Relevant bibliographies by topics / Poverty Bangladesh Case studies

Academic literature on the topic 'Poverty Bangladesh Case studies'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Poverty Bangladesh Case studies"

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Hassan, S. M. Monirul, and Md Maidul Islam. "The Socio-Economic Impact of Microfinance on the Poor Family: A Study from Bangladesh." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 1 (July 6, 2018): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618785399.

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Microfinance is considered to be the panacea for eradicating poverty from third-world society and this claim by non-government organizations (NGOs) is not unfounded. Evidence from Bangladesh reveals a partial success with respect to this viewpoint. Bangladesh is a poverty-ridden country; however, poor people in rural Bangladesh have shown significant material gains with regard to their lifestyles and it is no longer the case that they only have the bare minimum of food. Despite this significant improvement, it is still confusing as to whether these people have managed to cross the poverty line or not. Data show that poor people never stop borrowing money from the NGOs. The cycle of taking and retaking has made them dependent rather than independent agents in their society. With this viewpoint under consideration, this article seeks to explain the chronological sequence of events involved in taking credit. The ontological position of this study is interpretative in nature and such a position has allowed us to employ both observation and case studies as methodological tools for analysing our area of interest. Finally, this article argues that in order to understand the role of microfinance in Bangladeshi society, rethinking is required.
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Moral, Md Jahan Boksh, Farid Ahammad Sobhani, and Ruslan Rainis. "Delphi Technique in Urban Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Rajshahi City." IIUC Studies 6 (October 19, 2012): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v6i0.12250.

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This study aims at investigating scholastic thoughts regarding poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Two round Delphi techniques were applied to obtain experts’ opinion in support of probable resolution of poverty. University academics, government officials, non-government executives, and social & political personalities have been considered as scholars. The study reveals that limitation of job is the fundamental cause of poverty. Consequently, the poor are bound to live in vulnerable unhygienic places where inadequate services are prevailing. It is also opined by the experts that home-based work and special training will help the poor to get job that will lead to reduce poverty to a great extent. A lack of integration is evident among different opinions of the scholars. As a result, the poverty reduction efforts show insignificant achievement in view of its goal. A number of suggestions have been recommended to alleviate poverty in the urban area like Rajshahi city in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v6i0.12250 IIUC Studies Vol.6 2010: 77-96
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Chowdhury, Mohammad Shahjahan, Faisal Ahmmed, and Md Ismail Hossain. "Neoliberal Governmentality, Public Microfinance and Poverty in Bangladesh: Who are the Actual Beneficiaries?" International Journal of Rural Management 15, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005218817657.

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Most of the earlier studies examined the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction. Few studies emphasized on the broader policy framework and implementation process—the actors and factors associated with the process, which are critical to make an impact. This study is an attempt to explore whether public microfinance service reaches to the poorest through qualitative case study evidence. Some quantitative studies argued that non-profit-oriented Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have greater outreach than profit-oriented MFIs. This study argues that even the non-profit MFIs could not reach to the poorest through adoption of neoliberal governmentality by demonstrating the Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB), a public organization dedicated for poverty reduction in Bangladesh, as a case. The study found that neoliberal policy of market solution of poverty problem provides a financial market for the better off instead of the poor.
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Ahmed, Bayes, Ilan Kelman, Debasish Roy Raja, Md Rabiul Islam, Sourav Das, Mohammad Shamsudduha, and Maureen Fordham. "Livelihood Impacts of Flash Floods in Cox's Bazar District, Bangladesh." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 37, no. 3 (November 2019): 306–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701903700304.

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This article aims to understand local views and understandings of livelihood impacts of flash floods, and how to tackle the challenges. The work is completed through case studies of two villages in Cox's Bazar District in south-east Bangladesh, Manirjhil and Chotojamchori. Based in theoretical understandings from disaster research of how underlying conditions rather than hazards cause disasters, this empirical study combined household surveys and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques for collecting field data. The results detail local perspectives of underlying conditions—namely poverty, inequity, precarious livelihoods, and few contingency options—impacting livelihoods, especially highlighting food, water, disease, and migration, all of which link directly to livelihoods. A significant concern is the need to take out loans which can contribute to continuing poverty. Suggested strategies for dealing with flash flood impacts were based in local contexts and did not always account for broader remits, such as the deep-seated gendered nature of societal roles in Bangladesh or power and governance structures within the Bangladeshi context.
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Weber, Heloise. "Global Politics of Microfinancing Poverty in Asia: The Case of Bangladesh Unpacked." Asian Studies Review 38, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2014.963508.

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Rahman, Afzalur. "A Study on Irregular Migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia through the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea." Otoritas : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ojip.v10i2.4640.

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Irregular migration is an issue of great concern for today’s world. There are various factors which are responsible for this conundrum. These are overpopulation, natural disaster, poverty, illiteracy, lack of employment opportunities, for a better life etc. Thus, irregular migration has been a livelihood strategy for the millions of people worldwide for the long time. Bangladesh is one of the top countries of the world in terms of sending labor migrants. Every year thousands of Bangladeshis are migrating overseas either legally or by illegal means for a better livelihood. However, in the last couple of years, total remittance flow was not satisfactory because of the diplomatic tension between Bangladesh and major migrants receiving countries. In addition, the new migrations policies of the Middle-Eastern countries which is the main destination points for Bangladeshi migrants in terms of single regions also have shrunk the scope. As a result, the number of irregular migrations from Bangladesh to Malaysia has increased. This paper attempts to unveil the key causes of irregular migration through the risky Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea by analysing the field data. It will focus on the case studies of the trafficking victims and their family members with focusing on why they took this dangerous path of irregular migration. It also argues for an effective mechanism to monitor the whole process of irregular migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia on an urgent basis.
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Kabir, Syed Muhammad Sajjad, Md Abdul Aziz, and A. K. M. Shadika Jahan Shathi. "Women Empowerment and Governance in Bangladesh." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 3, no. 1 (June 2018): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632718778376.

