Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pouvoir éducatif'
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Calendreau, Louis. "Le pouvoir et l'autorité, leurs intéractions en milieu éducatif : la recherche historique et théorique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3031.
Full textAuthority is often considered as an attribute of power; it is the famous: ‘I am your leader therefore I have authority over you!’ The hypothesis made in this thesis is that power and authority are two separate concepts, with two separate purposes. Power is based on lawfulness, and aims at creating wealth, whereas the basis of authority is legitimacy. This legitimacy issues from the person who is being educated, not from the educator. It is granted to people who show a consistency between their values, their views, and their behaviour. The purpose of authority is the creation of affective security. This research work is based on personal experience and is supported by written works from other researchers. Two methods have been used. The first method is anamnesis, with the study of the case of four deviant adolescents whose behaviour can be explained using Kohlberg’s scale. One of the causes of their deviancy can be identified by drawing a parallel between the relations of these adolescents and adults in a position of power, and the absence of relations with ‘men of authority’. The second method consists in an analysis of twenty interviews with heads of holiday camps and leisure centres. Two forms of analysis have been used: an ‘empirical’ analysis, in order to find out what these people had in common; and an analysis made with a computer programme called ‘Alceste’, so that we could identify how these people differed from each other. There is a convergence in their ideas regarding the concepts of power and authority. The heads know power because they work in a structured institution, still they forget it if not fear it in the practice of their duties. As regards authority, they do not seem to know it as we know an entity according to its definition, but rather experience it in day-to-day practice. Alceste’s analysis revealed four groups with different positions, and still there was coherence in their practices. The results demonstrate that power as such cannot permit the training of a child for freedom. On the contrary, it leads to his submission through a distressing process of conditioning. These results also show that only authority can introduce a child into a world which existed before him and which will outlive him. The ‘man of authority’ will enable the individual to develop his personality by giving him permission to make his own choices, thus educating him about personal freedom. And last but not least, these results reveal that such an education already exists in holiday and leisure centres
Ait, Hamou Sarah. "La politique d'arabisation, enjeu multidimensionnel de pouvoir en Algérie : l'exemple du système éducatif de 1962 à 2000." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3026.
Full textThe arabization policy is a common policy to the three countries of Maghreb,Morocco,Tunisia and Algeria.However,it has been more problematical in Algeria than in the two other countries. Actuallly,the algerian case is interesting to study because of the fact that the linguistic equation is still challenging and remain unresolved.The latest evolutions in the linguistic field,as the example of the recognition of the berber language,Tamazight,as an official language,show that this topic cannot be considered as an acquis,and above all that it’s an issue that is very much tied to political power.In that context,we’ve chosen to discuss the arabization policy from 1962 to 2000 as a multidimensionnal issue,with the example of the educational system in order to give a more valid measure of its impact on the algerian system as a whole,the political,social and economic system as well as the ideological,linguistic and cultural one.This thesis is structured around two parts.The purpose of the first part is to establish the foundations of the construction of the algerian state,through an historical retrospective from the pre-colonial period to the post-colonial one.In this part,two chapters are submited.The first one deals with the algerian political system’s genesis into which the principles and foundations of the algerian state and its national formation;the second chapter focuses on the algerian identity building around the arabization policy and especially the generalization of the utilization of the arabic language,it questions the link between arabizaion policy and national and identitary building.On the other hand,the second part is about the political purposes of the arabization policy in Algeria in which the first chapter is empirical in order to get a clear understanding of the pratical side of the arabization policy,particularly in the educational system;and finally the second and last chapter is about arabization and power,it comes to include arabization policy in the heart of the algerian power and to point out the dynamics,the issues,concerns and struggles that are involved by such a policy.When we look at that perspective,we have questioned the role and function of the arabization policy in the algerian state and national building,and more generally in the edification of the algerian system and its particular characteristics.In other words,it is about deconstructing the links between a policy known as linguistic and the power that established it,by tracing the historical evolution of the arabization policy since Algeria’s independance in 1962 to 2000.Thus,we have seen how the arabization policy has been first presented as a linguistic policy,then as an identity policy and finally has proven to be a power policy and a real power game and struggle.In this way, from a strict theorical point of you,we’ve first presented a constructivist approach of a national building and identity building,by using theorists’ references such as those of Anthony D.Smith,Ernest Gellner,Benedict Anderson, Adrian Hastings,and Juan Linz.From an ideological point of view,arabization policy goes to arab-islamic ideology into which explicitly fit the conservative faction of the single party NLF(National Liberation Front)which has initiated it.The arab-muslim orientation is begining to dawn at the first sign of algerian nationalism.From there,the relation between arabization policy and arab-muslim ideology has been questioned.All these facts,political,ideological and identity ones set up a series of arabization laws. Amongst them,the main one is the law n°91-05 on the generalization of the utilization of the arabic language which has experienced difficulties.All of this points out how much arabization policy has been a very long process,discontinuous,and fragile.But especially,we have proved that arabization policy has been more a power issue serving the algerian political regime than a linguistic policy serving arabic language and population
Vallerie, Bernard. "La prise d'une décision comme moment éducatif : adolescents en situation de difficulté, suppléance familiale en accueil résidentiel et pouvoir d'agir." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/vallerie_b.
