Academic literature on the topic 'Poverty measures'

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Journal articles on the topic "Poverty measures"

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Bourguignon, François, and Gary S. Fields. "Poverty Measures and Anti-Poverty Policy." Recherches économiques de Louvain 56, no. 3-4 (1990): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800043979.

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SummaryThis paper analyzes the optimal allocation of a given antipoverty budget consistent with various usual measures of poverty. It is shown that it is generally optimal to give all the budget either to the poorest or to the richest of the poor. It is only with the Sen index of poverty that it is sometimes optimal to combine both types of allocation. This property may be related to the normalization rule used in the derivation of that measure and sheds some new light on the axiomatics of poverty measurement.
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Kouassi, Eugene, Pierre Mendy, Diaraf Seck, and Kern O. Kymn. "Dynamic Poverty Measures." Theoretical Economics Letters 01, no. 03 (2011): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/tel.2011.13014.

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Zheng, Buhong. "Aggregate Poverty Measures." Journal of Economic Surveys 11, no. 2 (December 16, 2002): 123–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6419.00028.

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Guan, Xinping. "Poverty and anti-poverty measures in China." China Journal of Social Work 7, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 270–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2014.962758.

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Lipman, Francine. "(Anti)Poverty Measures Exposed." Florida Tax Review 21, no. 2 (2018): 389–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/ftr.2017.0006.

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Battilocchi, Gian Luca. "Educational poverty in Italy: concepts, measures and policies." Central European Journal of Educational Research 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37441/cejer/2020/2/1/5753.

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In recent years in Italy, as a result of the initiative by the NGO Save the Children Italia and of the government action, we have witnessed the success of the notion of “povertà educativa”, as an effective way to indicate severe inequalities in education across the country. Firstly, the aim of this paper is to shed light on the different concepts and measures of educational poverty in socio-economic literature, in order to highlight specific and innovative aspects of this idea. Moreover, the paper intends to scrutinize Save the Children’s proposal in order to monitor and tackle educational poverty as well as to show how the action of the NGO has influenced the development of Italian recent government policies against child and educational poverty.
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Kumar, Pankaj. "A Retrospective Analysis of Measures of Poverty in India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/167.

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Kumar, Pankaj, and Dr P. K. Dam Dr P K Dam. "A Review of Different Measures of Poverty in India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/169.

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Zheng, Buhong. "Statistical inference for poverty measures with relative poverty lines." Journal of Econometrics 101, no. 2 (April 2001): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4076(00)00088-9.

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Sallila, Seppo, Heikki Hiilamo, and Reijo Sund. "Rethinking relative measures of poverty." Journal of European Social Policy 16, no. 2 (May 2006): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928706062500.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poverty measures"

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Mensink, Julia. "Poverty measures : from production to use." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/281/.

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This thesis uses the analogy between poverty measures and products to explore how poverty measures are designed, produced, distributed and used by different communities. Three historical case studies are analysed with this product approach: Charles Booth’s poverty surveys of London developed in the late nineteenth century, Mollie Orshansky’s poverty thresholds in the USA in the 1960s and two international measures of the Human Development Index (HDI) and the dollar-a-day in the late twentieth century. The product approach to statistical measurements offers a number of advantages. It shows how poverty measures do not provide numbers only, but packages of complementary products. Booth produced a set of innovations from his survey: numbers, maps and causal analyses; Orshansky a system for statistical and administrative use; and the UNDP a platform for human development – all three facilitating action to reduce poverty. Sometimes the products compete strongly in the market, as the UNDP’s HDI and World Bank’s dollar-a-day have done. Sometimes they help to establish new modes of social science, as Booth’s products did. Sometimes the original designs prove resistant to innovation as Orshansky’s thresholds did. More generally, this product approach places the numbers in their historical context. It demonstrates the importance of both the producers and the users in what happens to poverty measurements; it looks in particular at the way in which such measures are influenced by the interests of the different user groups and their political environment. It shows how co-production between the producers and users of poverty measures, or the lack thereof, influences the trust given to numbers.
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Trigger, David Scott, and n/a. "Does the way we measure poverty matter? : an analysis of alternative poverty measures with particular reference to changes in the level of poverty in Australia between 1975 and 1994." University of Canberra. Management & Technology, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.153010.