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This article is based on a research undertaken to promote and facilitate linkages between gender, poverty reduction and good governance at the local level. The 569 unions under study were included from Dhaka, Barisal, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi and Sylhet divisions. The research focused on analysis by combining feminist research techniques such as participant field observation, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and case studies of women’s life history. The findings showed that most of the women were under the control of their husbands, and they were mere proxies. Women’s voices in governance were not so far heard due to their under-representation and non-participation in institutional structures of decision-making. In governance, women still had limited and insufficient access to resources, public debate and political decision-making processes.
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Khatun, MA, MA Islam, and S. Majumder. "Why some poor women in Bangladesh do not opt for micro-credit?" Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 11, no. 2 (August 10, 2014): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19927.

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Despite many positive impacts of micro-credit, some studies found that micro-credits are not reaching the extreme poor. This study is designed to find out the major causes why rural women do not join micro-credit programme. The present study conducted case studies on ten dropped out members, three non-NGO/MFI members and five NGO/MFI officials. The important causes for dropout are high interest rate, poor management of loan money by clients, management of default cases by NGO/MFI officials, starting time of repayments of instalment, improper utilisation of loan money, husband’s unacceptable interference, lack of training to utilise the money and difficulty in getting large amount of loan. On the other hand, worry of failure to repay the instalment, unwillingness to take loan and husband’s opposition are the main reasons for non-membership of micro-credit programmes. Tough membership criteria set by the NGOs/MFIs restricts the access to micro-credit option for many of the poor families. Though some NGOs/MFIs have some programmes to support the ultra poor, the coverage is limited. One important hurdle to overcome is the psychological poverty. There are many poor people who are not motivated to get involved in the process despite many NGOs/MFIs are operating at their doorsteps. Appropriate actions are needed to increase the coverage of the micro-credit programme to fight against poverty. NGOs/MFIs should focus not only on the profit but also on the true achievement in poverty alleviation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19927 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(2): 285-292, 2013
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Sathar, Zeba A. "G. Rodgen (ed) Population Growth and Poverty in Rural South Asia. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1989." Pakistan Development Review 29, no. 3-4 (September 1, 1990): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v29i3-4pp.355-357.

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Rapid population growth and high levels of poverty continue to be outstanding features of the South Asian region. It is often acknowledged, both implicitly and explicitly, that these two features have close linkages especially in the case of South Asia. This book addresses this very issue through five case studies of Rural Bihar, Rural Pakistan, India, Rural Bangladesh, and Nepal. The book makes an interesting contribution to the literature on population in South Asia. In particular, it has a strong empirical base. However, most of the enquiries, as is quite understandable, are limited by the type of data typically collected in cross-sectional sample surveys. Their limitations are pointed out by the authors themselves. Each chapter makes a significant contribution in its own area and the country-specific results are interesting. In Chapter 2, Rodgers, Gupta, Sharma and Sharma, examine, as their title says, "Demographic Patterns and Poverty among Households in Rural Bihar". The associations between family planning, fertility, child mortality, and incomerelated measures are studied: the relationship between economic variables and fertility is found to be weak; mortality and poverty are more directly related; and the conclusion, therefore, is that there is no evidence to warrant the conclusion that reducing poverty (even if a desirable objective in itself) would reduce fertility.
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Aslam, Mohammad, Senthil Kumar, and Shahryar Sorooshian. "Impact of Microfinance on Poverty: Qualitative Analysis for Grameen Bank Borrowers." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n1p49.

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Poverty is economic, social, political and even moral issue all over the world. Microfinance has been designed to eliminate poverty and may help marginal people to materialize their dreams. Microfinance has been formalized primarily in Bangladesh with this concept. Grameen Bank (GB) has been serving large number of people below poverty level here. Initially, microfinance institutions have been supported by the Government or Donor assuming its positive impact on borrowers. However, ambiguous impacts have been reported in several studies that make microfinance questionable. Therefore, this study intent to measure the impact of microfinance on GB borrowers through the process of qualitative changes in borrowers lives. The process has been measured by some case studies for participant and non-participant borrowers using Modified Household Economic Portfolio Model (M - HEPM). Our qualitative analysis shows that microfinance makes positive changes in the process of borrowers lives observed through financial and activity diaries of the borrowers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poverty Bangladesh Case studies"

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Khan, Mohammad Arifujjaman, and Mohammed Anisur Rahaman. "Impact of Microfinance on Living Standards, Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation of Poor People: A Case Study on Microfinance in the Chittagong District of Bangladesh." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1497.

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Microfinance is not a new development. Its origin can be traced back to 1976, when Muhammad Yunus set up the Grameen Bank, as experiment, on the outskirts of Chittagong University campus in the village of Jobra, Bangladesh. Since then several microfinance institutions came up and have succeeded in reaching the poorest of the poor, and have devised new ground-breaking strategies with time for the fulfillment of their vision. These included the provision of collateral free loans to poor people, especially in rural areas, at full-cost interest rates that are repayable in frequent installments. Borrowers are organized into groups and peer pressure among them, which reduced the risk of default. Microfinance is now being considered as one of the most important and an effective mechanism for poverty alleviation. These are also effective mechanisms through which to disseminate precious information on ways to improve the health, education, legal rights, sanitation and other living standards, which are of relevant concerns for the poor. Above all, many micro-credit programs have targeted one of the most vulnerable groups in society – women, who live in households with little or almost no assets. By providing opportunities for self-employment, many studies have concluded that these programs have significantly improved women's security, autonomy, self-confidence and status within the household.

