Journal articles on the topic 'Poverty, inclusivity and wellbeing'
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Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa, and Russell Smyth. "Transport poverty and subjective wellbeing." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 124 (June 2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.03.004.
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Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa, Russell Smyth, and Lisa Farrell. "Fuel poverty and subjective wellbeing." Energy Economics 86 (February 2020): 104650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104650.
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Baldridge, David, Mukta Kulkarni, and Susanne Bruyere. "New Directions in Disability Research: Work Contexts, Inclusivity, and Wellbeing Interactions." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 12565. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.12565symposium.
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Kadam, Sachin K. "Poverty and Human Wellbeing: The Indian Context." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/2015/v57/i2/100404.
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Venkatapuram, Sridhar. "Subjective wellbeing: a primer for poverty analysts." Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982713x664029.
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Jamal, Haroon. "Assessing Poverty with Non-Income Deprivation Indicators: Pakistan, 2008-09." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 4II (December 1, 2011): 913–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.913-927.
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The approach to measure poverty in terms of financial deprivation has been widely criticised in the literature of welfare and wellbeing. It is argued that to understand the complex phenomenon of poverty or to evaluate household or individual wellbeing, a multidimensional exercise is imperative. This research quantifies the level of multidimensional poverty in Pakistan using household data of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey. Multidimensional poverty in terms of the popular FGT (headcount, poverty gap, poverty severity) indices is estimated for the year 2009. Indicators of human poverty, poor housing and deprivation in household physical assets are included in estimating poverty in multi-dimensional context. For assessing the inter-temporal consistency in the methodology, poverty indices are also developed for the year 2005. JEL classification: I32, I31 Keywords: Poverty, Multidimensional, Categorical Principal Component Analysis, Poverty Indices, Pakistan
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Su, Yiyi, Shaker A. Zahra, Rui Li, and Di Fan. "Trust, poverty, and subjective wellbeing among Chinese entrepreneurs." Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 32, no. 1-2 (July 21, 2019): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2019.1640483.
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Halpern-Meekin, Sarah. "Social Poverty and Relational Resources." Contexts 19, no. 2 (May 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504220920195.
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Social poverty comes from lacking high-quality, trustworthy, dependable relationships. This is distinct from the experience of financial poverty and has consequences for wellbeing. Without adequately recognizing the multidimensional nature of human needs, we cannot understand individuals’ behavior and motivations, nor can we develop policies that successfully respond to their needs.
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Davis, Brian. "Book Review: International Relations: Civil Society and Global Poverty: Hegemony, Inclusivity, Legitimacy." Political Studies Review 13, no. 2 (April 9, 2015): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12087_43.
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Hudayana, Istato, and Nurhadi Nurhadi. "Memaknai Realitas Kemiskinan Kultural di Pedesaan: Sebuah Pendekatan Partisipatoris." Journal of Social Development Studies 1, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsds.205.
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This article aims to reveal how the members of the poor family perceive wellbeing and poverty. This article is based on the theory of cultural poverty which sees the existence of a set of cultures that cause poor people difficult to escape from poverty. The research method used is qualitative inductive (exploratory) through phenomenology approach and data analysis uses descriptive analysis. The important finding of the study is that the poor perceived wellbeing as multiple and gradual i.e. (i) have healthy physical, (ii) a harmonic relation with others in communities and (iii) have enough money to meet the basic needs, especially, food. There is a dualistic view of poverty, between they accept as in the philosophy of "nrimo ing pandum" and they reject the conditions of their poverty although they do not know the way out.
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Coulthard, Sarah, Derek Johnson, and J. Allister McGregor. "Poverty, sustainability and human wellbeing: A social wellbeing approach to the global fisheries crisis." Global Environmental Change 21, no. 2 (May 2011): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.003.
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Saikia, Udoy, Melinda M. Dodd, James Chalmers, Gouranga Dasvarma, and Susanne Schech. "COVID-19, individual wellbeing and multi-dimensional poverty in the state of South Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0252898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252898.
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Research efforts in the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on the actual and potential impacts on societies, economies, sectors, and governments. Less attention was paid to the experiences of individuals and less still to the impact of COVID-19 on an individual’s wellbeing. This research addresses this gap by utilising a holistic wellbeing framework to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the overall wellbeing of individuals in the Australian state of South Australia through an online survey. The research framework for the survey comprises six dimensions: psychological and emotional health, physical health, living standards, family and community vitality, governance, and ecological diversity and resilience. The results show that most respondents (71%) were able to maintain overall wellbeing during the pandemic. However, more than a half of the respondents could not maintain wellbeing in psychological and emotional health. Further examination of the drivers of inability to maintain overall wellbeing reveals that low-income individuals, younger respondents (aged 18–24) and women suffer disproportionate hardships. Defining poverty in terms of multi-dimensional deprivations in wellbeing enables a nuanced analysis of the unequal impacts of COVID-19 mitigation policies that can be used to improve policymaking.
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Back, Robin M., Linda L. Lowry, and Elizabeth A. Cartier. "Leapfrogging to empowerment and inclusivity." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 1, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 4–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-10-2017-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illuminate an example of current practices and processes that enable transformation in the workplace in a South African multi-unit hospitality and tourism business, affording previously disadvantaged people the opportunity to advance in the organization and participate in the management and ownership of that organization. Design/methodology/approach A constructivist grounded theory methodological framework is used for the collection of data, analysis and theoretical development, utilizing Charmaz’s (2006, 2011, 2014) approach in both the collection and analysis of data as well as the theoretical perspective that emerged from the research process. Intensive semi-structured recorded interviews were conducted with the owner and managers of the company. Following transcription of the interviews, multi-level data coding allowed the move from an inductive to an abductive process with theoretical sampling allowing the shift toward conceptual and theoretical development. Findings Study findings provide insight about the processes and practices that enabled previously disadvantaged people to move into management and ownership of a multi-unit South African hospitality and tourism business. Leapfrogging emerged as a theoretical perspective that provides interpretive understanding of atypical upward employment mobility, i.e. “human leapfrogging.” Research limitations/implications While this study is limited to a single hospitality and tourism company in South Africa that is not necessarily typical of other South African businesses, it provides a vivid illustration of the impact that visionary leadership and a genuine desire to “level the playing field” can have on individuals, both personally and professionally, and their wider communities. Practical implications Leapfrogging theory in the context of “human leapfrogging” suggests innovative business practices for fast-tracking marginalized individuals out of poverty and provides an urgently needed theoretical perspective for this process. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, the leapfrogging concept has not previously been applied in the context of atypical employment progression within the corporation, nor has its impact on the corporation and the lives of the affected individuals and their communities been examined.