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There has been considerable controversy and debate over recent years about the most appropriate method of measuring poverty. This debate has included, among other issues, the questions of absolute versus relative poverty, the merits of money income as a measure of the standard of living and the associated selection of poverty lines and equivalence scales, and the selection of alternative indices of poverty. A review of the literature indicates that the choice of differing approaches to poverty measurement can lead to differing estimates of poverty. In the face of such results an evaluation of the impact upon poverty estimates of alternative measurement methodology is appropriate. This thesis assesses the impact upon the estimated level of poverty of variations in some of the key poverty measurement parameters. The expenditure data derived from the 1975-76, 1984 and 1993-94 Household Expenditure Surveys have been analysed to assess the sensitivity of poverty estimates, derived from a range of poverty indices, to variations in the generosity of the equivalence scales, the level of the poverty line, and the choice of the indicator of the level of resources used. The sensitivity of each poverty index to variations in these parameters is assessed at both the aggregated level and for the specified household types, while those population subgroups particularly susceptible to poverty are also identified. The poverty distributions derived for each of the survey years are compared to evaluate the impact upon changes in the level of poverty over time of variations in the underlying parameters. The thesis concludes that both poverty estimates at a point in time, and poverty trends over time are sensitive to variations in the equivalence scales, in the level of the poverty line, in the selection of the indicator of the level of resources, and in the choice of poverty index itself. In light of these results, a review of recent Australian poverty research concludes that insufficient attention has been paid to the sensitivity issues associated with the measurement of poverty.
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Kudebayeva, Alma. "Chronic poverty concepts and measures : an application to Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/chronic-poverty-concepts-and-measures-an-application-to-kazakhstan(e836dffd-137b-4bd5-918c-c801bd3991ba).html.

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This thesis explores the concepts and measurements of chronic poverty, with application to Kazakhstan. A rigorous analysis of different approaches in the measurement of poverty and chronic poverty is presented in this study. Five matching techniques have been applied for the construction of unintended panel data based on KHBS 2001-2009. The substantial test of reliability, representativeness and robustness of the constructed panel data has examined. The attrition biases of the longitudinal data have been studied rigorously. The appropriate equivalence scale has been determined through regression analysis to the Kazakhstan HBS. The sensitivity of conventional and chronic poverty measures to various poverty lines and equivalence scales studied in this thesis. The stochastic dominance analysis of per adult equivalent consumption expenditures has been presented. The chronic poverty measures and determinants of chronically and transient poor have been estimated. It illustrates that the main correlates of chronic poverty are education, employment status of the head of household, household composition, the ownership of assets such as a dwelling other than main dwelling, a car, access to water in the house and location. The correlates of transient poverty are similar to chronic poverty; however some of them have opposite signs, for example the ethnicity of the head of household, household compositions, an ownership of a dwelling other than main dwelling, location in urban area and repayments of loan in 2008. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis of the gap in consumption expenditures between chronically and transient poor, chronically poor and non-poor explains the differences through returns to endowments. Poverty transitions analysis illustrate improvement in poverty dynamics in later period of the study in 2006-2009. Long durations of poverty prevail among singles with children and couples with children. Poverty exit rates are higher than poverty entry rates for the whole period of 2001-2009. The multivariate hazard regression models are estimated to examine differences in people's experience of poverty over a period of time. For individuals who enter poverty, the total span of time that they spend in poverty consequently depends on both the chances of exit from poverty and the chances of re-entry to poverty. The results confirm the negative duration dependence of the hazards of poverty exit and re-entry for longer lengths of state. The only factor significantly positive influence on poverty exit is a location in Almaty. Many correlates of the model estimation have the same signs for the hazard rate of poverty exit and re-entries. These facts mean that these factors are common for transient poor, who are moving in and out poverty in given period of time. As defined before the existence of children under age six will increase the hazard rate of poverty re-entry.
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Schreiber, Andrew P. "Rethinking the Poverty Line| What Alternate Measures Indicate About Urban Poverty and Its Geographic Distribution." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1545728.

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In order to adequately address problems associated with poverty, definitions and measurements of the issue must first be understood. This goal is complex, as both the definitions and measurement of poverty are subjective and vary geographically and categorically. The commonly used American poverty measure (i.e. the "poverty line") has recently received criticism because of its limitations as an absolute measure that fails to recognize the relative nature of poverty. Such criticisms have led to the development of alternate poverty measures. However, no single measure has the ability to account for all factors associated with poverty. As such, it is important to understand the strengths and weaknesses of various poverty metrics.

