Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poverty – Guatemala'
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1
Van, Meter Lucas Paine. "Growth in Guatemala a mixed blessing for the poor /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3648.
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King, Thomas J. "Proclaiming "peace and good" a communidad eclesial de base program for Dios Con Nosotros Parish /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Grech, Shaun. "Disability in the folds of poverty : exploring connections and transitions in Guatemala." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540546.
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Sperling, Julie. "The Influence of Poverty and Violence on the Therapeutic Landscapes of the Kaqchikel." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/982.
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Therapeutic landscapes are places that contribute positively to a healing experience or to the maintenance of an individual's health and wellbeing. The literature on therapeutic landscapes has been growing steadily since the early 1990s, but researchers have yet to sufficiently explore both non-Western and gendered perspectives. The research presented in this thesis addresses these two gaps by examining how Kaqchikel men and women in the municipality of San Lucas Tolimán, Guatemala, differ in their construction and use of the therapeutic landscapes that surround them in their daily lives. This research is broadly informed by feminist thought and methodologies, and the specific strategy of reflexivity was employed throughout the research process. In terms of gathering data, the two specific methods used were photovoice and structured interviews. Photovoice, it is argued, is an ideal method for studying therapeutic landscapes (particularly in a cross-cultural setting) because it gives participants the opportunity to reflect on their therapeutic landscapes before explaining them. The photographs also act as a visual cue that enhances interviews and can also bridge different experiences of reality. In total, 28 key informants were recruited through snowball sampling, with an equal number of male and female participants. Issues of foreign language research and translation are also addressed and some strategies for dealing with working in a foreign language are suggested.
Four main themes emerged from the data, and these themes revealed that Kaqchikel therapeutic landscapes are heavily driven by the poverty and violence experienced by the majority of participants. These four themes were: daily survival, community development, 'escape', and negative landscapes. Through these themes it was shown that the therapeutic landscapes of the Kaqchikel differ greatly between men and women due to traditional gender roles and relationships as well as the disproportional effect of violence on women, which restricts their mobility and ability to access their therapeutic landscapes. Finally, these themes reveal that Kaqchikel therapeutic landscapes span multiple generations and are multilayered, highly dynamic, and contingent on the social, political, and economic climates of the day.
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Chester, Winston C. "Examining the Impacts of Microfinance Programs in Guatemala: A Case Study of Loan Borrowers in San Antonio Aguas Calientes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1404117953.
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Gennrich, Nicolas. "The impact of microenterprises on poverty reduction in rural areas the case of El Quiché, Guatemala /." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2002. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969579489.
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Morris, Kaitlin. "The Poverty-Reinforcing Violence Trap in Guatemala: The Cost of the Drug Trade and Prohibitionist Drug Policies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/647.
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Guatemala, the most populous country in Central America, is haunted by the legacy of violence, political instability, poverty, corruption, and persisting, relentless inequality. Narco-trafficking routes through Central America became firmly established after air- and sea-based routes were disrupted by U.S. and Mexican drug enforcement efforts in the 1990s. Guatemala and its Central American neighbors were highly vulnerable to incursion by the drug trade, ideally-located between production sources and major consumers, its people and governments weakened by long-standing armed conflict. Evidence shows the drug trade disproportionately impacts Guatemala in comparison to the rest of the region. Its neighbors share similarly well-located geography and the legacy of armed conflicts, but Guatemala lacks the institutional strength and ability to combat the cartels. This paper posits that U.S. prohibitionist policies are ineffective and harmful to Guatemala’s people, based on a supply-reduction model and a review of previous literature and anecdotal evidence. Narco-trafficking and the United States’ drug enforcement efforts, strategies and policies, intensify existing violence, poverty, inequality and corruption within Guatemala, ensnaring its people in a recurring cycle of violence which reinforces barriers to escaping poverty and crime.
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Gerlicz, Andrew. "Diversification Strategies and Contributions of Coffee Income to Poverty Alleviation Among Smallholders in Northern Huehuetenango and Quiche Departments, Guatemala." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/605.