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Javed, Sohail, Noman Saeed, and Asghar Ali. "Linking Internal Migration, Flow of Remittances and Household Wellbeing." Asian Economic and Financial Review 12, no. 9 (August 22, 2022): 766–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5002.v12i9.4593.
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Labor migration is usually considered as economically benefiting the household family members who are left behind through remittances. The extent of migration and remittances have shown significant growth however the empirical evidence on the casual impact of migration on economic status and wellbeing of those who are left behind is not well documented at the regional level in Pakistan. The study aimed to assess the impact of regional remittance flow on household economic status and wellbeing by using propensity score matching (PSM) technique. The first approach is to develop Multidimensional Poverty Index and second to show how pattern of inter and intra-provincial and regional remittances flow decreases the probability of poverty and affects the household wellbeing. For the analysis, the study utilized the nationally representative Pakistan Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2013–2014. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that internal labor mobility occurs because of poverty, instead of benefitting the households who are left behind further had dragged them into risk of poverty. The poor individuals moving to urban or other areas in search of job opportunities had not been able to support themselves in new areas but also had failed to support their family back at home.
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Pickett, Kate E., and Richard G. Wilkinson. "Child wellbeing and income inequality in rich societies: ecological cross sectional study." BMJ 335, no. 7629 (November 16, 2007): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39377.580162.55.
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Objectives To examine associations between child wellbeing and material living standards (average income), the scale of differentiation in social status (income inequality), and social exclusion (children in relative poverty) in rich developed societies. Design Ecological, cross sectional studies. Setting Cross national comparisons of 23 rich countries; cross state comparisons within the United States. Population Children and young people. Main outcome measures The Unicef index of child wellbeing and its components for rich countries; eight comparable measures for the US states and District of Columbia (teenage births, juvenile homicides, infant mortality, low birth weight, educational performance, dropping out of high school, overweight, mental health problems). Results The overall index of child wellbeing was negatively correlated with income inequality ( r =−0.64, P=0.001) and percentage of children in relative poverty ( r =−0.67, P=0.001) but not with average income ( r =0.15, P=0.50). Many more indicators of child wellbeing were associated with income inequality or children in relative poverty, or both, than with average incomes. Among the US states and District of Columbia all indicators were significantly worse in more unequal states. Only teenage birth rates and the proportion of children dropping out of high school were lower in richer states. Conclusions Improvements in child wellbeing in rich societies may depend more on reductions in inequality than on further economic growth.
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Lepkowska, Dorothy. "The impact of growing poverty on health and wellbeing." British Journal of School Nursing 8, no. 3 (April 2013): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjsn.2013.8.3.113.
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Eteng, Felix Onen, Ikechukwu Jonathan Opara, and Hilary Adie. "Prebendalism and Rural Poverty in Cross River State, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 6 (November 12, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n6p87.
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Prebendalism and rural poverty are two main variables whose problems have negatively impacted on the developmental process of the state. This condition at the grassroots is commonly observed in the area of low income, poor shelter, poor health facilities, and in other socioeconomic wellbeing of the people. In this study, the main objective is to investigate the effect of prebendalism on rural poverty in cross river state. A quantitative research method was utilized. The findings of this study shows that prebendalism and rural poverty as the bane of development in the state are difficult to be eradicated. The implication is that unless prebendalism is eradicated, the wellbeing of the people at the grassroots will be a mirage. Therefore, this study attempts to provide policy directive along the line of the need for government to review its implementation of poverty programmes at the grassroots by eradicating or minimizing prebendalism.
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محمد باقر, زين العابدين, عارف عل عارف, and منتهى أرتاليم زعيم. "التبني بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الإندونيسي." Al Hikmah International Journal of Islamic Studies and Human Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/hkmh.4.1.21i.
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The evolution of poverty has been an emerging economic and social phenomenon which poses the attention of national and international government and developmental organizations in Muslim and non-Muslim countries to initiate various strategies and programs for the poverty alleviation. In Islam, it is crucially important to cater for the wellbeing of the people in a society so that it would positively constitute socio-economic development, political stability and religion propagation. This study aims to explore the poverty alleviation measures prescribed in Islam as a collective solution to several calamities. For this purpose, deductive research method is adopted to articulate the major maqassid of Quran and Sunnah in eradicating poverty as the two primary sources of Shariah explicitly and implicitly encompass all the aspects of life most especially the livelihood wellbeing in accordance with Shariah objective of wealth protection. The study is significant as it will revive Muslims’ intuition to refer back to the teachings from the divine sources to ensure socio-economic development and sustainability.
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Kim, Yeonwoo, and Catherine Cubbin. "Neighborhood Poverty Histories and Physical Activity Among Children: Findings From the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study." American Journal of Health Promotion 34, no. 8 (May 11, 2020): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117120923948.