Our thesis is about microfinance and to investigate the impact of microfinance on the poor people of the society with the main focus on Bangladesh. We mainly concise our thesis through client’s (the poor people, who borrowed loan from microfinance institutions) perspective and build up our research based on it. Therefore, the objective of this study is to show how microfinance works, by using group lending methodology for reducing poverty and how it affects the living standard (income, saving etc.) of the poor people in Bangladesh. So on the light of our research objective; we have developed our research question, which is:

What is the impact of Microfinance on living standards, Empowerment and poverty alleviation of the poor people in Bangladesh?

We consider ourselves between the Positivist and Interpretivist researchers. Because, our main goal is not only to find out the mechanism of microfinance in Bangladesh, but also to find out that how this mechanism helps poor people to improve their living standards as: income, savings etc. By doing so, we believe that it will give us an upper hand, specially when it comes to finding answers to the questions raised in the problem statement.

One of the most important aspects of microfinance is savings mobilization, which is discussed in the theory part. Besides these, microfinance methodology, solidarity, human development and liquidity are also discussed in the theoretical framework.

Several microfinance institutions are working in Bangladesh for the last few decades. Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASA and PROSHIKA are some of the prominent MFIs in Bangladesh. These institutions are working tremendously to the empowerment, poverty reduction and improvement of living standards for the poor people in Bangladesh. Now, they are not only working in Bangladesh but also providing help and support, and are the source of motivation to other MFIs around the world.

We have chosen our sample based on the random sampling technique, from one district (Chittagong) in Bangladesh and we interviewed the people who are already involved in microfinance activities. Therefore, the accuracy of the analysis heavily relies on the data provided by the people, we interviewed.

From the analysis of data, we found that microfinance has the positive impact on the standard of living of the poor people and on their life style. It has not only helped the poor people to come over the poverty line, but has also helped them to empower themselves. There is an argument that the interest rate of MFIs is high, but we traced that most of the respondents of our interview, did not agree on this issue and found it to be reasonable. Inspite of the debate about higher interest rate, MFIs are contributing not only in alleviating the poverty and improving the living standards of the poor people, but also in offering extensive human development programs in Bangladesh.

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Sarwar, Md Golam. "Institutions and poverty reduction : a case study of rural Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556652.

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This is a political economy study of poverty in Bangladesh, analysed from the perspectives of new institutionalism and focuses on the institutional constraints to poverty reduction. It argues that in the mainstream economic literature, poverty is not adequately analysed in its historical and political economy context. Consequently, the poverty reduction policy prescriptions, emanating from market-led growth paradigms, have failed to tackle significantly the poverty problems of the post-colonial states. Generalised sUbsistence poverty has been the central challenge for the lives of the majority of the Bangladeshi population since the colonial days. Bangladesh emerged impoverished from its colonial past. Since its political independence in 1971, it received considerable assistance from the donor community in its effort to reduce mass poverty without any Significant success. However, historical evidence suggests that Bengal was relatively a prosperous region in the pre-colonial days. What went wrong for the majority population of Bangladesh to be trapped in subsistence poverty? Why they have been failing to overcome subsistence poverty even after three decades of independence? This study attempts to address these questions. It is argued that Bengal was affected by mass poverty by the 1930s, through a series of institutional changes in land rights, initiated by the colonial rulers since 1793. The forced commercialisation of agriculture, demographic pressures and the collapse of Bengal's jute economy during the 'great depression' in the 1930s, all played a significant role. The post-colonial state of Bangladesh is embedded in social power structure and lacks autonomy and institutional capacity to pursue poverty reducing broad based economic growth. State institutions in Bangladesh are weak, anti-poor and partial towards the rich. They are ineffective in the pursuit of economic growth in general, and in achieving poverty reduction in particular. Social institutions operating at the village level tend to be more influential than those of state. However, social institutions are built on power structure that are dominated and governed by the rich and are anti-poor. They are not designed to address the poverty issue, but to sustain and strengthen existing village power structure based on unequal land and other resource ownership.
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Ghafur, Shayer. "Spatial setting for homebased income generation : the case of intermediate-sized cities, Bangladesh." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364093.

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Rahman, Sayma. "The impact of microcredit on poverty and women's empowerment a case study of Bangladesh /." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/36990.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2007.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, School of Economics and Finance, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Kateshumbwa, Mwesigye Edgar. "A comparative Case Assessment of the development Roles of MFIs in Uganda and Bangladesh." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1393_1256910745.

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The overall objectives of this thesis were to assess the theory and evaluate the development roles of MFIs in Uganda and Bangladesh. The study in particular focussed on MFIs impact on poverty reduction, empowering women, promoting health, as well as promoting children's education in Uganda and Bangladesh. The study preferred the selected countries because Bangladesh is internationally considered as the best practice for microfinance, whilst Uganda is assumed to be well-positioned in terms of microfinance as compared to other developing countries in Africa. The question that guided this empirical investigation was whether MFIs empower women, reduce poverrty, promote children's education as well as health among its beneficiaries in Uganda and whether Bangladesh has important lessons of experience for Uganda.

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Johansen, Malin, and Carola Nilsson. "Microfinance and poverty alleviation : A case study of Grameen Bank and BRAC." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-82.

