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Journal articles on the topic 'Povertà minorile'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Volturo, Stella. "Lotta alla povertà minorile. Il ruolo delle politiche di supporto all'infanzia." SICUREZZA E SCIENZE SOCIALI, no. 2 (September 2022): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/siss2022-002014.

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L'articolo analizza il fenomeno della povertà minorile nella sua multidimensionalità, presentando dati sulla situazione italiana in prospettiva comparata europea. La prospettiva analitica adottata concepisce la povertà minorile come una forma estrema di disuguaglianza e riflette sul ruolo delle politiche sociali in ambito minorile nel contrasto alle disuguaglianze.

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2

Chiodo, Emanuela. "Generare legami. Inclusione sociale ed educativa in una periferia del Mezzogiorno." WELFARE E ERGONOMIA, no. 1 (June 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/we2020-001004.

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La povertà di bambini e adolescenti in famiglie deprivate del Mezzogiorno è sia la più invisi-bile, perché spesso occultata dalla più generale condizione di svantaggio del nucleo di appar-tenenza, sia la più estrema, per l'intensità con cui essa si lega a radicate disuguaglianze nella sfera dell'istruzione, della cultura e, in generale, nelle loro chances di vita al presente e nel futuro. In particolare, la povertà educativa è quella che meglio rappresenta lo svantaggio cumulativo che si genera a partire da condizioni di deprivazione materiale ed economica e trova nell'esclusione dall'accesso ad una formazione e a competenze adeguate, ma anche a spazi e ambienti di vita degni, a opportunità ludiche, culturali e di socializzazione più ampia le sue espressioni più evidenti. Napoli e le sue periferie più disagiate costituiscono un caso paradigmatico di tale scenario sia per la povertà multi-generazionale da cui sono interessate sia per l'elevata incidenza del-la popolazione minorile proprio nei quartieri più difficili. Ed è proprio nel contesto urbano e sociale della periferia est della città che l'articolo si cala per definire i contorni di quella «comunità educante» volta al contrasto della vulnerabilità sociale e dei rischi di esclusione per i tanti bambini e adolescenti in condizione di svantaggio economico e sociale. Alla luce della direttrice teorica sui legami sociali come fonte di protezione e riconoscimento (Paugam, 2008) e sulla base di un approccio di ricerca micro-sociologico basato su studi di caso, l'articolo descrive la qualità delle relazioni di social support (Meo, 1999) create, promosse, rafforzate da alcuni enti di terzo settore (associazioni e cooperative sociali) provando a sotto-linearne il valore embedded nel contrasto della povertà educativa. Già a partire dal recupero di spazi vuoti o abbandonati in cui le attività socio-educative promosse si radicano e realiz-zano le loro attività, i centri socioeducativi considerati nella ricerca appaiono in grado di ri-pristinare relazioni e significati plurimi. A partire dalle rappresentazioni raccolte tramite la voce e le parole degli attori intervistati la comunità educante prende forma nei vincoli e nelle risorse, nei limiti e nelle opportunità evidenziate da enti di terzo settore (associazioni e coo-perative sociali) che realizzano advocacy, affiancamento scolastico dei minori, accompagna-mento sociale per le loro famiglie. In particolare, nel testo si evidenzia come, non solo rico-noscendo la «responsabilità educativa» come principio cardine ma anche "agendo" tale principio come orientamento nella prassi concreta di intervento, organizzazioni diverse che abitano e animano la periferia est sono in grado di rendere permeabili tra loro sfere di inclu-sione diverse (culturale, educativa, sociale). Intervenendo nel contrasto della povertà minorile ed educativa tramite azioni di bridging con la famiglia, la scuola, i servizi sociali, le esperien-ze di affiancamento socio-educativo descritte interrogano e allo stesso tempo costruiscono il senso di quella «comunità educante e generativa», capace di «agire in comune» adottando «un modo di fare le cose inclusivo, integrativo e abilitante» (Magatti e Giaccardi, 2014).

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3

Baldassarre, Laura, and Chiara Curto. "Garantire i diritti dei bambini e dei minorenni senza alcuna discriminazione: dalle Osservazioni conclusive del Comitato Onu alla sperimentazione in Italia della Garanzia europea per l'Infanzia." MINORIGIUSTIZIA, no. 4 (July 2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mg2021-004007.

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In seguito all'approvazione della Garanzia europea per l'Infanzia da parte del Consiglio dell'Unione Europea nel giugno 2021, la Commissione Europea ha collaborato con l'UNICEF per testare la misura in 7 Paesi dell'Unione, tra cui l'Italia. La Garanzia europea per l'Infanzia è un programma pilota biennale che contribuirà a sviluppare una cornice comune tramite la redazione di Piani Nazionali d'Azione sulla prevenzione e il contrasto della povertà ed esclusione sociale minorile. Da luglio 2020 l'UNICEF sta lavorando col Governo italiano ed altri attori nazionali e locali, incluse le Organizzazioni del Terzo Settore e i bambini stessi, per dare attuazione al programma nell'ambito delle aree e dei beneficiari individuati come prioritari, tra i quali vi sono anche i minorenni con disabilità. In Italia, l'UNICEF in collaborazione col Governo e i partners - sta inoltre supportando il coinvolgimento attivo dei minorenni nei percorsi di redazione, monitoraggio e valutazione d'impatto del Piano Nazionale d'Azione sulla Garanzia Europea, tramite la creazione di uno Youth Advisory Board (YAB) avente funzioni consultive.

