Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poverty Alleviation Policy'
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1
Puentes, German. "Unravelling the policy-making process : the case of Chilean poverty-alleviation policy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1048/.
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The thesis investigates the policy-making process underpinning the poverty-alleviation programmes created in Chile during the 1990s and the first part of the 2000s. Three programmes developed by the governing Concertacion Alliance during this period are selected. The un-researched characteristic of this subject in Chile is the main reason for choosing this topic. The thesis maps and explains the policy-making process of the three programmes, by identifying main events, actors and mechanisms behind the unfolding of events. Data is obtained from 32 interviews applied to key process actors to obtain their narratives of the processes. The Multiple Streams Model of the policy-making process is employed as theoretical framework. Results highlight that the processes occur in a highly closed fashion inside government. The main actors involved are the President and his ministers who are able to command the events that lead to the creation of a new programme. The political stream plays a fundamental role in the process as the pro-equity approach of the governing coalition creates a window of opportunity for the introduction of poverty-alleviation programmes. The problems stream is also important, thanks to the availability of poverty statistics that are produced every two years by the Concertacion Alliance governments. However, the processes differ from the Multiple Streams Model as no independent policy stream was found to exist. Instead, solutions are created by governments in a punctuated manner and during a short timeframe to accomplish political deadlines, when the government considers that the problem deserves to be addressed. The absence of a policy stream is explained by the policy monopoly that the government enjoys in the poverty arena, where no policy contestants exist. In particular, Chilean social policy experts constitute a small and non-articulated group of individuals usually excluded from the policymaking process, enabling the government to ignore them.
2
Keding, Wolfgang. "Investment opportunities and poverty alleviation in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49699.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Republic of Namibia gained its independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990. The divided economic sector between modem European orientated and the underdeveloped African sector places major challenges on the government, the business sector and on the population itself. Vast differences exist between income, educational level, and living conditions and life expectations. The economy can be described as stable. Mining, fishing and agriculture are the main contributors to the economy. Currently the government maintains a budget deficit of 23.5% of the Gross Domestic Product. The economic policy can be described as open and democratic. Exchange rates and interest rates are market-determined. The comparatively high Gini - Coefficient of 0,7%, an unemployment rate of 34% and the decrease of the life expectancy rate are major challenges faced by the government of the day. Since independence Namibia has become a member of many regional and world organisations. These organisations support Namibia in various development projects, which will contribute t a stable economy. The composition of the Namibian population together with the size of the country and its various natural resources makes Namibia not very attractive for major manufacturers or industrialisation. Therefore the development of Small Macro and Medium Enterprises are of utmost importance. Namibia has developed a sophisticated financial sector, compared to other African countries. The Namibian Stock Exchange was established during 1992 and has developed into the second largest stock exchange in Africa. Treasury Bills and Government Bonds have been introduced as investment tools. Various state-supported institutions have been founded to support economic development. The Ministry of Trade and Industry implemented various tax incentives to attract foreign and local investments. However these measures have not had the expected effect. Namibia can learn few things from Mauritius, which has had basically the same historical development and economic composition. To ensure future investments in Namibia the government should consider the implementation of an investment tax, the implementation of an Unemployment Insurance Fund, and the support of unemployed people. The effect of HIV/AIDS will have a major impact on the economy of the country. The regional development will have a major effect on the national economy. The Southern African Development Community should create a regional currency, a standard economic and political structure and a free trade area. Such a regional development will have a positive effect on all national economies. Namibia has enough investment opportunities for national and foreign investors. Political and economical stability has to be maintained to ensure continuous future support of the investors. To fight poverty additional steps have to be taken so that within 20 years poverty in Namibia is not an issue anymore.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Republiek van Namibië het op 21 Maart 1990 onafhanklik geword. Die groot ekonomiese verskille tussen moderne Europese en ander ontwikkelde Afrikaanse sektore plaas die regering, die besigheids sektor en die inwoners voor 'n groot uitdaging. Groot verskille bestaan tussen inkomste, opvoeding, lewens omstandighede en verwagte lewensduur. Die ekonomie kan as stabiel beskryf word. Huidiglik handhaaf die regering 'n begrotingstekort van 23.5% van die Nasionale Bruto Binnelandse Produk. Die ekonomiese beleid kan as demokraties en oop beskryf word. Die wisselkoerse en rentekoerse word deur die mark bepaal. Die relatief hoë Gini koefisiënt van 0.7%, 'n werkloosheidspersentasie van 34% en 'n daling in die verwagte lewensduur stel die regering voor 'n groot uitdaging. Sedert onafhanklikheid het Namibië lid geword van talle streeks- en werêld organisasies. Hierdie organisasies ondersteun Namibië in verskillende ontwikkelingsprojekte, wat 'n stabiele ekonomie tot gevolg sal hê. Die samestelling van die bevolking van Namibië en die grootte van die land tesame met die natuurlike hulpbronne maak dit aanloklik vir groot fabrieke en industrieë. Die ontwikkeling van mikro en klein besighede is dus uiters belangrik. Namibië het 'n gesofistukeerde finansiële sektor in vergelyking met ander Afrika lande ontwikkel. Die Namibiese effektebeurs is 1992 in die lewe geroep en het tot die tweede grootste effektebeurs in Afrika ontwikkel. Skatkis briewe en regerings skuldbriewe is ingevoer as beleggings moontlikhede. Verskillende regerings en ondersteunende instansies het onstaan om ekonomiese ontwikkelling te bevorder. Die Ministerie van Handel en Ontwikkeling het verskillende belasting voordele geskep om buitelandse beleggers te trek. Tot op die huidige dag het hierdie voordele nie die gewensde effek gehad nie. Namibië kan baie van Mauritius leer, wat basies dieselfde historiese ontwikkeling gehad het en dieselfde ekonomiese samestelling het. Om toekomstige ontwikkeling te verseker, behoort die regering die implementering van 'n beleggersbelasting te oorweeg, sowel as 'n werkloosheidsversekeringsfonds om werklose mense te help ondersteun. Die effek van MIV/VIGS sal 'n groot uitwerking hê op die ekonomie van die land. Streeksontwikkeling in Suider-Afrika sal 'n groot effek op die ontwikkelling van die nasionale ekonomie hê. Die Suid Afrikaanse Ontwikkelings Vereniging behoort een gesamentlike geldeenheid, 'n standaard ekonomiese en politieke beleid te hê om 'n vrye handelssone te implementeer. Die streeksontwikkeling sal 'n positiewe effek op alle nasionale ekonomieë hê. Namibië het genoeg beleggingsmoontlikhede vir nasionale en buitelandse ontwikkellaars. Politieke en ekonomiese stabiliteit behoort gehandhaaf te word om toekomstige steun van beleggers te waarborg. Om armoede te bekamp, moet addisionele stappe geneem word om te verseker dat dit oor 20 jaar geen probleem meer sal wees nie.
3
Magneli, Maria de Lurdes Fatima. "Trade liberalization and poverty alleviation in developing countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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4
Kitthananan, Amornsak. "Governance and policy-making in Thailand : a study of poverty alleviation policy since 1997." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/7ad4eb81-6b74-48bc-9951-db58265fa437.
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5
Simón, Gutiérrez Ana Alí. "Policy coherence between biodiversity conservation, climate change and poverty alleviation in Mexico." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33026.
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In the last decades, the impacts of climate change have affected people, societies, economic sectors and ecosystems in all the continents and oceans. Climate change will make povertyalleviation harder by slowing down economic growth, eroding food security, and increasing and creating poverty traps. The poor, that are highly dependent on wildlife and natural resources for their persistence, will be affected the most. However, it seems that environmental priorities are not considered in the developmental agendas. If biodiversity and climate change are not included in policy domains other than the environmental, many negative effects will not be adequately mitigated or minimised. Addressing these multidimensional problems requires policy coherence for improving the outcomes of social and environmental policies, and for using more efficiently the limited resources that developing countries have. The overall aim of this study is to determine if there is coherence between the objectives of the National Development Plan and the sectoral programs of Mexico, with a special focus on climate change adaptation and mitigation, povertyalleviation, and biodiversity conservation. Through a discourse network analysis, it was possible to determine the policy components within each program and to systematically identify the connections between them and investigate if there was policy coherence. Since the documents analysed belong to two different levels of the government, it was possible to analyse vertical and horizontal coherence. The analysis showed that there is vertical coherence between the NDP and the sectoral programs, low coherence between the sectoral programs, as well as low coherence between the four policy components of major interest. This analysis increases the very scarce literature on Mexico's policy coherence, providing empirical evidence that allows finding windows of opportunity for improving the coherence between sectoral programs in the future.