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Purpose: Examine the association between neighborhood poverty histories and physical activity, and the moderation effect of family poverty and the mediation effect of built environments in such association. Design: A cross-sectional study of the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (2012-2013), a follow-up survey of statewide-representative Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (2003-2007). Setting: California. Participants: A total of 2493 women with children. Measures: Outcome measures are (1) daily leisure physical activity and (2) days of physical activity among children. An independent variable is poverty histories of census tract where the child resided. Mediators were mother-perceived social cohesion, mother-perceived neighborhood safety, distance to the closest park, and park acreage within 0.5 miles from the home. A moderator is family poverty. Analysis: Weighted regression analysis. Results: Family poverty was a significant moderator ( P < .05); poor children in neighborhoods with long-term moderate poverty, long-term high poverty, or increasing poverty (vs long-term low poverty) had greater odds of daily physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 1.50, 1.66, respectively). Nonpoor children in neighborhoods with long-term moderate poverty or increasing poverty (vs long-term low poverty) were associated with decreased odds of daily physical activity (OR = 0.61 and 0.44, respectively). Mediation associations were insignificant ( P > .05). Conclusion: The combined effect of family financial strains and neighborhood economic resources might prevent poor children in neighborhoods with long-term low poverty and decreasing poverty from utilizing health-promoting resources in neighborhoods.
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Arif, G. M., Shujaat Farooq, Saman Nazir, and Maryam Satti. "Child Malnutrition and Poverty: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v53i2pp.99-118.
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The role of economic factors, particularly income and consumption, in the wellbeing of a population is well documented. The well-being, however, does not depend solely on these factors, social indicators such as life expectancy, health, education and nutrition serve an important complementary function [Linnemayr, et al. (2008)]. The most significant social problems in many developing countries including Pakistan are widespread child malnutrition, high infant mortality and low literacy. Child malnutrition is considered as the key risk factor for illness and death, contributing to more than half the deaths of children globally [Cheah, et al. (2010)]. It also affects the child morbidity rate and poses threat to their physical and mental development, which results in lower level of educational attainment [Chirwa and Ngalawa (2008)]. The recent literature therefore considers the nutrition status as an important dimension of individual wellbeing [Babatunde, Olagunju, and Fakayode (2011)].
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L., Rhonda, and Sarah E. "Sharing the Responsibility for Children Experiencing Poverty: Wellbeing, Empowerment, Complexification, and Ecosystem Leadership." European Journal of Educational Management 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eujem.5.2.87.
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<p style="text-align:justify">Poverty is a clustered and corrosive disadvantage that affects students throughout their lives. The education system has been positioned as an opportunity to break the cycle of poverty. Yet, the education system continues to fail to achieve its potential. We conceptually explore how educational leaders could perceive their responsibility in assisting children experiencing poverty and in leveraging the education ecosystem to fulfill the promise of full capability functioning through self-agency and empowerment. We call for an education leadership shift from an outcomes-based paradigm to a student-focused paradigm that embraces the complexity of poverty, develops students’ opportunities for self-agency and empowerment, and ultimately leads to a higher quality of life. We propose an interdisciplinary model of leadership.</p>
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Nolan, Patrick, Yvonne Wang, and Meghan Stephens. "Modelling Child Poverty and Wellbeing the Treasury’s TAWA microsimulation model." Policy Quarterly 18, no. 3 (August 15, 2022): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v18i3.7717.
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Large tax–transfer microsimulation models can play a key role in guiding tax–transfer analysis and reform. This article discusses the Treasury’s microsimulation model of the tax–transfer system (the Tax and Welfare Analysis (TAWA) model), including how it is used and the standard outputs it produces. The article also considers whether these standard outputs continue to be fit for purpose. This includes a discussion of different ways of estimating poverty impacts, the role reporting should give to financial incentives to work, and the opportunities provided by improved data. This final point is particularly important for understanding take-up and the prospect for extending the model to cover non-financial measures.
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Kuy, Kakada, and Sojung Park. "INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC WELL-BEING ON HEALTH, AND MODERATING EFFECT OF SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT AMONG OLDER CAMBODIANS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.014.
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Abstract Similar to other post-conflict nations in Southeast Asia, impacts of civil wars and violence, coupled with the present poverty, place older Cambodians in vulnerable health conditions. Older Cambodians have limited access to basic healthcare and decent living conditions. To date, little research has been conducted to understand their health and related determinants. This study aimed to examine the influence of economic wellbeing and the moderating effect of social engagement on the physical health of older Cambodians. Data came from Survey of Elderly Cambodia (2004), the only existing nationally representative dataset of older Cambodians age 60 and above (N=1,273). Economic wellbeing was measured in two dimensions: (1) subjective economic wellbeing with three indicators of self-rated economic satisfaction and (2) objective economic wellbeing with household item possession and current housing conditions. Social engagement was examined with four types of engagement in the community. For physical health, the number of health complaints was examined. Results of Poisson regression showed objective economic wellbeing, such as access to basic household items and decent housing conditions, was significantly related to physical health (p < .001). However, we found no role of social engagement in the association between the subjective economic wellbeing and health. Furthermore, social engagement has a significant moderating effect on the association between objective economic wellbeing and physical health (p < .001), controlling for all covariates. For anti-poverty and health policy development for older Cambodians, a promising intervention effort may focus on the ways to facilitate social engagement in later years.
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Kakar, Inayat Singh, Apeksha Mallya, Lana Whittaker, Rachel Tolhurst, and Surekha Garimella. "Intersecting Systems of Power Shaping Health and Wellbeing of Urban Waste Workers in the Context of COVID-19 in Vijayawada and Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India." Social Sciences 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080333.