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4

Ferrigni, Nicola, and Marica Spalletta. "I confini materiali e immateriali delle nuove povertà nel territorio di Roma Capitale e gli effetti sui minori." SICUREZZA E SCIENZE SOCIALI, no. 2 (September 2022): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/siss2022-002017.

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L'articolo analizza l'impatto multidimensionale della pandemia sul territorio di Roma Capitale, focalizzando in particolare l'attenzione su quei "nuovi poveri", in cima alla cui lista svettano le famiglie con minori. I risultati confermano la crescente esposizione al rischio povertà di questi nuclei familiari, riconoscendo ai minori lo status di "poveri tra i poveri la cui preesistente condizione di fragilità risulta ulteriormente compromessa da una deprivazione tanto economica, quanto immateriale, che investe contemporaneamente la sfera educativa, culturale e relazionale.

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5

Saenz, Rogelio, and John K. Thomas. "Minority Poverty in Nonmetropolitan Texas*." Rural Sociology 56, no. 2 (February 3, 2010): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00432.x.

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6

Cusato, Michael F. "Highest Poverty or Lowest Poverty?: The Paradox of the Minorite Charism." Franciscan Studies 75, no. 1 (2017): 275–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/frc.2017.0011.

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7

Milano, Raffaela. "La povertŕ minorile in Italia al tempo della crisi." MINORIGIUSTIZIA, no. 4 (December 2011): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mg2011-004005.

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8

Nguyen, Linh Thuy, Christopher Gan, and Baiding Hu. "Why is Ethnic Minority Poverty Severe? The Case of Rural Vietnam." Asian Development Policy Review 9, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107.2021.93.161.179.

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In Vietnam, poverty is prevalent and extremely severe among rural ethnic minorities (REM). Despite a number of studies on characteristics of poverty, very few studies comprehensively examine the determinants of poverty intensity. This study employs binary and fractional logit models to investigate the determinants of poverty and the poverty intensity of the REM. Data are obtained by combining the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys. The results show that education, wage-paying employment, housing conditions, and domestic remittances reduce poverty and its intensity. Poverty incidence reduction also hinges on development programmes on credit and scholarships. The likelihood and shortfall of poverty declined for households residing in the Red River and Mekong Deltas, and in southeast Vietnam. However, language barriers, farm size and overseas remittances influenced the poverty intensity but not the likelihood of poverty. Our results suggest that previous studies using only logit models have neglected several influences of poverty intensity, which the current research overcomes.

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9

Wright, Roosevelt, and Thomas D. Watts. "Alcohol and Minority Youth." Journal of Drug Issues 18, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800101.

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This article discusses alcohol and minority youth, and introduces this special issue of the Journal of Drug Issues. Minority youth who use (or abuse) alcohol in American society deal with three realities: using “alcohol,” being “minority,” and being young (“youth”). All three dimensions are viewed by the larger society with mixed—sometimes hostile, sometimes fearful—reactions. With minority youth we see the disproportionate occurrence of rapid population growth, poverty, school dropouts, criminal justice system clients, and social welfare system clients. We cannot examine alcoholism among minority youth without seriously coming to grips with poverty, education, and life condition. More and better research and theoretical models are needed that help us to understand and confront this problem.

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10

Piazza, James A. "Poverty, minority economic discrimination, and domestic terrorism." Journal of Peace Research 48, no. 3 (March 28, 2011): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343310397404.

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11

Berthoud, Richard. "Poverty and prosperity among Britain’s ethnic minorities." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 10, no. 1 (February 2002): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/nwyl4717.

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Recent research provides evidence of continuing economic disadvantage among minority groups. But the wide variation between specific groups contradicts the notion that being a member of a minority group is, in itself, associated with financial hardship. This article summarises some of the quantitative evidence about ethnic minority incomes. Chinese and Indian households are characterised by a wide range of inequality within each group, with many prosperous families as well as some poor ones. Caribbean and African households are often poorer than white households, but Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are easily the poorest groups in Britain, and depend very heavily on means-tested benefits.

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12

Finetti, Simona. "Sguardi adolescenti sulla povertà educativa minorile. Un'esperienza di Student Voice R." EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY, no. 2 (December 2022): 240–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ess2-2022oa14800.

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Nel 2014 Save the Children Italia ha definito la povertà educativa minorile come "privazione da parte dei bambini e degli adolescenti della possibilità di apprendere, sperimentare, sviluppare e far fiorire liberamente capacità, talenti e aspirazioni". Negli anni il costrutto è stato dettagliato, spostando progressivamente il focus dalla privazione al potenziale apprendimento, anche in dimensioni non cognitive. Sono stati parallelamente proposti indici per la misurazione del fenomeno. Ma che cos'è per gli adolescenti la povertà educativa? Gli indicatori selezionati nel tempo misurano dimensioni avvertite come prioritarie dai minori? Un'esperienza di ricerca ispirata al movimento Student Voice ha raccolto, nei mesi di aprile e maggio 2021, le voci di 121 adolescenti di Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC). Senza pretese di rappresentatività e di esaustività, l'articolo introduce all'evoluzione del costrutto di povertà educativa e poi esplora immagini, vissuti e significati a esso attribuiti da ragazzi e ragazze, nonché le direzioni di senso suggerite dal loro "sguardo adolescente" ai fini di prevenire e contrastare il fenomeno nelle sue molteplici dimensioni.