6
羅慧芳 and Wai-fong Katherine Lo. "Poverty alleviation policies in China: a casestudy of Gansu and Guangxi provinces." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893934.
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7
Chowdhury, Shymal Kanti. "Government-NGO collaboration in poverty alleviation in rural areas : a policy study in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of East London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532653.
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Collaborative programmes between Government and NGOs have been identified as an effective mechanism to alleviate poverty in developing countries. This policy study explores the collaboration in programmes of rural agricultural improvements in Bangladesh to assess the benefits received by the target groups of village farmers and the poor women and the outcome of the collaborative process. This research carried out interview with 45 persons from the partner organisations like NGOs and the implementing government organisations, the international donor, and officials of the executing ministry. The study is based on these semi-structured interviews, and participatory research from 14 villages representing different parts of Bangladesh. The findings indicated that the NGOs were not involved until the implementation stage and, therefore, so had not been able to engage the poor people in a participatory process of planning, but in some cases the government officials at grass root level were effective in selecting competent participants. In some respect, the participants received better services from the grass-root level government officials than NGOs, though in some cases the expertise of the field level government officials regarding technical services was undermined. However, a good network of relationship among the field officials of partner organisations and the participants was underway in some cases. Lack of co-ordination, monitoring, and communication prevailed in the overall project management activities, which resulted in severe delay in the distribution of donor's fund for the NGOs. As a result participants dropped out in a few cases. Nevertheless, the study found an improvement in income as well as in the position of the poor people in the rural society. This raises a policy dilemma in that overall the programmes benefited their target populations even though some aspects of collaborative mechanisms have not worked well in some cases.
8
Tsomo, Zixolele. "Local economic development and poverty alleviation in Nkonkobe Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18343.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Local Economic Development (LED) in alleviating poverty in Nkonkobe Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, a municipality that is predominantly rural in nature and also stricken by poverty. The research objectives were; to explore the implementation of LED strategies, to assess the degree to which various spheres of government work collaboratively to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in development planning; and to evaluate the extent to which job opportunities have been created as a result of LED practices in the municipality. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative research approach was utilised. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique whereby individuals who are directly involved in integrated development planning and LED planning were targeted. Those who met this criterion were considered suitable for providing relevant information regarding the implementation of LED in Nkonkobe Local Municipality. Based on the literature review presented in chapter 2, LED can be perceived as an integrated, multidisciplinary approach that seeks to alleviate poverty through pro-poor economic growth by promoting economic development initiatives in municipalities. Moreover, the legislative framework presented in the same chapter reveals that the South African government has employed various strategies in the implementation of LED in local communities. The study showed that the Nkonkobe Local Municipality LED strategy has limited impact on poverty alleviation due to a myriad of factors which reinforce and interact with each other, thereby limiting development and thus trapping residents in poverty. The findings suggest that there is significant room for a paradigm shift from predominantly pro-growth LED to pro-poor LED, and the need to adopt a comprehensive LED strategy that seeks to include both pro-growth and pro-poor strategies.
9
Chepete, Maipelo. "Assessing poverty alleviation in Botswana in terms of the Copenhagen Declaration." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52702.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Botswana is one of the signatories of the Copenhagen Declaration, which was promulgated in Denmark in 1995. The Declaration, among others, called for signatories to eradicate poverty through decisive national actions and international cooperation as an ethical, social, political and economic imperative of humankind. This study, which takes the form of a policy systems analysis, seeks to establish the implementation path followed by the Government of Botswana in its endeavour to bring into effect its commitment to poverty alleviation, using the Copenhagen Declaration as a benchmark. The main methodology that informs this study is a comparative literature review of existing documentary sources, which include research reports and policy documents. This data is supplemented by interviews with some top officials involved in the planning, formulation and monitoring of poverty alleviation programmes. In addition, the author's experience of working as an Assistant District Officer in the Central District greatly supplements collected data. After presenting the background to the study and the research methodology that was followed, the study discusses the Copenhagen Declaration. It then explains the poverty situation at a global level. The picture is then narrowed to sub- Saharan Africa after which a more specific picture of the poverty situation in Botswana is explored. The findings of this study indicate that poverty alleviation policies and programmes implemented by the Government of Botswana are in line with the requirements of the Copenhagen Declaration. The most notable limiting factor affecting proper implementation of the commitments is lack of monitoring and evaluation, hence the study recommends that the Government put in place proper monitoring and evaluation mechanisms among others.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Botswana is een van die ondertekenaars van die Kopenhaagse Verklaring wat in 1995 in Denemarke uitgevaardig is. Die Verklaring het, onder andere, 'n beroep aan ondertekenaars gerig om die uitwissing van armoede deur middel van indringende nasionale aksies en internasionale samewerking as eties, sosiaal, polities en ekonomies gebiedend vir die mensdom aan te spreek. Hierdie studie, wat in die vorm van 'n analise van beleidsstelsels aangepak is, poog om vas te stel watter implementeringsweg deur die Regering van Botswana gevolg is om uiting te gee aan die verbintenis tot die verligting van armoede, met die Kopenhaagse Verklaring as maatstaf. Die vernaamste metode wat gevolg is om aan die studie gestalte te gee, is 'n vergelykende letterkundige oorsig van bestaande dokumentêre bronne, wat navorsingverslae en beleidsdokumente ingesluit het. Hierdie inligting is aangevul met behulp van onderhoude met sommige hoogstaande amptenare wat betrokke is by die beplanning, formulering en monitering van programme om armoede te verlig. Hierbenewens is die versamelde inligting tot 'n groot mate aangevul uit die ondervinding wat die skywer deur haar werk as 'n Assistent Distriks Offisier in die Sentraal distrikte opgedoen het. Die agtergrond tot die studie en die navorsingsmetodologie wat gevolg is, word eers aangebied en gevolg deur 'n bespreking van die Kopenhaagse Verklaring. Daarna word die stand van armoede op globale vlak verduidelik. Vervolgens word die blik vernou tot die gebied in Afrika suid van die Sahara en uiteindelik is daar 'n meer spesifieke ondersoek om 'n spesifieke indruk van die stand van armoede in Botswana te verkry. Die bevindinge van die studie toon dat beleidsbesluite en programme vir die verligting van armoede wat deur die Regering in Botswana geïmplementeer is, by die vereistes van die Kopenhaagse Verklaring aansluit. Die mees opvallende beperkende faktor wat die behoorlike implementering van die verbintenis tot die verklaring affekteer, is 'n gebrek aan monitering en evaluering en die studie stel dus voor dat die Regering behoorlike meganismes vir monitering en evaluering opstel.
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Tastan, Ozlem Zehra. "A Critique Of Poverty Alleviation As Social Policy:the World Bank'." Master's thesis, METU, 2002. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606614/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to critically elaborate the World Bank&rsquos Social Risk Mitigation Project (SRMP) in Turkey for poverty alleviation. Within this context, the thesis argues that the content and means of social policy are re-defined on and around the theme of &lsquo
fight against poverty&rsquo
which is to be realized through (social) risk management. In this sense, there exists a paradigmatic shift in conceptualization of social policy from income re-distributive mechanisms to risk management proposed to achieve through safety-nets and market mechanism, specifically, small-scale income generating activities and investment in human capital. Hence, it is the core claim of this thesis that the strategy proposed by the World Bank for the social policy in Turkish context results in operationalisation of social policy as a means of both political crisis management, and establishing market hegemony in the distribution of welfare which means deepening the dependency on market.
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Perfect, Ellen. "Sustainable Mining for Long Term Poverty Alleviation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1709.