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Background: Waste work in India is an undervalued role relegated to historically marginalised communities. The informal nature of their work coupled with lack of state regulation keeps waste workers trapped in poverty. This study aims to understand how intersecting systems and relations of power impact the agency of waste workers to shape their health and wellbeing. Methods: We used in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions to collect primary data from waste worker communities in Vijayawada and Guntur in India. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data using conceptual frameworks relating to wellbeing and power. Results: Inter-generational poverty and lack of access to social determinants of health keeps waste workers trapped in a cycle of debt and poverty. They experience negative wellbeing owing to material and relational deprivations that are sustained by a nexus of power relations, explained using the themes of “power over”, “power to”, “power with”, and “power-within”. Conclusions: The ability of communities to exercise agency is constrained by the power exercised on their lives by the state and society. NGOs play a supportive role for the realisation of rights, but the ability of waste workers to organize and effect change is limited to coping strategies.
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Mowat, Joan Gaynor. "Exploring the impact of social inequality and poverty on the mental health and wellbeing and attainment of children and young people in Scotland." Improving Schools 22, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365480219835323.
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The poverty-related attainment gap is an internationally recognised problem. There is growing recognition that it cannot either be understood or addressed without taking cognisance of children’s mental health and wellbeing. The focus of this conceptual article is to examine the impact of social inequality and poverty on the mental health and wellbeing and attainment of children and young people in Scotland through the lens of resilience. While not a ‘state of the art’ literature review, a systematic approach was adopted in the selection of the literature and in the identification of themes to emerge from it. A range of risk and protective factors at the individual, social, societal and political levels emerged as impacting on the mental health and wellbeing and attainment of children living in poverty, and three important mediating variables are the negative impact of social stratification and adverse childhood experiences and the positive impact of a supportive adult. Schools alone cannot solve the problem. The findings revealed that there is a need to build a strong infrastructure around families and schools and to examine how economic, social, health and educational policy interact with each other as a starting point in addressing the problem, supported by inter-disciplinary research.
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Mbira, Leonard, and Mbongiseni Ncube. "Promoting Business Inclusivity for Sustainable Livelihoods among the Zimbabwean Poor." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2105.
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The Zimbabwean economy has nose-dived since the long decade era of hyperinflation resulting in serious economic depression, extreme poverty and unemployment. Regrettably, lack of an entrepreneurial culture has become a huge obstacle to the resuscitation of the economy. Developing inclusive business models incorporating livelihood opportunities for social bottom line has long been suggested as the solution for economically distressed less developed nations facing high levels of unemployment. This study sought to explore factors that disincentivise Zimbabweans from seeking and initiating value creating business opportunities that are low income inclusive and further presents strategies to infuse an entrepreneurial investment culture. It adopts the survey design approach in collection of data. The study identifies lack of skills and knowledge, lack of access to financial markets, unfavorable business environment and regulatory system, perceived high risk and poor infrastructure as the main impediments to the integration of the poor communities in to the value chain.
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Mbira, Leonard, and Mbongiseni Ncube. "Promoting Business Inclusivity for Sustainable Livelihoods among the Zimbabwean Poor." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2105.
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The Zimbabwean economy has nose-dived since the long decade era of hyperinflation resulting in serious economic depression, extreme poverty and unemployment. Regrettably, lack of an entrepreneurial culture has become a huge obstacle to the resuscitation of the economy. Developing inclusive business models incorporating livelihood opportunities for social bottom line has long been suggested as the solution for economically distressed less developed nations facing high levels of unemployment. This study sought to explore factors that disincentivise Zimbabweans from seeking and initiating value creating business opportunities that are low income inclusive and further presents strategies to infuse an entrepreneurial investment culture. It adopts the survey design approach in collection of data. The study identifies lack of skills and knowledge, lack of access to financial markets, unfavorable business environment and regulatory system, perceived high risk and poor infrastructure as the main impediments to the integration of the poor communities in to the value chain.
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Sanchi ID, Alhassan YJ, Sabo YA, and Hamid BJ. "Effect of poverty eradication strategies on improved wellbeing of rural Nigeria: A review." International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research 1 (December 30, 2021): 046–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijfstr.2021.1.2.0050.
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Despite the various poverty eradication/alleviation programmes and strategies adopted by various governments in Nigeria, over 93 million Nigerians still live in poverty, with at least three million sliding into extreme poverty between November 2018 and February 2019 (Olayinka, 2019). This is a clear indication of the ineffectiveness of these policies and programmes, which is attributable to corruption, high level of inequality in income distribution, low literacy rate and poor skill set, political instability, and poor leadership. The major challenge every responsive and responsible government must contend with is to make life better and more meaningful to the citizenry irrespective of whether such government is a democratic one or a military dictator if the regime is to have relevance and continue to enjoy legitimacy in the eyes of the governed. Every successive government since independence has put up one strategy or the other aimed at eradicating the sufferings of the people and put smiles on the faces of the governed. This paper critically examined the various poverty eradication programmes, reforms and strategies, which had been undertaken by successive Nigerian governments and the reasons behind the success/failure of these programmes. The paper articulated and proffered useful strategies that if faithfully implemented would lead the nation out of the present dungeon of poverty and set the nation on the right map of sustainable economic development and not just on economic growth which it has persistently witnessed over the years.
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Pedace, Lucas. "Functionings and child wellbeing: unexplained variations across England, Scotland and Wales." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 17, no. 1 (February 2009): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/sxna9601.
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This article compares the wellbeing of children across England, Scotland and Wales, employing the concept of functionings developed in Sen's capability approach. Children's wellbeing is assessed in 10 different dimensions. The results from this exercise show that, although England presents the highest child poverty rate, the outcomes of English children do not lag behind those of their Welsh and Scottish peers. The reasons for this are not clear. However, this finding suggests that conclusions from those studies using income as the only proxy for children's wellbeing should be interpreted cautiously.
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Esowe, Susannash Limunga, Michael Nkam Cho, and Alain Vilard Ndi Isoh. "The Contribution of Financial Literacy towards Poverty Alleviation in Cameroon." Business Management and Strategy 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v8i2.12301.
