the largest Rosstat survey — Statistical Survey of Income and Participation in Social Programs (VNDN) were made estimates of latent poverty for urban and rural population of Russia, for households with different number of children. It shows that latent poverty and coherence of different population groups are not contrary to the meaningful views on the phenomenon. It is found out that the understated size of the subsistence minimum (absolute poverty line) leads to lack of coherence between three estimates for households of pensioners. In this case, feeling of poverty and deprivation levels are not in line with the economic estimation of poverty.
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Razumov, Alexander, and Olga Selivanova. "Households at Risk of Poverty: Regional Aspect." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 18, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.2.8.
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The article reviews the main approaches to the definition and measurement of poverty, the author's definition of the poverty profile is given. Based on the data of Statistical Survey of Income and Participation in Social Programs 2019 by Rosstat the tools for constructing and analyzing the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the population with average monthly per capita monetary incomes from 1.0 to 1.2 subsistence minimum (PM), located in the zone of increased risk of crossing the official poverty line are developed and tested. The modal characteristics of the population in the zone of increased risk of poverty both in Russia and in the North Caucasus and Volga Federal Districts separately are studied. Methods of work: dialectical method of cognition, systematic approach, structural analysis, methods of statistical processing of information, comparisons and groupings, general scientific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, etc.). As a result of the conducted research, the causes and specifics of regional poverty of the Russian population are determined and categories of families (households) are identified with average monthly per capita monetary incomes from 1.0 to 1.2 PM, who have the highest risks of poverty. The scope of application of the results obtained - the results of the analysis of the characteristics of families at risk of poverty contained in the work can be used by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the development of preventive measures to prevent the population near the poverty line from falling into the category of poor.
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Liang, Tian, and Xuefang Wang. "A Statistical Analysis Model of Big Data for Precise Poverty Alleviation Based on Multisource Data Fusion." Scientific Programming 2022 (March 14, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5298988.
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This paper adopts the method of multisource big data fusion to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of precision poverty alleviation and uses big data statistical analysis model to explore and analyze it. Combining the characteristics of big data itself and the development of precision poverty alleviation, it focuses on the exploration of big data and introduces the background, development status, and achieved results of poverty alleviation with typical cases, followed by the analysis of the problems in the process of big data precision poverty alleviation and the study of the improvement path of big data technology precision poverty alleviation. Through the comparative analysis of the simulation accuracy of three models, the results show that the random forest model has the lowest error rate, after which the importance degree of indicators is derived using the model. In addition, the empirical analysis of the preprocessed sample data for multidimensional identification of poor households yields the contribution rate of each dimensional indicator that leads to multidimensional poverty of farm households, establishing scientific judging criteria to accurately judge whether farm households are poor on the one hand and selecting accurate identification methods to achieve accurate identification of poor households on the other hand. The tenfold crossover method is used to verify the errors in the test sample set. When the number of classification trees is greater than 100, it will gradually increase. Therefore, it is most appropriate to select the number of trees as 100. The multidimensional accurate identification model of farm household poverty constructed in this paper has an accuracy rate of 90.26% for the identification of poor households. By analyzing the accuracy rate of model identification and the contribution rate of multidimensional indicators leading to the poverty of farm households at the same time, the poverty degree of farm households under each dimensional indicator is derived, to accurately identify the poor households and their poverty status. The results show that the multidimensional accurate identification model of farm household poverty has the accurate identification ability and application value in the identification problem of poor households, and through the implementation of the model algorithm, a good application environment of accurate identification of poverty is created, which provides technical support to help poverty alleviation work and improve the accuracy of identification of poor households.
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Razumov, A. A., and O. V. Selivanova. "POVERTY IN RUSSIA: REGIONAL FEATURES AND PROSPECTS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION INSTRUMENTS." Social@labor researches 45, no. 4 (2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2021-45-4-75-88.
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The article examines the theoretical and methodological, and methodical approaches to the definition and measurement of poverty, proposed by international organizations and Russian and foreign experts, and shows their evolution. The paper reveals the relationship between socio-economic crises leading to a worsening employment situation and the level of poverty. The subject of the research is poverty in Russian regions and regional programs contributing to its reduction. The aim of the study is to monitor and analyze regional data on poverty reduction in Russian regions. Methods of work: dialectical method of cognition, systems approach, structural analysis, comparative approach, methods of statistical information processing, general scientific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, etc.), analysis of the materials provided by Russian regions. Research results: the reasons and specific features of the regional poverty in Russia are determined, considering the multifactorial territorial differentiation; based on the monitoring of regional programs, existing measures to reduce poverty were systematized and classified, and the most promising instruments for reducing poverty were substantiated both in the area of employment and wage policies and in the area of increasing efficiency of social support measures. The scope of application: the results of the analysis and monitoring of regional programs to reduce the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level and the proposals and recommendations formulated on their basis, can be used by federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the Russian regions in the development of poverty reduction mechanisms both at the territorial and federal levels.
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WĄSOWICZ, JAROSŁAW, and ANNA SĄCZEWSKA-PIOTROWSKA. "EMPLOYMENT FLEXIBILITY AS A DETERMINANT OF YOUTH POVERTY." sj-economics scientific journal 26, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v26i3.164.
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The aim of the article is to identify the risk of poverty in the youth population, mainly aged 15-24 in the European Union, with particular emphasis on the employment of so-called flexible forms of employment. The specific aim of the article is to investigate the interdependencies between the selected variables that determine the phenomenon of economic poverty and the proportion of young people with flexible employment (part-time and temporary work). Taking into account the availability and comparability of the statistical data, selected statistical characteristics have been included to describe the economic poverty of youth and their situation on the labour markets in the European Union. As a measure of youth poverty aged 15-24, the risk of poverty, the rate of severe material deprivation, and the proportion of people living in low work intensity households were taken into account. The analysis period covers the years 2004-2015. The main source of statistics is the Eurostat base. The study covered all EU Member States (being members on the date of data collection), regardless of the moment of EU accession. Theanalysis uses simple statistical methods to investigate the correlation between the selected variables and the dispersion measure. As a source of data to address the risk of youth poverty the findings of EU-SILC were used.
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Жолудева, В. В. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF POVERTY AND POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION AND METHODS OF THEIR ASSESSMENT (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE YAROSLAVL REGION)." Vestnik APK Verhnevolzh`ia, no. 1(57) (March 30, 2022): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35694/yarcx.2022.57.1.013.