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In the past two decades, Mesoamerican smallholder coffee farmers have had to confront several stressors and shocks, such as price crises and natural disasters, with debilitating impacts on the viability of their livelihoods. More recently, many farmers have suffered crop losses in the wake of the spread of coffee leaf rust disease, and researchers are predicting that some areas will become less suitable for coffee growing in the near future as a result of climate change. In response to these conditions and in the context of the withdrawal of the state from provision of agricultural services, development practitioners have mainly pursued a strategy of helping farmers gain access to specialty markets, including those purchasing coffee from farmers with organic and Fair Trade certifications. They have also promoted farmer organization into marketing cooperatives, which have in turn provided various services to their members, including credit and technical assistance. However, there are doubts as to whether these schemes are sufficient in increasing and stabilizing smallholder incomes, and some have predicted declining returns from these strategies in the future.
For these reasons, many have called for the promotion of livelihood diversification as an additional component of rural development programs. This thesis studies both the shortfalls in coffee incomes compared to poverty lines and the current uses and perceptions of different diversification activities. In the first study, the shortfalls are calculated through construction of individual and average enterprise budgets based on grower records and interviews with four organic and organized growers and three conventional growers. It concludes that while some growers have coffee incomes approaching that poverty line, they are all currently below the line. There is wide variation within both groups.
The second study uses content analysis of transcripts from 15 interviews with members of a regional coffee cooperative, Asociación Barillense de Agricultores (ASOBAGRI), based on four different interview guides. It concludes that coffee remains the primary livelihood strategy of the respondents, whereas most other activities offer relatively small contributions to incomes, with the exception of honey and a small sewing shop, and some reflect coping rather than risk management. The study also identified other themes mediating diversification, including income-smoothing, optimization, familiarity, social networks, and influences from external actors.
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Gennrich, Nicolas [Verfasser]. "The impact of microenterprises on poverty reduction in rural areas : the case of El Quiché, Guatemala / Nicolas Gennrich." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2002. http://d-nb.info/969579489/34.
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Ring, Madeleine. "Microfinance - for better or worse? : A study on how microfinance impacts the livelihood of families with disabled children around Lake Atitlán, Guatemala." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46454.
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Most of the disabled people in the world live in poverty. In order to escape poverty, microfinance is said to be a solution. The Microfinance Institutions do not, however, incorporate everybody who is poor in their programs, which could be assumed. Disabled people and their families are a group which many times are not included in these programs. Since they many times already faces discrimination and also are excluded from the rest of the society they do not have a solution on how to escape from poverty. In Guatemala where the disabled people most surely also are indigenous gives them double stigmas. The purpose of this research is to identify what impacts microfinance has on the livelihoods of the families with disabled children around Lake Atitlán, Guatemala and subsequent to this what adaptations the MFIs should take when working with families within this target group. In order to collect the data a field study around Lake Atitlán, Guatemala with semi-structured interviews was done. The respondents were mothers of disabled children and employees of two NGOs. To analyze the results, DFIDs Sustainable Livelihood Framework was used. Since the frameworks give a broader spectrum than just one category of life it is easier to see what impacts the microfinance have on the livelihood and what the respondents are lacking in the microcredit program. The research demonstrates that microfinance has positive impacts on some aspects of the livelihoods of families of disabled children even if not to many MFIs within the country focus on them. Another conclusion of the study is that MFIs do not need to make big adaptions in order to work with this specific target group, they need however, inform about disabilities in order to end discrimination.
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Ferling, Robin. "Yearning of Yalambojoch : A field study about rural poverty in northwestern Guatemala and the importance of local influence over development." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38562.