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13

Cavins, Jonathon W., Sarah E. Wiehe, and J. Dennis Fortenberry. "67: School poverty and depression among minority adolescents." Journal of Adolescent Health 38, no. 2 (February 2006): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.11.049.

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14

Murphy, Nina A., May Yuan, and Maurice J. Elias. "Youth leadership programming in high-poverty minority students." Evaluation and Program Planning 79 (April 2020): 101728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101728.

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15

Dass, Mahaganapathy, Puvaneswaran Kunasekaran, Charanjit Kaur, and Sarjit S. Gill. "Exploring the Role of Community Empowerment in Urban Poverty Eradication in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811501.

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The main purpose of this study was to holistically understand the role of empowerment in urban poverty eradication of the Indian community in the urban areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The poverty eradication effectiveness was tested by analysing community empowerment domains and MyKasih programme run by a non-governmental organisation. There are numerous studies conducted to understand the issues of poverty in Malaysia. However, few studies have so far focused on the minority community in Malaysia. Moreover, there is no recent study to test the effectiveness of any governmental or NGO’s poverty eradication efforts on this minority community. This study utilised a qualitative approach and an in-depth interview was used to gather the data. The respondents were single mothers living in a poverty-stricken area in the capital city of Malaysia.

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16

Chen, Liyang, and Jun Liu. "Analysis of Countermeasures for Precise Identification of Poor People in Ethnic Minority Areas." Modern Economics & Management Forum 3, no. 3 (July 2, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/memf.v3i3.867.

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Poverty alleviation is a big project, which is related to the lives of countless people. Especially in remote ethnic minority areas, many fellow ethnic minorities live in poverty due to numerous reasons, and they must be rescued from poverty in order to achieve the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects and the revival of the Chinese nation. The purpose of this paper is to explore how local governments can accurately identify the poor in the process of precise poverty alleviation, and put forward suggestions for precise identification of the poor so that the policy of precise poverty alleviation can be implemented and carried out.

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17

Quyen, Le Thị To, and Tran Huu Tuan. "Tourism impacts of poverty alleviation on ethnic households: Comparing difference between Cham, Khmer, and Chinese ethnic households in An Giang province, Viet nam." International Journal of Professional Business Review 7, no. 4 (November 18, 2022): e0527. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i4.e527.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of tourism on poverty alleviation in minority households and to propose tourism development solutions to effectively reduce poverty for ethnic groups. This study surveyed ethnic households in An Giang Province, Vietnam, where the majority of Khmer, Cham, and Chinese households live in crowded conditions, and tourism was identified as an alternative means of poverty alleviation for the households. Theoretical framework: Different ethnic groups, according to Kyle et al. (2019), have different perspectives on tourism in general and ethnic neighborhood tourism. Academic research on poverty alleviation in tourism has advanced from concept to development model (Jin et al., 2019), influencing factors, and implementation path (Jin et al, 2019; Guo, 2020). Even if no jobs are created, investment in tourism infrastructure can connect villagers to the larger economy, which will benefit local agriculture. (Lor et all 2019, Hall, 2007; Li et al., 2016; Oraboune, 2008). Aside from focusing solely on household income and consumption, Sen (1999) emphasized the importance of addressing the problem of capability deprivations in any effort to reduce poverty. For this reason, household capacity must be taken into consideration when assessing poverty reduction among different households. According to Duong & Dung (2018) and Ngoc (2018), the factors influencing livelihoods include objective and subjective household factors, while Nui (2019) indicated that the choice of household livelihood strategy differs depending on the household's economic level. Farmers will face a wide range of influencing factors when implementing livelihood strategies, and as a result, the livelihood outcomes experienced by each farmer will differ, Tuan and Dung (2015). Based on the literature review and the situation in the study area, it is evident that comparative studies on the level of poverty reduction among ethnic minority households have few research documents; therefore, the implementation of this study is insufficient. Design/methodology/approach: The research was done in Tinh Bien, Tri Ton, An Phu, Tan Chau, and Chau Doc, An Giang. This was chosen as the study site because ethnic households exist there, affecting tourism development. Fieldwork was done in 2021 and 2022. The second phase allowed for data verification and gap filling. In the first phase, the sampling technique evolved as the author became more familiar with case studies and could assess the number of persons to approach given time restrictions. Questionnaires were utilized to acquire data. The 390 samples of questionnaires were from Tinh Bien, Tri Ton, An Phu, Tan Chau, and Chau Doc by employing Taro Yamane's algorithm to determine the number of households to survey. Post hoc one-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the poverty reduction impact of tourism on three groups of households by assessment of the different demographic characteristics of the respondent. Findings: The findings reveal that the poverty reduction impact of tourism on ethnic households differs before and after tourism implementation; ethnic households feel the poverty reduction impacts more strongly after tourism development. When comparing the impact of poverty reduction on economics, access to essential social services, livelihoods, and socio-cultural factors, Khmer, Chinese, and Cham households have significantly lower levels of poverty. Meanwhile, tourism has a greater impact on poverty alleviation in Khmer households than it does in Cham households, and Chinese groups wield more power than Khmer groups. When comparing the Human, Social, Natural, Financial, and Institutional assets of three ethnic minority households to understand the causes of different poverty alleviation, the Chinese have the most of all five assets, followed by the Khmer, and finally the Cham. Research, Practical & Social implications: Tourism has provided an additional source of income for ethnic minority households in Vietnam, thereby reducing poverty, according to the study's findings. Despite this, the level of poverty reduction among ethnic minority households is contingent on the household's livelihood assets, which include human capital, social capital, natural capital, financial capital, and institutional capital. Due to a lack of education, professional tourism skills, and access to information technology, the human capital of ethnic minority households is limited. To enhance the efficacy of tourism development and alleviate poverty among ethnic minority households, it is necessary to improve means of subsistence. Originality/value: The results indicate that the number of publications is growing, and the management and business area is the one that contributes the most, with the countries that produce in co-authorship also providing the most publications.