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Poverty in most cases is measured taking into consideration the financial wellbeing of the individuals concern. Financial wellbeing on the other hand does not only depend on accumulation of financial resources but as well on the acquisition of knowledge on financial sustainability.This study seeks to analyze the contribution of financial literacy to poverty alleviation in Cameroon, taking into consideration the financial literacy level of workers and the households in general.The study that was conducted in Yaoundé- Cameroon made use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods with the aid of questionnaires and interviews. Through a purposive sampling technique, a sample of some 100 respondents made up of workers was administered questionnaires, and the views of some 20 retired persons were sampled on their knowledge on the available financial instruments, and how these instruments were used to enhance their financial wellbeing and sustainability at retirement age.The data collected was analyzed with the use of SPSS, and the results were presented in the form of descriptive statistics. The findings showed that a significant proportion of workers in Cameroon are not familiar with the available financial instrument, and were greatly engaged in reckless borrowing without knowing the consequences of such actions.; Result from the interview revealed that a great majority of workers only think of retirement provisions when they approach retirement age. Based on this study, the need for sustainability in financial literacy to Cameroon workers with the intention to alleviate poverty remains a top policy recommendation.
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Romeo Asa, Asa, and Johanna Pangeiko Nautwima. "Determinants of Financial Capability: A Situational Analysis for Namibia." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 7, no. 6 (January 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.76.2001.
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It is imperative that if the poor in society benefit from the massive developments in the financial sector, then such a sector must be genuinely inclusive. It should meet the needs of all citizens with the potential to use such financial services productively. This paper scopes financial inclusivity as a process ensuring ease of access, availability, and usage of financial services by all members of society. To reduce socio-economic inequality, the poor in developing countries, like everyone else, need access to a wide range of financial services that are convenient, flexible, and reasonably priced. Therefore, financial inclusivity is sought to be significant towards the global development agenda as a tool for increasing the poor’s access to financial services, often cited as a mechanism that can help reduce poverty and lower income inequality. For many years, microfinance has been heralded as a mechanism for enhancing financial inclusion. It provides an avenue through which the marginalized and the poor can access and benefit from the formal financial system. Moreover, financial inclusivity is substantially evident in the rural areas among the poor, who have no collateral or credit history for participating in the legal financial system. As a result, financial inclusion is receiving increased attention as an essential tool for reducing aspects of socio-economic inequality characterized by the isolation of individuals and communities from formal financial services, like affordable and accessible credit.
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Uprety, Pravat. "Measures, Distribution and Decomposition of Poverty: An Empirical Analysis in Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Statistics 4 (December 18, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njs.v4i0.33447.
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Background: Poverty has been in existence for many years and continues to exist in a large number of countries. Poverty is “pronounced in wellbeing” where wellbeing (and poverty) in broader term, focuses on the capability of the individual to function in society and poor people often lack key capabilities, they may have not adequate income, education, or be in poor health or feel powerless or lack of political freedoms. In Nepal, despite the decreasing trend in poverty incidence, still the current prevalence is very high with the comparison of other countries.
Objective: To identify, compare and decomposition of different poverty measures by rural urban area and ecological belt in Nepal.
Materials and Methods: Data set of Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS) conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics in 2011 consisting of various variables related to food, non-food consumption, income, demographic, socioeconomics, etc., have been used for analysis. In order to measure the poverty, different measures such as head count ratio, poverty gap, poverty severity, Watts index and Sen-Shorrocks-Thon index were used. The comparisons of different poverty measures across different variables were attempted including use of appropriate poverty curves. The decomposition of poverty indices by consumption components using the Shapley value along with Lump-Sum Targeting approach has been applied.
Results: Average per capita consumption is 34186.5, the head count index, poverty gap and poverty severity of Nepal are 0.2518, 0.0545 and 0.0182, respectively. The poverty measures of rural area are higher than the urban area, and the incidence of poverty is highest in mountain ecological belt. Food and non-food component allows to 46.39% & 28.42% of the total population to be non-poor of headcount index, 60.19% & 34.34% for poverty gap index and 59.96% & 38.20% for poverty severity, respectively.
Conclusion: For both within and overall population, rural area has the higher impact than urban area and each measure of poverty in mountain is significantly higher than hill and terai. To reduce within group headcount index and poverty gap, policymakers should give more focus to rural area and mountain region.
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Lennox, Chloe, Jay-Krishan Pandya, Ross Lyttle, Sohum Pandya, Chris Penlington, and Charlotte Bowes. "Mental health and inclusivity support and education in a UK dental school: a cross-sectional survey." British Dental Journal 233, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 1029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-022-5311-6.
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AbstractAims To establish the current support and knowledge around mental health and equality, diversity and inclusion at a UK Dental School and make suggestions about improvements.Objectives Conduct a survey of dental undergraduate students at Newcastle Dental School to elicit responsesMethods Bachelor of Dental Surgery and Bachelor of Oral and Dental Health Science students at Newcastle University were invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey via email. Following electronic consent, an electronic questionnaire via an online form builder was distributed via email. Participants were asked questions on experiences and feelings towards wellbeing support, mental health and equality, diversity and inclusion topics, including improvements that could be made.Results In total, 89 students participated. The majority of participants were white, women and heterosexual. Wellbeing support was present and generally accessible. Students were aware of mental health conditions but unsure how to manage them in a clinical setting. Students were generally unaware of barriers to care faced by LGBT+ and racialised minority patients. Students were mainly uncomfortable disclosing personal issues with their personal tutor. Students responded positively to some suggested improvements in support and education surrounding mental health and inclusivity.Conclusion Our study highlighted the areas where Newcastle Dental School continues to provide high levels of support for students but also areas that may require attention through further study and focus groups, with an aim to increase diversity of respondents so that further exploration regarding the intersectionality of identity can be undertaken.
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Slobodenyuk, Ekaterina. "Wellbeing of Russian Professionals: Dynamics and Specificity." Journal of Institutional Studies 13, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 040–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.4.040-058.