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Значительное неравенство в доходах, приводящее к концентрации богатства и бедности, становится характерной чертой российского общества. В статье проведён статистический анализ показателей, характеризующих уровень бедности и дифференциации населения в Ярославской области. Для исследования выбраны основные показатели, принятые на государственном уровне для расчёта индикаторов уровня жизни, – среднедушевые доходы населения, коэффициенты фондов и Джини. Проведено моделирование распределения населения Ярославской области по среднедушевым доходам, а также статистическая оценка на базе этого распределения основных характеристик уровня бедности и дифференциации населения по доходам. Статистический анализ показал, что в 2020 году наблюдается сокращение процента населения с доходами ниже прожиточного минимума, а также снижение коэффициентов дифференциации населения. Это свидетельствует о том, что наметилась тенденция роста уровня жизни населения в Ярославской области. Significant income inequality leading to a concentration of wealth and poverty is becoming a characteristic feature of Russian society. The article contains a statistical analysis of indicators characterizing the level of poverty and population differentiation in the Yaroslavl region. For the research the main indicators adopted at the state level for calculating indicators of living standards were selected – average per capita incomes of the population, ratios of funds and Gini coefficient. A simulation of the population distribution of the Yaroslavl region by average per capita income was carried out, as well as a statistical assessment based on this distribution of the main characteristics of the poverty level and the differentiation of the population by income. Statistical analysis showed that in 2020 there was a decrease in the percentage of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum, as well as a decrease in population differentiation rates. This indicates that there has been a tendency to increase the living standard of the population in the Yaroslavl region.
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Hillebrecht, Michael, Stefan Klonner, Noraogo A Pacere, and Aurélia Souares. "Community-Based versus Statistical Targeting of Anti-Poverty Programs: Evidence from Burkina Faso." Journal of African Economies 29, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 271–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jafeco/ejz026.
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Abstract Targeting of governmental welfare programmes in low-income countries commonly relies on statistical procedures involving household-level data, while smaller-scale programmes often employ community-based targeting, where village communities themselves identify beneficiaries. Combining original data from community-based targeting exercises in Burkina Faso with a household survey we compare the targeting accuracy of community-based targeting with four common statistical targeting methods when the objective is to target consumption-poor households. We find that community-based targeting is substantially less accurate than statistical targeting in villages, while it is as accurate as the much more costly statistical methods in semi-urban areas. We show that this difference is due to differences in poverty concepts held by rural and urban communities. Its large cost advantage makes community-based targeting far more cost-effective than statistical targeting for common amounts of welfare programme benefits.
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Sadykov, R. M. "Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 18, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.18.4.739.
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Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.
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Oleynik, Olga, Andrey Oleynik, and Ekaterina Stepanova. "Features of Measuring Poverty Indicators: International and Russian Experience." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 4 (December 2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.4.5.
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The paper provides a comparative analysis of methodological approaches to poverty measuring in the Russian Federation and in the global perspective in the current situation on the following key aspects: methods of poverty measuring in official statistics, problems in defining and measuring subjective poverty in different countries. Through the empirical qualitative research we analyzed a wide base of official data and reports of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC), the Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS STAT), the Federal State Statistics Service, and subsequently analytically interpreted them. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that different countries use various methods of measuring the level of poverty and criteria for its assessment. This situation does not relate to the analytical needs of the society, government authorities and scientists. The Guide of UNECE was developed in order to ensure international comparability and accessibility of poverty indicators. The Guide substantiates the indicators and identifies the needs for appropriate baseline data for measuring poverty, and offers methodological recommendations for national statistical services. The multidimensional measurement of poverty is currently relevant. This approach allows to take into account not only monetary indicators, but also other aspects of people’s life, such as health, living conditions, education, involvement in economic and social relations, etc. The study of the methodological features of poverty measuring in Russia revealed the need for a more detailed development of poverty indicators. At present, the Federal State Statistics Service is adopting new measures in order to include the Indices of Material Deprivation and Poverty and Social Exclusion Risk into the national list of indexes of Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, currently the transition to new methodological and practical approaches to Population Income Survey is being carried out.
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ERMAKOVA, Eka R., and Dar'ya V. VASHURKINA. "Poverty in the European Union and in Russia: A comparative analysis." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 697–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.4.697.
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Subject. The article considers and compares methods used in the European and domestic practice for determining the poverty line. Objectives. Our aim is to underpin the need to abandon the absolute approach to determining the poverty line in Russia in favor of relative approaches. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of cognition (comparison, analysis, and synthesis) and special methods of economic science (rationed assessments). The data of the Federal State Statistics Service and its territorial bodies, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, etc. serve as the information base of the study. Results. The paper shows the failure of the absolute approach to poverty measurement, reveals its shortcomings, determines that it distorts the picture of economic reality in the study of poverty. We apply the European monetary approach to poverty measurement. The comparative analysis of poverty rates in Western Europe and in Russia confirms the existence of extreme forms of poverty, both in developed European States and in our country. The paper uses the ‘zone theory’ to assess the severity of poverty in Russia; the actual values of these indicators in Western Europe serve as thresholds. Conclusions. The use of the relative monetary approach to measure poverty in the country gives a more accurate idea. Since 2021, Russia has switched to a similar method of calculating the subsistence rate and the minimum wage. Hence, the officially recorded level of poverty in the country will increase, and this will require additional measures to support the poor by the State.
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Karlova, M., and E. Ryazanceva. "MODELING THE POVERTY LEVEL IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BASED ON A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 9, no. 3 (October 16, 2021): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2021-9-3-142-156.
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The article raises the question of modeling the level of poverty as one of the most important socio-economic indicators. A review of publications by domestic and foreign scientists-economists proves the relevance of the topic chosen for the study. Today, the time series apparatus acts as one of the popular tools for studying the dynamics of the poverty level and the factors that directly influence it, but classical statistical forecasting methods impose rather strict assumptions on the construction of models. The article discusses the possibility of using automated neural networks of the STATISTICA package for analyzing and forecasting a time series composed of annual data reflecting the dynamics of the poverty level in the Russian Federation over the past 20 years. The study took into account the strengths and weaknesses of the use of the neural network apparatus for predicting socio-economic processes. The construction of economic and mathematical models was carried out by building automated neural networks, custom neural networks and the method of multiple sampling. When choosing the most preferable model, a multidimensional criterion was used. The comparison of the real poverty level with the values obtained using the models is made, the quality assessment of the developed models is calculated, the poverty level forecast for 2021-2022 is constructed.
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Awuse, Nicholas, Patrick Tadoh Offi, and Amevi Acakpovi. "Internal Migration and Poverty Reduction in Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 5, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v5i1.83.