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This thesis explores the poverty alleviation and peace-spoiling power of the mineral extraction sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to arrive at a set of strategic goals for the country moving forward. Although subterranean minerals are often a source or perpetuator of violence, the potential to lift the country’s rural communities out of extreme poverty makes the mining industry an essential part of the nation’s development strategies. Lessons from Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Ghana, Zambia, Uganda and Sierra Leone to arrive at best practices for increasing the multiplier effect of large-scale mining, formalization, beneficiation, capital resource development, stakeholder harmonization and conflict control. The study also finds that in order to smoothly construct and implement new programs, the traditional roles and positioning of government, corporate and community stakeholders must change toward increased inclusion.
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Benya, Zoliswa (Nqolase). "The effectiveness of poverty alleviation initiatives in Buffalo City Metropolitan municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1613.
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The South African democratic government has, since 1994, implemented various programs that aim to alleviate poverty through policy interventions. The Provincial Growth and Development Plan (Eastern Cape 2004-2014) commit its self to halving poverty by 2014. The research seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of poverty alleviation initiatives in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), East London; focussing in Nompumelelo informal settlement. The study applied quantitative and qualitative approaches for biographical and socio economic information; and for in-depth understanding and verification respectively. Data collection was through structured interviews and survey questionnaires. The findings reveal that there are random, short-term poverty alleviation initiatives taking place in Nompumelelo informal settlement area. Projects that could have been self-sustaining collapsed due to lack of skills and training. The study indicates that the level of unemployment is high at 68 percent.
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Rugemalila, Irene Joas. "The impact of foreign direct investments on sustainable development in Africa: Can this contribute to poverty alleviation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_9989_1177916961.
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This study dealt with the impact of foreign direct investments on sustainable development in Africa in relation to poverty alleviation. The study aimed to show the link between these two areas and examine the impact of foreign direct investment on sustainable development, and whether such impact can lead to poverty alleviation and improve people's lives living under the poverty line.
14
Mooya, Manya Mainza. "Real estate markets and poverty alleviation in Namibia's urban informal settlements : an institutional approach." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04022009-125446.
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Probert, Lauren J. "Energy supplier involvement in English fuel poverty alleviation : a critical analysis of emergent approaches and implications for policy success." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17850.
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Over the last twenty-five years, fuel poverty in England has successfully transitioned from niche academic interest to mandated concern of the state. More recently still, government have opted to charge energy suppliers with primary delivery responsibility for fuel poverty programmes. The original contribution to knowledge made by this thesis is in offering a novel comparative analysis of the potential for the state and energy suppliers to effectively support fuel poor households. This research offers one of the first academic assessments of the new suite of policies championed by the coalition government formed in 2010. It is also amongst the first pieces of work to apply and critically assess the new official metric for fuel poverty, the Low Income, High Costs definition. By assessing delivery choices against the tenets of neoliberalism identified as guiding recent UK governments, the work further takes into account the motivations of policymakers. A diverse methodological approach is applied, incorporating policy evaluation, quantitative analysis, synthesis of existing literature, and professional engagement. This research establishes that in passing the Warm Homes and Energy Conservation Act 2000, politicians did not appreciate the demands of the commitment to eradicate fuel poverty by 2016. Subsequently, supplier obligations initially intended as a means of mitigating climate change have become the primary policy tool for tackling fuel poverty. The evidence presented here suggests, however, that suppliers are inherently poorly suited to this task for a variety of reasons: their access to the data required to successfully identify fuel poor households is limited; they fund activity in a manner that is unavoidably regressive; and the extent to which they are able to deliver programmes more efficiently than the state is, particularly for economic interventions, subject to question. It is consequently argued that, whilst supplier obligations are likely to appeal to an austerity-driven, neoliberal government as an expedient means of keeping expenditure away from the public purse and of limiting the role of the state, this work demonstrates that increased government involvement and greater political ambition will be required if fuel poverty policies are to be successful.
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Aran, Meltem A. "Measuring treatment effects in poverty alleviation programs : three essays using data from Turkish household surveys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98fada59-d38d-4179-b151-c17196c86acf.
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The dissertation is a compilation of three essays on Turkey's poverty alleviation programs. The first paper focuses on the welfare impact of the global financial Crisis on Turkish households. The second paper considers the protective impact of the Green Card non-contributory health insurance program in Turkey during the Crisis in 2008-2009. The third paper uses experimental data from the field in eastern Turkey, to look at patterns of agricultural technology diffusion in a rural development program implemented in a post-conflict setting.
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Leyton, Navarro Cristian Marcelo. "The shaping of social policy for poverty alleviation in Latin America : a comparative analysis of Colombia and Chile." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.738230.
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Bila, Aniceto Timoteo. "The Role of non-farm sources of income in rural poverty alleviation in the Boane District of Mozambique." Pretoria : [s.n. ], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05232005-161910.
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Chetty, Devapala. "An investigation into South Africa's economic progress with special attention to transformation, participation and poverty alleviation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50268.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study project aims to investigate economic progress in South Africa through exploring the economic history in both the pre-1994 and post-1994 period. Special emphasis is placed on the areas of poverty alleviation, employment creation as well as the economic success that the country wishes to achieve. South Africa, as a developing nation, faced many key challenges after 1994 and together with these internal problems, the global operating environment was rapidly changing and this needed to be factored in. After ten years of democracy, it is important to examine what progress has been made and determine if South Africa is indeed on the path to prosperity. In establishing this, the author starts by defining the key issues that deserve consideration within the topic and sets a standard framework around which the topic will be studied. South Africa is not the first country in the world to experience related challenges and it is useful to examine some selected economies in the world, to extract key learning points as well as offer a means of benchmarking how South Africa compares. It is essential that the context and nature of the problems that exist currently be understood through an investigation of the past. The solutions that ultimately are applied to eradicate these problems must successfully address the inherited legacy or the solutions will be short term and inadequate. Much has happened after 1994 and this is examined both from a macroeconomic as well as the socioeconomic perspective. In determining whether South Africa remains on the correct trajectory, the key learning points are integrated with the progress made to date. The identified shortcomings are then presented as recommendations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie mik om ekonomiese vordering in Suid-Afrika deur die bestudering van ekonomiese geskiedenis in beide die voor-en na-1994 tydperk te ondersoek. Spesiale klem is geplaas in areas van verligting van armoede, werkskepping sowel as ekonomiese sukses wat die land na streef. Suid-Afrika, as 'n ontwikkelende land, staar baie sleutel uitdagings na 1994 in die gesig en tesame met die interne probleme, het die globale funksionele omgewing vinnig verander en moes dit in ag geneem word . Na tien jaar van demokrasie, is dit belangrik om ondersoek in te stel na watter vordering gemaak was en vas te stel of Suid-Afrika inderdaad op pad is na positiewe groei. Deur dit vas te stel, het die skrywer begin om sleutel fokuspunte, binne die onderwerp wat verdien om in ag geneem te word, te definieer, en plaas 'n standaard raamwerk rondom die betrokke onderwerp wat bestudeer moet word. Suid-Afrika is nie die eerste land in die wereld om soortgelyke uitdagings te ondervind nie, en dit is prakties om sommige geselekteerde ekonomieë in die wereld te bestudeer, ten einde belangrike punte en mikpunte oor hoe Suid-Afrika vergelyk uit te beeld. Dit is noodsaaklik dat die konteks en natuur van die probleme huidiglik, verstaan word, deur die verlede te ondersoek. Die oplossings wat toegepas word moet suksesvol die nagelate erfenis addresseer, of die oplossings kortermyn en onvoldoende sal wees. Baie het gebeur na 1994 en dit is beide van 'n makro-ekonomiese sowel as die sosio-ekonomiese perspektief ondersoek. Om vas te stel of Suid-Afrika op die regte koers is, word die sleutel punte geintegreer met die vordering tot op datum. Die geidentifiseerde tekortkomminge word voorgelê as aanbevelings.
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Gidi, Banele Anthony. "Developing assessment criteria for successful poverty alleviation with special reference to the Nomzamo Special Care Centre." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1601.