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The paper is devoted to the issue of Russian professionals' life changes in the 2010s and the role of human capital in these processes. Life changes are analyzed by identifying mobility cases within three social stratifications by income, presence of signs of privilege or deprivation, and subjectively perceived position in society. For these purposes, we use panel data of RLMS HSE research for 2014-2018 yy. Trajectories of mobility are revealed by using of «Group based trajectory modeling» method. The results show that life stability dominates over mobility. Professionals still have risks of chronic poverty and chronic deprivation, although these risks are rare for them. They also have chances of objectively measuring sustainable well-being by income and privilege criteria. However, even those who have stayed rich and privileged over the years do not feel that they occupy the highest positions in social structure. It is shown that human capital plays a high role in life chances on sustainable privilege and a high-income level. An obstacle on the path to wealth is the dependency burden. The highest risks of poverty characterize young and middle-aged professionals, while professionals who reach retirement age have the highest chances to be rich. Thus, it is a good strategy to continue labor activity in retirement age. It was revealed that parental education significantly increases chances to achieve privilege position in Russian society. These odds are heavily influenced by composite rents. It is also shown that one of the major factors that create unequal chances of gaining high position in society (both in terms of income and privilege) is settlement inequalities. Despite a quite prosperous life dynamics measured by objective indicators, every third professional feels chronically poor or felt a sharp impoverishment during these years. These subjective assessments are weakly correlated with the quality of human capital and observed in all age categories. We associate this phenomenon with two factors: 1) "negative stabilization" in the 2010s and 2) with the fact that chances for objective well-being are confined mainly to the structural factor of settlement inequality. The position of professionals is often contradictory. The groups of privileged and wealthy professionals have little overlap in composition. In modern Russia, wealth does not imply a privileged position in society and vice versa. The same is true for poverty and deprivation. Absolute well-being, i.e., stable occupation of the highest positions in all three structural positions, is practically unavailable to Russian professionals.
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J. E., Oboh,, Ada-Okungbowa, C. I.,, and Emokaro C. O.,. "Asset based wellbeing of poverty of artisanal fish farmers in delta state, nigeria." Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v21i1.9.
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This research carried out in Delta State, Nigeria, focuses on the empirical application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), an asset based measure of wellbeing which can be used to assess level of poverty among households in rural areas of developing countries. The study employed questionnaire-based household survey data collection methods. The final wealth index was derived using data collected from 430 artisanal fishing households in riverine Delta State communities. Data on 16 variables measuring multiple aspects of household wealth status were used to extract the set of principal components utilized in the construction of the index. Two key statistical tests, the KMO and Bartlett’s tests, showed the appropriateness of the data for PCA. Results revealed that five major factors influence the wealth status and hence the wellbeing of households: home infrastructure, energy sources, durable home assets, water sources and mobility. Therefore, it is suggested that any efforts to improve the wellbeing of farm households in the study area as well as in other regions with similar socio- economic settings should consider these factors as entry point to poverty alleviation.
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Norris, Pauline, Brendon McIntosh, June Tordoff, Leanne Te Karu, and Shih Yen Chang. "Viewpoint: Poverty, medicines and health care: It's the little things?" Journal of Primary Health Care 7, no. 2 (2015): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15170.
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Small patient charges and policies and events that may seem minor to health care professionals can have a big impact on the wellbeing of people living in poverty. Despite good intentions, policies can have unintended consequences for those who are struggling to access health care.
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Gyanwali, Gokarna Prasad. "Provincial Poverty in Nepal." Patan Pragya 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35107.
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Poverty is not only the severe economic condition of people but it is also the cultural, ethical, social, political, psychological and economic imperative of mankind. It is one of the distressing circumstances of people in developing countries have to contend with in their daily lives. It is common among the low and middle income class in these countries like Nepal. This research is based on the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) such as those related to education, health, material wellbeing, energy, water and sanitation, structure of house, and access to other services, varies considerably in seven provinces of Nepal. It illustrates the importance of location-specific data in the development of effective poverty reduction strategies of federal and provincial governments. The MPI shows that, the 28.6%of the people of Nepal are still multi-dimensionally poor meaning that their lives are battered by several deprivations simultaneously. This paper also discusses about the trends and measurement of poverty in Nepal as well as the provincial socio-economic conditions and distribution of poverty.
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Dawn, Patricia Elena Rivas, Heriberto Emilio Cuanalo de la Cerda, and Julia Elena Fraga Berdugo. "Effect of Education on Wellbeing Among High School Students in a Poor Rural Zone of Yucatan, Mexico." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics 16 (March 5, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91014.2022.16.5.
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Education provides the opportunity to overcome poverty and attain greater wellbeing. An evaluation was done of the impact of education - understood as formation of knowledge, values and attitudes – on wellbeing in high school students in a poor rural zone of Yucatan, Mexico. A total of 223 (94 women, 129 men) students from 14 to 19 years of age answered an instrument covering two wellbeing dimensions: eating habits and self-concept. Statistical analyses of their answers showed education to have an effect only in some aspects of eating habits. Differences by sex were present in both eating habits and selfconcept, and age affected only self-concept. The education offered these students had only a minimal effect on improving their wellbeing, undermining one of the overarching purposes of education.
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Tymoszuk, Urszula, Neta Spiro, Rosie Perkins, Adele Mason-Bertrand, Kate Gee, and Aaron Williamon. "Arts engagement trends in the United Kingdom and their mental and social wellbeing implications: HEartS Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): e0246078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246078.