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Umma, Fatiya Nur, Budi Warsito, and Di Asih I. Maruddani. "KLASIFIKASI STATUS KEMISKINAN RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN ALGORITMA C5.0 DI KABUPATEN PEMALANG." Jurnal Gaussian 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v10i2.29934.

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Pemalang regency is a district which has amount of poverty around 16.04%. One of the effort that must be improved in tackling poverty is increasing the accuracy of the government program’s target. The improvement of target accuracy is expected to give the better impact on the welfare of the population. This study classified the poverty status of households in Pemalang regency using C5.0 Algorithm. The poverty status of households is divided into two classes, namely poor and non-poor. There was an imbalance of data in both classes. Data imbalances were handled by using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). From the research that has been done, SMOTE application in classification of household poverty status affected the evaluation value of the model. Previously the model could not classify the minority class and after using SMOTE the model produced an average value of sensitivity 25.80%. SMOTE application increased the average value of specificity from 91.16% to 94.91%. However, SMOTE application decreased the average value of accuracy which originally 91.16% down to 82.2%.Keywords : C5.0, Household poverty, Classification, SMOTE

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19

Yeoh, Emile Kok-Kheng. "China’s Regional Policy, Poverty and the Ethnic Question." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 26, no. 2 (December 30, 2008): 26–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v26i2.1895.

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While China’s reforms have been successful in giving many people higher incomes and producing more goods and services, they also led to increasingly acute inequality in income and wealth among the populace. From one of the world’s most egalitarian societies in the 1970s, today China has turned into one of the most unequal countries in the region and even among developing countries in general. While China’s alleviation of poverty has been nothing less than remarkable and seems to have greatly exceeded Target 1 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), yet ‘Impoverished China’ was still observed to be among the 10 largest ‘countries’ in the world. Furthermore, as the geographical correlation of ethnic minority distribution and poverty population distribution is unmistakable, reflecting the composite phenomenon made up of rural poverty, regional poverty and ethnic poverty, ethnoregionalization of poverty may present China not only with economic challenges but also long-term sociopolitical uncertainties. While the issue of poverty in China has a strong regional dimension, the size of China both demographically and geographically has led to the fact that her regional policy is always overshadowed by a host of complex interlinked socioeconomic, political, ethnic, territorial and historical factors. This paper analyzes the issue of poverty in China as a multi-faceted phenomenon, sees poverty alleviation as inevitably linked to the country’s regional and minority policies, and as such, argues for a stronger emphasis on the elements of decentralization and localization.

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20

Meeker, Martin. "The Queerly Disadvantaged and the Making of San Francisco's War on Poverty, 1964–1967." Pacific Historical Review 81, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 21–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2012.81.1.21.

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The sudden availability of funds through President Johnson's War on Poverty disrupted established social movements and urban politics; the very definition of minority changed as a result. In San Francisco, agitation for federal monies challenged existing understandings of who was or was not "disadvantaged" and hence eligible for assistance. Initially, the San Francisco Equal Opportunity Council defined disadvantage in terms of the ethnic minority status of certain neighborhoods, but organizers in the Tenderloin and South of Market areas fought for equal eligibility for their own constituencies, including white people disadvantaged by both poverty and their sexual orientation and gender identities. As a consequence, the geographic definition of minority groups was mapped anew. Among residents of these San Francisco neighborhoods, affinity groups who previously had not yet been considered minorities coalesced into a true minority constituency that for the first time was recognized as such by an entity of the state.

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21

Lyman, Linda L., and Christine J. Villani. "The Complexity of Poverty: A Missing Component of Educational Leadership Programs." Journal of School Leadership 12, no. 3 (May 2002): 246–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268460201200302.

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National survey results indicate that understanding the complexity of poverty and its effects is not a major social justice component of educational leadership programs. Authors present and discuss survey respondents’ perceptions of: importance of understanding poverty, evidence of program emphasis, areas of program emphasis, attitudes toward causes of poverty, and program themes. Embedded in the discussion is a description of a learning activity that has enhanced students’ understanding of the complexity of poverty. The widely recognized learning and achievement gap for poor and minority students creates a need and an opportunity for increased attention to poverty and other social justice issues in educational leadership programs.

