Academic literature on the topic 'Poverty – Statistical methods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Poverty – Statistical methods"
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Oleynik, Olga, and Andrey Oleynik. "Challenges of Statistical Measuring of Population Poverty." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 2 (August 2020): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.2.8.
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Now that Russia is undergoing substantial social and economic transformations that affect all social aspects, the problem of acquiring objective statistics of people’s living standards, social stratification and poverty levels becomes crucial. There are a number of methods to determine poverty by means of monetary and nonmonetary approaches. The extent of poverty then will differ significantly depending on the determinations and methods used. The article analyzes the methods to measure poverty both globally and in Russia. The evaluation methodologies of household budget designed and approved by Russia’s Federal Statistics Service and capable of providing the extensive data on poverty in Russia are reviewed. The specifics of poverty level evaluations obtained both directly from the results of household budget studies and by means of analytical modeling are revealed. It is shown that Russian statistics analyses people’s income and consumer spending as the basis determination of various poverty level indicators, such as the number of people living below the subsistence level, absolute poverty, relative poverty indices and others. The international and Russian academic societies have a vast experience of the development and testing of modern practices and instrumental approaches to the determination and measurement of poverty. The article discusses the contemporary multidimensional methods of poverty measurement, material deprivation and social exclusion, and justifies the necessity to expand the income distribution and poverty scoring system. Monitoring the poverty level in Russia is an important analytical tool for public authorities and scientists.
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Pudney, Stephen. "On Some Statistical Methods for Modelling the Incidence of Poverty." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61, no. 3 (August 1999): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00135.
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Sokolin, V. L., and V. M. Bryseva. "Statistical Measurement of Poverty and Inequality in the CIS Countries." Voprosy statistiki 26, no. 9 (September 28, 2019): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-9-5-19.
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This article deals with methodological, organizational and practical issues of measuring poverty and inequality in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the context of international statistical recommendations, in particular, the Agenda for Sustainable Development. The paper provides basic conceptual approaches to measuring monetary and non-monetary poverty, as reflected in the national practices of statistical offices of the CIS countries.The authors determine the role of income and expenditure indicators in measuring poverty and inequality in the CIS region. They also identify the main challenges and issues of income and expenditure statistics arising from differences in data sources, applied classifications and aggregation methods. The paper includes some recommendations on the unification of methods for collecting income and expenditure statistics, developed as part of the joint UNECE, Rosstat and CIS-Stat project on harmonization of poverty indicators for monitoring sustainable development in CIS Countries.The article addresses national practical applications of poverty measuring concepts concerning absolute, relative and subjective poverty.Another important matter that this paper discusses is the comparability of poverty statistics to review progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the CIS region. It is associated with the use of different poverty lines and welfare indicators, that serve as a basis for constructing population distribution series. The authors provide a method for calculating poverty indicators using the international and national poverty lines.The article formulates ways to further improve poverty statistics that are aimed at developing integral indicators and criteria to measure poverty not only on the basis of income and expenditure, but also taking into account factors affecting the population’s quality of life (primarily, the possibility of obtaining health care services, education, access to clean drinking water and adequate sanitary conditions), environmental situation, life safety.
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Migranova, Lyudmila, and Irina Korchagina. "Social minimum living standard in Russia: estimation methods." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 17, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.2.3.
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The minimum living standard of the population in Russia since 1992 is subsistence minimum (SM). It plays a significant social role as a criterion for the assessment of the need of households for social assistance. The methods for SM calculating were periodically changed, but the rate of absolute poverty was always measured by the share of the population with income below SM. The article considers in detail the methods for estimating SM, adopted in 2013 and based on normative-statistical approach. Analysis of the food consumption and the structure of consumer spending of poor households, based on Household Budget Survey 2012-2019, revealed their non-compliance with the SM that was effective up to and including 2020. Since 2021 estimation of poverty is made by statistical methods without calculating minimum consumer basket (Law № 473-ФЗ as of 29.12.2020). The poverty line is determined by the ratio to median income per capita, and the poverty rate is of relative character. Retrospective analysis of the dynamics in the per capita and median incomes of the RF population and the SM per capita for 2013-2020 makes it possible to estimate the difference in the rates of absolute and relative poverty and to understand what guided the developers of the law in determining the SM per capita at 44.2% of the median income and the value of SM for the main sociodemographic groups of the population for the year 2021. In addition, on concrete examples, by means of the logarithmic normal function used by Rosstat for calculation of the population income distribution, it is shown, at what ratio of the median income to the average, the rate of absolute poverty may be reduced by half as compared to 2019
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ZHURAVLEVA, Tat'yana A., Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA, and Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA. "Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 12 (December 27, 2021): 2294–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.12.2294.
