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Journal articles on the topic 'Povertà relativa'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

D’Ambrosio, Maria, and Giovanni Laino. "Educatori come designer degli spazi perFormativi. Asili nido come ‘fabbriche' di cittadinanza e innovazione sociale." WELFARE E ERGONOMIA, no. 1 (June 2020): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/we2020-001005.

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Il saggio apre uno spazio di riflessione sul tema della povertà educativa attraverso una pro-posta teorica e metodologica che investe le politiche e i servizi per l'infanzia di un ruolo stra-tegico nel ridisegno di un ecosistema territoriale in grado di qualificare in chiave pedagogica gli spazi e le attività rivolte ai minori e alla genitorialità. Una qualità pedagogica che passa per i professionisti dell'educazione, quindi per la loro formazione e per la loro postura da ricercatori in situazione, e anche per una pianificazione urbanistica strategica in grado di coniugarsi con una ‘visione' di città che contenga l'idea di spazio urbano e di relativa comu-nità educante, attenta alla complessità delle dinamiche che producono diseguaglianze, mar-ginalità e le molte forme di povertà. In questo senso, e recuperando una responsabilità istitu-zionale connessa alla responsabilità di ciascun professionista, il saggio fa emergere anche quanto pensato e sperimentato nell'attuazione del progetto IRIS (Interventi per Riqualificare e Innovare la Scuola) riferito agli asili nido e ai servizi per l'infanzia del Comune di Napoli. Politiche socio-educative e politiche urbane vengono lette come strumenti per connettere e articolare in chiave pedagogica, emancipativa, trasformativa, le azioni strutturali e integrate in grado di rispondere ai bisogni dell'infanzia e al ruolo dei professionisti dell'educazione, perché proprio a partire da questi professionisti si possa nutrire e potenziare la loro capacità/necessità di partecipazione alla vita e alla costruzione-rigenerazione dei legami sociali/territoriali, in chiave di contrasto alla povertà educativa. Si tratta cioè di recuperare per le professioni socio-educative e per i decisori istituzionali e i pianificatori delle politiche e dei servizi educativi, quella ‘sensibilità' e quella operosità, e quindi quella Vita Activa, rintraccia-ta dalla Arendt (1958) come specifica della condizione umana. Una condizione, quella sensi-bile e activa, quindi altamente interattiva e partecipativa, che ciascuno è chiamato a recupe-rare e a nutrire, proprio attraverso una qualità del gesto e della pratica educante che va ben oltre gli ‘spazi' destinati all'educazione. "L'educazione non è un'isola", sosteneva Jerome Bruner (1996), e in questo senso le politiche e i servizi educativi si devono riconnettere a una più estesa e complessa cultura dell'educazione che emerge proprio dalle dinamiche urbane, sociali, culturali, e trova nello spazio extra-quotidiano dell'educativo una possibilità concreta di innovazione e di nuova traiettoria. La qualità (pedagogica) dei servizi educativi in un qua-dro istituzionale di Welfare, è dunque quella possibilità della policy di tradursi in agency e di generare innovazione sociale ovvero variazioni sul piano della povertà educativa e dei feno-meni con cui si manifesta. La qualità (pedagogica) ha necessità di prendere corpo e di farsi spazio rigenerandosi in nuove pratiche che lavorino proprio sul nesso tra corpi e spazi, e sulla loro reciproca capacità di interazione. Lo scritto è dunque attraversato da un evidente sguardo epigenetico che tiene insieme rifles-sione epistemologica e sua istanza metodologica e qualifica le pratiche educative come ‘pale-stre' di cittadinanza e di coesione sociale in chiave trasformativa e rigenerativa, sia sul piano individuale che su quello politico e delle politiche, così da far emergere la metodologia ‘em-bodied' (Bongard-Pfeifer, 2007) come approccio bio-politico al governo ‘sensibile' del ‘vivente': perché l'educazione e la politica possono insieme ridisegnare un nuovo ecosistema per il process generativo della creatura vivente/living creature (Dewey, 1934).
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2

Della Puppa, A., P. Drigo, I. Mammi, P. Amistà, R. Iavicoli, P. A. Battistella, and C. Carollo. "Angiomi cavernosi multipli cerebrali ed epatici." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 6, no. 4 (November 1993): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099300600407.