Full textThis research focuses on decisions concerning adolescents in difficulty in the setting of residential childcare. What are the conditions which might make these moments educational, when the adolescent is trying hard to make his point of view accepted (power of persuasion), while his parents exert their autority in determining the choices (power of decision) ? As concerns the role of the team of care workers, we make the hypothesis that it exerts an appropriate power of influence if it favours, on the one hand, the negotiation between the adolescent and his parents, on the other hand, the exercise of the parental authority. From which stems the interest of a synergistic development of these three powers. During interviews, the concerned persons are invited to describe the decision-making process relative to the organization of the holidays of five adolescents. It emerges from the analysis of the data gathered that the synergism supposes an unconditional prompting of the family. When the care workers are in the parental role, this only allows the development of a power persuasion by the adolescent but does not contribute to the emergence of a family negotiation or to the exercise of the parents' power. The reference to the notion of empowerment allows us to specify the benefits and the forms of partnership between the care workers and family members
Danquigny, Thierry. "Manières d'apprendre en contexte d'évolution technologique : puissance et pouvoirs d'agir d'étudiants à l'Université." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12001/document.
Full textOne of the problematics of higher education is to make its provisioning and teaching capacities attractive. In accordance with one's environment and more particularly with the new generations, born along with digital technologies, is on of the issues. Adapting to new audiences is also to understand and anticipate a forthcoming world.The purpose of this research is to assess and understand how digital technologies have been changing the way students learn. At LilleI University, in a context of technical transformations of the environment, this research regularly observe how students use the technological means available in their environment to handle their scholarship positively.This recurring analysis has been elaborated to estimate the gap between reality and the biased ideas we may have about the new student generations so called as "digital natives". Consequently, in science and education fields, on the grounds of a philosophic, anthropologic and sociologic reading grid, this research is aimed at establishing an appraisal on what a learning student can do while taking notes and revising. The perspectives of this research lead onto all the Education Possibilities and the development of students' capacities to set up an environment suitable to learning. The main contribution of this thesis is to balance the idea of a new generation while not narrowing the interest of its existence and focusing on the potential of the "Men and Technologies" dynamics
Darne, Sophie. "Pas sans l’obéissance : nouages du sujet dans le lien social." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20020.
Full textObedience puts us off. Associated with courage in Ancient Greece, seeked as a permanent frame of mind in the age of monasteries, and morally suspicious since the atrocities of World War II, obedience is, to say the least, infinitely complex. Although often likened to passivity, obedience veritably is an action on the part of the subject in its dealings with the social. It is one aspect of the subject’s general positioning within the social and the various utterances it involves, with the latter coming from a place of authority or domination in certain power dynamics. However, obedience works in specific ways for the educators responsible for teenagers in a children’s care home. It reveals itself as an ambiguous notion that this thesis attempts to conceptualise through a psychoanalytic exploration of the historical, philosophical, and sociological, discourses, from Antiquity to this day. I mobilise the notion of obedience to investigate the complex positionings of social education professionals. Being the paradigm of social relations, obedience brings us face to face with the question of the individual’s knotting together of its subjective position, the contingencies of the outside world, and the relationships the subject creates with authority and power. As at once a knotting in itself and that with which the subject has to negotiate, obedience either leads to a position of submission or to a choice, a decision. When this knotting does not happen, symptoms irrupt and set the subject in motion again, putting it to work. We could therefore say that it is as impossible not to obey as it is to be outside of any social rapport. It is, however, necessary to choose from the various subjective knottings of, and with, obedience; an inescapable, complex, and dynamic, choice, if ever there was one
Dudézert, Jean-Pierre. "Pouvoir et médias : la formation comme enjeu." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR1D031.
Full textUsing medias in training is teaching through "products" and by the means of networks. This scheme upsets the power relatiionships involved in the educational link and the whole process of education. The teacher is located like an outsider whereas the student enyoys a central position. This exclusion of the teachers is further reinforced by the restraints of the economical system imposed in teaching through the medias. The advantage of finances is no longer exclusively in the benefit of teachers ; it also regards technicians, the service constructers, the equipment suppliers. The organisation requirements stand alike in the same directions : for students organisation is given considerable importance and therefore knowledge appears more as the result of a system than of a master's devolution. Political views are hiding the reality : they describe a utopia while avoiding stressing the point that using techniques does alter the power relationships within education. Efficiency willconsist in getting in a position to handle the negative effects, mainly those connctedwith the normalizing aspect of the "products" if their manufactoring is no longer in a context theoretical or ideological pluralism
Ali, kore Aboubakar. "La socialisation politique au Tchad. Analyse critique du contenu des livres scolaires pour la période 1960-2005." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063566.