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Microfinance and micro credits are concepts that are used frequently when talking about poverty reducing actions. This paper is a case study of the poverty alleviation impacts of microfinance institutions and it contrasts the effects of Grameen Bank and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) operating in Bangladesh. The case study examines the organisations effects in the 21st century since most of the reports have compared the effects in the past not reflecting on future conditions. The questions at issue are if Grameen Bank and BRAC can affect the poverty status of its members in a positive way and if there is a positive effect, which of the approaches are the best to use? To analyse the non monetary dimension, concepts such as health and education has been used as indicators for poverty reduction and the monetary indicator used is income through employment. Simultaneously economic models and concepts have been considered throughout the paper.

The findings of this case study implied that both organisations have positive effects on reducing poverty among its members, but BRAC has the broadest view seeing to all factors investigated and therefore its approach is the best to use. Nevertheless, as previous studies have implied sustainability and cost-effectiveness within the microfinance programme is important for the long-run poverty reduction. Evaluating the economic performance of the two organisations Grameen Bank is more efficient in using its resources than BRAC, but Grameen Bank show a decreasing rate of efficiency while BRAC is improving significantly. With this in consideration BRAC is still showing the best poverty reducing result for its members today, but if the organisation does not find a way to improve its economical performance its actions will not be sustainable in the long run.

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Smith, Lauren C. "Re-Evaluating Poverty Alleviation Strategies: The Impact of Microfinance on Child Labor in Bangladesh." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/224.

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Microfinance has become one of the most promising tools for development and poverty alleviation over the past two decades. Millions of borrowers around the globe have utilized microcredit to start or expand their small businesses and raise their household income. One poverty-induced problem microfinance could potentially alleviate is child labor. Despite international legislation prohibiting it, child labor continues to deprive millions of children of their right to education. Without education, there is little hope for a country to increase productivity and wealth in the future. A number of scholars have highlighted a negative correlation between credit rationing and child labor. However, there are no studies that examine whether or not children are less likely to work in households that participate in microfinance programs. In some circumstances, microcredit may increase household income and induce parents to withdraw their children from work while in others, raising the household income level may lead children to work more. In low-income countries with numerous microfinance institutions, many children work despite their parents’ access to credit. In order to examine this paradoxical phenomenon, this thesis presents a number of econometric models which analyze both child labor and credit at the household level. Though these models are vital in explaining the relevant trends, a purely economic analysis fails to capture the political and cultural factors that also engender child labor. To illustrate this complex relationship between economics and mores, this thesis highlights the impact of microfinance on child labor in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is an ideal country for this study because microfinance and child labor are both endemic. Finally, conclusions drawn from this analysis inform policy recommendations to amplify the effectiveness of microfinance on diminishing child labor.
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Hassan, Mirza Masood. "Politics of decentralization : the case of Upazila reform in Bangladesh." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66759.

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Cuevas-Parra, Patricio. "Exploring child-led research : case studies from Bangladesh, Lebanon and Jordan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33057.

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The right to participate and express a view is an intrinsic right afforded to all human beings, regardless of age (Lundy, 2007). Explicitly, Articles 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) grant participatory rights to children and young people in decision-making. One of the forms of participation academics and practitioners have studied over the past decades, the engagement of children and young people in participatory processes, is moving away from the understanding of children as passive recipients of research to active participants. However, literature has paid scant attention to research led directly by children and young people (Thomas, 2015). Child-led research is understood, as starting definition from literature, as an approach in which children and young people are involved in all stages - from planning, fieldwork and analysis to dissemination. The aim of this research is to critically explore how the process and outcomes of children and young people's participation in their own child-led research contributes, positively or negatively, to decision-making processes in the context of international development programmes. The research questions are: Question 1: What are children and young people's motivations for, expectations of and experiences with engaging in their own child-led research as a way to influence decision-making? Question 2: What are the processes of child-led research that positively or negatively influence decision-making? Question 3: In what ways does child-led research influence decision-making? (And why and how do they do so?) This research project used a case study approach to examine two cases where children and young people claimed they conducted child-led research. The first, Bekaa and Irbid, investigated the research conducted by a group of children and young people on issues relevant to their situations as refugees in the host countries of Lebanon and Jordan. The second, Dhaka, reviewed child-led research focused on the lack of birth certificates issued for Bangladeshi children and the possible effects of not having this legal registration. A group of children and young people who are members of a Children's Parliament in Dhaka led this project. The research participants for this project are defined as (1) the children and young people, aged 12 to 18 (when I interviewed them), who are associated with World Vision programmes and engaged in the child-led research projects within their constituencies in the Irbid and Bekaa and Dhaka case studies and (2) the adult professionals who acted as facilitators of child-led research projects and those who worked in the design of these projects or dissemination of their findings. These participants were those who were best suited to provide the information needed as they were fully involved in the child-led research projects and had in-depth knowledge to contribute answers to the research questions. This project adopted several methods for data collection, including focus groups, semi-structured interviews, observations and documentary review. The study followed ethical research guidelines to ensure the safety, rights, dignity and well-being of both the children and young people and adult participants (Morrow, 2009). The research took into account the special considerations required to gain informed consent, ensure confidentiality and anonymity, acknowledge the cultures of the research sites, and refrain from presenting information that may potentially harm participants (Marshall and Rossman, 2006). The findings of the study show that the child-led research approach is considered an adequate participatory approach that creates spaces for children and young people to engage in their own research and influence change based on their findings. Thus, this approach enabled participants to gather together and pursue collectively a research project in which they were able to explore issues about their lives using research methodologies that were appropriate to their experiences, abilities and expertise. This conversion, however, highlights a variety of tensions around the understanding and legitimacy of child-led research. Findings from this study supports the view that child-led research generates empirically grounded knowledge, which produced through data collection and personal experiences of the young researches and its analysis as a whole. Findings also reveal that the young researchers' motivations and expectations were to make an impact on their own lives, as well as the lives of their peers and change a situation that they perceived as unfair. Findings show that the adult facilitators played an important role in facilitating the young researchers but not managing them. However, this study evidenced some tensions between participation and protection rights. The study found manifestations of power amongst the children and young people during the child-led research projects, which were based on age, gender, religion, language and ethnicity. This confirms children and young people can replicate power relations within their participatory projects, which are deeply embedded in their traditions and cultures. Findings show that child-led research has different levels of impact; on decision-making and in the individual lives of the young researchers. This is connected to the contexts where children and young people conducted their research, which was conducive in one case study and more challenging in the other case. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to the body of literature that challenges the dominant conceptualisation that children and young people are unable to conduct their own research. Instead, the findings of this research project contribute to the study of children and young people's participation by providing different perspectives on the debate around the children and young people's abilities and motivations to engage in their own child-led research projects. The findings contribute to knowledge about the nature of child-led research as an approach that supports children and young people in their struggle to participate in society. These findings contribute to the substantial gap of understanding about what is knowledge and expertise by exploring the ways in which children and young people conduct their own research and create knowledge with the aim of making a change in society. Specifically, the findings provide empirical evidence of the impact that their work has had on policy and practice and their personal lives.
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Molin, Demi, and Ewa-Lena Bichsel. "Effektivitet och utveckling : Grameen Banken i Bangladesh." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7245.