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Nowadays, policymakers and researchers are discussing the relationship between internal migrations on poverty reduction. The uneven economic developments in Ghana these days, among others, have made the essential towns a des tination for internal migrants from other areas of the country. This study examines internal migration that acts as a way o ut of area poverty where conservative strategies on poverty reduction have failed to draw on empirical evidence on Ghana's civil movement. It is also examining how internal migration leads to economic development in rural areas. For the migrants a proportionate sample size of 680 used. Snowball sampling utilized for population selection (migrants) Gathered data from six regions and 38 districts in Ghana.It was analysed using questionnaires and interviews using versi on 22 of the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS). The research also used statistical methods such as multinomial re gression, Spearman rank analysis of correlation, and ordinal model regression. Internal migration has a positive effect on poverty alleviation in Ghana bringing good drinking water supplies, electricity expansion, sanitation facilities, improved incomes, better healthcare, better nutrition, savings and investment opportunities to migrants, their families and communities among others. In order to maximize the effect of internal migration, the study recommended policy, theoretical and practical interventions on poverty reduction in Ghana
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Chamboko, Richard, Alessandro Re, and Sevias Guvuriro. "Mapping patterns of multiple deprivation in Namibia." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2016-0031.
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Purpose As an alternative poverty analysis approach, the purpose of this paper is to map the patterns of multiple deprivation in all 13 administrative regions of Namibia using the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey data. Design/methodology/approach Unsupervised statistical learning methods including the principal component analysis, k-means clustering and bivariate analysis were applied. Findings The results show that the multiple deprivation approach is a useful alternative in characterising poverty dynamics in the country. Specifically, the mapping shows that other dimensions of poverty such as access to utilities and services among other things are equally useful welfare indicators as they scored higher than income and consumption on discriminant ability. Originality/value Unpacking the multi-dimensionality aspect of poverty has drawn significant attention from development economists and continues to play a major role in policy formulation for developing countries. The study recommends buttressing of conventional income poverty measures with multiple deprivation approaches for a comprehensive picture on poverty issues.
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Kuzembekova, R. A., and A. N. Zhanbyrbayeva. "Socio-Economic Factors of Poverty in Rural Areas of Almaty Region and Prospects for their Regulation." Economics: the strategy and practice 17, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2022-3-81-95.
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The article reveals the main factors influencing the dynamics of the severity and depth of poverty in rural areas of Almaty region, and proposals for ensuring employment and equalizing the incomes of the rural population. The introduction presents the goal of the research: analysis of the socio-economic factors of poverty in rural areas of the Almaty region and their regulation. Also presents the characteristics of the Almaty region and the relevance of the problem. The literature review provides an analysis of modern research on the problem of poverty in rural areas of the Almaty region, the latest scientific approaches to its solution in the context of urbanization, and changes in traditional business models. The methods and materials describe the characteristics of the research methodology based on the use of analysis, synthesis, anduniquel economic and socio-statistical methods. The application of economic and statistical analysis, method of relative evaluation is justified. The results of research reveal the analysis of the effectiveness and risks of development schemes for the Almaty region and the impact of factors such as urbanization, redistribution of budget financing schemes, internal migration processes on the depth and severity of poverty. The discussions substantiated the disproportions of the territories of the Almaty region and their risks of increasing the depth and severity of poverty. This requires a state policy to strengthen the transport, trade, and industrial infrastructure of rural areas. The conclusion describes recommendations, integration of depressed rural areas into the trade and production infrastructure and support of backbone enterprises.
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Malat, Jennifer, Hyun Joo Oh, and Mary Ann Hamilton. "Poverty Experience, Race, and Child Health." Public Health Reports 120, no. 4 (July 2005): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000411.
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Objectives. Studies that examine children's poverty and health at one point in time do not account for some children experiencing poverty briefly and others living in poverty for much of their lives. The objective of this study was to determine how duration of poverty and child race are related to child health. Methods. To assess these relationships, we analyzed data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its Child Development Supplement. Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate bivariate and multivariate models predicting caregiver-rated child health. The regression models assessed the statistical effect of the proportion of childhood in poverty and child race on child health, controlling for child sex, age, parental education, whether the household includes two parents, and family poverty in the last year. Results. Increasing proportion of childhood in poverty is associated with worse health status. In addition, African American children are more likely than white children to have lower-rated health status. The analysis does not support the hypothesis that poverty more strongly affects the health of African American children. Conclusions. Increasing exposure to family poverty negatively affects child health. Future research would benefit from more studies that utilize longitudinal measures of childhood poverty. We suggest that public policies to reduce childhood poverty exposure would improve child health.
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Tsvetkov, V. A., K. Kh Zoidov, K. S. Yankauskas, and Sh Kobil. "Comparative Assessment of Poverty Indicators in the European Part of the CIS and the European Union as a Social Criterion of Economic Security." Economics and Management 26, no. 9 (November 25, 2020): 924–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-9-924-939.
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The presented study comparatively analyzes indicators of the level of poverty and social inequality in Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, and the European Union (EU) as a criterion of national economic security.Aim. The study aims to examine existing approaches to determining the level of poverty and its dynamics and to consider suggestions for improving this methodology.Tasks. The authors examine and comparatively analyze approaches and methods for determining the level of poverty and its dynamics in the European Union and the CIS countries that are not members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Methods. This study uses the methods of systems analysis, evolutionary-institutional theory, and historical approach.Results. Determining the level of poverty based on the number of citizens with incomes below the subsistence level can lead to misrepresentation of the actual state of this phenomenon. Calculation of poverty indicators based on consumer spending provides more accurate data on the level of poverty in a country where a significant share of the population’s income is generated by remittances from individuals living abroad, which are not reflected in official income statistics. A comparative analysis of poverty dynamics shows that in 2013 the level of poverty in all four examined countries decreased compared to 2006. Poverty dynamics in Russia and Belarus is more synchronized than in Ukraine and Moldova. A common methodology for calculating the level of poverty in all EU countries makes it possible to conduct a more thorough comparative analysis of poverty dynamics and to formulate more accurate recommendations in the field of anti-poverty policies. Based on the identified poverty dynamics in the EU and Russia, it is highly possible that strategic objectives on poverty reduction in the European Union and Russia will not be completed.Conclusions. To exclude the possibility of interested authorities influencing the dynamics of the poverty indicator by changing its threshold values depending on the current economic or political situation, it is necessary to switch to comprehensive assessment of this indicator in Russia. For comparative cross-country data analysis, it is advisable to consider the possibility of creating a Eurasian Statistics Service within the EAEU that would collect statistics and standardize statistical methods among the EAEU member states.
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Deriglazova, Larisa, Alina Chepchugova, and Viktor Menkh. "Phenomenon of social exclusion in EU countries: Definition and measurements." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 14, no. 2 (2021): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2021.205.