Full textLozach, Ugo. "Approcher le pouvoir : sociologie de l'action éducative des Instituts d'Études Politiques de province (1945-2018)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG057.
Full textThis research focuses on a network of second rank elite colleges – the “Instituts d’études politiques” (IEP) – that have grown throughout the second half of the 20th century in cities throughout France. They now appeal principally to a large population of upper-class students who are disproportionately from the intellectual fraction, and are mostly feminine. This appeal is due to the school’s curriculum that is highly selective and offers an alternative to sciences and humanities, which have traditionally comprised the educational choices of the French upper-classes. In articulating socio-historical, statistical and ethnographic approaches, this dissertation explores how the IEP’s curriculum differentiates candidates and students according to their dispositions and, over time, contributes to the stratification of the upper classes
Petit, Sandra. "Rapports de pouvoir dans deux écoles communautaires au Brésil." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081007.
Full textBased on a seven months fieldwork, this study describes power relations in two communitarian schools considered alternative, both of which are located in popular neighborhoods in salvador de bahia (brazil). Analysing the way power is structured, distributed and exercised within these schools, i call upon a dialectic hegelianinstitutionalist approach, thereby focusing on the contradictions and elements of clivage which underlie the communitarian projects of these counter-institutions. The main notions and values on which these communitarian projects are founded -local belonging, participation, conscientization, autonomy- are confronted or opposed to elements of clivage such as power practices derived from traditional ways of relating to authority, individual representations and motivations, differenciating social statuses within and outside the organization, unequal verbal and writing ability. These factors of particularization find themselves in turn negated by the process of institutionalization of the schools that lead them to extending their network of relations with the state, the church, ngos, political parties, the media, etc. , as well as to increasing dependency upon some of these external institutions. The schools' projects are analysed, at the end of the study, in the light of communitarian theories and of the ideological meaning attached to the word community in different areas of social intervention that refer to this notion
Ahmed, Farah Daher. "Savoir et pouvoir dans le contexte de Djibouti : des configurations éducatives entre constructions de savoir et relations de pouvoir." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1183/document.
Full textThis thesis is aimed at clarifying a topic poorly investigated by research in and on Djibouti: the links between Knowledge and Power in a context where have been interacting nomadic pastoral tradition and non-tradition of colonial origin. From findings of experience and the hypothesis based on them that Knowledge and Power have links, the thesis examines, in a multi-referential theoretical framework (within the meaning of Jacques Ardoino), and (among other sources) through an ethnographic approach preceded by a semi-structured interview-based exploration: Traditional Education, School Education of colonial origin as well as the Impact of the Schooling on the Traditional Social Relations. It brings to light the Traditional Educational Configurations and reveals age-structured Links between non-written Knowledge (Ancestral Knowledge) and Power. It also points at School and its Educational Configurations where is acquired a Knowledge which, in a way widely disconnected from its recipients’ age, gives Power. It shows that, in the colonial and postcolonial context, Schooling, through the Knowledge it gives and the Power linked to this Knowledge in terms of opportunities, impacts Traditional Social Relations. In fact, in the dominant colonial and postcolonial urban area, i.e the town, the schooled pastoralists are in higher position compared to their non-schooled fellow natives, even if the latter are older than them. It’s, for example, the case toward their own parents if these have not attended school. This creates a reversal situation compared to the Traditional Pastoral Assumption that the Individual knows more than those younger than him and so do the parents with regard to their children. The results of the thesis appear rather transferrable into similar contexts, especially in Africa. Finally, are pointed at in this research, in some relation with the topic investigated, social phenomena at work in Djibouti, and perhaps not only in Djibouti: Climate change effects, Rise of religiosity, Catachresis of Urban Items and Places, a Social Practice around the Consumption of Khat that we call the Khating, or a Sense of Regression which is shared in rural and urban Places of Sociability. These are interesting directions of research
Toledo, Figueroa Diana Evangelina. "Gouvernance, démocratie et développement : les dynamiques du pouvoir autour du processus de décentralisation éducative au Mexique (1982-2006)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0134.
Full textAccording to the « Good Governance » principles, this thesis analyses the undergoing dynamics in education between the State, Civil Society and the Private Sector in Mexico. A central element of the Good Governance principles is the importance granted to decentralization as a device to better manage complex and different contexts. International organisms see this policy as a means to increase accountability of governments regarding their population needs, reducing poverty and fostering a better development. One of the objectives of this thesis is to analyze whether this Good Governance principles can be applied to Mexico, which adjustments may be needed across lime for this or according to different group interests and the specific implications that may appear in the case of the Mexican education sector. The period analyzed starts from the economic crisis of 1982, a key moment for democratization mobilizations in Mexico. The year 2006 corresponds to the end of the first presidential period recognized internationally as "democratic". It is during this 24-year period that took place, in 1992, the signature of the Acuerdo Nacional para la Modernizacion Educativa (ANMEB), between the Government of Mexico, the Governments of Federal States and the Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educacion (SNTE). Through this agreement, a decentralization reform was planned, but also a reform of the career systems of education workers and curricular contents, although results today seem limited
COSTA, RENATO PONTES. "POUVOIR ET NÉGOCIATION COMME RELATIONS PÉDAGOGIQUES: MÉMOIRE DE LA RECHERCHE CONFRONTATIONS DES SYSTÈMES DE CONNAISSANCES DANS L ÉDUCATION POPULAIRE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34009@1.