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Knight, David S. "Are School Districts Allocating Resources Equitably? The Every Student Succeeds Act, Teacher Experience Gaps, and Equitable Resource Allocation." Educational Policy 33, no. 4 (July 22, 2017): 615–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904817719523.

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Ongoing federal efforts support equalizing access to experienced educators for low-income students and students of color, thereby narrowing the “teacher experience gap.” I show that while high-poverty and high-minority schools have larger class sizes and receive less funding nationally, school districts allocate resource equitably, on average, across schools. However, the least experienced teachers are still concentrated in high-poverty and high-minority schools, both across and within districts. I then show that additional state and local funding is associated with more equitable district resource allocation. The study offers recommendations for state and federal education policy related to the Every Student Succeeds Act.

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Farkas, George, Christy Lleras, and Steve Maczuga. "Does Oppositional Culture Exist in Minority and Poverty Peer Groups?" American Sociological Review 67, no. 1 (February 2002): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088938.

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Adeola, Francis O. "MINORITY OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE AND POVERTY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM LOUISIANA PARISHES." Sociological Spectrum 19, no. 2 (March 1999): 163–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027321799280226.

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25

Jones, Daleniece Higgins, Xinhua Yu, Qian Guo, Xiaoli Duan, and Chunrong Jia. "Racial Disparities in the Heavy Metal Contamination of Urban Soil in the Southeastern United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031105.

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(1) Background: Field monitoring data for addressing the disproportional burden of exposure to soil contamination in communities of minority and low socioeconomic status (SES) are sparse. This study aims to examine the association between soil heavy metal levels, SES, and racial composition. (2) Methods: A total of 423 soil samples were collected in the urban areas of eight cities across six Southern states in the U.S., in 2015. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) for eight heavy metals. The association was examined with mixed models with the log-transformed metal concentrations as the dependent variables and rankings of low-income or minority percentages as the explanatory variables. (3) Results: Model results showed that soil metal concentrations were significantly associated with rankings of poverty and minority percentages. The cadmium concentration significantly increased by 4.7% (p-value < 0.01), for every 10 percentiles of increase in poverty rank. For every 10 percentiles of increase in minority rank, the soil concentrations were significantly up (p-values < 0.01) for arsenic (13.5%), cadmium (5.5%), and lead (10.6%). Minority rank had significant direct effects on both arsenic and lead. (4) Conclusions: The findings confirmed elevated heavy metal contamination in urban soil in low-income and/or predominantly minority communities.

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Wang, Lucong. "A Study on Mandarin Proficiency and Multidimensional Poverty in Ethnic Areas." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 12 (March 16, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v12i.8985.

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To study the role of language in anti-poverty, based on the theory of multidimensional poverty and the economic value of language, this paper analyzes the correlation between Mandarin proficiency and multidimensional poverty in ethnic minority areas by using CFPS data from 2010 to 2018. The regression results show that the improvement of Mandarin proficiency is beneficial to solve multidimensional poverty problems. The endogenetic analysis and robustness test are carried out, and the conclusion is consistent with the baseline regression. Further, the influence of language ability on different samples is analyzed. The study shows that Mandarin proficiency has a greater influence on male, 18-28 and 29-50 years old, high poverty groups and non-agricultural workers.

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Molnar, Joseph J., and Greg Traxler. "People Left Behind: Transitions of the Rural Poor." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 23, no. 1 (July 1991): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017842.

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AbstractCompared to their urban counterparts, the rural poor are more likely to be employed, more apt to be members of married-couple families, less likely to be children, less likely to be minority, and more likely to have assets but a negative income. This paper examines poverty rates and factors that affect mobility in and out of poverty among major categories of the rural poor. Particular attention is paid to farm workers and the rural farm population in the South. It endeavors to identify both structural conditions that perpetuate rural poverty and government interventions that ameliorate human suffering and break the cycle of poverty reproduction.

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Vu, Linh Hoang, and Thuy-Anh Nguyen. "Elderly Poverty in Vietnam: Trends and Determinants." Journal of Population and Social Studies 29 (July 22, 2021): 526–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv292021.033.

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Adopting data from the 2010 and 2016 Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys, this paper identifies factors of elderly poverty incidences and depth in Vietnam. Our analysis shows that overall, elderly poverty is lower than the overall poverty headcount in Vietnam. Yet, some elderly groups are more vulnerable to poverty than others. In particular, the elderly living in rural areas are more susceptible to poverty than those living in urban areas. The ethnic minority elderly are likewise more vulnerable to poverty than those who belong to the Kinh-Hoa ethnic majority. We found several determining factors for elderly poverty in urban and rural areas, including region, ethnicity, education, and household age composition. Remittances and social assistance are also crucial in reducing elderly poverty in rural areas. With these findings, this study proposes several policy implications, including improving the social assistance support for the elderly, reducing regional and ethnic disparities, and supporting the employment of older people.

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Liu, Michael, and Rishi K. Wadhera. "Primary Care Physician Supply by County-Level Characteristics, 2010-2019." JAMA 328, no. 19 (November 15, 2022): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.15106.