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Vi undersöker i denna studie en organisation, Grameen Bank, och vill på så vis upplysa om ett problem i världen. Det finns många hjälporganisationer som hjälper fattiga och utsatta länder men för att en bättre infrastruktur ska kunna etableras i u-länder krävs även nya metoder så att nya entreprenörer kan etablera sig på marknaden. Muhammad Yunus är en entreprenör, han skapade Grameen Bank i Bangladesh för att hjälpa den fattiga befolkningen att utvecklas och förbättra levnadsstandarden genom att låta dem ta mikrolån. Studiens syfte:  Undersöka hur Grameen Bankens organisation fungerar  Ta reda på Grameen Bankens syfte, mål och vision  Undersöka faktorer som påverkar Grameen Bankens effektivitet och utveckling
The purpose of this study is to analyze an organisation, Grameen Bank, and illustrate a relevant problem in the world. There are plenty of aid organizations that help countries, but to enable the build-up of an infrastructure, new methods are required that help the establishment of new entrepreneurs. Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in Bangladesh to help the poor population to develop and enhance their living standards by lending them micro loans. The purpose of this study:  Investigate how the organisation of Grameen Bank works  Acquire the purpose, goal and vision of Grameen Bank  Investigate the factors that influence the efficiency and development of Grameen Bank
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Books on the topic "Poverty Bangladesh Case studies"

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Banks, Nicola. The poor have a name and a story!: Urban poverty in Bangladesh. Dacca: UNDP, Bangladesh, 2010.

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Quadir, Fahimul. Poverty and policy coherence: Canada's development cooperation in Bangladesh. Ottawa: North-South Institute, 2001.

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Migration of rural poor to urban slums and their poverty situation: Case studies of selected metropolitan cities in Bangladesh. Comilla: Bangladesh Academy of Rural Development, 2004.

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Chowdhury, Zafrullah. Politics of essential drugs: Making of a successful health strategy - lessons from Bangladesh. London: Zed, 1995.

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Dasgupta, Swapan Kumar. Poverty and food insecurity: The case of Bangladesh. Comilla: Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development, 1994.

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D'Souza, Stan. Mortality case study, Matlab, Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 1985.

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Diaspora philanthropy in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Bangladesh Freedom Foundation, 2010.

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Ahmed, Nawshad. Pourashava (Municipal) finance in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: National Institute of Local Government, 1989.

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Jeanne, Brooks-Gunn, Duncan Greg J, and Aber J. Lawrence, eds. Neighborhood poverty. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1997.

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Mele, P. van, A. Salahuddin, and N. P. Magor, eds. Innovations in rural extension: case studies from Bangladesh. Wallingford: CABI, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851990286.0000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Poverty Bangladesh Case studies"

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Fischer, Isabel, and Mohammad Musfequs Salehin. "Health and Poverty as Challenges for Human Security: Two Case Studies on Northern Vietnam and Bangladesh." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 563–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68488-6_40.

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Dubbeling, Marielle, Henk de Zeeuw, and Renè van Veenhuizen. "Case studies." In Cities, Poverty and Food, 79–134. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440545.003.

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Johnson, Susan, and Ben Rogaly. "4. Assessing impact; Case studies." In Microfinance and Poverty Reduction, 72–117. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxfam Publishing, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855988005.004.

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Sedelmeier, Timo, Olaf Kühne, and Corinna Jenal. "‘Poverty Foodscapes’—Two Case Studies." In essentials, 25–31. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36706-0_6.

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Cummins, Annie, and Amin Sharifi Isaloo. "Children in Liminality: Case Studies from Ireland and Iran." In Philosophy and Poverty, 245–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22452-3_13.

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Singh, Manashvi Kumar. "Case Studies as an Immersive Approach for Unravelling Energy–Society Relations." In Eradicating Energy Poverty, 65–238. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7073-2_2.

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Bununu, Yakubu Aliyu. "Poverty Reduction: Concept, Approaches, and Case Studies." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 767–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95867-5_31.

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Bununu, Yakubu Aliyu. "Poverty Reduction: Concept, Approaches, and Case Studies." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_31-1.

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Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter. "The Case-studies: Individual Strategies." In Old Age and Urban Poverty in the Developing World, 171–222. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375475_5.