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Gli angiomi cavernosi cerebrali (ACC) sono una delle malformazioni vascolari del SNC meno frequenti. É nota peraltro la possibilità di ricorrenza familiare con modalità di trasmissione autosomica dominante. Presentiamo una famiglia italiana, seguita lungamente nel tempo, in cui 10 soggetti in 4 generazioni presentano ACC. Il reperto cerebrale era associato ad angioma cavernoso epatico (ACE) in 2 soggetti e ad angioma cavernoso retinico (ACR) in uno. La TC, eseguita in 9 soggetti, ha dimostrato una maggior capacità rispetto alla RM di rilevare le calcificazioni spesso presenti in queste malformazioni; la RM ha evidenziato d'altra parte un numero maggiore di cavernomi, soprattutto in sede sottotentoriale. 7 pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad esame angiografico con tecnica digitale sottrattiva. In nessun caso è stata dimostrata malformazione angiomatosa di tipo artero-venoso ed in 1 solo caso è stata rilevata una lieve persistenza di contrasto nelle fasi capillare-venose. Riteniamo meritevole di segnalazione questa famiglia per: l'associazione di ACC con ACE segnalata in 1 solo caso in letteratura (Filling - Katz) e la contemporanea associazione, pur in un solo paziente, di ACR; la costante molteplicità delle lesioni cerebrali, quasi sempre presenti sia in sede sopra che sottotentoriale; il contrasto tra la povertà dei sintomi e l'imponenza del quadro radiologico e la sua variabilità espressiva nelle diverse generazioni; l'elevato numero di soggetti affetti rispetto ad altre famiglie riportate in letteratura. I rilievi clinico-radiologici nella presente casistica ed i dati riportati dalla letteratura suggeriscono la necessità di uno studio neuroradiologico complementare TC ed RM nei soggetti affetti da ACC e nei familiari. Va peraltro tenuta presente la possibilità attuale di selezionare i pazienti da sottoporre ad angiografia tradizionale sulla base dei reperti ottenibili con angio-RM. Va sottolineata infine l'opportunità di una attenta e ponderata valutazione della terapia chirurgica proposta da molti autori, data la relativa benignità del decorso clinico riscontrata nei soggetti della nostra serie casistica.
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3

Nielsen, Lynge. "Global Relative Poverty." IMF Working Papers 09, no. 93 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451872408.001.

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4

Ravallion, Martin, and Shaohua Chen. "Weakly Relative Poverty." Review of Economics and Statistics 93, no. 4 (November 2011): 1251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00127.

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5

Mehdi, Tahsin. "Poverty comparisons with common relative poverty lines." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 46, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 2029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2015.1040504.

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6

LAYTE, RICHARD, BRIAN NOLAN, and CHRISTOPHER T. WHELAN. "Targeting Poverty: Lessons from Monitoring Ireland's National Anti-Poverty Strategy." Journal of Social Policy 29, no. 4 (October 2000): 553–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400006073.

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In 1997 the Irish government adopted the National Anti-Poverty Strategy (NAPS), a global target for the reduction of poverty which illuminates a range of issues relating to official poverty targets. The Irish target is framed in terms of a relative poverty measure incorporating both relative income and direct measures of deprivation based on data on the extent of poverty from 1994. Since 1994 Ireland has experienced an unprecedented period of economic growth that makes it particularly important to assess whether the target has been achieved, but in doing so we cannot avoid asking some underlying questions about how poverty should be measured and monitored over time. After briefly outlining the nature of the NAPS measure, this article examines trends in poverty in Ireland between 1987 and 1997. Results show that the relative income and deprivation components of the NAPS measure reveal differential trends with increasing relative income poverty, but decreasing deprivation. However, this differential could be due to the fact that the direct measures of deprivation upon which NAPS is based have not been updated to take account of changes in real living standards and increasing expectations. To test whether this is so, we examine the extent to which expectations about living standards and the structure of deprivation have changed over time using confirmatory factor analysis and tests of criterion validity using different definitions of deprivation. Results show that the combined income and deprivation measure, as originally constituted, continues to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation resulting from a lack of resources.
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7

SHAW, BEVERLEY. "Poverty: absolute or relative?" Journal of Applied Philosophy 5, no. 1 (March 1988): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1988.tb00226.x.

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8

Katikireddi, S. Vittal, and Ruth Dundas. "Relative poverty still matters." Lancet Public Health 2, no. 3 (March 2017): e126-e127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30029-4.

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9

Zou, Wei, Xiaopei Cheng, Zengzeng Fan, and Chuhao Lin. "Measuring and Decomposing Relative Poverty in China." Land 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020316.

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Poverty is a critical issue in sustainable development, and the study of poverty has gradually shifted from absolute to relative poverty. This paper measures three types of relative poverty—strongly relative poverty (50% of median income), strongly relative poverty (50% of mean income), and weakly relative poverty. Then this paper decomposes the change of relative poverty into the growth component, redistribution component, and poverty line change component. Further, the intra- and inter-group decompositions of relative poverty change are carried out by considering the urban and rural population mobility components. We apply the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data from 1989 to 2015 for an empirical study. The results show that: (1) In recent years, the change in relative poverty in China has shown a trend of low fluctuation (1989–1997), rising fluctuation (1997–2006), and high fluctuation (2006–2015). (2) In the decomposition of relative poverty change, the growth component has the most excellent effect on alleviating relative poverty, the redistribution component exacerbates the occurrence of relative poverty in most years and reduces it in a few years, and the poverty line change component offsets the poverty reduction effect of the growth component. (3) The change in relative poverty is decomposed by urban and rural sub-groups, and it is found that the population mobility from rural to urban can reduce the national relative poverty.
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10

Zheng, Buhong. "Statistical inference for poverty measures with relative poverty lines." Journal of Econometrics 101, no. 2 (April 2001): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4076(00)00088-9.