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Evidence on the role of the arts in promoting health and wellbeing has grown over the last two decades. In the United Kingdom, studies using secondary data sources have documented temporal variations in levels of arts engagement in the population, its determinants and its mental wellbeing implications. However, arts engagement is often characterized by prioritizing “high-brow” art forms. In this article, we introduce the HEartS Survey, a tool that aims to increase the balance between inclusivity and brevity of existing arts engagement measures and to focus specifically on the connection between arts engagement and social wellbeing. We explore trends in participatory and receptive engagement with literary, visual, performing, crafts and decorative arts among 5,338 adults in the UK in 2018–2019 using summative engagement scores and cluster analysis. Regression models, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, health, and social covariates, examine correlations between arts engagement and psychological and social wellbeing measures. Over 97% of respondents reported engagement in one or more arts activities at least once during 2018–2019, with reading and listening to music being the most popular activities. Arts engagement grouped into three distinct clusters: 19.8% constituted “low engagers” whose main source of engagement was occasional reading; 44.4% constituted “receptive consumers” who read and listened to music frequently and engaged with popular receptive arts activities such as cinema, live music, theater, exhibitions, and museums; and 35.8% constituted “omnivores” who frequently engaged in almost all arts activities. In agreement with existing studies, more arts engagement was associated with higher levels of wellbeing, social connectedness, and lower odds of intense social loneliness. In contrast, we found a positive association between more arts engagement, depression, and intense emotional loneliness for the most highly engaged omnivores. We conclude that arts engagement in the population forms specific profiles with distinct characteristics and consider implications for mental and social wellbeing.
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Khomaini, Ali Akbar. "Dampak Program Bantuan Tunai (Cash Transfer) terhadap Kesejahteraan Subyektif di Indonesia." Indonesian Treasury Review Jurnal Perbendaharaan Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v5i1.161.
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Cash transfer programs have become the main poverty-alleviating policy in several developing countries. This study analyzes the perceived impact of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) as an Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) program in Indonesia by examining beneficiary households’ subjective wellbeing. Two rounds of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel data from 2007 (IFLS-4) and 2015 (IFLS-5) are used, from which this study take the subjective wellbeing indicators. Three main categories of subjective wellbeing components are developed using Principle Component Analysis (PCA): family satisfaction, future perception, and children. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and fixed effect methods are used to determine the impact of UCT program on subjective wellbeing. The Indonesian UCT program is negatively correlated or has no impact on improving recipients’ subjective wellbeing compared to that of non-recipients. Out of the three subjective wellbeing components, family satisfaction appears to have received significant and positive impact from the UCT program. UCT may also help beneficiaries maintain stable consumption level during short-term economic shocks, but future perception and children’s wellbeing perception are not found to be affected.
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Wang, May, Katherine Heck, Marilyn Winkleby, and Catherine Cubbin. "Social disparities in dietary habits among women: Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 9 (November 17, 2015): 1666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015003225.
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AbstractObjectiveRelationships among race/ethnicity, individual socio-economic status (SES), neighbourhood SES and acculturation are complex. We sought to answer whether: (i) race/ethnicity, individual SES and neighbourhood SES have independent effects on women’s fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC); (ii) SES modifies the effects of race/ethnicity on FVC; and (iii) nativity modifies the effect of Latina ethnicity on FVC.DesignCross-sectional surveys from the population-based Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study were linked with census-tract level data. FVC was indicated by (i) consuming fruits and vegetables less often than daily (LOWFV) and (ii) not having fruits and vegetables in the home very often. Other variables included age, marital status, race/ethnicity, country of birth, educational attainment, family income and longitudinal neighbourhood poverty (based on latent class growth models). Weighted logistic regression models accounting for the complex sample design were constructed.SettingCalifornia, USA, 2012–2013.SubjectsWomen (n 2669).ResultsIn adjusted models, race/ethnicity, education and income were independently associated with FVC, but not neighbourhood poverty. Women of colour, high-school graduates and women with incomes at 301–400 % of the federal poverty level were at higher odds of LOWFV compared with non-Hispanic Whites, college graduates and those with incomes >400 % of the federal poverty level. Little evidence for interactions between race/ethnicity and individual or neighbourhood SES was found; similar patterns were observed for immigrant and US-born Latinas.ConclusionsAddressing the dietary needs of lower-SES communities requires multilevel interventions that simultaneously provide culturally tailored nutrition education and address the physical and economic accessibility of culturally acceptable fruits and vegetables.
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Jeliazkova, Maria. "Poverty in Bulgaria: Dimensions, policies and analyses." Socioloski pregled 55, no. 1 (2021): 130–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg55-30307.
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The article discusses poverty in Bulgaria through the prism of the correspondence between the unfavorable wellbeing rates, the implemented policy's measures and the state of analyses in the field. By presenting existing national and EU comparative statistics, analyzing policy documents and outlining limits and prevailing bias in the scientific research on the subject, it argues that the three aspects are functionally consistent and that overcoming the high levels of poverty in the country needs reconsidered and mobilizing actions aimed at: a) better consistency among policies in different fields (economic, social, tax, insurance, labor market, environmental, etc.); and b) knowledge-based development focused on adequate addressing of structural generators of poverty.
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Joseph, Jay, and Harry Van Buren III. "A Theory of Entrepreneurship and Peacebuilding." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 31 (2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc2020316.
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Conflict Zone Entrepreneurs (CZEs) include local businesses operating in conflict settings, which represent the dominant form of employment in poverty-conflict scenarios, often hosting the most vulnerable in society who live on the poverty line. Despite their importance in the peacebuilding equation, little is known about their role in the peacebuilding process, with a variety of ad hoc contributions from assorted fields often assuming peacebuilding links with entrepreneurship, with little empiricism to support these claims. Consolidating prior works, the paper appropriately positions entrepreneurship as a community-level peacebuilding mechanism, presenting a framework that identifies the major entrepreneurial typologies that are present in conflict zones. Entrepreneurs are characterized as being either peacebuilders, destructive entrepreneurs, or ingroup and intergroup contributors. By presenting the paradoxical impact of CZEs, the paper identifies inclusivity and responsible practices as the central factors that determine whether an entrepreneur will be peacebuilding, or destructive.