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30

Markides, Kyriakos S. "Consequences of Gender Differentials in Life Expectancy for Black and Hispanic Americans." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 29, no. 2 (September 1989): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4lht-y4dm-73f6-n75l.

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Increased survival by blacks and Hispanics is causing a widening of the sex imbalance of the elderly population much like we have observed in the general population. These demographic trends point toward greater widowhood among minority women and continuing high rates of poverty. In addition, we can expect increased rates of disability in minority elderly women, increased dependency, worsening intergenerational relationships, and higher rates of institutionalization.

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Robinson, Dwan Vanderpool. "Collaborative partnerships between high poverty and minority parents and educational leaders." Journal for Multicultural Education 11, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-11-2015-0035.

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32

Kia-Keating, Maryam, Karen Nylund-Gibson, Brett M. Kia-Keating, Christine Schock, and Ryan P. Grimm. "Longitudinal Patterns of Self-Regulation among Ethnic Minority Children Facing Poverty." Journal of Child and Family Studies 27, no. 2 (December 23, 2017): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0883-5.

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33

O'Regan, Katherine M., and John M. Quigley. "Teenage Employment and the Spatial Isolation of Minority and Poverty Households." Journal of Human Resources 31, no. 3 (1996): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/146272.

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CHOW, Chun Shing. "EDUCATION, CULTURAL VALUES, AND POVERTY IN CHINA'S REMOTE ETHNIC MINORITY REGIONS." Asian Geographer 21, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2002.9684091.

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35

Kia, Hannah, Margaret Robinson, Jenna MacKay, and Lori E. Ross. "Poverty in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Two-Spirit, and Other Sexual and Gender Minority (LGBTQ2S+) Communities in Canada: Implications for Social Work Practice." Research on Social Work Practice 31, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731521996814.

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In this article, we draw on a recent review of the Canadian literature on poverty in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, two-spirit, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ2S+) communities to conceptualize social work interventions that may be used to address material inequities among these groups. Our literature review, which was based on a total of 39 works, revealed distinctive expressions of poverty among younger and older LGBTQ2S+ groups, as well as racialized, newcomer, and Indigenous sexual and gender minorities. Drawing on these insights, together with theoretical frameworks grounded in intersectionality and relational poverty analysis, we conceptualize these expressions of material inequity as salient sites of social work practice and propose interventions targeting these manifestations of LGBTQ2S+ poverty at various levels. Given the centrality of anti-poverty work as part of the social work profession’s commitment to social justice, and the dearth of social work literature on LGBTQ2S+ poverty, this article promises to make significant contributions to social work scholarship and professional practice.

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Gao, Jiachang, Zenghui Huo, Mei Zhang, and Baoqiang Liang. "The Capability Approach to Adolescent Poverty in China: Application of a Latent Class Model." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091316.

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After 2020, poverty alleviation in China will shift from eliminating absolute poverty to alleviating unbalanced and insufficient relative poverty. Based on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, this article aimed to realize the freedom of “capability” of children and ensure the well-being and development of Chinese adolescents, who are often ignored in child poverty research. The study sought to estimate the 10–15-year-olds in a multidimensional capabilities poverty group. Our analysis was based on the adolescent capability methodology framework, using data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to investigate the types and influencing factors of adolescent capability poverty in China. The result of latent class analysis showed that there are four types of capability poverty among the Chinese adolescents, namely, Extreme Capability Poverty Class, Goal Capability Poverty Class, Opportunity Capability Poverty Class, and Capability Non-Poverty Class. Multinomial logistic regression showed that the personal factors of gender, ethnic minority, hukou, and pocket money; the family factors of parents’ marital status, parents’ education level, and region of residence; and the family economic factor of per capita family income had a significant impact on the types of China’s adolescent capability poverty. The article provides empirical and quantitative evidence for the adolescent (ages 10–15) class of capability poverty. The findings provide a reference for policy makers to target poverty-alleviation efforts according to different types of poverty and to interrupt the intergenerational transmission of poverty.

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Singer, Merrill, Candida Flores, Lani Davison, and William Gonzales. "Reaching Minority Women: AIDS Prevention for Latinas." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.4.c54j55g1l1818621.

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Minority women are dramatically over represented among female HIV disease patients. They also are more likely to be single heads of household, have less access to basic support and survival resources, and are subject to ethnic/racial discrimination across health and social institutions. They are in worse health generally than are other women and have higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that are co-factors for AIDS. They are more likely to engage in poverty-driven AIDS risk behaviors and are less likely to be reached by mainstream AIDS prevention education programs. Hence, the need for women-focused AIDS prevention strategies is especially critical in ethnic minority communities.

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Dhemba, Jotham Joaquim. "Dynamics of poverty in old age: The case of older persons in Zimbabwe." International Social Work 57, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872812454312.

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This article explores the factors associated with the syndrome of poverty in old age in developing countries in general and Zimbabwe in particular. Available data show that the majority of older persons in Zimbabwe are not covered by existing social security schemes. Furthermore, the benefits for the minority who are covered are not adequate. It is therefore necessary to adopt legislation specific to older persons through the establishment of old age pensions in order to address poverty in old age.