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While this study is partly theoretical it includes an exploratory case study in which theoretical insights are applied. In the theoretical part of this study, criteria for a successful poverty alleviation project were developed, guided by sustainability theory and complexity theory. It was proposed that researchers could assess existing projects according to these criteria to show where they were successful and where they could improve. The second part of this research consists of a case study, where an actual poverty alleviation project (The Nomzamo Special Care Centre, Peddie, Eastern Cape) was assessed according to the criteria developed in the first part. For this exploratory case study a non-random sample of 9 participants was drawn from the Nomzamo Special Care Centre and other stakeholders in the Ngqushwa Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation and interviews. The results obtained from analysis indicate that project members particularly experience challenges pertaining to financial resources, infrastructure and maintenance. It is recommended that project members receive assistance from the government departments in order for the project to remain sustainable.
21
Chifon, Godlove Ngek. "The role of sustainable tourism in poverty alleviation in South Africa : a case study of the Spier tourism initiative." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8395_1304680791.
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In South Africa, poverty engendered by the apartheid regime has long been part of the fabric of the economy. Against this background of social marginalisation, material deprivation and individual vulnerability, tourism has over the years increasingly been mooted as a strategically important and lucrative sector that, if fully explored and exploited, would lead to sustained poverty alleviation in the Republic of South Africa. The central aim of this study was to establish whether tourism as evident in the Spier Tourism model is a sustainable poverty-reduction strategy. The specific objectives of this study were to examine the socio-economic impact of Spier tourism initiatives on its workers (previously disadvantaged individuals) and the local population, to assess the pro-poor tourism practices as implemented by Spier in relation to Rogerson&rsquo
s pro-poor approach, to identify the challenges that Spier is facing in its pro-poor tourism approach with respect to poverty reduction goals, to provide recommendations on how the challenges can be met most effectively and to examine how pro-poor tourism can be promoted and enhanced in South Africa. The study employed both the qualitative and quantitative research designs. Data were collected through different qualitative and quantitative techniques (in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaire). Summary findings indicate that Spier has positively contributed to the socio-economic improvement in the living standards (contribution to livelihood &ndash
increased income, enhanced health and food status), through job creation, improved education/healthcare, empowerment through training and skill development, investment in the corporate social responsibility. However, Spier is still grappling with challenges such as racial disputes, insufficient income of employees and unqualified staff to mention a few. This study makes several recommendations which are based on the findings.
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Nicola, Rui Miguel de Morais Zamith. "Social policy design and assessment : the choice of an equivalence scale for the assessment of efficacy and efficiency on poverty reduction based on the portuguese social insertion income." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2230.
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Masters on Economics and Social PolicyIncome redistributive social policies aiming to reduce inequality and poverty have been submitted to more regular and in-depth analysis and assessment within the EU and OECD. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the consequences of assessing income support social policy measures using internationally defined equivalence scales instead of using the nationally defined equivalence scale embedded in each measure. The dissertation addresses two main questions: 1) what are the effects of assessing redistributive social policies with equivalence scales different from the ones incorporated in the respective policy measures? 2) would the assessment of redistributive social policies improve, in terms of poverty eradication and efficiency indicators, if the equivalence scales used for policy design and implementation and for evaluation are the same? On a first section of this text the conceptual and methodological framework regarding the assessment of redistributive policies is presented, focusing on the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke indicators and the efficiency model of Beckerman. Afterwards, the main characteristics of EU-SILC data and the rules for accessing the Portuguese Social Insertion Income (SII) are briefly considered. This redistributive program will be used on simulations with different equivalence scales. Thereafter, a theoretical policy measure incorporating the main operating logic of SII and a poverty eradicating goal is envisaged, simulated and discussed. Finally, bearing in mind the initial questions, the results are discussed and indications for future research are considered.
As políticas sociais de redistribuição de rendimento que contribuem para a redução da desigualdade e/ou da pobreza têm vindo a ser objecto de análises e avaliações mais regulares e aprofundadas no quadro das actividades da UE e na OCDE. O objectivo desta dissertação é o de investigar as consequências de avaliar as medidas de política social de apoio ao rendimento com recurso a escalas de equivalência definidas internacionalmente e que diferem das escalas de equivalência incorporadas nas respectivas medidas desenhadas no plano nacional. A dissertação procura responder a duas questões: (1) quais os efeitos de avaliar políticas redistributivas com a utilização de escalas de equivalência diferentes das que estão presentes nas próprias medidas de política? (2) a utilização de escalas de equivalência idênticas para o desenho e a avaliação das políticas redistributivas melhora a sua avaliação, em termos de indicadores de pobreza, eficiência e eficácia? Na primeira parte da dissertação expõem-se os aspectos conceptuais e as opções metodológicas associadas à avaliação de políticas redistributivas, recorrendo aos indicadores Foster-Greer-Thorbecke e ao modelo de eficiência de Beckerman. De seguida, apresentam-se as principais características dos dados do EU-SILC e as regras de atribuição do RSI, que será objecto das simulações com base em diferentes escalas de equivalências. Posteriormente, ensaia-se uma medida teórica que conjugue as regras de funcionamento do RSI com um objectivo de eliminação da pobreza. Finalmente discutem-se os resultados à luz das questões iniciais e as pistas para investigação futura.
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Alebiosu, Olumide Ademola. "An investigation of integrated development planning (IDP) as a mechanism for poverty alleviation in Grahamstown in the Makana Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005517.
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Poverty among individuals, households or communities is not a static condition. There are many factors which contribute to its causes and depth. In South Africa the economic gaps imposed by the previous apartheid government aggravated economic inequalities and caused considerable disparities, which has resulted in high unemployment rates. Inequalities were also manifest in the neglect of infrastructural and service provision as well in the effective absence of independent governance among some race group. This led to a call for pro-active initiatives by the post-1994 democratic government to remedy the living condition of the previously disadvantaged people. As part of its poverty relief drive the South African government has embarked on a series of developmental initiatives in bringing infrastructure related services to the poor and to reduce the enormous prevailing backlog, with the aim of increasing community participation, improving service delivery and promoting the upliftment of the lives of poor people through the medium of local governance. This study investigated the Integrated Development Planning, which has been undertaken in Grahamstown in the Makana Municipality in the Eastern Cape to respond to the prevailing poverty and underdevelopment among the poor communities. Relying on their developmental mandate to initiate and co-ordinate all development activities within their area of jurisdiction through the IDP, the Makana Municipality has drawn up a development strategic plan in conjunction with the local communities and with other stakeholders and organisations to identify and assess development backlogs within the communities with the aim of addressing such backlogs. This study revealed from the interviews conducted with some municipal personnel and questionnaires administered to sampled residents of Grahamstown that some faces of poverty, such as unemployment and lack of access to some of the most basic of infrastructure such as, sanitation facilities, water, electricity, formal house, education, security and recreation facilities are apparent in Grahamstown. However, the Makana Municipality through, the IDP has achieved some notable feats in the provision of providing some of the basic amenities such as water, housing, electricity and sanitation albeit at a slow rate. The mechanism of delivery is hampered by bureaucratic settings within government and the ambiguity attached to some of the projects. The service and infrastructural developments targeted towards the poor and the involvement of communities in the affairs of the local government might be seen as a partially panacea for poverty alleviation in South Africa. However the capacity of the local governments to effectively carry out this developmental challenge assignment might be a new twist in the developmental challenge facing local governments in South Africa. The thesis provides an overview of the Makana Municipality IDP and the degree to which is serving as one mechanism to address poverty in the Grahamstown urban area
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Haarmann, Dirk. "From state maintenance grants 'to a new child support system: Building a policy for poverty alleviation with special reference to the financial, social, and developmental impacts." University of the Western Cape, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8410.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDState social security transfers for families existed in South Africa only in the form of state maintenance grants, which paid up to R700 to single parents. The system was not appropriate in the South African context, being racially biased and financially unsustainable. The Department of Welfare - following in principle the recommendations of the "Lund report" - introduced with effect from 1 April 1998 a child support grant which is payable to the primary care-givers of children, regardless of their family status. The level of benefit was set at RIOOper month per child for children up to the age of six (incl.). The Department declared that 48% or 3 million children should be targeted. At the same time, the SMGs are to be phased out over a three year period. This research was conducted between November 1995 and March 1998. The analysis of the different suggestions during the policy process and the final policy is based on two pillars: • A situation analysis of the living conditions of South Africa's children on the basis of a composite index. • An evaluation of policy scenarios on the basis of a microsimulation model. The index tries to give a complex picture of the living conditions of children by looking at the financial situation, housing, health, and employment opportunities of the households the children are living in. The analysis reveals that nearly 70% of South Africa's children up to the age of six (incl.) live below the poverty line as defined. A further analysis of the household structure indicates that poorer children are likely to live in larger households. The overall policy shift from a support of single parent families to children in poverty regardless of their family status is espoused. However, the microsimulation model which analyses the impact of different factors like the 'level of benefit', the 'age-cohort', the 'means-test', and the 'administrative requirements', reveals that there are still serious flaws in the current policy. Due to the fact that the means-test is based on the total household income, nearly 40% of the children living below the poverty line are excluded. In addition, the administration needs urgent attention as its capacity is the decisive factor in the success of the programme. The thesis calculates that in the next five years up to R2 billion less will be spent on poor children and the goal of reaching 3 million children will not be achieved, if the problems identified are not addressed. The thesis develops an alternative suggestion to the current policy. While microsimulation has become quite a standard procedure in the analysis of social policies in industrialised countries, there is so far no application in developing countries. It is hoped that by taking this policy analysis as a case-study, this thesis is a step towards the introduction of this method here. Microsimulation models provide important information to enhance the transparency and accountability of policy processes. In this case, civil society was able to challenge Government's decision on a very informed basis, to put pressure on decision makers successfully, and to make workable alternative suggestions. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that against Government's promise redistribution does not take place. Instead a shift towards a more neo-liberal approach in social policy is observed.