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Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.
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Ivanchenko, I. S. "The causes of poverty in Russia." Financial Analytics: Science and Experience 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fa.13.1.21.
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Subject. This article analyzes the changes in poverty of the population of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The article aims to identify macroeconomic variables that will have the most effective impact on reducing poverty in Russia. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, and statistical analyses. Results. The article presents a list of macroeconomic variables that, according to Western scholars, can influence the incomes of the poorest stratum of society and the number of unemployed in the country. The regression analysis based on the selected variables reveals those ones that have a statistically significant impact on the financial situation of the Russian poor. Relevance. The results obtained can be used by the financial market mega-regulator to make anti-poverty decisions. In addition, the models built can be useful to the executive authorities at various levels for short-term forecasting of the number of unemployed and their income in drawing up regional development plans for the areas.
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Zharomsky, Vladislav. "Building an integrated poverty measure by three poverty profiles." Population 22, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/1561-7785-2019-00007.
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On the basis of estimating three poverty profiles calculated on sample surveys data, the article presents the methods for obtaining an integrated poverty measure, which solves the model of latent structural analysis with binary classes. In such surveys as Parents and Children, Men and Women in Family, HSE Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, Russian Household Budget Survey, there are questions characterizing different profiles of poverty — economic, deprivation and subjective. The last-mentioned profile presents a subjective perception of one’s position on the scale of living standards. Estimates by the three profiles measure different sides of poverty, but it is not clear how they are harmonized, and whether latent poverty is statistically reflected in them. The model of the latent structural analysis may give a positive or negative answer to this question. In case of the positive answer it is proposed to take the probability of latent poverty as an integrated poverty measure. The article provides the results of calculations for three groups of households: those of pensioners, of able-bodied persons, and mixed households consisting of pensioners and the able-bodied. On the data from the largest Rosstat survey — Statistical Survey of Income and Participation in Social Programs (VNDN) were made estimates of latent poverty for urban and rural population of Russia, for households with different number of children. It shows that latent poverty and coherence of different population groups are not contrary to the meaningful views on the phenomenon. It is found out that the understated size of the subsistence minimum (absolute poverty line) leads to lack of coherence between three estimates for households of pensioners. In this case, feeling of poverty and deprivation levels are not in line with the economic estimation of poverty.
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Razumov, Alexander, and Olga Selivanova. "Households at Risk of Poverty: Regional Aspect." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 18, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.2.8.
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The article reviews the main approaches to the definition and measurement of poverty, the author's definition of the poverty profile is given. Based on the data of Statistical Survey of Income and Participation in Social Programs 2019 by Rosstat the tools for constructing and analyzing the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the population with average monthly per capita monetary incomes from 1.0 to 1.2 subsistence minimum (PM), located in the zone of increased risk of crossing the official poverty line are developed and tested. The modal characteristics of the population in the zone of increased risk of poverty both in Russia and in the North Caucasus and Volga Federal Districts separately are studied. Methods of work: dialectical method of cognition, systematic approach, structural analysis, methods of statistical processing of information, comparisons and groupings, general scientific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, etc.). As a result of the conducted research, the causes and specifics of regional poverty of the Russian population are determined and categories of families (households) are identified with average monthly per capita monetary incomes from 1.0 to 1.2 PM, who have the highest risks of poverty. The scope of application of the results obtained - the results of the analysis of the characteristics of families at risk of poverty contained in the work can be used by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the development of preventive measures to prevent the population near the poverty line from falling into the category of poor.
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Liang, Tian, and Xuefang Wang. "A Statistical Analysis Model of Big Data for Precise Poverty Alleviation Based on Multisource Data Fusion." Scientific Programming 2022 (March 14, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5298988.