The aim of this study is to identify the benefits and limitations of several alternate poverty measures by examining each measure in relation to cultural and social indicators. In this study, several alternate poverty measures are identified and applied to the St. Louis Region. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression techniques are used in conjunction with census data from the St. Louis metropolitan statistical area to identify the social and cultural factors that are concomitant to poverty as measured by each of the alternate poverty metrics. The poverty measures are then compared based on the significance of each identified concomitant. Additionally, alternate poverty metrics are compared through an examination of maps created to show variations in geographic distribution. The distribution of poverty is measured geographically for each alternate measure and subsequently standardized for meaningful comparison between measures by mapping the variance of distribution.

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Donbavand, Steven. "Model-based approaches to the estimation of poverty measures in small areas." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/383998/.

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Mbewe, Samson. "Investigating household energy poverty in South Africa by using unidimensional and multidimensional measures." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29336.

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The ability to access affordable, reliable and modern energy services presents a pathway to social and economic development. Yet, the lack of access to modern energy services is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and developing Asia. Following the declaration to achieve universal access to energy by 2030 in the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals – several tools have emerged tracking and monitoring energy access and energy poverty. Earlier efforts have focused on measuring energy poverty from a unidimensional perspective while recent efforts have focused on a multidimensional measurement. However, the growing trend in tracking and monitoring energy poverty using multidimensional indicators has been applied limitedly in the context of South Africa. Part of this has been associated with the lack of detailed and reliable survey data. With access to detailed survey data, this study aimed to evaluate household energy poverty in South Africa by using both unidimensional and multidimensional measures. This study constructed the energy budget share, also known as Tenth-Percentile Rule (TPR) (unidimensional) and the multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) using data from wave 1 (2008) and wave 4 (2014-2015) of the National Income Dynamic Study (NIDS) of South Africa. A 10 percent threshold was used for the energy-budget share while a 0.3 cutoff point was used for the MEPI. This study first computed national-level estimates of household energy poverty, and subsequently decomposed these estimates by province, household income poverty status and household location (urban versus rural). A sensitivity analysis was performed to test for the stability in ranking of provinces when the energy poverty threshold of the TPR was varied from 7 to 13 percent, and the energy poverty cutoff k of the MEPI was changed from 0.2 to 0.4. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was determined for each pair of ranking of provinces to establish the strength of correlation. Based on the TPR measure, results show that 21 and 13 percent of South African households lived in energy poverty in 2008 and 2014-2015, respectively. The MEPI measure indicates that 37 and 19 percent of the households lived in energy poverty in 2008 and 2014- 2015, respectively. Limpopo province had the highest rates of energy poverty in 2014-2015 with values of 25 percent (using TPR) and 52 percent (using MEPI). This study also found that by 2014-2015, only 23 percent (using the TPR) and 46 percent (using the MEPI) of energy poor households lived below the food poverty line of R430. Further, this study found that household energy poverty has reduced in rural areas and by 2014-2015, only 18 percent (using TPR) and 49 percent (using MEPI) of households located in rural areas lived in energy poverty. The lowest observed value of the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.90. It is concluded that the overall household energy poverty has reduced in South Africa between 2008 and 2014-2015. The TPR gives lower estimates of energy poverty than the corresponding values obtained from the MEPI measure. There is negligible effect of varying the threshold values (within the studied range) of the TPR and k.
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Bakardijeva, Radostina, and Christoph Sowada. "The employment crisis, pensions and poverty in Bulgaria 1990-1998 : trends – consequences – preventative measures." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4889/.

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After promising beginnings towards transformation, in 1991 the Bulgarian economy fell into deep crisis in the period from 1995 to 1997. Social policy, already overstrained due to the demands of transition, was unable to cope effectively with the rapidly spreading state of emergency. The following essay analyses the development of the social indicators and instruments of social security in the years 1990 to 1998. In addition to unemployment and unemployment insurance, the issue of pensions and poverty will also be examined.
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Ragno, Luigi. "Linking protection and promotion in poor households : social pension scheme and poverty reduction in urban Bangladesh : do cash-based social assistance measures promote more investments towards poverty exit?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/linking-protection-and-promotion-in-poor-households-social-pension-scheme-and-poverty-reduction-in-urban-bangladeshdo-cashbased-social-assistance-measures-promote-more-investments-towards-poverty-exit(c427494d-41a5-424b-9e05-ad9448082f16).html.