Full textCette thèse doctorale a pour objectif principal la récupération et l analyse d une expérience de recherche, réalisée par le Serviço de Apoio à Pesquisa em Educação - SAPÉ (Service de Support à la Recheche en Education), entre 1987 et 1990, intitulée Confrontation de Systèmes des Savoirs dans l Éducation Populaire . L étude du SAPÉ a été structuré comme une investigation/action et a été effectué avec un groupe de jeunes et adultes, dans une situation d apprentissage de lecture et écriture (alphabétisation). Ce furent deux annés d action en classe, où les professeurs/rechercheurs, en effectuant les postulats et questions de ce genre de recherche, ont developpé une pratique d enseignement en cherchant : considérer la pensée de l autre comme objet d apprentissage ; mettre en jeu les relations de pouvoir ; et investir, à bon droit, dans une autre relation, reglée par la négoctiation et par l établissement de partenariats entre les différents systèmes de savoirs imbriqués dans cette relation pédagogique. Fondé sur les études sur la mémoire, comprise comme instance active et créatrice de sense, cet étude transite par des différentes temporalités de l éducation populaire au Brésil, à fin de récupérer la recherche Confrontation de Systèmes des Savoirs dans l Éducation Populaire . Cette mémoire plus vaste qui compose la portée de la recherche et les contextes y concernés a été rachetée essentiellement par l analyse des documents de la collection du SAPÉ et des rapports de la mémoire orale d un ensemble de éducateurs représentatifs de l éducation populaire au Brésil. Basé sur cette stratégie de travail, le processus de cet étude a été réalisé en trois étapes: a) la phase exploratoire d organisation et classification de la collection du SAPÉ ; b) la phase d approfondissement historique, quand on a analisé les antécédents qui ont influencé la formulation de l investigation-action ; et c) la phase de production de savoir, dans laquelle on a traité les deux principales catégories présentes dans le travail du SAPÉ: la relation entre savoir et pouvoir et l idée de négociation avec une relation pédagogique possible. Les résultés de la présente recherche non seulement récupère et analyse ce qui a été produit par le SAPÉ, le plus passionants et interessants qui ses découvertes avaient été. Cette récupération a revelé, d une part, un ensemble des concepts et pratiques qui constituent le champ de l éducation populaire dans le pays; et d autre part, dévoile une période de reconfiguration et reconstruction de champ pendant les deux decades qui ont suivi les coup d État civil-militaire de 1964. Cette thèse se constitue alors comme une contribution à la mémoire de l éducation populaire au Brésil, puisqu elle ajoute des nouveaux regards vers un champ en mouvement permanent et vers um moment historique de conformation et réivention de l éducation populaire dans le pays, en même temps qu enregistre et tire de l oubli l apprentissage laissée par une importante expérience de travail pour ce champ de savoir.
Esta tese tem como objetivo principal a recuperação e análise de uma experiência de pesquisa, realizada pelo Serviço de Apoio à Pesquisa em Educação – SAPÉ, entre 1987 e 1990, intitulada: Confronto de Sistemas de Conhecimento na Educação Popular. Esse estudo foi estruturado como uma investigação/ação e realizado com um grupo de jovens e adultos, numa situação de aprendizagem de leitura e escrita (alfabetização). Foram dois anos de atuação em sala de aula, em que os professores/pesquisadores, levando a cabo os pressupostos e questões deste tipo de pesquisa, desenvolveram uma prática docente buscando: considerar o pensamento do outro como matéria de aprendizagem; colocar em jogo as relações de poder; e investir, com propriedade, numa relação outra, pautada na negociação e no estabelecimento de parcerias entre os diferentes sistemas de conhecimento imbricados nessa relação pedagógica. Fundamentado nos estudos sobre a memória, entendendo-a como instância ativa e criadora de sentido, este estudo transita em diferentes temporalidades da educação popular no Brasil, para proceder à recuperação da pesquisa Confronto de Sistemas de Conhecimento na Educação Popular. Essa memória mais ampla, que compõe o escopo da pesquisa e os contextos nela implicados, foi resgatada, fundamentalmente, pela análise de documentos do acervo do SAPÉ e de relatos da memória oral de um conjunto de educadores representativos da educação popular no Brasil. Baseado nessa estratégia de trabalho, o processo deste estudo foi realizado em três fases: a) fase exploratória de organização e classificação do acervo do SAPÉ; b) fase de aprofundamento histórico, quando foram analisados os antecedentes que influenciaram a formulação da investigação-ação; e c) fase de produção de saber, em que se discutiram as duas principais categorias presentes no trabalho do SAPÉ: a relação entre conhecimento e poder e a ideia de negociação como uma relação pedagógica possível. Como resultados, a presente pesquisa não apenas recupera e analisa o que foi produzido pelo SAPÉ, por mais instigantes e interessantes que possam ter sido suas descobertas. Essa recuperação revela, por um lado, um conjunto de conceitos e práticas que configuraram o campo da educação popular no país e, por outro, desvela um período de reconfiguração e reconstrução desse campo, durante as duas décadas que se seguiram ao golpe civil-militar de 1964. Esta tese se constitui, então, como uma contribuição à memória da educação popular no Brasil, uma vez que agrega novos olhares para um campo em permanente movimento e para um momento histórico de conformação e reinvenção da educação popular no país, ao mesmo tempo em que registra e tira do esquecimento o aprendizado deixado por uma importante experiência de trabalho para esse campo de conhecimento.