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This paper adopts the method of multisource big data fusion to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of precision poverty alleviation and uses big data statistical analysis model to explore and analyze it. Combining the characteristics of big data itself and the development of precision poverty alleviation, it focuses on the exploration of big data and introduces the background, development status, and achieved results of poverty alleviation with typical cases, followed by the analysis of the problems in the process of big data precision poverty alleviation and the study of the improvement path of big data technology precision poverty alleviation. Through the comparative analysis of the simulation accuracy of three models, the results show that the random forest model has the lowest error rate, after which the importance degree of indicators is derived using the model. In addition, the empirical analysis of the preprocessed sample data for multidimensional identification of poor households yields the contribution rate of each dimensional indicator that leads to multidimensional poverty of farm households, establishing scientific judging criteria to accurately judge whether farm households are poor on the one hand and selecting accurate identification methods to achieve accurate identification of poor households on the other hand. The tenfold crossover method is used to verify the errors in the test sample set. When the number of classification trees is greater than 100, it will gradually increase. Therefore, it is most appropriate to select the number of trees as 100. The multidimensional accurate identification model of farm household poverty constructed in this paper has an accuracy rate of 90.26% for the identification of poor households. By analyzing the accuracy rate of model identification and the contribution rate of multidimensional indicators leading to the poverty of farm households at the same time, the poverty degree of farm households under each dimensional indicator is derived, to accurately identify the poor households and their poverty status. The results show that the multidimensional accurate identification model of farm household poverty has the accurate identification ability and application value in the identification problem of poor households, and through the implementation of the model algorithm, a good application environment of accurate identification of poverty is created, which provides technical support to help poverty alleviation work and improve the accuracy of identification of poor households.
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Razumov, A. A., and O. V. Selivanova. "POVERTY IN RUSSIA: REGIONAL FEATURES AND PROSPECTS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION INSTRUMENTS." Social@labor researches 45, no. 4 (2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2021-45-4-75-88.
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The article examines the theoretical and methodological, and methodical approaches to the definition and measurement of poverty, proposed by international organizations and Russian and foreign experts, and shows their evolution. The paper reveals the relationship between socio-economic crises leading to a worsening employment situation and the level of poverty. The subject of the research is poverty in Russian regions and regional programs contributing to its reduction. The aim of the study is to monitor and analyze regional data on poverty reduction in Russian regions. Methods of work: dialectical method of cognition, systems approach, structural analysis, comparative approach, methods of statistical information processing, general scientific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, etc.), analysis of the materials provided by Russian regions. Research results: the reasons and specific features of the regional poverty in Russia are determined, considering the multifactorial territorial differentiation; based on the monitoring of regional programs, existing measures to reduce poverty were systematized and classified, and the most promising instruments for reducing poverty were substantiated both in the area of employment and wage policies and in the area of increasing efficiency of social support measures. The scope of application: the results of the analysis and monitoring of regional programs to reduce the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level and the proposals and recommendations formulated on their basis, can be used by federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the Russian regions in the development of poverty reduction mechanisms both at the territorial and federal levels.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poverty – Statistical methods"
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Malherbe, Jeanine Elizabeth. "An analysis of income and poverty in South Africa." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1099.
Full textBooks on the topic "Poverty – Statistical methods"
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Zheng, Buhong. A survey on aggregate poverty measures. Denver, Colo: CRESP, Center for Research on Economic and Social Policy, University of Colorado at Denver, 1996.
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Zheng, Buhong. On the power of poverty orderings. Denver, Colo: CRESP, Center for Research on Economic and Social Policy, University of Colorado at Denver, 1995.
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Carla, Henry, and Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest., eds. Microfinance poverty assessment tool. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, 2003.
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Gerstenfeld, Pascual. Mediciones de pobreza en Uruguay: Aspectos metodológicos. [Montevideo, Uruguay]: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, Oficina de Montevideo, 1993.
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Shylendra, H. S. The new methods of poverty assessment and reduction: The muddle and the trap of neoliberalism. Anand: Institute of Rural Management Anand, 2010.
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S, Subramanian, and Subramanian S. The deprivation distribution profile: A graphical device for comparing alternative regimes of multidimensional poverty. Chennai: Madras Institute of Development Studies, 2009.
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Kockläuner, G. Methoden der Armutsmessung. Berlin: Logos Verlag, 2012.
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Duclos, Jean-Yves. Chronic and transient poverty: Measurement and estimation, with evidence from China. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2006.
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Bibi, Sami. Does the specification of a new class of poverty measures matter?: Evidence from Tunisia. Cairo, Egypt: Economic Research Forum for the Arab Countries, Iran & Turkey, 2003.
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Scheurle, Ulrich. Statistische Erfassung von Armut. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Poverty – Statistical methods"
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Puchner, Verena. "Application to Poverty Estimation Using EU-SILC and Micro Census Data." In Evaluation of Statistical Matching and Selected SAE Methods, 23–62. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08224-6_4.
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Yanda, Pius Z., Edmund B. Mabhuye, Anselm R. Mwajombe, and Namkunda Johnson. "Community livelihoods and ecosystem integrity in makere forest reserve, western Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 194–213. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0194.