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Li, Nan. "Promoting Student Academic Success: Paying Attention To Learning Environmental Factors." Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) 9, no. 4 (September 20, 2012): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v9i4.7296.

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Achievement gaps become greater for schools with high-poverty and high-minority school population in the United States in recent years (Dillon, 2005; Lee & Slaughter-Defoe, 2004). The academic success of minority students is important because the nation cannot successfully compete in a global market when a considerable portion of its school population is under-educated. This study examines the academic success of African-American pre-service teachers. Analyzed qualitative data reveals that to promote academic success of minority students, nurturing successful personal factors through supportive learning environments is important. In the light of the study findings, suggestions are provided for teachers to assure student academic success.

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Braine, Naomi. "Sexual Minority Women Who Use Drugs: Prejudice, Poverty, and Access to Care." Sexuality Research and Social Policy 11, no. 3 (May 13, 2014): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13178-014-0155-8.

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Målqvist, Mats. "Abolishing inequity, a necessity for poverty reduction and the realisation of child mortality targets." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, Suppl 1 (January 22, 2015): S5—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305722.

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The first Millennium Development Goal (MDG 1) due in 2015 concerns poverty reduction. It has been claimed to be fulfilled on a global level, but still more than 1 billion people are living in abject poverty. There is a strong link between the economy and child survival, and only a minority of countries will have reached the MDG target for child mortality reduction by 2015. This paper discusses the relationship between poverty and child survival. It argues that a focus on equity is necessary to further reduce child mortality, through poverty reduction in absolute terms and also through targeting interventions for increased child survival to disadvantaged populations. The political will to actually achieve real change for those in greatest need is crucial but not to be taken for granted, and the distribution rather than the generation of wealth needs to be made a priority in the post-MDG era.

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McLay, Mark. "A High-Wire Crusade: Republicans and the War on Poverty, 1966." Journal of Policy History 31, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 382–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030619000125.

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Abstract:During 1966, the Republican Party launched a largely successful challenge to Lyndon Johnson’s “War on Poverty.” Republican candidates pursued an anti–War on Poverty midterm strategy, which made antipoverty programs the symbol of Great Society liberalism, rather than its more popular programs, such as Medicare or the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Moreover, in Congress and on the campaign trail, Republicans offered well-crafted alternatives—such as their “Opportunity Crusade”—to offset charges of negativism and elitism that had dogged the Grand Old Party (GOP) since the creation of the New Deal in the 1930s. Significantly, while the War on Poverty survived the year, the Republican minority was unexpectedly successful in making important changes to the Economic Opportunity Act during the antipoverty legislation’s renewal. Overall, the Republican challenge to the War on Poverty in 1966, boded ill for the program’s longevity when the GOP finally secured the levers of power.

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Nguyen, Luan, Tuyen Tran, and Hang Tran. "The impact of foreign aid on household income among ethnic minority groups in Vietnam." Ekonomski horizonti 22, no. 3 (2020): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor2003251n.

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Ethnic minorities in Vietnam account for only 15% of the population, but their poverty levels total more than 70% of the national poverty rate. Foreign aid has been an important financial resource supporting the socioeconomic development of ethnic minorities in Vietnam. Based on the empirical research in ethnic households conducted in nine provinces throughout the country, the effect of foreign aid on household income was estimated using the OLS regression model. The results show varying effects in the magnitude and significance among different ethnic groups. Specifically, aid has significantly improved the livelihood of the Cham and Xtieng populations, whereas the results for the Hmong population are detrimental. Consequently, it is suggested that aid and the ethnic policy should be reconsidered in order to reduce inequality among ethnic groups.

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Nash, Paul, Mark Brennan-Ing, Tonya Taylor, and Stephen Karpiak. "Intersectional Stigma and Barriers to Mental Health Among Older Adults With HIV in San Francisco." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2562.

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Abstract For older adults with HIV, forms of privilege and oppression (racism, poverty, limited access to quality education, and inequalities in criminal justice system) intersect with stigmatized social identities (immigrant status, non-cisgender identity, sexual orientation, depression, and addiction) that may increase cumulative burden of psychological distress, contribute to poor clinical outcomes, and create disparities in health care utilization. Using survey and focus group data from the San Francisco ROAH 2.0 (Research on Older Adults with HIV) site, we explored how layered intersectional identities (minority affiliation, gender and sexual orientation), life experiences (immigration, trauma) and forms of systemic oppression (poverty, low educational attainment, and incarceration) impact the utilization of mental health supportive services. Immigrants, minority women, and heterosexual men had higher burdens of depression compared to their white counterparts. Similarly, inhabiting multiple stigmatized identities resulted in both low and variable levels of mental health care utilization, suggesting need for targeted intervention efforts.

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Haines, Pavielle E., Tali Mendelberg, and Bennett Butler. "“I’m Not the President of Black America”: Rhetorical versus Policy Representation." Perspectives on Politics 17, no. 4 (June 4, 2019): 1038–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592719000963.