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Mbeba, Roland D. "An assessment of the impact of local economic development on urban poverty alleviation: a case of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/548.
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Local Economic Development has in recent years, gained wide spread acceptance, as a locality-based response to economic challenges. It is now firmly on the agenda of many national and local government and key international agencies. Adopting a desk study approach, reviewing extensive literature on LED, the study sought to establish the impact of LED strategy employed by Buffalo City Municipality, and assess the extent to which it has alleviated poverty. The study shows that the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) LED strategy has limited impact on poverty alleviation due to a myriad of factors, which reinforce and interact with each other thereby limiting development and trapping residents in poverty. The thesis argues that there is significant room for a paradigm shift from predominantly pro-growth to pro-poor LED, and the need to adopt a comprehensive LED strategy that seeks to include of both pro-growth and pro-poor strategies. Both cannot operate without the other in the bid to promote development in Buffalo City, mainly with Agriculture, Tourism, and SMME having significant potential to bring about local economic development. Moreover, the promotion of Private-Public Partnerships play an integral role in the socio-economic development of Buffalo City, and more so the participation of local people is even more fundamental, which will give them the opportunity to take charge of their own development. Therefore, the study suggests a new LED agenda, which is pro-poor, holistic, and moves away from ‘piecemeal’ project based LED activities, and adopts comprehensive economic programmes so that LED has significant impact on poverty alleviation.
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Mase, Blossom Bukelwa. "An assessment of the child support grant as a poverty alleviation intervention in South Africa: the case of Mdantsane township in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/299.
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There were different kinds of imbalances that were created by the past regime in which race and colour were determining factors in terms of access to state welfare. The State Maintance Grant was one of the state welfare interventions where African women did not even know how or where to access the grant. When the Child Support Grant was introduced in 1998 it gave hope to the vulnerable section of the society, the children. The CSG is one of the poverty alleviation programs introduced by the government to target the poverty stricken children of South Africa. This is a means tested program which not all children are to benefit but a certain portion of the society. There are special conditions attached to the grant which require to be fulfilled. These conditions require the child to be fed, clothed, immunized, school needs be paid, and have proper accommodation. This study made use of the Mdantsane Township which is 25 km away from East London city centre as a case study to determine whether the CSG has managed to achieve its objective of relieving poverty among children, given the conditions of poverty and unemployment in Mdantsane. The findings of this study indicate that the people of Mdantsane are still in poverty and the most affected sections remain the children. The respondents indicate that the people are unemployed as a result the CSG seems to be the source of livelihood in these households leaving the children at a disadvantage as the grant is intended for x their own needs. Therefore there is a need to investigate whether the CSG has any impact on the lives of these children. Also since Eastern Cape is known to be one of the poorest provinces, it is important to investigate whether the CSG has become the source of livelihood in some households.
27
Mutshinyali, I. P. "A critique on the implementation of the housing policy through housing projects as a means to alleviate homelessness and poverty in the Northern Province, with specific reference to the Mhinga Housing Project." Thesis, University of the North, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2156.
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Tischenko, Igor. "Rural Industrialization: Integrated and Sustainable Solutions for Poverty Reduction in Rural China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/583.
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China has achieved unprecedented economic growth and consequent successes in poverty alleviation over the past three decades of economic liberalization and market-oriented reforms. Yet, in order to continue its progress in poverty reduction, while addressing pressing environmental and sociopolitical concerns, it is crucial for China’s leaders to achieve and sustain green, equitable, and robust economic performance in all parts of China. This thesis argues that a reconceptualized and strengthened rural industrialization program would enable China to maintain economic growth and assist with the transition to a domestically driven consumer economy. Moreover, rural industrialization, coupled with targeted administrative and institutional policy modifications, will enable the Chinese government to provide support to millions of its rural poor, thus avoiding social instability and potentially severe internal conflicts. Such a program would also lessen pollution and its associated costs on China’s densely populated cities, by shifting heavy urban industries to relatively less contaminated areas while adopting cleaner, environmentally sustainable technologies, introduced in a participatory manner in consultation with local communities. This approach would concurrently address regional, rural-to-urban, and intra-communal disparities, provide opportunity for “green growth” initiatives, and better equip rural populations to address growing vulnerabilities as a result of climate change.
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Pillay, Vasanti. "Evaluation of the impact of the integrated food and nutrition programme in Kungwini." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29007.
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The poor in South Africa encounter many obstacles that impact negatively on their wellbeing. These include high rates of unemployment and a lack of financial and material resources. The poor living in informal settlements dwell in conditions that have an adverse impact on family health, due to malnutrition and food insecurity. Post 1994, many poverty alleviation programmes, including the Integrated Food and Nutrition Programme (IFNP) sought to improve the lives of the poor. The objective of the IFNP was to address poverty in Kungwini by increasing household food and income to enable poor households to attain a better standard of living. The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether the IFNP had achieved its objective to reduce poverty in Kungwini and whether programme implementation was effective. Social development, a process of planned social change to promote the well-being of the population, including economic development, formed the theoretical base for the research study. Social development aims to link the promotion of human welfare and economic development, and to make development socially relevant. Policies and programmes such as the IFNP aim to enhance people’s welfare and contribute to economic development. The literature study included the impact of global and national poverty on poor households in terms of poverty levels and unemployment. Gender discrimination and the social marginalization of vulnerable groups which include children, the youth, the aged and the disabled poor, social justice for the poor and the gap between the formal and informal sectors informed the research process. The crucial need for collaborative partnerships to address poverty issues is stressed, including the involvement of the poor in policy processes that impact on their wellbeing and the importance of reviewing policy implementation processes through regular programme evaluation. Poverty challenges include skills development for employment; food security; and policy reforms to ensure effective service delivery. Appropriate skills development should be identified in consultation with the poor. It is imperative that policy makers are equipped with adequate policy development skills to develop stakeholder participation. Efficient communication between relevant departments and community organisations will maintain the collaborative partnership. Public policy implementation and project management remain inter-dependent processes. Public poverty policies are based on the specific Department’s focus. Consequently, fragmented services are rendered by various public sectors, targeting the similar beneficiaries. The IFNP is evaluated against essential policy requirements to create an enabling service delivery environment and programme coordination. This includes good governance, transparency, public participation, and sustainable policy implementation. Achieving a balance between effective service delivery; adequate resources, and efficient monitoring and evaluation processes highlight the principles of successful poverty policies. Evaluation research with a combined qualitative and quantitative research approach was utilized to gather data to evaluate the impact of the IFNP to reduce poverty in Kungwini. The collective case study design was used for the qualitative research and data was collected through focus group interviews. A questionnaire was the data collection method for the quantitative research. The research results indicated that the IFNP’s objective to address poverty in Kungwini required interactive participation from relevant departments and community organisations. The collaborative partnership is essential to address poverty effectively. Research findings include the need to equip the poor with relevant skills for the job market, or to develop their own businesses. Youth mentoring is essential to enable the youth to pursue future goals. Small scale farmers should be trained with improved farming methods. Access to financial institutions and trading markets would improve the economic circumstances of the informal sector. Collaborative partnerships with a range of stakeholders, including the poor, would ensure effective service delivery through shared responsibilities. Service delivery should be based on achievable goals and effective communication strategies. Public policy developers require adequate policy development knowledge and policy implementation skills to ensure cost-effective policy processes. The research recommendations indicate that the Integrated Model is more cost effective than the Organizational Model to reduce poverty as it includes stakeholder involvement in policy development and policy advocacy. Maintaining communication between relevant departments and community organizations remain key policy requirements. Ensuring personnel training in practical project management skills is an essential policy necessity. Appropriate skills development should be identified in consultation with the poor. Efficient communication between relevant departments and community organizations will maintain the collaborative partnership. Policy implementation processes should be regularly reviewed to address policy constraints. Personnel training include policy and practical project management skills to ensure transparency and cost-effective service delivery. Addressing policy constraints through alternative policy options will ensure programmes are on track to achieve policy goals and objectives.Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted
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dubeck, owen. "Alleviating Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2164.