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Abstract Wealth creation and poverty alleviation processes in the forest-bounded areas entail the use of such forests to a greater extent. Studies elsewhere show that there is often a tendency to use such forests until they are depleted before technology comes in to improve livelihoods. In this chapter, we examine community livelihoods in relation to ecosystem integrity for communities surrounding the Makere Forest Reserve, particularly socio-economic characteristics of communities, their links to forest utilization and implications for ecosystem integrity. We used mixed methods to collect data: (i) a household questionnaire; (ii) focus group discussions; (iii) key informant interviews; and (iv) a literature review, backed up with satellite imagery. Quantitative and qualitative data collected were subjected to statistical and non-statistical tests, respectively, with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software for quantitative data analysis. Livelihood activities in the area include shifting cultivation, livestock keeping, firewood fetching, charcoal making, harvesting timber and illegal logging. The motive for such forest exploitation is both for meeting household needs as well as for wealth accumulation. Forest users take part in such activities regardless of the distance they have to travel from their villages to come to the forest areas. We found education is an integral part of wealth status, but had nothing to do in terms of improving livelihood activities for ecosystem integrity. The absence of livelihood diversification of farm-related activities penetrates into weak forest governance strategies resulting in proliferation of deforestation and forest degradation. To maintain forest integrity, integrated approaches in forest management and alternative livelihood activities are needed such as beekeeping, fishing and modernized livestock keeping. These activities have the potential to increase household food and income and alleviate poverty levels without compromising ecosystem integrity.
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Phukon, Manoshi, and Rajeshwar Singh. "A Study on Spatial Statistical Method of Poverty and Sustainable Development of North-Eastern States of India." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 337–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6274-2_17.
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Kawaye, Floney P., and Michael F. Hutchinson. "Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato Yield on Monthly Climate in Malawi." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 617–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_120.
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AbstractClimate change and climate variability in Malawi have negatively affected the production of maize, a staple food crop. This has adversely affected food security. On the other hand, there have been increases in growing area, production, yield, consumption, and commercialization of both cassava and sweet potato. Factors behind these increases include the adaptive capacity of these crops in relation to climate change and variability, structural adjustment programs, population growth and urbanization, new farming technologies, and economic development. Cassava and sweet potato are seen to have the potential to contribute to food security and alleviate poverty among rural communities.This study used a simple generic growth index model called GROWEST to model observed yields of maize, cassava, and sweet potato across Malawi between 2001 and 2012. The method can be viewed as a hybrid approach between complex process-based crop models and typical statistical models. For each food crop, the GROWEST model was able to provide a robust correlation between observed yields and spatially interpolated monthly climate. The model parameters, which included optimum growing temperatures and growing seasons, were well determined and agreed with known values. This indicated that these models could be used with reasonable confidence to project the impacts of climate change on crop yield. These projections could help assess the future of food security in Malawi under the changing climate and assist in planning for this future.
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O'Donoghue, Cathal. "Spatial Inequality." In Practical Microsimulation Modelling, 239–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852872.003.0010.
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There has been a growing emphasis on the spatial targeting of policy options in the areas of poverty and social exclusion. In this chapter, the focus will be on using spatial microsimulation models to look at the local impact of policies related to inequality and poverty. Spatial data typically exist in national census datasets, but very frequently these data do not contain information on incomes. The challenge, therefore, is to generate datasets that are spatially consistent, in order to facilitate the linkage of spatially defined data, such as local-area census data, with nationally representative surveys that contain labour, demographic, and income information. Spatial microsimulation modelling helps with this. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an insight into the rationale, development, and application of the spatial microsimulation method for analysing the spatial distribution of inequality. The policy context for spatial-inequality analysis is discussed initially, before considering the statistical method for synthetically generating spatially consistent, household-income-distribution data. Approaches to validating these methods are then discussed, before applying quantitative methods to measuring spatial inequality in a national setting.
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Manyelo, Julia, and Debbie Habedi. "Assessment of Follow-Up Care Received by Patients with Hypertension at Primary Health Care Facilities in Tshwane District of Gauteng Province, South Africa." In Lifestyle and Epidemiology - The Double Burden of Poverty and Cardiovascular Diseases in African Populations [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99623.
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To extend the life expectancy of all South Africans to at least 70 years by 2030, hypertension follow-up care needs to be strengthened so that patients do not develop complications while in care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the follow-up care received by patients with hypertension at primary health care (PHC) facilities in Tshwane district. The study setting was ten PHC facilities in the aforesaid district. Quantitative, descriptive and retrospective methods were adopted, and simple random sampling was used to select ten PHC facilities from which ten files were conveniently sampled. Data were captured in Microsoft Excel 2010 and exported to IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21 in which data coding, outlier detection, missing value analysis and statistical data analysis were performed. In line with the study aim, frequency tables in SPSS were used to produce frequency statistics, and the chi-square test was used to test for the presence of association between compliance by nurses to clinical guidelines and categories of attributes, and further determine if there was a significant difference between adherence and non-adherence. The study found a significant proportion (93.4%) of non-adherence to hypertension guidelines among consulting nurses at selected PHC facilities.