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The article analyses the phenomenon of social exclusion and the EU policy in combating this problem. The article is based on the analysis of the works of European researchers, official EU documents and Eurostat statistical data. The concept of social exclusion began to develop actively in the second half of the 20th century, and quickly had been used by politicians of European countries to develop effective social policies and to fight poverty. The concept of social exclusion is not a synonymous to the concept of poverty, because exclusion offers a comprehensive study of the causes of poverty in developed societies and suggests theories that explain the causes of poverty. The concept of social exclusion becomes a policy tool, as it offers concrete directions for reduction of poverty and marginalized groups through system of targeted support, as well as actions to reduce the marginalization of groups and people living in poverty. The article presents methods of measuring this phenomenon that are used by the EU institutions to assess if individuals are at risk of poverty and social exclusion. In Russia, researchers and official representatives are noticeably interested in the concept of social exclusion. Methods of measuring poverty and social exclusion offered in the EU countries are being tested and discussed. Given the complexities of the transformation of social policy in modern Russia, taken pension reform, reform of public health system, family policy, and education, it is likely that the problem of social exclusion will remain being a distant target. Nevertheless, the interest of Russian specialists and officials to the problem and development of methods for measuring poverty using the experience of scientists from European countries provides some ground for optimism.
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Gao, Ping, Shenghe Liu, Wei Qi, and Honggang Qi. "The Nexus between Poverty and the Environment: A Case Study of Lijiang, China." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031066.
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Highlighting the nexus between poverty and environment is essential to promote poverty alleviation and sustainable development. This study analyzed spatial differences and environmental factors influencing poverty incidence and reduction using spatial statistical methods and GeoDetector tools. It focused on Lijiang in the Hengduan Mountains of western China as the case area. The results indicate a notable decline in poverty incidence in most Lijiang villages during 2014–2018 under China’s poverty alleviation strategy. However, there are distinct spatial differences for both poverty incidence and reduction. The main environmental factors affecting poverty incidence and reduction are available water storage and geological hazard risks. Socioeconomic factors such as administrative unit and distance to city center also play a key role. The anti-poverty policies in various administrative units have the most significant influence. However, existing policy formulation mainly considers elevation factor in mountainous areas. This study suggests that water resources and geological hazards should also be highly considered, and not only elevation. It is imperative to promote the construction of water conservancy facilities and improve the prevention and control of geological disasters. Moreover, targeted poverty alleviation should focus on, not only policy or socioeconomic factors, but also main environmental factors affecting poverty incidence and reduction.
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Rout, Narayan. "Role of financial inclusion in poverty alleviation in Odisha." Indian Journal of Economics and Development 8 (December 9, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijed/v8.39.
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Objectives: This study dwells on the role of financial inclusion in poverty alleviation. The alleviation of poverty is implemented by combining direct tools and indirect tools. Traditional solutions have not been as effective and sufficient to tackle poverty. Indirect tools include improving access to credit, promoting savings to the poor. Methods/Statistical analysis: We use district level branch banking and development indicators data for 30 districts of Odisha during the discrete period 1992 to 2011, since official poverty data for district levels are not released. Findings: When controlled for PDDP, number of bank branches plays a significant role to reduce poverty. We find that an increase of Rs. 10,000/- in PDDP can cause a fall in poverty by 4%, an increase of 10% in Rice Yield can cause fall in poverty by 1.5%, whereas, an additional 100 number of bank branches can reduce poverty by 4.7% in the districts. Application/Improvements: The results of this analysis could go further to achieve the millennium development goals in few years. Novelty: We find the relative ranking of the coefficients of real sector and finance sector variables, that when controlled for other variables, e.g., Rice Yield, No. of Branches and PDDP to negatively impact poverty rates. Keywords: inclusion; poverty alleviation; banking; NDDP; branches
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Merrill, Ray M. "Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity’s Association With Environmental, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors in the United States." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0522.
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Background: This study examined the effects of environmental, demographic, and lifestyle factors on leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI). Methods: Analyses were based on county-level data in the contiguous United States. Statistical methods included simple regression, univariate, and multivariate 2-level organizational models (mixed models), and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Higher average daily maximum air temperature was directly and indirectly (through smoking and obesity) positively associated with LTPI. Higher average fine particulate matter was positively associated with LTPI. Higher precipitation was negatively associated with LTPI. Altitude (≥1500 m) was associated with lower LTPI, directly because of better physical health at higher altitude and indirectly through temperature, fine particulate matter, precipitation, poverty, smoking, and obesity. Urban dwelling had direct and indirect (through poverty) negative associations with LTPI. Poverty had direct and indirect (through smoking and obesity) associations with LTPI. Smoking, poverty, and black race were each positively associated with LTPI. The association between black race and LTPI was explained by poverty. Modifying influences of gender, precipitation, and altitude were identified. Conclusions: The significant effects of temperature, fine particulate matter, precipitation, altitude, urban dwelling, poverty, smoking, and obesity on LTPI were both direct and indirect, and sex, precipitation, and altitude modified many of these associations.
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Casanova, Georgia, and Roberto Lillini. "Disability in Older People and Socio-Economic Deprivation in Italy: Effects on the Care Burden and System Resources." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010205.
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The sustainability of European Long-Term Care systems faces the demographic and socio-economic circumstances, mainly the increasing ageing of the population, with its chronic disease conditions, and the simultaneous economic general crises, exacerbated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond the increase in general rate of relative poverty, there is a higher risk of poverty among elderly and families in a high demand of care, especially if situations of Activities Daily Living (ADL) disability are present. Italian welfare, which is based on family care regimes and regional strategies, and is oriented to private or public care, is a relevant case study with which to analyze such a relationship. This paper aims to study the relationship between ADL disability and the socio-economic deprivation of families, that is, household poverty. Variables came from the ISTAT Health for All Italian Database and the INAIL Disability Allowance Database. A pool of statistical methods, based on bivariate and multivariate analyses, from bivariate correlation, through multiple linear regression to principal component factor analysis, were used to reduce the number of the variables and compute the indicators. The multivariate analysis underlines how ADL disability impacts on a household’s poverty, confirming the existence of statistical correlation between them. Moreover, the study identifies and measures two answer capability models to cope with household poverty. The answer capability of the formal system is the main tool for reducing poverty due to one family member’s ADL disability. Integration and collaboration between the formal system and family capabilities remains the main solution.
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Ilinykh, Y. M., and Z. M. Kozlova. "POVERTY ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION IN ALTAI KRAI." Economics Profession Business, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202219.
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This article analyzes the level of poverty of the population of the Russian Federation and the Altai Territory, reveals the content of the main indicators of poverty. They made it possible to determine interregional differences and spatial differentiation of the level of poverty in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Statistical data for 2010-2022 are given. in terms of the subsistence minimum and the share of the population that has incomes less than the subsistence minimum, which makes it possible to assess and analyze the level of poverty in the region. The methods that are used in the Altai Territory to eliminate this problem are identified, the most promising tools for reducing poverty are substantiated both in the field of employment policy and wages, and in the field of increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of social support measures for the population. The main technologies of state and local authorities to overcome the poverty of the population are considered. Solving the problem of poverty in Russia and the Altai Territory should become a priority task of the government’s internal socio-economic policy.
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Kraszewska, Beata. "Using data clustering in evaluation the diversity of poverty danger in Polish subregions." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 5 (May 25, 2016): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0993.