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In 1996, Guatemala achieved peace after 36 years of civil war which took root in the political and social oppression of the country’s vast indigenous population. To counter the country’s widespread poverty, inequality and ongoing political and social frustrations the Guatemalan government adopted a liberal peace building agenda by ‘globalizing’ its economy and by decentralizing the political and economic process. Through this process, Guatemala has achieved a democracy which is accepted by western standards as well as the classification of a middle income country. However, the vast, and predominately rural, indigenous population has been left behind in this progress; it is estimated that 7 out 10 indigenous Guatemalans today are facing more or less severe livelihood conditions below the poverty line, why Guatemala remains one of the most unequal countries in the world. The government now hopes to overcome the shortcomings in the rural sector by stimulating local agricultural projects and ideas which are anchored in the many and various territorially strengths and challenges throughout Guatemala’s countryside; the intention is, in other words, to encourage a stronger local control over the development process.This study explores the conditions for, and the relevance of, local ownership of development in terms of livelihood improvements in Yalambojoch, one indigenous agriculture community in one of the poorest and most war torn regions in Guatemala. An abductive field work with a holistic livelihood-approach has been necessary in order to localize more or less obvious factors that are trapping the village in poverty, and to understand to what degree poverty is determined by the village’s level of autonomy, or ownership, over its development process. The results shows that the village's low livelihood level is determined by agricultural insufficiency, poor access to crucial services and political and socio economic isolation. The village's empowerment is restricted to protection of territory, which reproduces a context in which a more participant autonomy in a wider societal setting is thwarted, where external development projects are often reluctantly rejected due to local mistrust, frustration and discontentment with governmental as well as private agencies and where the livelihood situation consequently remains essentially static.
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Spreckley, M. J. "The impact of hearing impairment and the provision of hearing aids on poverty, mental health, quality of life and activity participation in Guatemala." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4650303/.
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The World Health Organisation estimates that 466 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss and 80% of those affected are living in low and middle income countries. Data on the impact of hearing loss or hearing aid provision in low and middle income countries is lacking. The purpose of this research project was to address the evidence gap and assess the multi-dimensional impact of hearing impairment and the provision of hearing aids on poverty, mental health, quality of life and activity participation of adults living in Guatemala. In this non-randomised controlled study 180 adult cases with an audio-metrically assessed, bilateral, disabling hearing impairment of moderate to profound severity were compared with 143 age and sex matched control participants with confirmed 'normal' hearing or mild, non-disabling hearing loss. All cases and controls were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Case participants were then assessed and fitted with hearing aids. After a mean period of 7.5 months, cases and controls were re-interviewed to assess the impact of this intervention. Twenty-two in-depth interviews complemented the quantitative research. At baseline, individual earnings were 43% significantly lower among the cases than the control group. Total monthly household expenditure and per capita expenditure were significantly higher (p value = 0.001) in controls ($611, $203) as compared with cases. There was a positive association between hearing loss and the experience of depressive symptoms, but not depression. Cases were identified as having a poorer quality of life across a range of domains. At follow-up, the majority (71%) of cases reported that they used their hearing aids on a daily basis. There was no significant change in employment status for both case and control groups. Household income increased among the cases between baseline and follow-up, but not among the controls. There was no significant change to case participant's per capita expenditure at household or 4 individual level. In contrast, for the control group there was a significant decline in the level of both household and individual per capita expenditure. There was a reduction in depression and its related symptoms and severity as well as a significant improvement in the quality of life of cases across all domains, except for social relationships. A high level of satisfaction with hearing aid use was reported globally and across a range of constituent satisfaction with amplification in daily life scores. These quantitative findings were broadly supported by the qualitative data. The research has demonstrated the positive impact that hearing aids, as part of a comprehensive fitting and aural aftercare programme may have on significantly improving quality of life and reducing symptoms of depression for people living in Guatemala. Some of the key barriers and challenges to intervention include lack of ear and hearing health awareness, stigma, financial cost and audiology clinic accessibility. The outcomes of this research have implications for ministerial advocacy, aural rehabilitation programme development and community outreach expansion.
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Lynch, Tristam W. "The Evolution of Modern Central American Street Gangs and The Political Violence They Present: Case Studies of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002642.