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While most of the world has been able to dramatically reduce extreme poverty rates, Sub-Saharan Africa has failed to do so and is the only region in the world with more people living in extreme poverty than thirty years ago. This thesis will develop a policy framework for alleviating poverty by drawing from countries that are performing surprisingly well and poorly in the region. The thesis concludes with an analysis of whether education, health, or agricultural sectors should be receiving more or less funding based on expected rates of return and the feasibility of policy successes.
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Ley, Debora. "Sustainable development, climate change, and renewable energy in rural Central America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:90ce7966-ad99-4bcc-9192-001712ca03f1.
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Can rural renewable energy projects simultaneously meet the multiple goals of sustainable development, climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation? If so, under what conditions? Rural communities throughout Latin America have increasingly suffered the impacts of climate change and few policies exist to help them adapt to these impacts. The basic infrastructure and services that they frequently lack can be provided by low carbon technologies, potentially funded by international carbon finance flows that could enable the Millennium Development Goals of economic growth and poverty alleviation to be met while minimizing carbon emissions. This research will focus on this interrelationship among development, climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation policies and practices using political ecology to analyse community renewable energy projects in rural Central America. I assess fifteen community-owned renewable energy projects in Guatemala and Nicaragua to analyse whether current renewable energy projects are achieving these goals in an integrated way. The projects were established primarily as development, emissions reductions, climate change adaptation and disaster relief. The projects are evaluated on economic, development and climate change indicators that include sustainable development, poverty alleviation, emissions reductions, and climate vulnerability. I examine how the type of common property governance, local historical and environmental background and project implementation process influence the project success in meeting multiple objectives of climate adaptation, mitigation and development. Research methods include participatory poverty assessment techniques, semi-structured interviews, stakeholder analysis, and a combination of rapid and participatory methods. The analysis of sustainable development and vulnerability used the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach methodologies and emissions reductions were calculated using standard carbon reduction methodologies. The results show that, under certain conditions, renewable energy projects can simultaneously meet these three objectives, and thus that responses to climate change can be integrated with poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Small scale hydroelectric and solar systems can reduce emissions, enable adaptation and help local livelihoods although there are numerous problems that limit the success of projects including poor design, inequitable distribution of benefits, and poorly designed governance and maintenance structures.
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Ngan, Ching-ching Dora, and 顔菁菁. "Alleviating poverty of rural landless women: paths taken by Bangladesh and the Philippines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195229X.
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艶, 陳., and Yan Chen. "中国農村部における貧困削減の政策と実態に関する研究." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13100568/?lang=0, 2019. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13100568/?lang=0.
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本研究は中国農村部における貧困問題、特に2000年代以降の南西部少数民族地域の貧困と経済発展、および政府の貧困削減政策について研究するものである。世界銀行や中国国家統計局などの公的機関が公開したデータ、および研究対象地域で収集された農家家計や地域経済発展に関するデータを用いて、農村貧困の実態、政府による「精準扶貧」政策の実施と効果、少数民族地域貧困地域の生活と貧困、および自力で貧困状況を改善した地域の事例について分析した。This study sheds a light on the poverty issues in rural China from the 2000s, with a specific focus on the poverty and economic development in ethnic areas in south-western China, and the poverty alleviation policies implemented by the government. Utilizing the data published by organizations such as World Bank and National Bureau of Statistics of China, and the data collected from the research area, the following research questions are discussed: the actual conditions of poverty in rural China; the implementation and the effect of the governmental poverty alleviation policy, named Targeted Poverty Relief Strategy (jingzhun fupin); the livelihood and poverty of ethnic minorities living in deprived area; and the case study of a region which has lifted themselves out of poverty.
博士(現代アジア研究)
Doctor of Philosophy in Contemporary Asian Studies
同志社大学
Doshisha University
34
Sanzida, Baten Cassia. "Participatory forestry in Bangladesh : agroforestry projects, policy and poverty alleviation." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370256&T=F.
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Lai, Hung-sheng, and 賴宏昇. "The Implementation Assessment Study of Poverty Alleviation Policy in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37604714948670489000.
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博士中國文化大學
中山與中國大陸研究所博士班
103
To fight with poverty have been an important goal of many governments’ administration. Traditional public assistance, drawing largely on the income maintenance strategy, seemed ineffective in tackling the poverty problems. In recent years, the assets accumulation theory has been adopt to assist needy people and carried out some experimental programs in Taiwan. Those experimental programs showed some effects on helping needy people for eradicating poverty. However, any policy and system are unable to avoid the restriction on the structure and effects while it meets different society cultures. Thus, we should examine whether the assets accumulation welfare theory suit for Taiwan and how would it develop in the future. This project is going to explore and organize the policy maker and practitioner’s experience and opinions to suggest the eradicating poverty poicy in Taiwan. The conclusions of this study are that the Social Assistance Act amendments firmed the poverty alleviation policy, the administration system still lack of case management while implementation, low-income households who were out of poverty via the programs were not in a high rate due to welfare dependency. Then, there are some limits of implementation including lacking of funds and manpower, some implementation limits were not overcame, the low coverage of programs and services,etc.. Thus, the study suggest that provides multivariate strategy to increase the ability of service users, enhancing case management services, enriching the resources of funds of programs, and strengthen the service integration system , etc..
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Gebert, Rita Ingrid. "Exchange and environment : local officials and poverty alleviation policy in South India." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/119327.
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This thesis examines the local development officials’ implementation in Tamil Nadu of a rural
poverty alleviation policy--the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP)--using resource exchange
theory. Resource exchange has not been used previously in the context of local administration. I argue,
however, that it offers a good explanation of the local administrator’s allocation of policy resources
because it sees this allocation in terms of his political and socio-economic environment. The official’s
environment in the community development block gives rise to many, sometimes conflicting, demands
for the resources under his control (thus severely his time). He exchanges policy resources with the
resource rich to satisfy as many of these demands as possible, and to gain valuable resources in return,
such as help in implementing other policies. By exchanging resources the administrator more easily
satisfies demands for resource allocations from politicians (who have some control over administrative
transfers and promotions), and from senior administrators who want program targets achieved.
Importantly, he also minimises the time he needs to spend with each policy.
I argue that the current, "management-style" development policy and administration literature,
which also reflects the attitudes of many senior administrators in India, is both a historical and
a contextual. Its authors fail to explain the local official’s implementation of rural development policy,
largely because they view him as acting either "pathologically" or "irrationally," rather than as responding
as best he can to the most important demands arising from his environment.