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The article discusses the use of cluster analysis methods to assess the differentiation of risk of poverty in the Polish subregion. On the basis of data on the labor market, wages and social care, developed on the basis of the resources of the Local Data Bank of the CSO and their variable-correlation verification, the author has defined a set of diagnostic features used to determine the cluster of sub-regions similar in terms of risk of poverty. Results were compared with the results of study work in the field of spatial diversification of estimating at-risk-of-poverty rate (ARPR) in 2011 conducted by the Small Areas Statistics Centre of the Statistical Office in Poznań in cooperation with experts from the World Bank.
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Ramskyi, Andrii. "Ways to Overcome Poverty and Income Inequality in the Context of New Global Challenges: the Most Important Conclusions for Ukraine." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 24, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.24.21.
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The article examines the risks of deepening poverty and income inequality that arise from global challenges of population aging, job losses due to shrinking sales markets, trade wars, long-term quarantine and compliance with the safe distancing of people as part of restrictive measures against the spread of COVID–19, the nature of employment (remote work, temporary reduction of labor migration), and other norms in the fight against the dangerous contagious disease. Given the facts that the prevention of spreading and localization of dangerous diseases, their treatment, and the rehabilitation of patients affect all segments of the population, have negative effects on all areas of people’s lives and also add to the increase of socio-economic risks, including poverty and inequality, the study of this issue is extremely relevant. The financial implications of these challenges for many households lead to falling real incomes, and an increase in costs and debts, and their non-repayment, which generally cause sudden poverty and increasing inequality of income and property.
Purpose of the article: To investigate the risks of poverty, including sudden poverty, the inequality of household incomes amid the fight against the COVID–19 pandemic, and it identifies ways to overcome them. Methods: A review of the scientific literature, a presentation of statistical data, and statistical research.
Findings & Value added: As a result of research, a list of new risks of poverty and income inequality is outlined, and preliminary assessments of the consequences of the COVID–19 for households are summarized; signs of short-term loss are generalized; the solvency of households as a possible precondition for sudden poverty is evaluated; cross‑country comparisons of poverty risk are made; the scheme of state aid to improve living standards of people during the outbreak of new dangerous diseases in the EU and Ukraine is generalized; ways to overcome poverty and income inequality are substantiated to restore the resilience of financially vulnerable households and ensuring the development of human capital.
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Mdluli, Phindile. "Analysing the Determinants of Poverty among Female-Headed Households: The Case of South Africa." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(134).
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Poverty remains a critical and complex phenomenon in developing countries, South Africa included. Over the years, poverty has escalated significantly, particularly in Africa, while it has declined in most developed regions. The worsening statistics in Africa have raised concerns of a lack of understanding of poverty among policymakers and governments. In South Africa, poverty has been increasing, with more than 50 percent of households living in poverty. Additionally, approximately 26 percent of females live in extreme poverty, while at the same time the country is experiencing a growing trend of female-headed households continually identified as vulnerable to the indignities of poverty compared to male-headed households. Although poverty in South Africa has been studied extensively, existing literature shows that it is still a debatable topic, since the dynamics have not improved much, but rather worsened in recent years particularly post-apartheid. Using the 2018 general household survey data with a sample of 19 219 observations collected by Statistics South Africa, the primary objective of the study is to examine the determinants of poverty among female-headed households in South Africa. The study uses the following statistical methods: descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and a binary logistic regression. The estimated results show that factors such as education level, employment status, age, gender, race, household size and marital status determine the poverty status of female-headed households. Females experience higher levels of poverty when compared to their male counterpart using the upper bound poverty line. Keywords: Poverty, household, female-headed household, male-headed households, South Africa
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Sulaeman, Maman, Wilman San Marino, Riza Faizal, and Ristina Siti Sundari. "Poverty Reduction Through Skills Training Strives for a Poor Family." Proceeding of Community Development 2 (February 21, 2019): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.324.
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Poverty is still a major and complex problem posed by the conditions and the interaction of social, cultural, political and economic. The issue of the economy as the crucial factor which should get extra attention from the Government. One form of attention in poverty reduction programs with the release of such a community in the form of skills training. The community development activities aimed at improving the ability of the community in this endeavor are tailored to the interests and skills of the community as well as the conditions of the region, including how to expand its business in order to develop marketing area. The positive value of this endeavor is skills training the growing confidence and self-esteem of poor families to overcome the problems encountered and to improve the conditions of life. Methods used in community development this mixed method between Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and survey. In order to support the accuracy of the data, the team uses statistical analysis. The result of this outreach activity shows that statistically, skills training program strives for a poor family in the real effect towards poverty reduction.
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Korobkova, N. Yu. "TRAJECTORIES AND ASPECTS OF LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF POVERTY IN RUSSIAN REGIONS." Social & labor researches 46, no. 1 (2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2022-46-1-72-79.
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The aim of the study is to determine the regional trajectories of the poverty changes in Russia in 1995-2020, to identify the most and least successful regions in terms of poverty reduction. In the process of work, the author uses the methods of analysis and generalization of statistical data of Rosstat, systematization and classification of scientific data obtained in the course of early domestic research on poverty. The study results confirm that the all-Russian dynamics of poverty reflect the crisis and recovery periods of the country's economy and highlight a polarization of Russian regions by poverty level. The author analyzes the main changes that have taken place in the redistribution of regional groups of "leaders" and "outsiders", the main aspects of regional poverty in Russia and the possible reasons for the sharp polarization of regions in this indicator. The research results can be of practical importance in the context of studying the experience of the most successful regions that have demonstrated the most effective poverty reduction compared to other regions, and be useful to federal and regional authorities in developing poverty reduction policies. The author concludes that the results of this study may become the basis for further detailed analysis, for example, clustering of regions and typical characteristics of the regions of each cluster in order to identify factors that ensure effective poverty reduction or, on the contrary, successful poverty combating.
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الخولي, احمد, إبراهيم إبراهيم, and مينا يونان. "استخدام الأساليب الإحصائية لقياس الفقر - حالة مصر الوسطى Using statistical methods to measure poverty - The State of Central Egypt." Journal of Urban Research 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jur.2016.91914.
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Šoltés, Erik, Mária Vojtková, and Tatiana Šoltésová. "Changes in the geographical distribution of youth poverty and social exclusion in EU member countries between 2008 and 2017." Moravian Geographical Reports 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2020-0001.