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Hertel, Shareen. "Introduction." In Tethered Fates, 1–14. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903831.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the book, situating it as a contribution to debates in political science as well as business and human rights literatures. The puzzle central to the book is presented: Does the practice of “stakeholder consultation” contribute to fulfilling the economic rights of people who live in manufacturing communities integral to global supply chains? Why or why not, and under what conditions? This introductory chapter positions the book within broader scholarly debates over the nature of remedy for human rights abuse. It also explores why existing modes of consultation often fall short of addressing the underlying structural factors that perpetuate poverty in manufacturing communities globally (thus bridging literatures on the political economy of grassroots development and industrialization). The chapter previews the empirical contributions of the book—specifically, its engagement with multiple methods and multiple sources of data (e.g., historical, statistical, interview, and participant observation–based data) aimed at uncovering the challenges of stakeholder consultation in theory and practice. The chapter concludes by outlining the succeeding chapters briefly.
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Noe, Christine, and Dan Brockington. "Telling the Stories of Asset Accumulation." In Prosperity in Rural Africa?, 363–82. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865872.003.0017.
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This chapter sums up the lessons from the book as a whole. We argue that a common, but not universal trend is that rural assets have increased. Because these assets are not recorded in poverty-line data this wealth is not easily visible, directly, in some poverty statistics. However we also insist that this does not mean that rural Tanzanian families are ‘really’ wealthy even though they look poor. Rather assets capture one facet of the experience of poverty and prosperity. Nonetheless the prevalence and frequency of asset change surprised us. It is notable that asset accumulation appears to have been driven by agricultural activities, although the timing and nature of these changes has varied in each case. We consider the implications of these findings for rural development policy and development data and the implications of our methods for long term research projects.
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Rosenberg, W. "Covid-19 and its impact on infant abandonment in South Africa." In The Impact of Covid-19 on the Future of Law, 141–61. UJ Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/9781776405657-07.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on millions of people around the world.1 Not only has its impact been direct through sickness and the loss of life but also indirect through unemployment, the closure of schools and an increase in poverty. Existing problems were exacerbated by the pandemic as countries who already faced humanitarian crises were particularly vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic.2 One such existing problem faced in South Africa is the number of infants that are unsafely abandoned annually. In 2010, this number was an alarming 3 500 babies according to Blackie.3 One of the leading causes of child abandonment in South Africa is poverty. Poverty, in turn, is an indirect result of the pandemic, therefore, a rise in the number of infants abandoned may be safely assumed with no official statistics of the number of infants abandoned since the start of lockdown. Further, the lack of a legal and safe method of infant relinquishment as an existing problem and leading cause of infant abandonment was further exacerbated by the pandemic as desperate mothers had no other option but to unsafely abandon their infants.
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Sundaramurthy, Anupama Hoskoppa, Nitya Raviprakash, Divija Devarla, and Asmitha Rathis. "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence." In AI and Big Data’s Potential for Disruptive Innovation, 93–103. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9687-5.ch004.
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This chapter proposes a cost-effective and scalable approach to obtain information on the current living standards and development in rural areas across India. The model utilizes a CNN to analyze satellite images of an area and predict its land type and level of development. A decision tree classifies a region as rural or urban based on the analysis. A summary describing the area is generated from inferences made on the recorded statistics. The CNN is able to predict the land and development distribution with an accuracy of 95.1%. The decision tree predicts rural areas with a precision of 99.6% and recall of 88.9%. The statistics obtained for a dataset of more than 1000 villages in India are cross-validated against the Census of India 2011 data. The proposed technique is in contrast to traditional door-to-door surveying methods as the information retrieved is relevant and obtained without human intervention. Hence, it can aid efforts in tracking poverty at a finer level and provide insight on improving the economic livelihood in rural areas.
Conference papers on the topic "Poverty – Statistical methods"
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Елинсон, Мария Альбертовна, and Ирина Васильевна Щербина. "TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE LEVEL OF POVERTY OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION IN THE PERIOD SINCE 2008 TILL 2018." In Наука. Исследования. Практика: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/srp291.2020.66.47.006.