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Rahman, M. Mizanur. "Financial Inclusion for Poverty Alleviation: The Role of Islamic Finance in Bangladesh." In Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics, 17–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39939-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Poverty Bangladesh Case studies"

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Meah, Kala, and Md Hasan Ali. "Sustainable Small-Scale Photovoltaic Technology for Poverty Alleviation—a Case Study in Bangladesh." In 2019 IEEE Green Technologies Conference(GreenTech). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greentech.2019.8767154.

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"Services Marketing and Poverty Reduction: A Case study on Dhaka City in Bangladesh." In Nov. 29-30, 2016 London (UK). ICEHM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed1116058.

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Putian, Pu. "RELOCATION AS A MODE OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION: CASE STUDY OF JINGGU COUNTY, YUNNAN PROVINCE." In Chinese Studies in the 21st Century. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-1802-8-2022-128-142.

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The year 2020 was a decisive year when China won a nationwide battle against poverty to build a moderately well-to-do society. The key to combat poverty was placed on practical measures to identify poverty-stricken areas. One of the measures to relieve large numbers of people from poverty was relocation. Yunnan province is predominantly mountainous or hilly with many poor counties that often suffer from natural disasters. Taking the case of a typically poor, mountainous, and highly inaccessible Jinggu County for a special study, this paper evaluates the process of relocating 3,721 households during the years between 2016 and 2018, and the resolution of a series of subsequent problems after relocation. By means of a questionnaire survey, the investigation focuses on the manner by which relocation was carried out and the management of problems that followed. By means of a series of response measures and suggestions, the study will attempt to provide a useful reference on poverty alleviation through a relocation model.
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Warda Andalib, Tarnima. "An Innovated HRM Framework for Sustainability: Multiple Case Studies in Bangladesh." In ICBSI 2018 - International Conference on Business Sustainability and Innovation. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.08.7.

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Trembošová, Miroslava, Alena Dubcová, Patrik Kundla, Ján Veselovský, and Daša Oremusová. "Regionálne disparity objektívnej dimenzie chudoby na príklade okresov Banskobystrického kraja (Slovensko)." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-15.

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Poverty, as a multispectral phenomenon caused by a serious material deprivation of the population, is currently becoming one of the most observed socio-economic phenomena, the extent and severity of the social consequences of which are constantly increasing. The paper focuses on the evaluation of selected indicators for measuring poverty in the districts of the region with the highest level of its risk from the perspective of relevant experts to the identifying of the extent, level, development and depth of poverty at two times horizons in 2015 and 2019. The methodology of the pilot case study is based on to implement a multi-criteria assessment of the poverty rate in a statistically unreported territorial unit (district) using 19 objective indicators in three directionally different domains: socio-demographic profile (7 indicators), economic performance (6) and infrastructure (6). Experts from various scientific fields (demogeography, regional development, spatial planning, tourism, environmental studies, economics, management and marketing) evaluated each indicator in the range of 0 - 10 points according to the relationship to poverty. This process is basically known in the literature as the Delphic method. To evaluate poverty, the method of quantitative pairwise comparison in the literature, referred to as the Saaty method, was used. The results of the case study indicate that in the districts in the Banská Bystrica Region, the at-risk-of-poverty rate is decreasing, and regional disparities are diminishing.
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Gaitan (Botezatu), Ionela-Daniela, and Gabriela Prelipcean. "The Coronavirus Pandemic and Sustainable Development. Case Study: Romania." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/24.

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The coronavirus pandemic has affected all states in the world and the measures taken by governments to limit the spread of coronavirus have also left their mark on sustainable development goals, slowing their implementation or even regressing to some of these goals. In the context in which the pandemic affected the Romanian economy and all segments of the population in all areas of the country, especially vulnerable groups, leading to an increase in existing disparities, the rapid implementation of sustainable development goals is the core of a sustainable and equitable recovery. This paper presents effects of coronavirus pandemic on the sustainable development in Romania, especially on the objectives like no poverty, "zero" hunger, health and well-being, quality education, decent work and economic growth, industry, innovation and infrastructure and low inequalities, but also the solutions identified by various international bodies to reduce this impact. Thus, the first part of the paper is a theoretical one, which presents the concept of "sustainable development" and analyses specialized studies that have presented the objectives of sustainable development, including studies that have shown the negative or positive effects of the coronavirus pandemic on these objectives. The second part of the paper presents a descriptive analysis of the stage of sustainable development in Romania, after one year of coronavirus pandemic. In carrying out this paper, qualitative research was used, based on methods such as descriptive analysis, analysis of official statistical data, study of reports and reference papers and synthesis of conclusions.
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Akhter, Zobaida. "When Schools Shut: Child Marriage Start: Impact of Covid-19 on Education of Girl Child in Bangladesh." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3114.

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More than 15.5 percent of Bangladeshi girls had been forced into wedlock below the age of 15 whereas the marriage age in Bangladesh during a pandemic. With the recent reopening of Bangladeshi schools, authorities have been alarmed by the number of girls not attending classes. In Khulna district, North of Bangladesh recorded more than 3,000 child marriages in this district. The paper will assess and estimate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the education of young girls. Some case studies will be conducted in the child marriage-prone district of Khulna. Technology is not the only solution to all problems, it needs infrastructure, access to the internet or mobile, and economic solvency to provide necessary things. Since the majority of schools have moved instruction online because of the pandemic, it is now important to give girls the tools to participate in distance learning techniques. Because thousands of girl brides in southern Bangladesh whose classroom seats have remained empty after reopening of school.
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Atak, Şermin, Sibel Tan, and Ümran Şengül. "The Role in the Rural Development of Organic Agriculture Potential in Turkey: The Case of Gökçeada." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01012.