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Social Protection, and in particular social assistance, has emerged as a key area of international development policy. Recognition of the important role of social protection policies is aligned to a growing consensus on their role in reducing poverty and vulnerability and in preventing people from falling into poverty and facilitating exit from poverty. In the late 1990s, the World Bank (WB) developed the Social Risk Management (SRM) framework as a new conceptual framework for analysing social protection in developing countries. In the SRM, risk taking, the proactive management of risk at household level, was argued to be essential in enabling poor households to invest and grasp opportunities for economic development and poverty reduction. This research examines and conceptualizes the why and the how of investment by households in poverty. The research also examines the extent to which access to social assistance interventions may play a positive or negative role in the process. The thesis argues that the SRM oversimplifies and underestimates a variety of factors and processes that play a role in the household’s investment behaviour in three dimensions of their life, namely savings, education and health. In the research, household decision making is conceptualised as a two stage process of ‘constructing’ investment preferences (what they are willing to do), and of ‘realizing’ or ‘revealing’ household choices (what they actually do). The empirical findings indicate that access to social assistance did not appear to have a role in constructing investment preferences. However, it had limited role under certain circumstances in favouring the realization of households’ investment preferences. The research suggests that the SRM fails to encapsulate the complexity of household investment decisions, crucial to exiting poverty. Building on some of the concepts emerged in the research, I develop a ‘behavioural’ variation of the ‘risk taking /poverty exit’ component of the SRM in an attempt to improve the explanatory capacity of this framework. The research utilises the grounded theory framework (GT), adapted to a low income country context, and investigates the role of social assistance in household behaviour through an extensive field work in Bangladesh with urban households targeted by the Old Age Allowance Scheme (OAA), one of the largest social assistance schemes in Bangladesh.
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Dawood, Ghalieb. "Applying fuzzy-set theoretic poverty measures within a developmental local government context : the Khayelitsha - Mitchell's Plain case study." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6759.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-108).
This paper attempts to demonstrate the importance of the linkage between the presence of poverty and the nature of governance, something largely omitted from poverty studies in South Africa. The context of this investigation was the establishment of the new local government model (i.e. Developmental Local Government), which puts governance at the forefront of addressing poverty effectively. The new governance model adopts a multidimensional poverty paradigm in its Integrated Development Planning (IDP). However, in this study we have examined whether the approach adopted (i.e. Basic Needs) is necessarily the best multidimensional approach available. We have given preference to the capabilities approach with its emphasis on well-being where people are the beneficiaries of development rather than the basic needs approach where the emphasis is on goods and services as a means to good life. Sen's Capabilities Approach was operationalised by adopting a relatively new methodology (Le. fuzzy-set theoretic poverty measures) for measuring multidimensional poverty in the Khayelitsha Mitchell's Plain (KMP) magisterial district using the Census 2001 dataset. Our results show that unemployment, housing and low incomes need the most attention in KMP. Furthermore, the fuzzy-set measures, which view poverty as opaque and vague, yield more detailed policy information, thus preventing the single-policy response dominating many IDPs at present. As a medium term policy response, it is suggested that the implementation of the extended public works programme in KMP has the potential to significantly address both the material and non-material capability failure existing in KMP.
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Mahmood, Tahir [Verfasser], Xiaohua [Akademischer Betreuer] Yu, Stephan [Gutachter] Klasen, and Sebastian [Gutachter] Vollmer. "Essays on Comparing Poverty Measures, Gender Differences in Subjective Well-being, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in Pakistan : Do the Poor really Feel Poor? Comparing Objective Poverty with Subjective Poverty in Pakistan / Tahir Mahmood ; Gutachter: Stephan Klasen, Sebastian Vollmer ; Betreuer: Xiaohua Yu." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164231189/34.

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Books on the topic "Poverty measures"

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Short, Kathleen. Experimental poverty measures: 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economic and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, 2001.

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Cowell, F. A. Poverty measures, inequality and decomposability. London: Taxation, Incentives and the Distribution of Income Programme, 1987.