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В статье рассматривается дифференциация субъектов Российской Федерации по величине прожиточного минимума в период с 2008 по 2018 гг. Произведена группировка субъектов РФ по уровню бедности населения. Применение методов статистического, картографического анализа позволило выявить концентрацию регионов в области низких значений, рост различий между богатыми и бедными регионами. The article considers the differentiation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of minimum wage in the period from 2008 to 2018. The grouping of subjects of the country according to the level of poverty of the population is made. The application of statistical and cartographic analysis methods allowed us to identify the concentration of regions within low values, the growth of differences between rich and poor regions.
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GEMMA, Sergejs, and Zane VĪTOLIŅA. "EUROPE 2020 TARGETS: THE PROGRESS OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF RIS3." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.056.
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The Europe 2020 strategy was proposed by the European Commission with an aim to improve European Union (EU) competitiveness and promote economic growth. For the successful achievement of economic growth using the Smart Specialization Strategy (RIS3) in the EU, the European Commission has set out five interrelated headline targets to be achieved by 2020 in the areas of employment, research and development, climate change and energy, education and poverty and social exclusion. The targets are translated into national targets for each EU Member State; at the same time, they are common goals for all the EU Member States to be achieved through a mix of national and EU actions. The authors of the research used statistical data on the Europe 2020 targets to detect progress or regress in achieving these targets, the accuracy of target value detection and the implementation of RIS3 in the EU. The aim of the research is to evaluate RIS3 progress based on the Europe 2020 targets. The following tasks were set: 1) To calculate progress on each Europe 2020 target for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania using Eurostat statistical data; 2) To evaluate the calculated data and compare the data with those for the other Baltic States and the EU average; 3) To forecast RIS3 development for the year 2020 in the Baltic States. The research employed the monographic and descriptive methods as well as analysis, synthesis, the graphic method, the data grouping method and forecasting. All the three Baltic States have exceeded their target values on employment and education. Low indicators – just half of the target value – the Baltic States have on the share of the EU’s GDP invested in Research and Development. Other positions such as green energy, poverty and social exclusion mostly show a need for more active and effective action for achieving the Europe 2020 targets.
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Hurbánková, Ľubica. "COMPARISON OF SLOVAKIA REGIONS BASED ON SCORING METHOD." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2021.65.
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The aim of the paper is to analyse the regions of Slovakia using selected indicators related to housing. Indicators entering the analysis are: the proportion of households that consider paying of total housing cost to be very encumbering, the proportion of people below the poverty line (60% of median), the unemployment rate, the proportion of households who own a flat/house, average real estate prices, average nominal monthly wage of employee, regional gross domestic product per capita. We will use one of the multi-criteria comparison methods for the analysis, namely the scoring method. Based on this method, we rank the regions according to the value of the integral indicator from the best to the worst. From the results of the analysis, we found out that from the point of view of the analysed indicators the best were placed Trenčín, Nitra and Žilina regions, and the worst Košice and Prešov regions. The application of the statistical method was carried out through the program Microsoft Office Excel.
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Gega, Gentiana. "THE FUTURE OF BUSINESS IN SOCIAL ECONOMY OF THE WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0013.
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The most important innovation for Western Balkan countries is combining social, labor and economic development policies, together with sustainable development focus on increasing and sustaining the welfare and wellbeing of the people in this countries. The purposes of this study is to investigate current social economy in the Western Balkans countries (Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina). To give an answer to the research question whether the socio-economic situation in Western Balkan countries is improving, we have firstly revise the literature to find out what different authors have found in recent researches concerning this area and the methods, models used in collecting, processing and analyzing data. The processing of the data of the above-mentioned has been done by the STATA software program, specifically using Linear Regression, Fixed Effect, Random Effect, Hausman Taylor Regression and Correlation & Covariance. Based on the empirical results of this study, we conclude that the R Square designation coefficient indicating a higher relationship between dependent variable (Social Development) and independent variables (economic growth, education, climate change, environment, health, poverty, social protection and labor). Economic growth, education, climate change, social protection and labor, environment, health and poverty force explain and have an impact on increase/decrease the social development of the Western Balkan countries during for the period 2009-2019. This research paper highlights an empirical analysis based on real data, statistical reports of the World Bank of the Western Balkan Countries. Given that these results are evident, economic situation in Western Balkan countries have to improve with establishing social economy exactly in key area for the rapid grow of this countries.
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Sinha, Arun Kumar, and Mukesh Kumar. "Poverty Analysis Using Scan Statistic Methods." In International Conference on Recent Advances in Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science 2015. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814704830_0012.
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Oneț, Romana. "Social Dimensions of Roma Marginalization." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/55.