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Organic agriculture in Turkey has been put on the agenda in accordance with external demands since 1980. These demands initially started with traditional products such as raisin and fig and then the number of requested products has increased rapidly. Including the transition process, approximately 24,354 farmers produced 665.550 tons organic products in 251.899-hectare field in Turkey. Gökçeada, becoming an organic island, is a region where significant projects are implemented. With a total of 101 varieties of organic products, Gökçeada has a potential of up to 50% of the number of varieties in Turkey. On the other hand, 390 producers carry out organic agricultural activity on the island. Gökçeada has 1.35% of the organic agriculture land of in Turkey and 1.47% of the production. The positive effects of organic agriculture on rural poverty reduction and on the environment and its effect on tourism potential will be examined by using field studies conducted on the island as a method in this study. In the light of the findings, policy and strategy recommendations on the development of Gökçeada with organic agriculture will be conveyed. In this study, the institutional structure of organic agriculture in Turkey and Gökçeada, government policies towards organic agriculture, the importance of the organic agriculture in terms of the projects conducted and rural development will be examined. Results of the study Gökçeada going to have rural development strategies about future.
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Harrison, Sally. "Tactical Urbanism Where it Matters: How Small Scale Spatial Practice Can Catalyze Change in Underserved Communities." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.39.

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Small scale spatial interventions that bring vibrancy to city life have been a preoccupation of designers in recent years. While creative actions have focused on the almost-healthy environment, what of those communities perennially underserved, and whose problems of poverty, crime, health and environmental decay are more complex and challenging? Through several case studies, this paper examines a new direction for the spatial practice known as “tactical urbanism,” and suggests that it might catalyze change in distressed communities if undertaken with careful consideration of multiple systems that form these contexts. Design collaborations, cooperative research and willingness to expand the temporal frame of a project can help to catalyze institutional growth and neighborhood stability.
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Mycoo, Michelle. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSFORMING INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/bhck8814.

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Informal settlements are quite complex because they consist of economically disadvantaged, often landless households located on steep hillsides, floodplains and swamps, which contribute to their exclusion from accessing infrastructure. These challenges need not be constraints; rather they offer opportunities for transformation. Such communities are generally characterised by inadequate access to safe water; inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure; poor structural quality of housing; overcrowding and insecure residential status. This paper uses primary and secondary data to determine the drivers which impact on the burgeoning of informal settlements in the Caribbean and analyses their implications for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 which focuses on achieving safer, sustainable and resilient human settlements. The main findings of the paper are that housing shortages, delays in obtaining planning approvals, inflated land values and poverty contribute to the growth of informal settlements. However, such settlements occupy vulnerable sites where infrastructure is sometimes lacking and they help trigger environmental hazards which may be further exacerbated by climate change. Based on the key findings of the empirical evidence, the paper raises what is the critical role of engineering and engineering education in improving access by informal settlements to basic services that are fundamental in achieving sustainable, resilient human settlements and human well-being? These questions are answered within the Caribbean Small Island Developing States context and draws from a cross-section of case studies within the region.
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Reports on the topic "Poverty Bangladesh Case studies"

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Hodey, Louis S., and Fred M. Dzanku. Agricultural Commercialisation in South-Western Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.032.

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The Agricultural Policy Research in Africa study in Ghana consists of three work streams. This report contains results of the analyses of Work Stream 1 (WS1) baseline and endline survey datasets for Ghana. Oil palm commercialisation arrangements and outcomes are the focus of WS1 in Ghana. Case studies have been carried out in two districts – Ahanta West and Mpohor – in Western Region. This report highlights the changes between 2017 and 2019 for five APRA indicators, including agricultural commercialisation (input and output), employment, poverty (income, subjective poverty and household asset ownership), food security and women empowerment.
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Matthews, John, and Ernesto Ocampo Dela Cruz. Integrating Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management: A Practitioner's Guide. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220215-2.

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This guide explores the benefits of using nature-based solutions to promote sustainable and resource-efficient infrastructure. Nature-based solutions are interventions to protect, restore, and sustainably manage natural or modified ecosystems to support both biodiversity and people’s well-being. This guide includes case studies from Bangladesh, Nepal, the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, and Viet Nam. It considers challenges and opportunities and shows how nature-based solutions can be mainstreamed in the portfolio of the Asian Development Bank.
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Oyerinde, Funmi, and Naphtali Bwalami. The Impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations on the Lives of Rural Women: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7277.

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The PROACT project uses Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) to enable rural financial inclusion. The VSLA approach is targeted at combating increased poverty and improving the resilience of poor rural farming households in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria. The three case studies presented here reflect the new, transformative realities of increased income, access to loans, safe spaces for women, improved rural enterprise and the empowerment of women engaged in the VSLAs.
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Tinsley, Brian, Sarah Cacicio, Zohal Shah, Daniel Parker, Odelia Younge, and Christina Luke Luna. Micro-credentials for Social Mobility in Rural Postsecondary Communities: A Landscape Report. Digital Promise, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/151.

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This landscape report explores the impact of earning micro-credentials on the social mobility of rural learners. Through four in-depth case studies, we show how earning micro-credentials may lead to credential attainment, workforce entry, promotions, and/or economic improvements (e.g., salary increase, prioritizing learners impacted by poverty), particularly for Black, Latino, and Indigenous populations, as well as women. All of the initiatives emphasize the need for strong regional partnerships across educational sectors and deeper efforts to engage communities of color to lead to greater impact. Preliminary research indicates that micro-credentials can—and in some cases, do—lead to job promotions, higher wages, and an increase in self-confidence for rural learners.
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Middlehurst, Robin, and Steve Woodfield. The Role of Transnational, Private, and For-Profit Provision in Meeting Global Demand for Tertiary Education: Mapping, Regulation and Impact. Commonwealth of Learning (COL), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/11599/241.