In terms of IRDP, which seeks to raise people’s incomes above the "poverty line" through
subsidised loans for "productive assets," the block officials have of necessity ignored most of its time consuming
rules of implementation. They have met IRDP’s targets by trading a large percentage of its
resources to "loan brokers" who choose the program beneficiaries and complete program minutiae for the
officials in exchange for other administratively-controlled resources. These brokers, many of whom have
profited handsomely from IRDP, are little concerned with the poor beneficiaries’ welfare, and the latter
have seldom benefited from taking ERDP loans.
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Bogorogile, Gobusamang. "Limitations of the national policy on housing with respect to poverty alleviation in Botswana." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4825.
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ABSTRACT
This paper describes the limitations of the housing policy in Botswana when dealing with
poverty alleviation. Botswana is faced with high levels of poverty that does not conform
to the country’s economic success since independence. Very few opportunities exist for
the urban poor to earn a living and work themselves out of poverty. Efforts to address
poverty in the past yielded mixed results and failed the urban poor more especially that
the interventions were biased towards rural areas. Evidence has been provided that
housing has a critical role to play in poverty alleviation. The Government of Botswana
has put in place housing projects (one of which is used for this enquiry) through which
poverty can be addressed alongside other human needs such as shelter. An enabling
environment has to be created for the successful exploitation of housing for poverty
alleviation. It is therefore imperative that the government ensures the existence of such an environment.
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Senanuch, Puchong. "An Investigation into the Policy for Urban Poverty Alleviation in Thailand Through the Study of Urban Slum Communities." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1982.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)ABSTRACT It is estimated that there are currently 3.9 million people living in urban poverty in Thailand, without the existence of an effective social assistance safety-net. This thesis presents an analysis of Thai governments’ urban poverty alleviation policy. The central aim of the thesis is to question whether Thai government policy on urban poverty alleviation can be effective for the poor and the poorest in urban slum communities. Qualitative methods are used, supported by documentary research, and the author’s own experience of being a community development worker and researcher in the urban slums of Thailand over a period of 18 years. I have endeavoured to elicit information from the range of stakeholders engaged with contemporary urban poverty alleviation policy in Bangkok. Thus the research includes the perspectives of policy makers, the poor, and the poorest. I distinguish between these latter two groups by describing those who have access to some government provision for the urban poor and those who are excluded from such provision. I interviewed 18 policy makers, 15 community savings groups committee members, and 65 of the excluded poorest. I investigated the development of policy relating to the urban poor through an analysis of key government reports and documents. I examined all of the government policy documents relating to policies for urban poverty alleviation and the Thai Governments’ five year National Economic and (later) Social Development Plans from 1961 to 2006. I also analysed each of the fifty four Government statements on their policies to the National Assembly covering this period. This research produced two major new vehicles for understanding and interpreting Thai government urban poverty alleviation policy. First, the policy document research enabled me to construct a critical account of the historical development of policy relating to the urban poor, particularly those in slum communities. Second, the interviews produced a unique view of the often desperate lives lived by some Thai citizens who are part of communities residing in what is estimated as 2,000 slums in Thailand. This view is seen through the eyes of both the urban poor and the policy makers. I found attitudes of the policy makers towards the urban poor contain a number of diverse stances, both negative and positive. The Government’s preferred way of helping, previously by housing improvements, and recently by promoting credit and loan schemes with a low interest rate to strengthen community-based organisations and emphasise self-reliance, does help some of the poor; it also excludes others. An important discussion in the thesis is about self-reliance. This is widely referred to by all stakeholders-from HM The King, through leading thinkers including Buddhist scholars, to the poorest in the slum communities. I analyse what such a concept means to each of these groups. I have found there may be little agreement, either on what is being spoken about, or what the implications of self-reliance are for helping Thailand’s poorest citizens. The thesis is also concerned with how to improve the situations of the poor. There is therefore a review of some curricula relating to the training of social/community workers to assess how well students are prepared for their work. The conclusions make some practical recommendations for change at a policy level, via civil society, and in professional education. The direct education and training of the poor is seen as crucial to any substantial improvements. My own experience, producing the thesis in a western country, is included throughout. This is in order to reflect on my learning and the challenges of researching within and outside the Thai social structure.
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Majola, C. H. "Local economic development initiatives and urban poverty alleviation in the City of Johannesburg." Thesis, 2014.
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"Poverty alleviation in South Africa : can government fiscal expenditure on social services make a difference?" Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1888.
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This study examines how the South African government's expenditure on social services
impacts on the poverty levels in the country. To provide a background on poverty,
different concepts and views on the subject are reviewed and then the nature and
distribution of poverty in South Africa are discussed.
In post-apartheid South Africa, the thrust of macroeconomic framework and
corresponding policies implemented by the democratic government have been geared
towards poverty alleviation, employment creation and national output expansion
(economic growth). This study examines the trends in government expenditure on social
services and uses econometric analyses to further investigate the effects of government
spending on social services on the poverty levels in South Africa.
Economic growth and employment opportunities will have to exist and complement
fiscal redistribution to enable the poor lift themselves out of poverty in the long run.
Improved targeting methods that correctly identify the poor could also ensure that social
spending reaches the intended poor, thus narrowing the gap between macro policies and
the poor, and preventing a waste of resources.
Various poverty alleviation measures have been implemented, of which redistribution
through the budgetary policy is an important one. As part of its package towards
addressing the poverty problem, the post-apartheid government in South Africa has
consistently been injecting considerable amounts of resources on inter alia, education,
housing, welfare and health services. The initial results indicate that fiscal redistribution
on its own is inadequate in combating poverty in South Africa. Models that incorporate
economic growth and unemployment show that expenditure on social services do impact
on poverty alleviation, in particular expenditure on housing, education and welfare.
Further regression analyses show that poverty can be tackled through economic growth
and employment creation. In short, there cannot be significant fiscal redistribution unless
the South African economy registers high levels of economic growth and job creation.Thesis (M.Comm.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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Buthelezi, Thabani. "An investigation of factors contributing to dropping out of school in KwaZulu-Natal : policy implications for poverty alleviation." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2085.
Full textAbstract:
Contrary to many efforts by the new South African government in its commitment to widen
access to educational opportunities and the provision of a free education for all, dropping out
of school episodes remain a major threat to the gains of the past nines years in the new South
Africa.
Using the second wave of 'Transitions to Adulthood in the Context of Aids in South Africa'
dataset, this dissertation investigates dropping out of school episodes. A dropout refers to an
adolescent who discontinued his/her education before completing grade 12. In particular the
study investigates the major determinants of dropouts. Reasons cited for dropping out of
school varies from economic, individual, social and school based. It was found that the major
contributor to the dropping out of school episodes in KwaZulu-Natal is poverty. Hence the
impact of poverty is widely acknowledged as being among the most serious problems facing
post-apartheid South Africa.
It is against this backdrop that this dissertation seeks an immediate response by government to
invest in human capital, particularly in education, as means to alleviate poverty. The
government among others therefore should recommit itself in providing and funding
education for all. Both access and opportunities to schooling need to be widened.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, 2003.
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Cortemiglia, Andrea. "Involving informally housed communities in shaping local government policies aimed at poverty alleviation: a South African perspective." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1987.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis discusses the involvement of informally housed communities in shaping local government policies aimed at poverty alleviation. Involving the poor in the design of anti-poverty policies at local level is regarded as an invaluable opportunity that should be used by municipal governments to make poverty alleviation efforts more demand-driven and therefore more relevant to the people they are meant to benefit. The argument is that because the poor know about poverty first-hand, they would be in a position to revive local government's capacity to respond effectively to their needs. But this does not come without a price. Because of the complexity of public management, participative democracy is liable to slow down the process of governance. It may also become advantageous to the interests of some people or groups of people at the expense of others if attention is not paid to the representation and consideration of all the voices in the community–to name two drawbacks. For this reason, it is essential to the realization of an effective bottom-up approach to anti-poverty policy-making that certain conditions are in existence and practical issues of involvement are worked through. Accordingly, it is the intention of this study to focus on two particular areas (conditions and practical issues that would facilitate the process of involving informally housed communities in the design of local government policies that affect their lives), which are investigated with particular reference to the South African context. Drawing upon a series of field surveys and a broad selection of relevant works of scholars from both the international and local scene, the picture that emerges is that there needs to be a proper level of government's commitment, capacity and legally binding responsibility coupled with a healthy degree of community's motivation, ability and organizational capacity in order to involve the poor in local governance efficiently. The study has also found that there needs to be proper forms of involvement (the most relevant of which are identified as an ombudsman, public meetings and residents' committees) that are to be employed with attention to such issues as stakeholders to be engaged, degree of participation, timing of involvement and topics for which public debate may be sought.Development Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)
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Ko, I.-Chia, and 柯宜家. "The operation and challenges of the \"Targeted poverty alleviation\" Policy in the Mainland: A case study in Southwest China." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ew4zvj.