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The paper aims to analyze aspects of Roma marginalization, by identifying and assessing the dimensions of social needs within a compact Roma community, located in a marginalized urban area. The effects of the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic increase inequalities regarding the economic and social situation. The major challenge is to reduce the risk of poverty, especially among families with children, people with disabilities and chronic diseases, but also the social exclusion of people at social risk, based on accurate measurements of social phenomena. The community profile indicates the social status of the inhabitants, which provides a picture of the degree of marginalization and social exclusion of Roma. Thus, the study was conducted by constructing a questionnaire as a research tool, which summarizes the results of the activity of information collection and processing, both based on statistical methods and percentage analysis. The problems faced by marginalized Roma communities are low participation in education, early school leaving, difficult transition to tertiary education, lack of adult skills, low skills among vulnerable people in the labor market, low access to services, poor health and housing. Measures for early detection of situations of social risk and intervention lead to positive effects in preventing marginalization and social exclusion.
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Manzhikova, Svetlana Ts, Adil Iqbal, and Wazif Latif. "Evidence-based analysis of the situation with tuberculosis in Kyrgyzstan and Pakistan." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.ohte2762.
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The target of this work is to implement an evidence-based approach in a comparative analyzing of the current tuberculosis situation in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Such analysis is of particular interest for assessing the so-called “country” contribution to the implementation of strategies to stop tuberculosis, proclaimed by the World Health Organization. Two-factor linear regression models are presented for both countries. Models take into account how state budget expenditures on health care and the level of poverty impact onto the tuberculosis incidence. The latter circumstance is due to the significant difference between the National Statistical Services in considered countries, as well as the lack of initial data and their heterogeneity. The estimated quality characteristics of the models show them to use in prediction values of the tuberculosis incidence until 2024-2025. The modeling results show that if the established trend of strengthening of the state role continues, then we can talk about the successful implementation of the WHO strategy to decrease and stop tuberculosis in the Kyrgyz Republic and the desired annual reduction in incidence to 10% by 2025. For Pakistan, the same parameter will be no more than 1.5%. The novelty of the presented work lies in the very formulation of the problem of monitoring the current outcomes of the implementation of WHO recommendations in different countries and the methodological development of appropriate situational tasks for learning and teaching medical students the methods of evidence-based medicine/health care.
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Gaitan (Botezatu), Ionela-Daniela, and Gabriela Prelipcean. "The Coronavirus Pandemic and Sustainable Development. Case Study: Romania." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/24.
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The coronavirus pandemic has affected all states in the world and the measures taken by governments to limit the spread of coronavirus have also left their mark on sustainable development goals, slowing their implementation or even regressing to some of these goals. In the context in which the pandemic affected the Romanian economy and all segments of the population in all areas of the country, especially vulnerable groups, leading to an increase in existing disparities, the rapid implementation of sustainable development goals is the core of a sustainable and equitable recovery. This paper presents effects of coronavirus pandemic on the sustainable development in Romania, especially on the objectives like no poverty, "zero" hunger, health and well-being, quality education, decent work and economic growth, industry, innovation and infrastructure and low inequalities, but also the solutions identified by various international bodies to reduce this impact. Thus, the first part of the paper is a theoretical one, which presents the concept of "sustainable development" and analyses specialized studies that have presented the objectives of sustainable development, including studies that have shown the negative or positive effects of the coronavirus pandemic on these objectives. The second part of the paper presents a descriptive analysis of the stage of sustainable development in Romania, after one year of coronavirus pandemic. In carrying out this paper, qualitative research was used, based on methods such as descriptive analysis, analysis of official statistical data, study of reports and reference papers and synthesis of conclusions.
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Manzhikova, Svetlana Ts, Adil Iqbal, and Humna Mustafa. "Evidence-based analysis of the situation with tuberculosis in Kyrgyzstan and Pakistan." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.yoiu6777.
Full textAbstract:
The target of this work is to implement an evidence-based approach in a comparative analyzing of the current tuberculosis situation in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Such analysis is of particular interest for assessing the so-called “country” contribution to the implementation of strategies to stop tuberculosis, proclaimed by the World Health Organization. Two-factor linear regression models are presented for both countries. Models take into account how state budget expenditures on health care and the level of poverty impact onto the tuberculosis incidence. The latter circumstance is due to the significant difference between the National Statistical Services in considered countries, as well as the lack of initial data and their heterogeneity. The estimated quality characteristics of the models show them to use in prediction values of the tuberculosis incidence until 2024-2025. The modeling results show that if the established trend of strengthening of the state role continues, then we can talk about the successful implementation of the WHO strategy to decrease and stop tuberculosis in the Kyrgyz Republic and the desired annual reduction in incidence to 10% by 2025. For Pakistan, the same parameter will be no more than 1.5%. The novelty of the presented work lies in the very formulation of the problem of monitoring the current outcomes of the implementation of WHO recommendations in different countries and the methodological development of appropriate situational tasks for learning and teaching medical students the methods of evidence-based medicine/health care.