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11

Sallila, Seppo, Heikki Hiilamo, and Reijo Sund. "Rethinking relative measures of poverty." Journal of European Social Policy 16, no. 2 (May 2006): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928706062500.

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12

Charlton, BruceG. "Absolute effects of relative poverty." Lancet 344, no. 8924 (September 1994): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92245-4.

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13

Anwar, Talat. "Prevalence of Relative Poverty in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 44, no. 4II (December 1, 2005): 1111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v44i4iipp.1111-1131.

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Much has been written11about poverty in Pakistan. A large number of attempts have been made by various authors/institutions to estimate the poverty in Pakistan over the last four decades. However, the conceptual basis of poverty remained limited to absolute concept of poverty. The concept of absolute poverty emphasises to estimate the cost of purchasing a minimum ‘basket’ of goods required for human survival. In Pakistan, the discussion has been centered on estimating poverty lines consistent with 2550 or 2350 calorie intake per adult per day as minimum requirement. Thus, absolute definitions of poverty tend to be minimalist and are based on subsistence and the attainment of physical efficiency. Subsistence is concerned with the minimum provision needed to maintain health and working capacity.
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14

Preston, Ian. "Sampling Distributions of Relative Poverty Statistics." Applied Statistics 44, no. 1 (1995): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2986197.

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15

Pu, Xiaomei. "Literature Review of Relative Poverty Research." Voice of the Publisher 06, no. 03 (2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/vp.2020.63008.

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16

Zain, Nada Amalia, Dini Valdiani, and Tiara Puspanidra. "REPRESENTASI SISI KEMISKINAN DALAM FILM PARASITE (ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE)." Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Ilmu Komunikasi 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jpsik.v5i2.4436.

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Parasite (Korean: Gisaengchung) is a South Korean movie directed by Bong Joon-Ho. This movie, which is presented in 2019, is a dark humor film genre filled with tense scenes and dramas. Themes of social problems or problems that occur in South Korean society, namely poverty, are also presented in this movie. This research aims to analyze the poverty of a thriller drama movie. The meaning of poverty can be observed from several scenes through the relationship between signs and semiotic meanings using Charles Sanders Peirce's model with the concept of a triangle of meaning, namely sign, object and interpretant. Qualitative research in the form of Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic analysis is used as a method in this research. Five of the entire scenes of the movie are selected as representations of poverty. The five scenes are analyzed through the relation of signs, objects and interpretant depicted in each scene. There are signs and meanings which describe poverty in several scenes in accordance with the type of poverty, namely relative poverty. The results of this study concluded that there are several scenes that represent poverty which is categorized into relative poverty as seen from the aspect of social inequality. This is because there are several characters who can make ends meet their minimum basic needs but they are still far lower than their surrounding society.
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17

Fan, Zengzeng, and Wei Zou. "A Three-Component Decomposition of the Change in Relative Poverty: An Application to China." Land 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010205.

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China has eliminated absolute poverty and begun to tackle relative poverty, yet the change in relative poverty in China has been less studied. In this paper, we develop a three-component decomposition of the change in relative poverty and apply it to analyze the relative poverty in China. The change in relative poverty is decomposed into identification, growth, and redistribution components. We compare the three-component decomposition with other decomposition methods in the existing literature and show the advantages of the former. Our study, using the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2010–2018 data, shows that relative poverty is rising. Examining the periods of 2012–2014, 2014–2016, and 2016–2018, we show that the three components differ in their contribution to relative poverty. The identification component rises with income growth and increases relative poverty by 8.42%, 12.19%, and 12.55%, respectively. The growth component reduces the incidence of relative poverty by 8.34%, 11.24%, and 12.18%, respectively. In comparison, the redistribution component increases the incidence of relative poverty by 2.88%, 1.12%, and 6.60%, respectively.
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18

Sun, Hong, Xiaohong Li, Wenjing Li, and Jun Feng. "Differences and Influencing Factors of Relative Poverty of Urban and Rural Residents in China Based on the Survey of 31 Provinces and Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 9015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159015.

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China achieved comprehensive poverty eradication under the current standards in 2020, but eliminating absolute poverty does not mean the end of poverty alleviation and reduction; relative poverty will exist for a long time and has become the subject of poverty study. In this paper, the social poverty line (SPL) index is utilized to establish the relative poverty standard, and CHFS2017 is used to compare the regional distribution of relative poverty in China. The results show that the relative poverty in rural areas is more serious than that in urban areas. The rural relative poverty rate in five provinces and cities including Beijing is over 60%, and the rural relative poverty rate in Qinghai is low. The urban relative poverty rate in many provinces and cities of the central and western regions is below 40%, and the relatively high relative poverty rate in the eastern region has drawn attention to the issue of the income distribution. Moreover, a logit model for binary is employed for the influencing factor analysis of the relative poverty of urban and rural residents. The results show that the education year has a negative effect on the relative poverty of urban and rural residents. Happiness has a positive effect on urban residents, government financial expenditure and financial support for agriculture have different effects on rural residents and urban residents. Therefore, we put forward aiming at relative poverty in the rural areas of the central and western regions to reduce financial pressure and increase the benefits of poverty reduction.
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19

Thompson, Brennan S. "Empirical Likelihood-Based Inference for Poverty Measures with Relative Poverty Lines." Econometric Reviews 32, no. 4 (April 2013): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2012.690671.