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AbstractWith respect to the fulfillment of the objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy, the threat of poverty and social exclusion has not been sufficiently reduced in the European Union (EU) over the past decade, and large regional disparities persist. Young people are the most affected by the problems of income poverty, material deprivation and labour market exclusion, which are the three dimensions of poverty and social exclusion. In this article, we focus on comparing the EU countries in terms of the three listed dimensions, while revealing similarities and differences in the incidence and severity of these social phenomena among youth. In addition to measuring dimensions by the currently used AROPE (at risk of poverty or social exclusion) rate, we also use a larger spectrum of relevant indicators for a more comprehensive analysis. While the AROPE aggregate indicator uses the same methodology for the population of young people as for the whole population, our approach includes indicators that are specific to young people. We assume that all dimensions affect each other, so we apply multidimensional statistical methods such as principal components and cluster analysis to analyse them. These methods have revealed that some dimensions affect poverty and social exclusion to a greater extent and others to a lesser extent than might appear to be the case, based on AROPE’s partial rates. Moreover, we present quantified integral indicators that together with the results of the multivariate methods, provide a rather complex picture concerning the geographical distribution of poverty and social exclusion, as well as their dimensions in the EU, for the population of persons aged 18–24 years in 2008 and 2017.
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Leiputė, Beatričė. "Lithuania in the Context of Sustainable Development." Lietuvos statistikos darbai 53, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ljs.2014.13891.
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The goal of this paper is to analyze the tendencies of social exclusion and inequality in Lithuania and in the context of Europe. By using statistical methods such as Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve, firstly we analyze the inequality of average county disposable household income per month. In the second part of the study, we analyze an indicator of people at-risk-of poverty or social exclusion in 26 different countries of Europe. In this section, we want to test the fixed and random effects models on our data. Based on them, the average effect of the at-risk-of poverty or social exclusion indicator can be measured. Based on real expenditure per capita analysis, Lithuania can be classified to a group of post-Soviet countries, where tendencies of poverty or social exclusion risk are similar.
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Azaria, Shania Puteri, and Estro Dariatno Sihaloho. "IMPACTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON POVERTY ERADICATION IN ASEAN-5 COUNTRIES." Vol 20 No 2 (2021): December Edition 20, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/trikonomika.v20i2.4085.
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This research aims to investigate the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and poverty using panel data of five ASEAN upper and lower middle-income countries for 28 years. The time series data period selected in this study is from 1990 until 2018. The five countries selected to be investigated in this research are presumed as the Tiger Cub Economies, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. This study conducted the Feasible Generalized least Square (FGLS) methods to analyze the statistical panel data. The result from this analysis indicates that foreign direct investment has a negative and significant impact on poverty in five ASEAN countries. Other important results from this study showed that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), credit provided by the financial sector as the proxy of financial development, and education variables contribute significantly to lower poverty incidence. Policies that focus on attracting foreign direct investment, improving financial development, and support a higher level of education have the potential to reduce poverty in the selected five ASEAN countries.
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NOVAK, I. M. "Deprivation Energy Poverty Indicators." Demography and social economy, no. 3 (October 23, 2020): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.03.158.
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The article is devoted to the study of the features of deprivation as indirect indicators of energy poverty of population in the context of sustainable human development. Based on a generalization of approaches to understanding and assessing energy poverty, it is proposed to consider fuel poverty as part of a broader concept of energy poverty of population, which includes not only access to and provision of energy resources and services, but also meeting a number of vital social, economic and environmental human needs. Th e aim of the study is to analyze the energy poverty of population based on a consensus approach to assessing the features of deprivation and identifying the groups of population, which are most vulnerable to the risks of energy poverty. Th e scientific novelty of this work is the formulation of a new approach to the expanded interpretation of energy poverty in the context of sustainable human development and the use of consensus approach in analyzing the features of deprivation to identify the most vulnerable groups of the population to the risks of energy poverty in Ukraine/ Th e following research methods are used: generalization and systematic analysis, which allowed to study the available scientific achievements in determining the energy poverty of population and justify the research methodology; statistical analysis and com parison to collect and systematize data, to determine the features of deprivation; abstract logical to formulate conclusions based on the results of the study.А global and European approaches to understanding and measuring energy poverty are generalized. On the basis of available national statistics, the features of deprivation as indirect indicators of energy poverty in Ukraine are analyzed, and socio-demographic groups of the population within in creased risks of energy poverty are identified. In the context of sustainable human development, the need for a broader theoretical understanding of the energy poverty of the population has been identified, which should combine the availability and provision of energy resources and also services to meet vital social, economic and environmental human needs. Th e expediency of using a consensus approach to assess the features of deprivation in determining the groups of the population that are most vulnerable to the risks of energy poverty is argued.
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Khmelyuk, Alona. "STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF BUYING CAPACITY OF SOCIAL STANDARDS IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 28(3) (2018): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.03.116.
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Introduction. The preconditions of formation of a socially oriented economy are considered. It is established that the Constitution of Ukraine guarantees citizens the right to social protection. The Law of Ukraine "On State Social Standards and State Social Guarantees" defines legal principles for the formation and application of state social standards and norms. It is noted that the social policy of the state by legislative acts defines such social guarantees as minimum wages, incomes, pensions, social assistance, size of other types of social benefits, which ensure a standard of living not lower than the subsistence minimum. The apriority analysis of dynamic changes of the amount of social guarantees by type has been carried out. It has found out that the use exceptionally of absolute indicators to estimate the standard of living of the population is inappropriate. It is noted that an increase in the dynamics of consumption and income of the population can testify only to the influence of inflationary processes. The algorithm for calculating the purchasing power of social standards and social guarantees in Ukraine has been worked out on the basis of statistical data concerning social indicators of living standards of the population and indicators of the dynamics of price monitoring for socially meaningful goods. It has been established that social payments provide only one-third of total household expenses, while the state's social policy is not aimed at overcoming the poverty and poverty of the Ukrainian population. Purpose. The article aims to analyse the regulatory framework for regulation and size of social standards and statistical analysis of their level in Ukraine, and develop an algorithm for calculating the purchasing power of social benefits: social assistance at birth and child care, pensions and unemployment benefits. Method (methodology). Method of system analysis, methods of causal analysis, index method, table and graphical methods, dynamic series have been used in this research. Results. Theoretical generalization and practical recommendations development of the optimal size of social standards by calculating the actual costs of a household with one child and the purchasing power index of social standards have become the results of the research.
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Adiza, Tasha. "Autokorelasi Spasial Kemiskinan dan Luas Lahan Pertanian di Kabupaten Mesuji." Jurnal Investasi Islam 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jii.v5i2.1904.
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This research aims to examine the spatial analysis autocorrelation to determine the pattern of relationships or correlations between locations (observations). In the case of the percentage of poverty in Mesuji Regency and the influence of agricultural land area, this method will provide important information in analyzing the relationship between the characteristics of poverty between regions. Therefore, in this study, a spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out on the percentage of population poverty data in 2017. The methods used were the Morans I test and the Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA). The results of the spatial autocorrelation of poverty among 7 sub-districts in Mesuji Regency in 2017 are spatially clustered. Poverty grouping occurs where there are sub-districts that have almost the same observational value as sub-districts that are located close to each other or neighbors.There is one grouping based on the level of poverty, which consists of one high-high cluster, namely Panca Jaya District. low-low cluster group. While the high-low outliers and low-high-outliers categories were not found in the inter-district research area in Mesuji Regency. Variable Agricultural land area has a negative and significant effect on the percentage of poor people in Mesuji Regency in 7 Districts in a statistical model, increasing agricultural land will decrease the percentage of the poor.