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‘Afifah, Rawyanil, Yudhie Andriyana, and I. G. N. Mindra Jaya. "Robust geographically weighted regression with least absolute deviation method in case of poverty in Java Island." In STATISTICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Statistics (ICAS II), 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4979439.
Full textReports on the topic "Poverty – Statistical methods"
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de Vries, Gaaitzen, Linda Arfelt, Dorothea Drees, Mareike Godemann, Calumn Hamilton, Bente Jessen-Thiesen, Ahmet Ihsan Kaya, Hagen Kruse, Emmanuel Mensah, and Pieter Woltjer. The Economic Transformation Database (ETD): content, sources, and methods. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wtn/2021-2.
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This note introduces the GGDC/UNU-WIDER Economic Transformation Database (ETD), which provides time series of employment and real and nominal value added by 12 sectors in 51 countries for the period 1990–2018. The ETD includes 20 Asian, 9 Latin American, 4 Middle-East and North African, and 18 sub-Saharan African countries at varying levels of economic development. The ETD is constructed on the basis of an in-depth investigation of the availability and usability of statistical sources on a country-by-country basis. The ETD provides researchers with data to analyse the variety and determinants of structural transformation and supports policies aimed at sustained growth and poverty reduction.
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Lavadenz, Magaly, Sheila Cassidy, Elvira G. Armas, Rachel Salivar, Grecya V. Lopez, and Amanda A. Ross. Sobrato Early Academic Language (SEAL) Model: Final Report of Findings from a Four-Year Study. Center for Equity for English Learners, Loyola Marymount University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2020.
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The Sobrato Early Academic Language (SEAL) Model Research and Evaluation Final Report is comprised of three sets of studies that took place between 2015 and 2019 to examine the effectiveness of the SEAL Model in 67 schools within 12 districts across the state of California. Over a decade ago, the Sobrato Family Foundation responded to the enduring opportunity gaps and low academic outcomes for the state’s 1.2 million English Learners by investing in the design of the SEAL Model. The SEAL PreK–Grade 3 Model was created as a whole-school initiative to develop students’ language, literacy, and academic skills. The pilot study revealed promising findings, and the large-scale implementation of SEAL was launched in 2013. This report addresses a set of research questions and corresponding studies focused on: 1) the perceptions of school and district-level leaders regarding district and school site implementation of the SEAL Model, 2) teachers’ development and practices, and 3) student outcomes. The report is organized in five sections, within which are twelve research briefs that address the three areas of study. Technical appendices are included in each major section. A developmental evaluation process with mixed methods research design was used to answer the research questions. Key findings indicate that the implementation of the SEAL Model has taken root in many schools and districts where there is evidence of systemic efforts or instructional improvement for the English Learners they serve. In regards to teachers’ development and practices, there were statistically significant increases in the use of research-based practices for English Learners. Teachers indicated a greater sense of efficacy in addressing the needs of this population and believe the model has had a positive impact on their knowledge and skills to support the language and literacy development of PreK- Grade 3 English Learners. Student outcome data reveal that despite SEAL schools averaging higher rates of poverty compared to the statewide rate, SEAL English Learners in grades 2–4 performed comparably or better than California English Learners in developing their English proficiency; additional findings show that an overwhelming majority of SEAL students are rapidly progressing towards proficiency thus preventing them from becoming long-term English Learners. English Learners in bilingual programs advanced in their development of Spanish, while other English Learners suffered from language loss in Spanish. The final section of the report provides considerations and implications for further SEAL replication, sustainability, additional research and policy.
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Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Poverty Using Satellite Imagery in Thailand. Asian Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs210112-2.
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The “leave no one behind” principle of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development requires appropriate indicators for different segments of a country’s population. This entails detailed, granular data on population groups that extend beyond national trends and averages. The Asian Development Bank (ADB), in collaboration with the National Statistical Office of Thailand and the Word Data Lab, conducted a feasibility study to enhance the granularity, cost-effectiveness, and compilation of high-quality poverty statistics in Thailand. This report documents the results of the study, providing insights on data collection requirements, advanced algorithmic techniques, and validation of poverty estimates using artificial intelligence to complement traditional data sources and conventional survey methods.