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20

Bautista, Carlos C. "Explaining Multidimensional Poverty: A Household-Level Analysis." Asian Economic Papers 17, no. 3 (October 2018): 183–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00648.

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A multidimensional poverty index is constructed for the Philippines using the Alkire-Foster methodology and data from a 2011 annual poverty indicators survey. This is disaggregated into urban and rural population groups, as well as by dimension and administrative region. At the province level, the study finds a positive relation between poverty incidence and intensity, but the highest intensity levels are experienced in areas where incidence is not that high relative to other areas. Provinces with high incomes generally have low poverty indices and the relationship appears to be nonlinear. An examination of household poverty using mixed logit analysis shows that poverty risk rises with household size. A substantial reduction of the risk is observed for households with heads who were able to matriculate high school. The household head's health status has a negative impact on the household's risk of being poor. These are contrasted with the results using the income poverty definition. Policy implications are drawn from the calculations and the econometric results.
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21

Slobodenyuk, E. D., and V. A. Anikin. "Locating the “poverty threshold” in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 28, 2018): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-1-104-127.

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The present paper focuses on identification of relative “poverty line” and a threshold of high poverty risks. The paper also studies key poverty factors in contemporary Russia. It demonstrates that the relative approach to poverty which is widely used in Western countries is applicable in Russia too. However, the relative poverty thresholds set at 0.5 and 0.75 medians per capita family income identify quite different groups of the poor. The threshold of 0.5 median income indicates deep poverty happened mostly to the unemployed workforce. The relative poverty threshold equal to 0.75 median income identifies the poverty of the elderly who are not considered as the poor by the absolute approach because pensions of Russians have been recently equalized to the subsistence level. Above all, the paper provides econometric estimates of socio-economic determinants of both absolute and relative poverty. It was revealed that the relative deep poverty of the working population was primarily caused by “bad” jobs rather than by “bad” human capital. Absolute poverty of workers is more or less determined by both factors.
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22

AZMAN, AZLINDA, JAMALLUDIN SULAIMAN, SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD, and ISMAIL BABA. "CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN POVERTY: A CASE STUDY OF MALAYSIA." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 44, no. 02 (January 2010): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246210000148.

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Poverty in Malaysia has decreased significantly from a relative high of more than 50% before independence in 1957 to less than 10% today. The incidence of hardcore or the absolute poor is less than 1%, according to official statistics in 2007. And, it is Malaysia's aim to achieve zero absolute poverty by 2015. However, the rate of poverty reduction based on recent data appears to have slowed down beginning the mid 1990s. The slowdown in poverty reduction raises serious concern as this affects the well-being of this disadvantaged group of population. Generally, the poor in Malaysia are the aged households, female and live in the rural areas. Several studies conducted in 2007–2008 identified several issues relating to poverty in the country. This paper will analyse some of the issues and suggest practical solutions that will benefit the poor population.
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23

Zhang, Meiju. "Research on the Construction of Long-term Mechanism of Relative Poverty Governance in Anhui Province." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 3, no. 2 (March 13, 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v3i2.245.

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Regional poverty has always been an important problem perplexing the development of human society. The comprehensive analysis of relative poverty is conducive to the further implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy. Based on the analysis of the new characteristics of the relative poverty governance stage in Anhui Province, this paper reflects the relative poverty degree of Anhui Province by measuring the level of economic development. The results show that the counties with high relative poverty degree are mainly distributed in most areas of Northern Anhui, and there are a few areas with potential poverty risk within the region. The counties with low relative poverty degree are mainly distributed in central and southern Anhui. On the basis of combing the practical problems of relative poverty in Anhui Province at the present stage, combined with the actual conditions of regional development, this paper puts forward the construction idea of long-term mechanism for relative poverty governance in Anhui Province, so as to provide reference for gradually realizing regional coordinated development.
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24

Dunn, Andrew. "Relative Poverty, British Social Policy Writing and Public Experience." Social Policy and Society 16, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746416000300.