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Antony, G. M., and K. Visweswara Rao. "A composite index to explain variations in poverty, health, nutritional status and standard of living: Use of multivariate statistical methods." Public Health 121, no. 8 (August 2007): 578–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2006.10.018.
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Jakunskiene, Egle. "Assessment of the Impact of Social Responsibility on Poverty." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 9395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169395.
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Being one of the open social innovations of business entities, social responsibility is taking an important role in our society. It not only contributes to the improvement of the financial indicators of business entities, but also has a significant impact on the economic development of countries and the creation of well-being of the society members. The business contribution to environmental and social initiatives influences various economic processes and, at the same time, affects the level of poverty in countries. The purpose of this thesis is to review the concept of social responsibility and its content after the analysis of the scientific literature, and to assess the impact of social responsibility on poverty indicators after an empirical study. The assessment was performed by using the methods of analysis of the scientific literature, mathematical–statistical analysis, comparative analysis, correlation analysis, as well as by studying the presented statistical data at the level of the three Baltic States — Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The conducted research manifested a significant impact of the business units operating in the production sector on the employed people who are at the brink of poverty, by categorizing them by sex, age, and education. The research revealed the negative impact of the business social responsibility that is directed towards the environment field on the poverty rates of older age (65+) residents, due to the installation of new equipment and technologies. Additionally, business investments mostly affect people with secondary, and lower than secondary, education. The influence of the actual pollution amount in the production sector, to ensure the financial stability of the society, was observed. The research results are significant not only to the Baltic region, but to other economies that are seeking to reduce the poverty level in the country, by integrating the business social responsibility as well.
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Zelenkov, Mikhail, and Nikita Andreevich Chemezov. "Dichotomous approach towards poverty and education as sources of terrorism in the XXI century." Вопросы безопасности, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2020.1.32037.
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The subject of this research is the dichotomous approach towards assessment of the impact of poverty and education level of the society upon the growth in the number of terrorist acts in modern world. The author sets a goal based on the results of study of two counterpoising views on the role of the poverty and education levels in the efficiency casting future recruits of terrorist organizations, determine and substantiate the key factors that produce destructive consequence for members of society, including possibility of involvement into terrorist activity. The theoretical base consists of accumulation of scientific works on analysis of the interconnection between the socioeconomic trends and terrorist activity, as well as result of social polling and statistical data. Methodological frameworks Is based on a complex of method, heuristically and gnoseologically justified by the goal and tasks of this work. The article primarily employs comparative and systemic methods, which allowed discovering and comparing the dichotomy of modern scientific studies on this topic. The gnoseological potential of statistical and sociological methods of quantitative and qualitative research allowed to adequately interpret the multi-vector results of scientific research on the same subject of analysis. The results acquired in this research lead to the conclusion that the socioeconomic roots of future terrorists of XXI century play a substantial role in the activity of recruiters of modern terrorist organizations. Poverty, absence of education and subsequent alienation from the society represent the basic catalysts of terrorism, and provide endless supply of young people for modern terrorist organizations.
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Umaretiya, Puja J., Arlene Naranjo, Fan Zhang, Julie R. Park, Brian D. Weiss, Meaghan Granger, Steven G. DuBois, Rochelle Bagatell, and Kira Bona. "Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic survival disparities among children with high-risk neuroblastoma treated on upfront Children’s Oncology Group clinical trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 10005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.10005.
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10005 Background: Racial and socioeconomic disparities have not been comprehensively investigated in high-risk neuroblastoma (HR NBL). Prior Children’s Oncology Group (COG) investigations have demonstrated population-based disparities in late relapse rates among Black children, and trial-based disparities in relapse and survival among children living in poverty receiving post-consolidation immunotherapy. It is unknown whether these disparities persist in upfront trials for newly diagnosed patients. We leveraged COG data to investigate race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic disparities in a cohort of children with HR NBL treated on upfront clinical trials from 2007-2016. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of children enrolled on upfront COG HR NBL trials ANBL0532, ANBL09P1, and ANBL12P1. Race and ethnicity were the primary exposures categorized as: Black Non-Hispanic (BNH); Hispanic; Other Non-Hispanic (ONH); or White Non-Hispanic (WNH). Poverty was the secondary exposure, defined as household (public insurance only vs others), area (census-defined high-poverty ZIP code with >20% of population living below 100% Federal Poverty Level (FPL) vs <20% below 100% FPL), and rural (Census-defined rurality measures linked to ZIP code). Overall (OS) and event-free (EFS) survival from time of trial enrollment were plotted by Kaplan-Meier methods; associations with race/ethnicity and poverty were evaluated by log-rank tests. Results: Among 696 children, 16% were BNH, 11% Hispanic, 4% ONH, and 69% WNH. One-third (33%) of children were household poverty-exposed, 26% area poverty-exposed, and 15% rural-exposed. Tumor stage and biology did not differ by race/ethnicity or poverty measures. Five-year OS differed significantly by race/ethnicity (47% Hispanic vs. 50% ONH vs. 61% WNH vs. 62% BNH; p=0.047). Five-year OS was inferior among children exposed to household-poverty (53% vs. 63%; p=0.036) and neighborhood-poverty (54% vs. 62%; p=0.050) compared to unexposed children. There was no difference in OS by rurality. Similar directionality in 5-year EFS outcomes by race/ethnicity and poverty were observed without statistical significance. Conclusions: Race/ethnicity and poverty-exposure are associated with inferior OS outcomes among children with HR NBL despite uniform planned treatment on upfront COG trials. Investigation of mechanisms driving these disparities, including disparate early phase trial enrollment are ongoing to inform targeted health equity interventions to improve outcomes.
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Effendi, Ghina Nabilah, Eko Priyo Purnomo, and Ajree Ducol Malawani. "Cash For Work? Extreme Poverty Solutions Based on Sustainable Development." JEJAK 13, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v13i2.25448.
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This article discusses how cash for work and the goals of sustainable development as solutions to extreme poverty. Lack of employment in villages is a factor in poverty in Indonesia. The cash for work program is an innovation of the central government and village government with village funds to provide productive activities to reduce poverty, and as a commitment of Indonesia to implement global goals, namely sustainable development goals. The research was conducted in the Village of Mekar Sari Ness, Village that implemented the program and faced challenges of poverty and unemployment. This study uses qualitative methods with descriptive statistical analysis using Nvivo12 plus data processing applications and using crosstab analysis. Sources of data obtained through government websites and application services, report documents, and journalism-related to the matter to be examined. This research concludes program cash for work can increase income per capita following SDGs standards, can open employment opportunities, especially for the rural poor and have a significant impact on optimizing village funds. Challenges going forward are managing village funds that must be in line with Ministry regulations, recruitment of workers and skills aimed at the poor and marginalized, as well as timeliness in implementing programs.