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Zheng, Buhong. A survey on aggregate poverty measures. Denver, Colo: CRESP, Center for Research on Economic and Social Policy, University of Colorado at Denver, 1996.

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Iceland, John. Poverty among working families: Findings from experimental poverty measures, 1998. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000.

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Iceland, John. Poverty among working families: Findings from experimental poverty measures, 1998. [Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000.

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Sreenivas, Iyengar N., ed. Poverty and sustainable development: Concepts and measures. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2010.

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Conference, Indian Economic Association. Poverty and sustainable development: Concepts and measures. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2010.

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Conference, Indian Economic Association. Poverty and sustainable development: Concepts and measures. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2010.

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Conference, Indian Economic Association. Poverty and sustainable development: Concepts and measures. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2010.

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Lamberte, Exaltacion E. Going beyond income measures in mapping poverty. Manila, Philippines: National Statistics Office, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Poverty measures"

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Mehta, Aasha Kapur, and Shashanka Bhide. "Poverty Trends and Measures." In Poverty, Chronic Poverty and Poverty Dynamics, 9–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0677-8_2.

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Berry, Sara. "Poverty Counts: Living with Poverty and Poverty Measures." In The Many Dimensions of Poverty, 36–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230592407_3.

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Alkire, Sabina. "Multidimensional Poverty Measures as Policy Tools." In Philosophy and Poverty, 197–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31711-9_12.

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Agola, Nathaniel O., and Joseph L. Awange. "Traditional Measures of Poverty Lines." In Globalized Poverty and Environment, 61–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39733-2_5.

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Agola, Nathaniel O., and Joseph L. Awange. "Poverty Measures and Dichotomy of Urban-Rural Poverty." In Globalized Poverty and Environment, 111–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39733-2_9.

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Lemmi, Achille, and Tomasz Panek. "Regional and Local Poverty Measures." In Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation, 19–40. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118814963.ch2.

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Chakravarty, Satya R. "Ethically Flexible Measures of Poverty." In Poverty, Social Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance, 13–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3432-0_2.

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Cowell, Frank A. "Poverty Measures, Inequality and Decomposability." In Welfare and Efficiency in Public Economics, 149–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73370-3_5.

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Fields, Gary S. "Should Poverty and Inequality Measures be Combined?" In Poverty, Inequality and Development, 67–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29748-0_5.

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Castleman, Tony, James E. Foster, and Stephen C. Smith. "Person Equivalent Headcount Measures of Poverty." In Inequality and Growth: Patterns and Policy, 101–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137554543_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Poverty measures"

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Garcia-Lapresta, Jose Luis, Casilda Laso de la Vega, Ricardo Alberto Marques Pereira, and Ana Urrutia. "A new class of fuzzy poverty measures." In 2015 Conference of the International Fuzzy Systems Association and the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (IFSA-EUSFLAT-15). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifsa-eusflat-15.2015.161.

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Li, Xinghua, and Quanlu Lin. "Study on the Causes of Poverty in the Northwest Contiguous Poverty-Stricken Area and its Anti-Poverty Measures." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Education, Management Science and Economics (ICEMSE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemse-17.2017.56.

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Tkachenko, Alexander A. "Is there a joint field of cooperation among the BRICS countries in measures against poverty and extreme poverty?" In Proceedings of the External Challenges and Risks for Russia in the Context of the World Community’s Transition to Polycentrism: Economics, Finance and Business (ICEFB 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icefb-19.2019.16.

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Zhang, Yuping, and Wenbin Liu. "Research on key measures of Precision Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas." In 8th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Management Society (EMIM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emim-18.2018.108.

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Villaverde, Karen, Nagwa Albehery, Tonghui Wang, and Vladik Kreinovich. "Semi-heuristic poverty measures used by economists: Justification motivated by fuzzy techniques." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2012.6251285.

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Long, Kody. "Persistence of Poverty: How Measures of Socioeconomic Status Have Changed Over Time." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1682909.

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Putian, Pu. "RELOCATION AS A MODE OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION: CASE STUDY OF JINGGU COUNTY, YUNNAN PROVINCE." In Chinese Studies in the 21st Century. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-1802-8-2022-128-142.