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Relative poverty, a concept developed by left-wing social scientists, categorises as ‘poor’ those who fall seriously behind normal nationwide material standards. This article argues that the widespread view that the word ‘poverty’ means ‘relative poverty’, which in left-dominated social policy academia often extends to implying that those who do not define poverty this way are necessarily misguided, has led to an incomplete portrayal of poorer British people's lived experience. The article examines published empirical work, before presenting findings from British Social Attitudes surveys and interviews with forty unemployed Jobseeker's Allowance claimants and thirty employed people. Both the existing and new findings exposed aspects of public attitudes and experience which resonate with unanswered academic criticisms of defining poverty as relative poverty. These public contributions have tended to be glossed over or treated dismissively by social policy authors, despite them attaching importance to Left-friendly aspects of poorer people's experience and attitudes.
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25

Lockwood, Victoria S. "Poverty in Paradise: Development and Relative Income Poverty in Rural Tahitian Society." Human Organization 61, no. 3 (September 2002): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.61.3.8pne6jp36h79m725.

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26

Orkoh, Emmanuel, Phillip Frederick Blaauw, and Carike Claassen. "Relative Effects of Income and Consumption Poverty on Time Poverty in Ghana." Social Indicators Research 147, no. 2 (July 17, 2019): 465–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02158-0.

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27

Preston, Ian. "Corrigendum: Sampling Distributions of Relative Poverty Statistics." Applied Statistics 45, no. 3 (1996): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2986098.

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28

Ravallion, Martin, and Shaohua Chen. "Global poverty measurement when relative income matters." Journal of Public Economics 177 (September 2019): 104046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.07.005.

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29

NIEMIETZ, KRISTIAN. "Measuring Poverty: Context-Specific but not Relative." Journal of Public Policy 30, no. 3 (November 4, 2010): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x10000103.

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AbstractPoverty in developed countries is commonly defined in relative terms. It is argued that a relative definition formalises the insight that poverty is a context-specific phenomenon, and that the understanding of what constitutes poverty changes with overall economic development. Yet this article argues that tagging a poverty line to mean or median incomes does not automatically anchor it in its social context. Relative measures rely on the implicit assumptions that social norms are formed at the national level, and that median income earners set social standards. A comparison with studies on ‘Subjective Well-Being’ (SWB) shows that these assumptions are rather arbitrary. At the same time, relative indicators do not take account of changes in the product market structure that disproportionately affect the poor. If low-cost substitutes for expensive items become available, the poor will be relatively more affected than median income earners. Conventional ‘absolute poverty’ indicators will be equally dismissed for not solving these problems either. A combined ‘Consensual Material Deprivation’ and ‘Budget Standard Approach’ indicator will be proposed as a more robust alternative.
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30

Thompson, Brennan Scott. "Flat rate taxes and relative poverty measurement." Social Choice and Welfare 38, no. 3 (March 30, 2011): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-011-0537-2.

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31

Delhausse, Bernard, Axel Luttgens, and Sergio Perelman. "Comparing measures of poverty and relative deprivation." Journal of Population Economics 6, no. 1 (February 1993): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00164340.

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32

Ravallion, Martin. "On Measuring Global Poverty." Annual Review of Economics 12, no. 1 (August 2, 2020): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-081919-022924.

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This article critically assesses prevailing measures of global poverty. A welfarist interpretation of global poverty lines is augmented by the idea of normative functionings, the cost of which varies across countries. In this light, current absolute measures are seen to ignore important social effects on welfare, while popular, strongly relative measures ignore absolute levels of living. It is argued that a new hybrid measure is called for, combining absolute and weakly relative measures consistent with how national lines vary across countries. Illustrative calculations indicate that we are seeing a falling incidence of poverty globally over the past 30 years. This is mainly due to lower absolute poverty counts in the developing world. While fewer people are poor by the global absolute standard, more are poor by the country-specific relative standard. The vast bulk of poverty, both absolute and relative, is now found in the developing world.
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33

Yang, Yingya, Liangliang Zhou, Chongmei Zhang, Xin Luo, Yihan Luo, and Wei Wang. "Public Health Services, Health Human Capital, and Relative Poverty of Rural Families." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 4, 2022): 11089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711089.

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With the successful completion of the battle against poverty, after 2020, the focus and difficulty of China’s poverty governance will change from solving absolute poverty to alleviating relative poverty. Analyzing and studying the alleviation of relative poverty from the perspective of public health services is in line with the current needs of consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation in China, and it is also of great significance to building a long-term solution mechanism for relative poverty. In this study, basic panel data were constructed by using the data of five CFPS surveys in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018 and matched with the macro data. The correlation between public health services and rural households’ relative poverty was also analyzed by using logit regression analysis and the KHB mediation effect decomposition method. The results show that (1) public health services play a significant role in promoting the accumulation of health human capital, improving individual feasible ability, and alleviating the relative poverty of rural families; (2) the improvement of public health services is conducive to the alleviation of the relative poverty of rural families; (3) we should continue to increase investment in public health care in underdeveloped areas and strive to promote the balanced development of public health services, so as to further consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty eradication.
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Hick, Rod. "Poverty as Capability Deprivation: Conceptualising and Measuring Poverty in Contemporary Europe." European Journal of Sociology 55, no. 3 (December 2014): 295–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975614000150.