Collet, Isabelle. "La masculinisation des études informatiques : savoir, pouvoir et genre." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100076.
Full textAmong the technical and scientific studies, the evolution of the computer sciences draws attention. From the 1980s, more and more men have chosen this field but in the same time, the number of women has remained the same. To explain this masculinisation, we have considered several hypotheses. First, we have observed computer science inherited representations from both mathematics and technology, especially at school. Then, we have narrated a psycho-history of computers to bring to light the power phantasms of computer's founding fathers. We have seen how computers open a window on a virtual world of rules where computer scientists play God. Thereafter, this computer fantasy reached computer scientists through science-fiction and micro-computers. By studying computer scientists' discourses and questionnaires completed by first-year science students, we observe the computer scientists' image has changed in the past 30 years. Before the micro-computer, ICT jobs were service industry scientific jobs. They were quite attractive to female scientists. Then, the representation of the computer scientist sticks on a man solely enthralled by his computer. However, computer scientists have many motivations and interests which have led them to choose this career. Unfortunately, women have difficulty in finding their place because of the stereotype pregnance. Moreover, in opposition to men, female students often choose this career thanks to their representation of their future job which is in touch with the reality of the workplace. It appears to be crucial to communicate about the ICT jobs at each step of school counseling
Ahmed, Einas. "L'élite du pouvoir au Soudan : hégémonie et recrutement politique (1985-2000)." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40019.
Full textSifaix, Stelly. "La "réservaction", un nouveau concept au service du pouvoir d'agir des enseignants et des élèves." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0008.
Full text“Reservaction” is a new concept serving teacher’s and pupil’s empowerment. From years of observations to many dialogues and analyses of speeches about school guided by official text: Common Base of Knowledge, Skills and Culture and Syllabus. Anytime in class, in teaching-learning process, a pupil’s retreat attitude is usually noticed face to the teacher and the group (of other pupils with some other level). In spite of evolution of time with ascension of exchanges, oral and idea of “excellence”, make learning less daunting is complex and plural work for the teacher, especially with the aim of preparation, readiness for action in Society… Nevertheless methods, organization or explanation, the way of making students work, go in the work, in reflexion, in exertion (effort), and make the thing of visible action could give some important traces/characteristics for improve and win effectiveness by and for all professionals of education
Courtois, Aline. "La formation des élites irlandaises : privilège, pouvoir et excellence dans les lycées privés irlandais." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010033.
Full textKambaji, Lukusa. "Éducation et environnement : l'école catholique zaïroise comme épée à double tranchant, objet et lieu de luttes idéologiques et de pouvoir hégémonique (1906-1977)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29437.
Full textPrairat, Eirick. "Techniques et pratiques punitives dans les petites écoles et collèges de France (XVIe - XIXe) : essai d'application de l'analytique foulcadienne du pouvoir." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21012.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to describe, in terms of Foucault’s analysis of power, the development of punitive techniques and practices in French schools from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. In other words, it aims to give an understanding of a historical evolution which can be described in rational as well as moral terms, not by presupposing large cultural entities or any kind of teleological perspective; but by carefully unraveling the interplay between to power relations (the educational and disciplinary techniques used) and the forms of knowledge (inferred from the objectification of the child) which are constitutive of the school class as a social group most conducive to the act of teaching as early as the sixteenth century
Guéguéniat, Franck. "Les activités et le pouvoir des recteurs d'Académie 1940-2009." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0137.
Full textThis thesis deals with Chief education officiers' Activities and power from 1940 to 2009 and recounts the stories of 264 women and men who have practised that profession. From various sources and surveys, the main features and evolutions of chief education officiers' missions have been established. Three periods can be identified : from 1940 to 1967, from 1968 to 1982 and from 1983 to 2009. They mark important changes in the cheif education officiers fonctions and responsabilities. Thus, the first period relative to the third Republic matches the setting up of often literary and irrevocable Chief education officers. The second period begins with May-June 1968 events which outlined new prerogative of the board of education ans strengthened the ministerial supervision. This period mainly matches the policization of the heads which led to a « reshuffle » each time the majority changed. With the third period came a « new academic governance » matching the implementation of the principales of decentralisation of power. Eventually this thesis is an analysis of geographic, historical and political evolution of the regional education authority, and analysis of appointments of the board of education and of the incumbents
Véjux, Carole. "Une exploration de l'activité encadrante en collège REP+ : prise de décisions entre prescription et pouvoir d'agir." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0016.