Full text
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Bila, Aniceto Timóteo. "The role of non-farm sources of income in rural poverty alleviation in the Boane disrict of Mozambique." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24900.
Full textAbstract:
Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this documentDissertation (M Inst Agrar (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
unrestricted
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Yingi, Listen. "An investigation of land reform and poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe, 1990-2010 : the case of Chikomati and Dungwe villages in Mwenezi District." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1688.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. A. ( Sociology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014.Land reform is one of the heavily contested issues the world over as reflected in the literature discussion. It is an indisputable fact that land is crucial for human survival across cultures, races, gender, and beliefs. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of land reform on poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe, Mwenezi district in Chikomati and Dungwe villages. The problem which was under investigation was, ‘why is poverty seemed not to be alleviated/reduced despite the era of land reform?’ The impact of land reform on poverty alleviation was pointed out. The respondents were selected through snowballing (one potential respondent leads to the other respondent) and the data was collected through focus group discussions. The analysis was done through thematic analysis. The research found out that land reform alone cannot alleviate the expected fraction of poverty in any country in general and Zimbabwe in particular. There is need for all sectors of the economy to join hands in order to alleviate poverty, for example, education, health, agriculture, finance, and many more. Swathes of land alone had proved that it is not enough to reduce poverty unless underpinned with other sectors. Rapid reforms are needed in social, economic, and political spheres in order for land reform programme to deliver positive results to the beneficiaries and the whole economy at large. Facts on the ground in Zimbabwe are that mere distribution of land cannot on its own alleviate poverty, but the fact remains that land reform is an irreplaceable arrow in poverty reduction.
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Madlopha, Fikisiwe Beatrice. "An integrated strategic approach to the implementation and management of poverty alleviation programmes in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10542.
Full text
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"Computerised general equilibrium (CGE) modelling of the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth, income redistribution and poverty alleviation in South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3768.
Full textAbstract:
D.Comm.This thesis endeavoured to assess whether the government can simultaneously achieve the objectives of sustained economic growth, income redistribution and fiscal discipline, as stated in the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) policy. The simultaneous realisation of these objectives of the GEAR policy brings about controversies between the South African government and other interest groups, such as the trade unions and some academics. Empirical analysis such as econometrics and computerised general equilibrium (hereafter referred to as CGE) techniques were used in an attempt to solve the research question. The Kalman filter technique was applied to model total factor productivity and to establish the link between social services expenditure and economic growth in South Africa. The structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) technique was applied to assess the dynamics of fiscal shocks on output growth and determine the type of taxes that are distortionary in financing the increase in social services expenditure. The study’s main contribution is the application of the CGE technique to assess whether the above three objectives can be reached simultaneously. A new CGE model was built, based on the standard CGE model by Thurlow and Van Seventer (2002). In the new CGE model, some taxes were changed to endogenous variables instead of exogenous variables or parameters as in the standard model. The model introduced a number of government macro closure rules to clear the government balance. The research lead to the following conclusion: When constraints on employment are removed across all the labour categories in South Africa, and the government uses compositional shift of its expenditure to finance the continual increase in social services expenditure, the three objectives, namely fair redistribution of iv income, fiscal discipline and sustained economic growth, will be reached simultaneously. It is recommended that the government fix conditions in the labour market to remove impediments to employment in South Africa (such as lack of appropriate skills for specific activities), as this will enable the government to achieve most of its objectives.
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Seshoene, Molimisi Evans. "Sustainability of poverty relief projects: an evaluative case study of Madumeleng Community Bread Making Project in Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/584.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Dev.)-- University of Limpopo, 2011.Sustainability of poverty relief projects: an evaluative case study of Madumeleng community bread making project in Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province This mini-dissertation was conducted on a community poverty alleviation project that was implemented by government through the Department of Social Development at Madumeleng village. Madumeleng is a village in Bolobedu(Modjadji) under the Greater Letaba Municipality in Mopani District. The Greater Letaba Municipality is one of the rural municipalities in the district of Mopani. The project was identified by the community members as a flagship towards addressing poverty within the village and eventually in the municipal area. The project was initiated by a group of women who started as volunteers. Their objective was to make the project big and viable within the society. The women had wishes also that the project should eventually create more jobs for the community members and thereby contribute in alleviating poverty and unemployment. The above resonates well with the objective of government and in particular the Department of Social Development in funding these projects. The study was ignited by the fact that after all the efforts by government to provide funding and ensure that the project members are capacitated, still the project collapsed. The project could not last longer than it was expected and this was the main reason for the study. The study should contribute in surmounting some factors which might have contributed into the collapse of the project. Government should also be able to draw lessons from the study to improve on the approach when they fund future projects.
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"Does Mixed-Income Housing Facilitate Upward Social Mobility of Low-Income Residents? The Case of Vineyard Estates, Phoenix, AZ." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18092.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Mixed-income housing policy has been an approach to address the problem of concentrated poverty since the 1990s. The idea of income mix in housing is founded on the proposition that economic opportunities of the poor can be expanded through the increasing of their social capital. The current in-depth case study of Vineyard Estates, a mixed-income housing development in Phoenix, AZ tests a hypothesis that low-income people improve their chances of upward social mobility by building ties with more affluent residents within the development. This study combines qualitative and quantitative methods to collect and analyze information including analysis of demographic data, resident survey and in-depth semi-structured interviews with residents, as well as direct observations. It focuses on examining the role of social networks established within the housing development in generating positive economic outcomes of the poor. It also analyzes the role of factors influencing interactions across income groups and barriers to upward social mobility. Study findings do not support that living in mixed-income housing facilitates residents' upward social mobility. The study concludes that chances of upward social mobility are restrained by structural factors and indicates a need to rethink the effectiveness of mixed-income housing as an approach for alleviating poverty.Dissertation/Thesis
M.U.E.P. Urban and Environmental Planning 2013
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Ntuli, Lungile Celumusa Faith. "The impact of a community based tourism project on poverty alleviation : a case study of the Isithumba Adventure Tourism village." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10478.
Full textAbstract:
The study outlines the impact a community based tourism project has on poverty
alleviation in Isithumba. Isithumba Adventure Tourism village is the case analysed in
this study. This community based tourism project has been developed in KwaZuluNatal,
a place called Isithumba found in KwaXimba Tribal Authority outside Durban.
The rationale behind the study is to determine whether the Isithumba community
based project had a positive impact, negative impact or no impact on the standards of
living of the KwaXimba community. This has been achieved through the use of
interviews conducted by the researcher in terms of which a survey questionnaire was
used to obtain information from the respondents in one hundred households covered
by the study. A supplementary questionnaire was also formulated to obtain
background information from people who were employed in the project and other key
informants.
In this regard, the quantitative study was chosen to express in numerical values and to
analyze what the studied community feels about the project and its impact on their
lives. The study concluded that the project, which was perceived by the community to
bring about positive economic, socio-cultural and environmental impact, has
produced lower results than anticipated. Those who had been directly involved have
witnessed positive impact in the form of job creation, entrepreneurial opportunities
and skills development. However, the rest of the local community did not find the
project beneficial to them. The researcher therefore concluded that community based
tourism projects, if well managed and properly planned, could have positive impact
on the local communities, but in this case, the impact was minimal.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.