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This is a report of a first-stage project sponsored by UNESCO and the Commonwealth of Learning to map the extent, range, and impact of transnational, private, and for-profit tertiary education provision in a sample of countries. The data, collected from readily available public sources and verified by in-country experts, was first used to create country case studies for Jamaica, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Bulgaria. A summary report was then produced that drew comparisons across countries in relation to five topics: overviews of each country; national education systems and policies; regulatory frameworks, accreditation, and quality assurance; transnational, private, and for-profit provision; and local perceptions of impact. The summary report also provides a comparative analysis across countries, with reference to the wider literature, and draws out a series of policy implications from the study for governments, institutions, and agencies, both national and international.
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Chauhan, Dharmistha, and Swapna Bist Joshi. The World Bank in Asia: An assessment of COVID-19-related investments through a care lens. Care-responsive investments and development finance. Oxfam, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8182.

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International financial institutions (IFIs) and multilateral development banks have been playing a vital role in the response, recovery and ‘build back anew’ agenda from the COVID-19 pandemic. This is especially true of the World Bank Group (WBG), given its high volumes of committed investments across sectors, especially in low-income and vulnerable countries. This report presents, through case studies, how care-responsive the World Bank’s COVID-19-related investments have been in four member countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal and the Philippines. It does so by using the Care Principles and Care-Responsive Barometer for IFIs to assess the nature of the WBG’s post-COVID recovery investments in these select countries, and by building evidence through a gender- and care-responsive budget review. The foundation for care inclusion has already been laid in WBG policy. The report uses this as an entry point to urge it to bring women’s unpaid, underpaid and paid work to the centre of the IFI agenda in order to move towards rebuilding a more gender-just and equal future.
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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2022/pe04.

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This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.
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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/122.

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This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.
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Mai Phuong, Nguyen, Hanna North, Duong Minh Tuan, and Nguyen Manh Cuong. Assessment of women’s benefits and constraints in participating in agroforestry exemplar landscapes. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21015.pdf.

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Participating in the exemplar landscapes of the Developing and Promoting Market-Based Agroforestry and Forest Rehabilitation Options for Northwest Vietnam project has had positive impacts on ethnic women, such as increasing their networks and decision-making and public speaking skills. However, the rate of female farmers accessing and using project extension material or participating in project nurseries and applying agroforestry techniques was limited. This requires understanding of the real needs and interests grounded in the socio-cultural contexts of the ethnic groups living in the Northern Mountain Region in Viet Nam, who have unique social and cultural norms and values. The case studies show that agricultural activities are highly gendered: men and women play specific roles and have different, particular constraints and interests. Women are highly constrained by gender norms, access to resources, decision-making power and a prevailing positive-feedback loop of time poverty, especially in the Hmong community. A holistic, timesaving approach to addressing women’s daily activities could reduce the effects of time poverty and increase project participation. As women were highly willing to share project information, the project’s impacts would be more successful with increased participation by women through utilizing informal channels of communication and knowledge dissemination. Extension material designed for ethnic women should have less text and more visuals. Access to information is a critical constraint that perpetuates the norm that men are decision-makers, thereby, enhancing their perceived ownership, whereas women have limited access to information and so leave final decisions to men, especially in Hmong families. Older Hmong women have a Vietnamese (Kinh) language barrier, which further prevents them from accessing the project’s material. Further research into an adaptive framework that can be applied in a variety of contexts is recommended. This framework should prioritize time-saving activities for women and include material highlighting key considerations to maintain accountability among the project’s support staff.
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Price, Roz. Climate Adaptation: Lessons and Insights for Governance, Budgeting, and Accountability. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.008.

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This rapid review draws on literature from academic, policy and non-governmental organisation sources. There is a huge literature on climate governance issues in general, but less is known about effective support and the political-economy of adaptation. A large literature base and case studies on climate finance accountability and budgeting in governments is nascent and growing. Section 2 of this report briefly discusses governance of climate change issues, with a focus on the complexity and cross-cutting nature of climate change compared to the often static organisational landscape of government structured along sectoral lines. Section 3 explores green public financial management (PFM). Section 4 then brings together several principles and lessons learned on green PFM highlighted in the guidance notes. Transparency and accountability lessons are then highlighted in Section 5. The Key findings are: 1) Engaging with the governance context and the political economy of climate governance and financing is crucial to climate objectives being realised. 2) More attention is needed on whether and how governments are prioritising adaptation and resilience in their own operations. 3) Countries in Africa further along in the green PFM agenda give accounts of reform approaches that are gradual, iterative and context-specific, building on existing PFM systems and their functionality. 4) A well-functioning “accountability ecosystem” is needed in which state and non-state accountability actors engage with one another. 5) Climate change finance accountability systems and ecosystems in countries are at best emerging. 6) Although case studies from Nepal, the Philippines and Bangladesh are commonly cited in the literature and are seen as some of the most advanced developing country examples of green PFM, none of the countries have had significant examples of collaboration and engagement between actors. 7) Lessons and guiding principles for green PFM reform include: use the existing budget cycle and legal frameworks; ensure that the basic elements of a functional PFM system are in place; strong leadership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and clear linkages with the overall PFM reform agenda are needed; smart sequencing of reforms; real political ownership and clearly defined roles and responsibilities; and good communication to stakeholders).
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