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Aninze, Festus, Hatem El-Gohary, and Javed Hussain. "The Role of Microfinance to Empower Women." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2018010104.
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This article reviews, discusses and provides a critical analysis relating to the role of microfinance on issues linking to poverty, gender equality, and women empowerment with particular emphasis on developing economies. In addition, this article provides an overview of the opportunities and criticisms of microfinance which examines the contemporary issues on poverty reduction, entrepreneurial development and the family wellbeing. The article adds to the limited research examining the role of microfinance to empower women in developing countries.
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Ann, Amaebube, and Alozie Nkemdilim. "FOOD INSECURITY: A WARNING SIGN OF POVERTY." International Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences, Environmental Studies & Technology 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijarssest.v5.i2.01.
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This study examined the relationship between food insecurity and poverty in Nigeria.Poverty and food insecurity is social determinants of economic wellbeing. The pandemic COVID 19 which had extremely affected the world economy has also increased the rate of food insecurity as well as poverty in various households by 16%. The present economic conditions have produced a pattern of widespread starvation among the poor with more people dying from poverty-related causes. The rapid increases in food insecurity are as a result of the pandemic, lack of agricultural storage facilities for food, and actions of wholesalers and transporter in the market. The studies enumerate the responsibilities of both governmental and non-governmental organizations on aiding the increasing food scarcity and alleviate poverty among the masses.
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Davidson, Graham R., and Stuart C. Carr. "Forced Migration, Social Exclusion and Poverty: Introduction." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.1.
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AbstractThis special issue of the journal, which is part of a global research initiative on psychology and poverty reduction, focuses specifically on the experiences of refugees and asylum seekers. Application of contemporary constructions of relative poverty and social exclusion to understanding asylum and humanitarian refuge emphasises the relative financial and social disadvantages experienced by many of these forced migrants, which may lead subsequently to them having negative experiences of resettlement and poor mental health and overall wellbeing. We argue that governments need to be cognisant of the poverty pitfalls of forced migration and to examine carefully their policies on social inclusion to ensure that current and future humanitarian and climate change refugees arriving on their shores are not forced into relative poverty.
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Arif, G. M., and Shujaat Farooq. "Rural Poverty Dynamics in Pakistan: Evidence from Three Waves of the Panel Survey." Pakistan Development Review 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v53i2pp.71-98.
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Poverty analysis in developing countries including Pakistan has in general focused on poverty trends based on cross-sectional datasets, with very little attention being paid to dynamics—of transitory or chronic poverty. Transitory poor are those who move out or fall into poverty between two or more points of time whereas the chronic poor remain in the poverty trap for a significant period of their lives. The static measures of households’ standard of living do not necessarily provide a good insight into their likely stability over time. For instance, a high mobility into or out of poverty may suggest that a higher proportion of a population experiences poverty over time than what the cross-sectional data might show. 1 It also implies that a much smaller proportion of the population experiences chronic poverty contrary to the results of cross-sectional datasets in a particular year [Hossain and Bayes (2010)]. Thus, the analysis of poverty dynamics is important to uncover the true nature of wellbeing of population. Both the micro and macro level socio-demographic and economic factors are likely to affect poverty movements and intergenerational poverty transmission [Krishna (2011)].
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Sial, Maqbool H., Asma Noreen, and Rehmat Ullah Awan. "Measuring Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2015): 685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.685-698.
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The key development objective of Pakistan, since its existence, has been to reduce poverty, inequality and to improve the condition of its people. While this goal seems very important in itself yet is also necessary for the eradication of other social, political and economic problems. The objective to eradicate poverty has remained same but methodology to analysing this has changed. It can be said that failure of most of the poverty strategies is due to lack of clear choice of poverty definition. A sound development policy including poverty alleviation hinges upon accurate and well-defined measurements of multidimensional socio-economic characteristics which reflect the ground realities confronting the poor and down trodden rather than using some abstract/income based criteria for poverty measurement. Conventionally welfare has generally been measured using income or expenditures criteria. Similarly, in Pakistan poverty has been measured mostly in uni-dimension, income or expenditures variables. However, recent literature on poverty has pointed out some drawbacks in measuring uni-dimensional poverty in terms of money. It is argued that uni-dimensional poverty measures are insufficient to understand the wellbeing of individuals. Poverty is a multidimensional concept rather than a unidimensional. Uni-dimensional poverty is unable to capture a true picture of poverty because poverty is more than income deprivation
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Saeed, Noman, and Ambreen Fatima. "Educational Inequality in Rural and Urban Sindh." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2015): 767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.767-777.
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The key development objective of Pakistan, since its existence, has been to reduce poverty, inequality and to improve the condition of its people. While this goal seems very important in itself yet is also necessary for the eradication of other social, political and economic problems. The objective to eradicate poverty has remained same but methodology to analysing this has changed. It can be said that failure of most of the poverty strategies is due to lack of clear choice of poverty definition. A sound development policy including poverty alleviation hinges upon accurate and well-defined measurements of multidimensional socio-economic characteristics which reflect the ground realities confronting the poor and down trodden rather than using some abstract/income based criteria for poverty measurement. Conventionally welfare has generally been measured using income or expenditures criteria. Similarly, in Pakistan poverty has been measured mostly in uni-dimension, income or expenditures variables. However, recent literature on poverty has pointed out some drawbacks in measuring uni-dimensional poverty in terms of money. It is argued that uni-dimensional poverty measures are insufficient to understand the wellbeing of individuals. Poverty is a multidimensional concept rather than a unidimensional. Uni-dimensional poverty is unable to capture a true picture of poverty because poverty is more than income deprivation
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Li, Yunwei, Xiao Ning, Zijie Wang, Jingyu Cheng, Fumeng Li, and Yu Hao. "Would energy poverty affect the wellbeing of senior citizens? Evidence from China." Ecological Economics 200 (October 2022): 107515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107515.
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