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AbstractPoverty analysis is in the midst of a multidimensional “turn” due, in part, to the growing awareness of the limitations of relative income measures of poverty. In this paper, we argue that the conceptualisation of poverty remains a neglected aspect of this multidimensional turn to date, and demonstrate that the counter-intuitive results which flow from relative income analyses are not problems of measurement, but are entirely consistent with the conceptualisation of poverty under Peter Townsend’s dominantPoverty as Relative Deprivationframework. In response to these problems we articulate an alternative framework,Poverty as Capability Deprivation, drawing on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and argue that this provides more persuasive explanations as to why some nations have greater poverty than others and why poverty remains a problem even in the richest nations.
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Su, Yiting, Jing Li, Dongchuan Wang, Jiabao Yue, and Xingguang Yan. "Spatio-Temporal Synergy between Urban Built-Up Areas and Poverty Transformation in Tibet." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148773.

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Understanding the causes of poverty and identifying the transformation characteristics of poverty is the basis for achieving poverty eradication. In order to clarify the availability of construction land for poverty assessment, this paper explores the spatio-temporal synergy between urban built-up areas and poverty transformation in Tibet. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the built-up areas in Tibetan counties have been growing from 2013 to 2019; (2) the proportion of counties with very low and low levels of relative poverty have decreased significantly, and the overall spatial characteristics of poverty are “high in the center and low in the surroundings”; (3) the overall coupling-coordination level between the built-up areas and the relative poverty level is gradually improving from the initial antagonism, and the relative-poverty index shows a significant negative correlation with coupling coordination (correlation coefficient of −0.63); and (4) the built-up area has a strong explanatory power for the spatial distribution of regional relative-poverty transfer compared to temperature, precipitation, elevation, and slope. The results of the study prove that the built-up area cannot be directly used as an indicator factor when constructing the multidimensional relative-poverty model and, instead, should use urban built-up areas by region to participate in poverty-estimation models based on regional economic development.
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36

Chan, Tak Wing. "The dynamics of relative poverty in China in a comparative perspective." Chinese Journal of Sociology 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x211068543.

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I use household panel data to study the dynamics of relative poverty in China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Compared to the three Western countries, not only is relative poverty more common in China, it is also deeper and more severe. Transient poverty accounts for less than half of the total poverty in Germany or the US, but about two-thirds of that in China or the UK. Over three waves, 87% of Germans, 78% of Britons, 71% of Americans, but only 46% of Chinese were never poor. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, the determinants of poverty are found to be very similar across the four countries. But the variance explained by that model is much smaller for China than for the three Western countries. The findings of this paper also challenge some existing understanding of poverty dynamics in general.
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Gu, Zexian, Xiaoqing Zhao, Pei Huang, Junwei Pu, Xinyu Shi, and Yungang Li. "Identification of Multi-Dimensional Relative Poverty and Governance Path at the Village Scale in an Alpine-Gorge Region: A Case Study in Nujiang, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021286.

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Absolute poverty has historically been solved in China, and the focus on poor areas has shifted to addressing relative poverty. To realize the organic combination of the rural revitalization strategy and relative poverty governance, multi-dimensional relative poverty identification and governance path research at the village scale in an alpine-gorge region is required. For this study, the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture’s research area in a typical alpine-gorge was chosen. This paper constructed an evaluation index system for the rural regional system based on location conditions, ecological environment, productive resources, economic base, and public service, based on the theory of multi-dimensional regional poverty and the human–land relationship. The level of poverty, types of poverty, and spatial distribution characteristics of 255 administrative villages were systematically analyzed, and poverty governance paths were proposed. The results show that: (1) There were 215 multi-dimensional relative poverty villages in Nujiang Prefecture, accounting for 84.31% of the total. The relatively poor villages with poverty grades I and II, which are classified as mild poverty, account for 77.21% of all poor villages; this demonstrated that the relatively poor villages in Nujiang Prefecture had a high potential for poverty alleviation. (2) There are 19 different types of constraints in poor villages. Grades III and IV poor villages were mostly found in high-altitude areas. The economic foundation was very weak, the infrastructure was imperfect, the land use type was relatively single, and traffic conditions were relatively backward. (3) The priority model accounted for 16.67% of relative poverty governance, the steady improvement accounted for 28.79%, and key support accounted for 54.54%. Relative poverty governance paths for various counties have been proposed, including rural revitalization priority demonstration, ecological environment governance, eco-tourism, modern agriculture + mountain agroforestry, and improved people’s livelihood and well-being. The findings provided scientific support and direction for future research on the mode and course of relative poverty governance in poor villages in the alpine-gorge area, as well as the rural revitalization strategy’s implementation.
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38

Mehdi, Tahsin. "Testing for Stochastic Dominance up to a Common Relative Poverty Line." Econometrics 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8010005.