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The year 2020 was a decisive year when China won a nationwide battle against poverty to build a moderately well-to-do society. The key to combat poverty was placed on practical measures to identify poverty-stricken areas. One of the measures to relieve large numbers of people from poverty was relocation. Yunnan province is predominantly mountainous or hilly with many poor counties that often suffer from natural disasters. Taking the case of a typically poor, mountainous, and highly inaccessible Jinggu County for a special study, this paper evaluates the process of relocating 3,721 households during the years between 2016 and 2018, and the resolution of a series of subsequent problems after relocation. By means of a questionnaire survey, the investigation focuses on the manner by which relocation was carried out and the management of problems that followed. By means of a series of response measures and suggestions, the study will attempt to provide a useful reference on poverty alleviation through a relocation model.
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Durgun, Özlem. "Child Poverty in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01711.

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Poverty is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty issue is examined on a sector and national levels. Addition it is examined in households and gender level in many countries. When these studies are examined, the most affected segments of poverty are women and children. In our study: The relationship between the woman poverty rates and female labour force participation rates were examined in Turkey. Poor children do not only occur in developing countries. In developed countries and in countries with high income levels, poor children are likely to occur. Adults’ poverty is possible to solve in time with employment, aids and donations. However, child poverty continues in the future. Unfortunately, aid to households are not enough. So the problem must be clearly demonstrated and implemented specific policies for children. Child is the social structure of the subject. Damage to children will be create a domino effect in the future. Consequently, it should be recognized and taken measures taken in advance.
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Feng, Shuangpeng, and Chaoming Ou. "Research on Effective Configuration of Re-poverty Governance Measures: Based on fsQCA Analysis." In 2021 7th International Conference on Big Data and Information Analytics (BigDIA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdia53151.2021.9619688.

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Stevenson, Phillip D., Christopher A. Mattson, Kenneth M. Bryden, and Nordica A. MacCarty. "Towards a Universal Social Impact Metric for Engineered Products That Alleviate Poverty." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67584.

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More than ever before, engineers are creating products for developing countries. One of the purposes of these products is to improve the consumer’s quality of life. Currently, there is no established method of measuring the social impact of these types of products. As a result, engineers have used their own metrics to assess their product’s impact, if at all. Some of the common metrics used include products sold and revenue, which measure the financial success of a product without recognizing the social successes or failures it might have. In this paper we introduce a potential metric, the Product Impact Metric (PIM), which quantifies the impact a product has on impoverished individuals — especially those living in developing countries. It measures social impact broadly in five dimensions: health, education, standard of living, employment quality, and security. The PIM is inspired by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) created by the United Nations Development Programme. The MPI measures how the depth of poverty within a nation changes year after year, and the PIM measures how an individual’s quality of life changes after being affected by an engineered product. The Product Impact Metric can be used to predict social impacts (using personas that represent real individuals) or measure social impacts (using specific data from products introduced into the market).
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Reports on the topic "Poverty measures"

1

Ravallion, Martin, and Shaohua Chen. Welfare-Consistent Global Poverty Measures. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23739.

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Alkire, Sabina, and José Manuel Roche. Beyond Headcount: Measures that Reflect the Breadth and Components of Child Poverty. University of Oxford, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii018.

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Yalonetzky, Gaston. Conditions for the most robust multidimensional poverty comparisons using counting measures and ordinal variables. ECINEQ, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii034.

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4

Hurd, Michael, and Susann Rohwedder. Economic Well-Being at Older Ages: Income- and Consumption-Based Poverty Measures in the HRS. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12680.

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Wu, Jinhua. Approaches to Eradicate Absolute Poverty in Guangdong Province, the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210503-2.

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6

Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.