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Stoops, Stefanie T. O. "Model for a social business in Guatemala:Worms and trash for the future(Las lombrices y la basura para el futuro)." Ashland University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=auhonors1399665009.
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Rosada, Villamar Tomas Ricardo. "The structure and dynamics of inequality in Guatemala." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/2976.
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This thesis is an investigation of the evolution of economic inequality in Guatemala. High inequality and poverty levels in the country are two widespread social problems, almost defining characteristics of Guatemalan society. Although some research has been done in an attempt to understand poverty, far less has been done with respect to inequality. Aggregated measures of both phenomena do not reveal much change, although it may well be the case that different and countervailing forces are acting behind summary indices, providing a misleading interpretation of stagnation over time.
Using data from two living standards measurement surveys (LSMS) in 2000 and 2006, this investigation applies a household income generation model and a series of microeconomic decomposition techniques in order to explain some of the factors driving economic inequality. Those factors are grouped into three types of effects: price, occupational choice and endowment.
The results show that three structural conditions segment the population: geographical location, gender and ethnic origin. However, they also indicate that over the course of six years, those characteristics have reduced their negative influence on the standard of living of the population. In other words, over time they show a mild equalizing effect, probably the result of changes in market conditions, state actions or a combination of both.
Regarding the three types of effects identified above, the results show how market returns to individual attributes (price effects), such as years of education, can act as an equalizing force, particularly for women in the 4th and 5th quintiles of the distribution. Occupational choice effects reflect changes in the structure of the labour force, moving from the inactive to the self-employed, thus generating higher household income. Endowment effects, simulated as changes in household size and stock of education of income earners, are consistent with mild changes in fertility rates and higher public investment in education.
Finally, the results leave ample room for social policy. However, for that to occur it will be necessary to increase the capacity of the State to intervene in specific areas, thus requiring higher government revenues while also addressing other institutional challenges such as better targeting of social programs, improving the quality of primary health and education, and investing in secondary schools and hospitals. A third round of LSMS survey would help corroborate whether observed reductions in expenditure and income inequality are truly a trend or just a temporary phenomena or simply a statistical artefact.
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Milian, Bayron. "Poverty, deforestation and land tenure institutions: The case of the communities living in Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve." 2008. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3325272.
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The Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) is the largest and most important conservation area in Guatemala, covering over 21,000 km2. Because the Biosphere Reserve is home to over 58,000 people, environmental stabilization is deeply dependent on residents' use of the land. Initial governmental efforts to reduce migration and deforestation threats included designing land tenure regimes such as private lands, forest concessions and communal concessions in different zones of the Biosphere. Despite these measures, high rates of deforestation continue and are concentrated in Laguna del Tigre and Sierra de Lacandón National Parks. Previous research has shown a connection between land tenure and deforestation, but has not connected these to community well-being indicators. In this project seventy four communities located mainly around both National Parks were categorized into three land tenure regimes: communal, state protected and private. Using ANOVA and regression analysis, the regimes were compared to population, community well-being indicators (education, services, and economy), and analyzed for association with cumulative deforestation from 1986 to 2006. The analysis occurs in two scales or levels–at the level of the community (N = 74) and also at the level of privately owned lands, commonly called "parcels" in Petén (N = 1,510). Results indicate that the three regimes differ in cumulative deforestation and well being indicators, and these differences are statistically significant. Two explanatory regression models at community and parcel level were elaborated. In the first model dealing with community, the variables showing positive associations with cumulative deforestation are population size, cattle ranching, agriculture and alternative economy. The variables showing negative associations are schooling and communal and private regimes. Among the land tenure regimes, communal regime shows the best performance in the period under study, having the highest community well being index and lowest cumulative deforestation when compared to private and protected area regimes. In the second model dealing with households holding private parcels, the variables showing positive associations with cumulative deforestation are family size and total area of the parcel, and the variable showing a negative association is duration of occupation of the farm. Private parcel ownership was evaluated for associations between cumulative deforestation and ethnicity, and no statistically significant differences were found between ladino and Maya farms.