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Although a wide array of stochastic dominance tests exist for poverty measurement and identification, they assume the income distributions have independent poverty lines or a common absolute (fixed) poverty line. We propose a stochastic dominance test for comparing income distributions up to a common relative poverty line (i.e., some fraction of the pooled median). A Monte Carlo study demonstrates its superior performance over existing methods in terms of power. The test is then applied to some Canadian household survey data for illustration.
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He, Xi, Aoxue Li, Junhong Li, and Youbo Zhuang. "Conservation and Development: Spatial Identification of Relative Poverty Areas Affected by Protected Areas in China and Its Spatiotemporal Evolutionary Characteristics." Land 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071048.

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Currently, biodiversity conservation and the achievement of common prosperity are important challenges. China bid farewell to “absolute poverty” in 2020 but continues to face challenges, such as relative multidimensional poverty, especially in regions of protected areas (PA). The correlation between poverty and the natural environment leads to further research on the distribution and spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of relative poverty regions affected by the restrictive policies of PA. Quantitative research on these regions helps researchers formalize ecological indemnification policies based on the condition of different regions, thereby stabilizing efforts toward poverty alleviation. Through a study on relative poverty areas in 489 county-level administrative regions in China influenced by 477 national nature reserves, this study formulated a multidimensional integrated poverty index model that comprises three systems, namely, natural environment, economy, and society and 13 indicators. Using the comprehensive index, spatial analysis, and cluster analysis to investigate the evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of poverty from 2014 to 2019, the study created a distribution map of relative poverty regions affected by PA. The results indicated the following. (i) Relative poverty regions are mainly concentrated in provinces on the northwest side of the Hu Line with strong spatial correlation between these regions. Among them, the relatively poor areas with persistent deterioration become the keystone to stabilizing poverty alleviation and promoting green development. (ii) Poverty alleviation focuses on the economic dimension, whereas the environmental and social dimensions lack engagement. (iii) Conservation areas overlap with relative poverty regions. However, the increase in PA does not necessarily lead to the aggravation of the poverty in counties. The results offer a valuable reference for decision makers in formulating targeted policies and measures for areas affected by PA to facilitate green development and common prosperity.
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40

Liu, Hao, Jingtao Wang, Haibin Liu, Yuzhuo Chen, Xinghan Liu, Yanlei Guo, and Hui Huang. "Identification of Relative Poverty Based on 2012–2020 NPP/VIIRS Night Light Data: In the Area Surrounding Beijing and Tianjin in China." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095559.

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As absolute poverty in China, measured by the current standard, is being eliminated, the focus of future poverty reduction projects will necessarily shift to addressing relative poverty. Contiguous poverty areas have been identified in Hebei province around Beijing and Tianjin (HABT), and this is not conducive to the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The dynamic identification of relative poverty at the county level within the region must be the basis for formulating scientific strategies for poverty reduction. Night light (NTL) data can reveal socio-economic information and reflect human activities, and has a wide range of other applications for evaluating and identifying poverty. For this reason, NPP/VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite equipped on the Suomi National Polar orbiting Partnership satellite) NTL data from 2012 to 2020 were corrected, and NTL data for HABT were obtained. A multidimensional relative poverty index (MRPI) that assesses being “free from worries over food and clothing and having access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing” using social statistical data was created with the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. A panel regression model with fixed effects was established for MRPI and corrected NPP/VIIRS NTL data. The R2 of fitting was 0.6578 and confirmed a strong correlation between MRPI and corrected NPP/VIIRS NTL data. Based on this, the MRPI estimation model was constructed based on the MRPI and corrected NPP/VIIRS NTL data, and passed the accuracy test. Finally, using the national list of poverty counties, it was verified that, at the county scale, the corrected NPP/VIIRS NTL data could effectively identify areas of relative poverty. This study lays the foundation for the use of NPP/VIIRS NTL data in the identification of areas of relative poverty. It provides a feasible method and data reference for analyzing relative poverty at a smaller scale. The dynamic identification of areas of relative poverty can also provide a basis for formulating scientific poverty reduction strategies.
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Siposné Nándori, Eszter. "Subjective Poverty and Its Relation to Objective Poverty Concepts in Hungary." Social Indicators Research 102, no. 3 (October 24, 2010): 537–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9743-z.

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42

Joo, Myungkook. "Effects of federal programs on children: Absolute poverty, relative poverty, and income inequality." Children and Youth Services Review 33, no. 7 (July 2011): 1203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.011.

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43

Luan, Tian, and Xiaoyan Liu. "An Empirical Study Based on the Impact of Smart Sensor System on Rural Relative Poverty." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (December 29, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3635382.

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Solving the problem of rural poverty is a difficult problem for the country to enter a well-off society in an all-round way. Therefore, this paper conducts an experimental analysis based on the impact of smart sensor systems on the relative poverty in rural areas. This article is aimed at studying the related factors of rural poverty and improving relative poverty in rural areas. In this regard, this article proposes an intelligent processing function based on smart sensors. Multiple sensors work together to process relatively complex things. Then, through the experimental analysis of GH efficiency, the data collected in the experimental area is used as the data. Combining the Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient analysis to determine the influencing factors of rural relative poverty. This article also selected 10 areas for experimentation. The experimental results show that the proportion of middle school education from 2014 to 2020 is between 24.3% and 34%, and the number of poor people has also declined, indicating that education level is a factor affecting rural poverty. Therefore, based on the intelligent sensor system, the factors of relative poverty in rural areas can be found, and related measures can be analyzed. By implementing the rural poverty alleviation strategy, the relative poverty situation in rural areas can be effectively improved.
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44

Whelan, Christopher T., Brian Nolan, and Bertrand Maître. "The Great Recession and the changing intergenerational distribution of economic stress across income classes in Ireland: A comparative perspective." Irish Journal of Sociology 25, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0791603516657346.