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This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted with 8,056 respondents. Relative income poverty lines do not on their own provide a satisfactory measure of exclusion due to lack of resources, but do nonetheless produce important key indicators of medium to long-term background trends. The numbers falling below relative income poverty lines were most often higher in 2000 than in 1997 or 1994. The income gap for those falling below these thresholds also increased. By contrast, the percentage of persons falling below income lines indexed only to prices (rather than average income) since 1994 or 1997 fell sharply, reflecting the pronounced real income growth throughout the distribution between then and 2000. This contrast points to the fundamental factors at work over this highly unusual period: unemployment fell very sharply and substantial real income growth was seen throughout the distribution, including social welfare payments, but these lagged behind income from work and property so social welfare recipients were more likely to fall below thresholds linked to average income. The study shows an increasing probability of falling below key relative income thresholds for single person households, those affected by illness or disability, and for those who are aged 65 or over - many of whom rely on social welfare support. Those in households where the reference person is unemployed still face a relatively high risk of falling below the income thresholds but continue to decline as a proportion of all those below the lines. Women face a higher risk of falling below those lines than men, but this gap was marked among the elderly. The study shows a marked decline in deprivation levels across different household types. As a result consistent poverty, that is the numbers both below relative income poverty lines and experiencing basic deprivation, also declined sharply. Those living in households comprising one adult with children continue to face a particularly high risk of consistent poverty, followed by those in families with two adults and four or more children. The percentage of adults in households below 70 per cent of median income and experiencing basic deprivation was seen to have fallen from 9 per cent in 1997 to about 4 per cent, while the percentage of children in such households fell from 15 per cent to 8 per cent. Women aged 65 or over faced a significantly higher risk of consistent poverty than men of that age. Up to 2000, the set of eight basic deprivation items included in the measure of consistent poverty were unchanged, so it was important to assess whether they were still capturing what would be widely seen as generalised deprivation. Factor analysis suggested that the structuring of deprivation items into the different dimensions has remained remarkably stable over time. Combining low income with the original set of basic deprivation indicators did still appear to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation as a result of prolonged constraints in terms of command over resources, and distinguished from those experiencing other types of deprivation. However, on its own this does not tell the whole story - like purely relative income measures - nor does it necessarily remain the most appropriate set of indicators looking forward. Finally, it is argued that it would now be appropriate to expand the range of monitoring tools to include alternative poverty measures incorporating income and deprivation. Levels of deprivation for some of the items included in the original basic set were so low by 2000 that further progress will be difficult to capture empirically. This represents a remarkable achievement in a short space of time, but poverty is invariably reconstituted in terms of new and emerging social needs in a context of higher societal living standards and expectations. An alternative set of basic deprivation indicators and measure of consistent poverty is presented, which would be more likely to capture key trends over the next number of years. This has implications for the approach adopted in monitoring the National Anti-Poverty Strategy. Monitoring over the period to 2007 should take a broader focus than the consistent poverty measure as constructed to date, with attention also paid to both relative income and to consistent poverty with the amended set of indicators identified here.
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Kaffenberger, Michelle, Lant Pritchett, and Martina Viarengo. Towards a Right to Learn: Concepts and Measurement of Global Education Poverty. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/085.

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The idea that children have a “right to education” has been widely accepted since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (United Nations, 1948) and periodically reinforced since. The “right to education” has always, explicitly or implicitly, encompassed a “right to learn.” Measures of schooling alone, such as enrollment or grade attainment, without reference to skills, capabilities, and competencies acquired, are inadequate for defining education or education poverty. Because of education’s cumulative and dynamic nature, education poverty needs an “early” standard (e.g., Grade 3 or 4 or age 8 or 10) and a “late” standard (e.g., Grade 10 or 12 or ages 15 and older). Further, as with all international poverty definitions, there needs to be a low, extreme standard, which is found almost exclusively in low- and middle-income countries and can inform prioritization and action, and a higher “global” standard, against which even some children in high income countries would be considered education poor but which is considered a reasonable aspiration for all children. As assessed against any proposed standard, we show there is a massive learning crisis: students spend many years in school and yet do not reach an early standard of mastery of foundational skills nor do they reach any reasonable global minimum standard by the time they emerge from school. The overwhelming obstacle to addressing education poverty today is not enrollment/grade attainment nor inequality in learning achievement, but the fact that the typical learning profile is just too shallow for children to reach minimum standards.
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Fox, Liana, Irwin Garfinkel, Neeraj Kaushal, Jane Waldfogel, and Christopher Wimer. Waging War on Poverty: Historical Trends in Poverty Using the Supplemental Poverty Measure. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19789.

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Korenman, Sanders, and Dahlia Remler. Rethinking Elderly Poverty: Time for a Health Inclusive Poverty Measure? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18900.

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10

Fitzgerald, John, and Robert Moffitt. The Supplemental Poverty Measure: A New Method for Measuring Poverty. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30056.

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