Full textOur research work (2015-2018) focuses on the work activity of three senior management staff (principal and deputy) on a flight deck at a REP + college (Priority Reinforced Education Networks) in the south of France. In this difficult work environment, how do these educational supervisors exercise their real activity, caught between the prescriptive norm and the decision to be made in the daily work? What power to act in the sense of Clot? How can this exploration develop the activity of the supervisors and that of the researcher? Our research-intervention (2015-2018) puts in synergy the theoretical field of the ergonomics of the activity around a methodological framework of the clinic of the activity, and the ethnographic approach. This association allows us to start answering questions about the activity of the supervisors and that of the researcher. In particular, the subjective mobilization of supervisors at work would be relatively structuring of their decision-making in the community. Beyond the prescribed standards, traces of activity on a more "sensitive" level seem to give substance to the decision-making process and help to legitimize the decision taken. Thus, the valorization of subjective and intersubjective traces could constitute a significant individual and collective training resource in the day-to-day management activity. In addition, the theoretical approach would constitute an exploratory track, as one of the ways of access to the emergence of the little visible traces in this environment, favoring a double professional development-researcher
Yaï, Thérèse. "L'effet de l'éducation sur le pouvoir de décision de la femme en Côte-d'Ivoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29197.
Full textPark, Changun. "Le rôle du pouvoir politique dans l'élaboration des programmes d'enseignement en Corée du Sud." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1033.
Full textSouth Korean national curriculums have been refined in 1945 under American governments and former educational theories influence, which are actually still in use nowadays in South Korea when developing new national curriculums. Curriculums have been systematically reformed each time a new government was elected in order to insure its own political legitimacy and introduce government ideologies through curriculums. Although governments have officially introduced sets of measures to consult with every members of educational environment before reforming curriculums, the latter haven’t actually been really able to take part in the reform and most of social requests haven’t really been considered. Considering those elements, we directed our research toward the introduction of American theories and political ideology in curriculums and toward the methods used by the government to reach these goals. Our work is articulated around six parts. The first part deals with important socio-historic and political events and defines specific terms used in the research. The second one analyzes the history and structures of curriculum development in South Korea. The third part defines various theories relative to curriculum development in South Korea, exemplifies the two points of view usually adopted in curriculum research field and presents the synthetic point of view we base our study on. The fourth and fifth parts respectively present our methodology and model of research. The sixth part gives in depth explanations regarding organization, decision making structures and administrative procedures involved in textbooks and curriculums development, publication and distribution
Le, Mat Aurore. "Parler de sexualité à l'école : Controverses et luttes de pouvoir autour des frontières de la vie privée." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D009/document.
Full textHow to talk about sexuality at school ? This controversial question was first officially answered in 1973 in a circular from the Ministry of National Education entitled « Information and sexual education ». This was the beginning of the public policy of sex education in the French school environment. Since then, the answers to this same question have evolved and have been the subject of clashes betweendifferent actors. If the battle line has been shifting, there has been a core stake : the definition of public and private in terms of sexuality. This Ph.D proposes to focus on this boundary that structures sex education policy from the 1970s to the present day, through the lens of three stories that unfold from the ministry's offices to the classroom. The first plot is that of a "war story", where troops of volunteers have been taking turns since the 1970s to define what the School is allowed to say or not to say to children. The second is an incursion into the heart of the strategies developed by state institutions to legitimize the role of the school in sex education. In the end, the third story appears to be a theatreplay, sometimes comic, sometimes tragic. Yet it does not take place on a stage but in front of the blackboard
Aguiar, José Vicente de Souza. "Narrativas sobre povos indígenas na Amazônia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49075.