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In this paper we seek to bridge the gap between recent analysis relating to the distributional consequences of the Great Recession across the income distribution and more specific concerns relating to inter-generational outcomes. In Ireland in 2008 there was a clear age gradient in relation to economic stress. Over time the gradient became sharper with the relative position of younger groups deteriorating. The increased salience of age group differentiation in Ireland involved two components. The first related to variability in increases in stress across the age spectrum that was common across income class categories. In that respect children and the older middle age group suffered most. The second involves changes in the additional effects of poverty. While the variable impact of poverty increased the differentials between the elderly and all other groups, it reduced the degree of differentiation between the non-elderly groups. It is not possible to understand the impact of the Great Recession in Ireland by focusing only on changing relativities in relation to social class, unless one allows for the fact that the changing impact of life course stage varied across income classes and the scale of absolute increases in economic stress levels for the non-elderly groups experienced across all income classes. That the Irish pattern of change was not an inevitable outcome of the economic crisis is illustrated by the fact that in Iceland a similar starting point produced a quite different set of changes. Greece, on the other hand, provides an example of the emergence of significant age related differentiation where the pre-recession period was characterised by their absence. Clearly policy choices not only affect life course differentiation but the extent to which operates in a uniform or variable fashion across income classes.
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45

Wang, Yifan, He Li, and Rong Zhao. "The Role of Forestry-Based Policies in Alleviating Relative Poverty in the Rocky Desertification Area in Southwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 16049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316049.

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China has put forward a series of forestry-based poverty alleviation policies, aiming to alleviate poverty and improve the livelihoods of rural households, especially in backward and ecologically fragile areas with rich forest resources. Based on field survey data, we used an empirical analysis method to investigate the role of forestry-based policies in alleviating the relative poverty of rural households in the rocky desertification area in southwest China. The Logit regression results demonstrate that forestry-based poverty alleviation policies are significant at alleviating the relative poverty of rural households, and there are differences in the degree and significance of the impact of various forestry-based poverty alleviation policies. In particular, the forestry industry support (FIS) policy, the ecological forest rangers (EFRs) policy, and the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) can significantly decrease the incidence of relative poverty of rural households, while the effect of the Public Benefit Forest Compensation Program (PBFC) on decreasing the incidence of relative poverty is not significant. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role and effectiveness of China’s forestry-based poverty alleviation policies, and can provide a reference for optimizing the forestry poverty alleviation policies for the specific area and even the whole nation, as well as provide experience for worldwide poverty alleviation by forestry.
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Colombarolli, Claudia. "In-work poverty and regional disparities. An analysis of the relationship between work intensity and the probability of being and feeling poor across Italian territories." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 161 (December 2021): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2021-161005.

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Work intensity is considered one relevant factor in shaping the risk of experiencing in-work poverty, i.e., being a worker with a household income below the relative poverty line. However, little attention has been paid to how work intensity is associated with workers' subjective poverty (i.e., their feeling of being in-work poor) and to how this association varies across geographical areas. Therefore, the present work intends to fill this gap and investigate the relationship between work-intensity and the risk of experiencing in-work poverty, in both objective and subjective terms as well as differences among local contexts, i.e., regions and degrees of urbanisation. The analysis is based on 2018 cross-sectional data from the Italian module of the Eu-Silc survey. Empirical results show that work intensity is negatively associated with both objective and subjective in-work poverty, but the relation is stronger with the former. Furthermore, densely, intermediate and thinly populated areas show similar trends, whereas there is a persistent gap between, on the one hand, the North-Center of Italy and, on the other, the South, which has the highest risk of objective and subjective in-work poverty. However, the latter is also the area where the association between work intensity and in-work poverty is stronger.
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Moller, Stephanie, Evelyne Huber, John D. Stephens, David Bradley, and Francois Nielsen. "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies." American Sociological Review 68, no. 1 (February 2003): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088901.

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48

Hill, A., B. Shaffer, E. Doucette, S. Obenhaus, and S. Shaffer. "16 Relative Poverty and Child Mortality in Haiti." Pediatric Research 58, no. 4 (October 2005): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200510000-00046.

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49

Roach, J. O'N. "One in six children live in relative poverty." BMJ 320, no. 7250 (June 17, 2000): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7250.1621.

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Madden, David. "RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINES: A NEW APPROACH." Review of Income and Wealth 46, no. 2 (June 2000): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00954.x.

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