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Agwil, Winalia, Dian, and Herlin Fransiska. "KLASIFIKASI KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI BENGKULU MENGGUNAKAN METODE POHON KLASIFIKASI GABUNGAN." Jurnal Aplikasi Statistika & Komputasi Statistik 14, no. 2 (October 17, 2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/jurnalasks.v14i2.348.
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Poverty is a global problem that is of concern to the world. It can be seen from the SDGs declaration, which makes poverty a top priority. Good poverty management will help solve other world problems such as hunger, health, welfare, education, and sanitation. To achieve the goal of handling poverty quickly and maximally, an analysis that can identify poor households correctly can be designed so that a targeted program can be designed according to the characteristics of households classified as poor households. One of the statistical methods used to see these characteristics is a classification tree such as the Classification and Regression Tree (CART). The weakness of the cart method if there is an unbalanced dataset type can be overcome by the SMOTE method. In addition to the CART method, classification will be carried out using Random Forest and Xgboost. The results show that the random forest CART model has the highest AUC value in balanced data. It is indicated that this method is better than the others. Based on random forest, variables that determine the most determined poor households are number of household members, last diploma of the head of the home, and floor area of the house.
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Wawrowski, Łukasz. "The Spatial Fay-Herriot Model in Poverty Estimation." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2016-0034.
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Abstract Counteracting poverty is one of the objectives of the European Commission clearly emphasized in the Europe 2020 strategy. Conducting appropriate social policy requires knowledge of the extent of this phenomenon. Such information is provided through surveys on living conditions conducted by, among others, the Central Statistical Office (CSO). Nevertheless, the sample size in these surveys allows for a precise estimation of poverty rate only at a very general level - the whole country and regions. Small sample size at the lower level of spatial aggregation results in a large variance of obtained estimates and hence lower reliability. To obtain information in sparsely represented territorial sections, methods of small area estimation are used. Through using the information from other sources, such as censuses and administrative registers, it is possible to estimate distribution parameters with smaller variance than in the case of direct estimation. This paper attempts to estimate the poverty rate at LAU 1 level of Poland. This estimation will be possible through the use of data from different sources describing the living conditions of households and the use of the Fay-Herriot model with spatial correlation. As a result, estimates for previously unpublished levels of aggregation will be obtained.
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Gelet, Gizachew Berhanu, Solomon Mulugeta Woldemichael, and Ephrem Gebremariam Beyene. "The Spatial Pattern of Deprivations and Inequalities: The Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031934.
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Addis Ababa is a metropolitan area faced with the challenges of Ethiopia’s urbanization, such as poverty, unemployment, informal settlements, an acute housing shortage, and environmental hazards. Yet, the non-practicality of area-based policy using the Multiple Deprivation Index (MDI) exacerbates the polarization of poverty and spatial inequality to create a divided city. The study developed the MDI for 2007 and 2016. The study’s objective was to justify the area-based policy by analyzing the overlaps of deprivations based on the relationship of pertinent indicators and components, the spatial pattern of inequality and deprivations, and the relationship of deprivation with population size and density. The findings of the study were triangulated and validated with the deductive theoretical, empirical, and SDG frameworks to replicate external validity. The research design included both descriptive and correlational methods. The inductively derived pattern using PCA (principal component analysis) and LISA (local spatial association index) of MDI components revealed spatial inequality and poverty polarization. The index of concentrated poverty was revealed by global spatial autocorrelation. The statistical and spatial trend analysis revealed concentrated poverty, especially in the inner-city slums and the peri-urban informal settlements. Most of the findings conformed to deductive theoretical and SDG frameworks, while the analysis of MDI indicators and components revealed additional slum indicators and the relevance of integrating other SDG indicators with SDG 11 for realizing sustainable urbanization. Due to spatial inequality, patterns of concentrated poverty, a large, deprived population, and easing future urbanization challenges, the study rationalized area-based policy for reducing inequality and poverty polarization.
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Ermakova, Eka, and Alina Aleksandrovna Igonina. "Index of multiple deprivations as a methodological basis for combating poverty in depressed regions (foreign experience)." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 3 (March 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2022.3.38202.
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The object of the study is the method of calculating the index of multiple deprivation of territories as a methodological component of overcoming multidimensional poverty. The subject of the study is the best practices of using the index of multiple deprivation in developed countries.The purpose of the study is the theoretical and methodological justification of the feasibility of calculating the index of multiple deprivations at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation to identify the most acute manifestations of multidimensional poverty and its subsequent overcoming. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific (the method of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, the unity of historical and logical) and special (statistical, index) methods. The information base of the study was the statistical data of the World Bank, methodological recommendations for calculating the index of multidimensional deprivation of territorial authorities of Great Britain, aggregated data of the information and analytical portal Knoema. According to the authors, the attention of regional authorities of the Russian Federation in terms of solving the problem of poverty should focus not only on monetary, but also, first of all, on multidimensional poverty in order to eliminate the problems of the regions in the sphere of living standards and ensure the inclusion of all citizens in the development processes. The calculation of the multidimensional deprivation index is expedient from the point of view of reducing disparities in territorial development and point-to-point solutions to the problems of specific territories (for example, residents of northern regions may experience deprivation in infrastructure, the population of central Russia and industrial zones suffers deprivation in relation to environmental living conditions, etc.)
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Bales, Kevin. "Reclaiming ‘antique’ data: Charles Booth's poverty survey." Urban History 13 (May 1986): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800008026.
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The place of Charles Booth's London poverty survey within an empirical tradition of sociology has been much discussed in recent years. The pivotal position which Booth had in this tradition was highlighted by Philip Abrams especially. Booth's achievement, it has been claimed, was to illuminate the structural underpinnings of poverty rather than just its extent. In doing so he not only challenged the assumptions of political economy but brought new life to the tradition of house-to-house surveys and case-studies as practised by those involved in the statistical movement of the nineteenth century in Britain. Booth sought answers to narrowly denned social problems, seeking to generate new and superior data capable of bearing the questions. His was the habit of ‘ad hoc compartmentalised research’, from which one main line of development was the government enquiries of the Webb era and beyond. Another line of descent can be traced in the social survey movement centred in the United States, and through this Booth's influence spread to the Chicago school of urban sociologists. Despite this wideranging influence those who followed Booth's lead studied his own descriptions of his findings and methods, and rarely, if ever, looked behind the published volumes to the varied materials generated by the large-scale research project he masterminded. These materials represent a rich and varied source of data which have so far been relatively little used by historians, and then mainly in a minor illustrative way.