Full textEsta pesquisa foi realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, e suas análises foram elaboradas a partir dos diálogos teóricos desenvolvidos e estimulados principalmente pela linha de pesquisa Estudos Culturais em Educação, em estado de estreita relação de aproximação aos pensamentos expressos por Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze e Jacques Derrida, fundamentalmente. Enquanto temática investigada, a pesquisa analisou a relação entre a produção das narrativas e os povos indígenas na Amazônia ao longo dos séculos XVIII ao XX. É importante frisar, sobretudo, que às narrativas, nesta pesquisa, foi atribuída a ideia de um dispositivo que serviu para nomear os sujeitos, de modo a classificá-los, hierarquizá-los e sugerir a criação de um sistema de pensamento social sobre os povos indígenas. A pesquisa foi constituída em quatro momentos. O primeiro corresponde ao lugar teórico e às ferramentas com as quais as análises foram produzidas, cuja finalidade consiste em construir uma forma de olhar visando sustentar a ideia de que a relação saber-poder pode, em certa circunstância, servir como instrumento pelo qual se procurou projetar a criação social do outro, além de também ressaltar o efeito político do uso da língua e da escrita. Dessa forma, a língua e a escrita são vistas como instrumentos sociais, com força de efeitos de verdades, pelos quais os tipos sociais negros e indígenas foram produzidos, principalmente por narrativas que os destacam na condição de sujeitos social e moralmente subalternos e selvagens. No segundo, são feitas as análises das narrativas produzidas pelos padres jesuítas João Daniel, Samuel Fritz, Cristóbal de Acuña, que atuaram na Amazônia e Antonio Sepp, que atuou na região do Rio Grande do Sul, procurando identificar como os povos indígenas foram incluídos nas narrativas de natureza religiosa. Evidentemente, estes textos revelaram as inúmeras iniciativas visando à transformação dos povos indígenas em cristãos e em sujeitos que incorporassem um modo de ser, de viver e de pensar ocidentalizado, pois dessa forma passariam a ser mais úteis para o projeto dos colonos e dos jesuítas que necessitavam de corpos e almas – corpos para os serviços braçais e almas para a expansão do cristianismo. No terceiro momento, foram analisadas as narrativas dos viajantes-cientistas-naturalistas do século XIX que passaram pela Amazônia e produziram narrativas a respeito dos povos indígenas, que reiteram a ideia anteriormente apresentada pelos jesuítas e, de igual modo, produziram suas narrativas apresentando os indígenas na condição de sujeitos rudes, preguiçosos, indolentes e selvagens. No último, sobre as narrativas da atualidade, os povos indígenas são apresentados, no mínimo, em três perspectivas distintas. Na primeira, são vistos como os sujeitos que representam obstáculos para o progresso da nação, pois continuam sendo classificados como povos pouco afeitos ao trabalho, além de suas terras demarcadas se constituírem em áreas que não podem ser utilizadas para a criação e plantação como pretende um setor do agronegócio; no segundo, são apresentados como sujeitos que vivem em completa harmonia com a natureza e, por isso, são considerados seus protetores; na terceira, os indígenas são vistos como sujeitos de direito e são apoiados diante das ações do Estado e daqueles que pretendem usar as terras indígenas. De qualquer forma, acredita-se que as narrativas produzidas e analisadas nesta pesquisa, sejam do passado, sejam da atualidade, principalmente as emergentes da relação saber-poder, religiosas ou laicas, agiram e agem no sentido de classificá-los, de hierarquizá-los e de estimular uma forma de pensamento da sociedade envolvente a respeito dos povos indígenas, que reconhece a ideia de respeito às diferenças, embora reaja negativamente quando se trata da efetivação objetiva dos direitos constitucionais e sociais dos indígenas.
Fressinel-Mesquita, Elodie. "Un moment et un temps dans la réalité sociale et éducative contemporaine brésilienne : des relations raciales et sociales traversées par une institutionnalisation ambiguë du principe de colonialité." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0007/document.
Full textIn this doctoral work, I reflect on contemporary Brazilian society and how its history has been marked by Portuguese colonization and slavery, which gained considerable ground under the transatlantic treaty. By viewing interbreeding as the guarantor of social unity, thereby keeping alive the myth of a racial democracy, contemporary society politically and institutionally recognizes that populations differ on social and racial grounds. As a result, a latent but very real racism exists, as well as multiple, increasingly apparent inequalities, of which Brazilian classrooms are a reflection. Under the ethnicization of Brazilian public policy and the introduction of affirmative action, which is a tool for a politics of positive discrimination, institutional means were put in place at the turn of the 21st century to reduce inequalities and other consequences of racism, such as a system of racial quotas and the introduction of mandatory African and Afro-Brazilian cultural-historical studies; and all this in an effort to better integrate the black and mixed Brazilian population. This work uses decolonial thinking to prove that, deep down in the Brazilian social-historical imagination, the coloniality of power, knowledge, and being, racialized social relations not only exists, but is also being perpetuated under the guise of a Eurocentric and Occidentalist vision, as well as a norm implicitly rooted in the ideology of “whitewashing”.The work is based on a multi-referential approach, which blends together a socio-historical approach, the clinical process and the theoretical framework of Institutional Analysis. It also puts forward, through field research in Ribeirao Preto, a town in the state of Sao Polo, ethnographical observations and comprehensive interviews, all of which will allow me to present a dual analysis of my field research.Analyzing words, speeches, behaviors, and lived experiences is crucial to understanding that these different forms of coloniality manifest themselves in the daily lives of people. It also proves that there is a tension between institutional aims and the putting in place, in real life, of a politics that calls itself into question and favors what I call an “integrating-exclusive” paradigm. This paradigm is illustrated by the necessity of auto-identifying and categorising a part of the Brazilian population, in an attempt to benefit from the production of inclusive measures perceived and experienced as excluding and unjust.Finally, this work is an attempt at once to conceptualize the notion of bio-power, and to reflect on the educational stakes rooted in attempts to direct us towards a decoloniality process, by way of a critical perspective capable of calling out and pointing fingers at the destruction of social imaginaries. In doing so, we hope to transform the institutionalization of this implicit, yet very real, paradigm