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A key question in the study of minority representation is whether descriptive representatives provide superior substantive representation. Neglected in this literature is the distinction between two forms of substantive representation: rhetoric versus policy. We provide a systematic comparison of presidential minority representation along these two dimensions. Barack Obama was the first African American president, yet his substantive representation of African Americans has not been fully evaluated. Using speech and budget data, we find that relative to comparable presidents, Obama offered weaker rhetorical representation, but stronger policy representation, on race and poverty. While we cannot rule out non-racial explanations, Obama’s policy proposals are consistent with minority representation. His actions also suggest that descriptive representatives may provide relatively better policy representation but worse rhetorical representation, at least when the constituency is a numerical minority. We thus highlight an understudied tension between rhetoric and policy in theories of minority representation.

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Sen, Atreyee. "Religious Spaces, Urban Poverty, and Interfaith Relations in India." Current History 121, no. 834 (April 1, 2022): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2022.121.834.123.

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The phenomenal rise of Hindu nationalism, and the implementation of a series of anti-minority decrees, has raised national and international concerns about the nature and culture of interfaith relations in contemporary India. While Hindu religious identities become increasingly politicized and integrated into nationalist propaganda, some ordinary Indians continue to defy absolute separation between communities. This essay suggests that urban poverty often becomes a context for entangled humanity across lines of faith, as the poor informally use their sacred spaces as arenas for retaining and reviving old and new forms of interreligious coexistence, mutual assistance, and reverence.

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Qu Qiumei and Tahir Mahmood. "POVERTY REDUCTION EXPERIENCE OF CHINA (1947-1978): LESSONS FOR PAKISTAN." Asia-Pacific - Annual Research Journal of Far East & South East Asia 40 (December 26, 2022): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47781/asia-pacific.vol40.iss0.5865.

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Poverty eradication is a critical issue that must be tackled as part of the world's economic and social progress. China and Pakistan have distinct ways of combating poverty. Since the start of reforms and opening up in 1978, China has taken a number of initiatives to alleviate poverty. The Communist Party China (CPC) Central Committee's decision on several major issues concerning rural reforms and development, adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the CPC's seventeenth Central Committee, proposed increasing support for the development of poor areas in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, and border areas. The CPC's 18th National Congress set the lofty objective of completing the construction of a moderately affluent society in all aspects by 2020. The report emphasized the parties tenaciously fought for aims to lift people out of poverty. This paper attempts to explore and understand the causes of Pakistan's poverty reduction strategies and the elements that impact it, utilizing the experience of China's poverty reduction to identify the difficulties that have arisen as a result of Pakistan's poverty reduction process. This research shows that the poverty policies of China are more mature, which led the country towards progress and today it is one of the leading economies in the world. Similarly, Pakistan after its independence is struggle to tackle the issue of poverty and still could not get rid of it and this is all because of the policies of Pakistan which could proof to be successful.

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Crump, Jeff. "Deconcentration by Demolition: Public Housing, Poverty, and Urban Policy." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20, no. 5 (October 2002): 581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d306.

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During the 1990s, local and federal urban policymakers, neoliberal politicians, and advocates for the poor came to a broad consensus: the geographic concentration of low-income, minority residents in public housing projects located in the inner city constitutes the fundamental problem facing US cities. Accordingly, to solve the problems allegedly associated with the spatial concentration of poverty, public housing, which concentrates low-income people in the inner city, must be demolished and the residents relocated. In this paper I argue that such federal public housing policies are based on a conceptually inadequate understanding of the role of space and of spatial influences on poverty and on the behavior of poor people. The use of spatial metaphors such as the ‘concentration of poverty’ or the ‘deconcentration of the poor’ disguises the social and political processes behind poverty and helps to provide the justification for simplistic spatial solutions to complex social, economic, and political problems.

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Walter, Rebecca J., Ruoniu Wang, and Sarah Jones. "Comparing Opportunity Metrics and Locational Outcomes in the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program." Journal of Planning Education and Research 38, no. 4 (May 22, 2017): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x17711224.

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The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) has been criticized for concentrating units in poor minority neighborhoods. This study analyzes the distribution of LIHTC units in San Antonio and assesses the opportunity provision in Texas’s 2016 Qualified Allocation Plan (QAP). Results indicate that since the incorporation of the opportunity provision in 2009, more tax credits have been allocated to neighborhoods with lower poverty and higher racial diversity. Maximum scoring neighborhoods in the current QAP are located in low-poverty communities that perform above average in socioeconomic conditions, but below average in accessibility and sustainable healthy environments.

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Robinson, Nicole R. "Correlations between teacher turnover and specific non-pecuniary school characteristics among secondary band and choral programs in a large urban district." International Journal of Music Education 36, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761417729547.

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This study was designed to examine teacher turnover among secondary choral and band programs ( N = 124) in a large, urban school district in the USA during a 10-year period (1999–2000 through 2009–2010). Also, this study investigated correlations between teacher turnover and specific non-pecuniary school attributes, including total school enrollment, total number of minority students enrolled in the school, total number of students classified as low-poverty, total number of suspension incidents, and total number of expulsion incidents. Overall, secondary music teacher turnover in this urban district negatively correlated with enrollment, minority, and suspension incidents. Specifically, middle school choral teacher turnover was negatively correlated with enrollment and minority, middle school band teacher turnover was negatively correlated with enrollment, minority, and suspension incidents and high school choral teacher turnover was negatively correlated with enrollment, minority, and suspension incidents. Interestingly, high school band teacher turnover was not correlated with any of the non-pecuniary school characteristics.

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