Eu queria, nesse trabalho de doutorado, refletir sobre a atual sociedade brasileira, uma sociedade que se origina numa história marcada pela colonização e escravidão portuguesa que, sob o comércio transatlântico, tem crescido consideravelmente. A era contemporânea, depois de ter mantido o mito da democracia racial colocando a mestiçagem como garantia da unidade social do país, reconheceu políticamente e institucionalmente uma diferenciação racial e social da população, a existência de um racismo latente mas real e várias desigualdades que se cristalizam e são também ilustradas dentro da escola brasileira. No contexto de uma etnicização das políticas públicas brasileiras e da introdução, a partir dos anos 2000, das ações afirmativas, ferramentas de uma política de discriminação positiva, dispositivos institucionais vão ser aplicados, como um sistema de cotas raciais, a introdução, no currículo escolar, da obrigação de ensinar a história e a cultura africana e afro-brasileira, com o objetivo de reduzir essas desigualdades e as conseqüências do racismo para uma integração melhor da população brasileira negra e mestiça. À luz do pensamento descolonial latino-americano, o desafio deste trabalho foi destacar a existência e a perpetuação, no imaginário sócio-histórico brasileiro, de uma colonialidade do poder, do conhecimento e do ser perpetuam relações sociais racistas e racializadassustendadas por uma visão eurocêntrica e ocidental e uma norma implícita de ideologia do branqueamento. Com o apoio de uma abordagem teórico e metodológico multireferencial que combina a abordagem sócio-histórica, a abordagem clínica e o referencial teórico da Análise Institucional, e o estabelecimento, no território do estudo, Ribeirão Preto, cidade do Estado de São Paulo, de observações de tipo etnográficas e de entrevistas comprehensivas, apresentei uma análisedupla dos meus dados de campo. A análise das falas, dos discursos, dos comportamentos, das situações vivenciadas oucontadas possibilitaram apontar como essas diferentes formas de colonialidade se manifestaram no e por os percursos de vida e no cotidiano das pessoas encontradas. Destacou-se também uma tensão entre o objetivo institucional declarado e a implementação de uma política questionada no terreno que poderia fomentar um paradigma que denominei de integrando-excluindo, exemplificado pela necessidade de auto-identificação e de categorização de uma parte da população brasileira, para poder beneficiar da obtenção de medidas integradoras que possam ser percebidas e vivenciadas como excludentes e injustas. Por fim, proponho um trabalho de conceptualização em torno da noção de biopoder e umareflexão em torno de desafios educativos visando avançar para um processo de descolonialidade por uma perspectiva crítica questionando a desconstrução das significações imaginárias sociais numa perspectiva de transformação da institucionalização deste paradigma implícito mas muito presente
Acotchou, Florent Comlan. "Autorité et pouvoir dans l’enseignement supérieur au Bénin : analyse socio-anthropologique de la relation pédagogique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0081.
Full textThe guarantors of every culture are always worried about transmitting their values to young generations for their safeguard. In the field of education in general, and higher education in particular, in addition to cultural values, some universal knowledge and acquaintances which help to find a job as well as to structure the personality of those who benefit from these learnings, are also transmitted. The university organization is also a social constructed and this organization is an assembly of relations of powers that the actors establish together. In order to achieve this mission and make the communication of the knowledge easier and therefore reach the objectives of the organization, teachers are ipso facto invested with a power awarded by the academic institution. But this power finds its strength and its consistence only when the holder is really the authority approved not only by the model and the reference he tries to represent for the learners but also by his skills and the undisputed master of his teaching subject. Nevertheless, in Benin, this power tends to be exaggerated by teachers who are themselves influenced by their native culture. Because they are the ones « who know », they consider themselves as traditional leaders, demigods to whom the learner owes a total submission. There we are, in a model of social reproduction greatly described by Pierre Bourdieu who confirms the fact « the stay in the water doesn’t turn a tree trunk into a crocodile », according to the saying of Saydou Badian. It means that despite his training, his skills and degree which make him a « new being », a modern being, the teacher in Benin will always find it difficult to get rid of a cultural background which belongs to him and which is so specific. The learner is aware that his social being because of his future career is generated by the knowledge which allows to be graduated. To paraphrase Victor Hugo, I venture to say that each learner we teach is a subject, a social actor we gain. The knowledge is then marketed in the university chosen as an investigation field. The development of my research subject will take advantage from a great contribution of the social and cultural anthropology, the sociology of power and the pedagogy
Lapique, Virginie. "Compétences orales et formation du citoyen : des apprentissages en interaction(s)." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996612.
Full textMaingari, Daouda. "Les résistances au changement de pédagogie à l'université : Analyse plurielle de résistance chez les enseignants et les étudiants." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUEL203.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of the various forms of resistance to changes in the pedagogy at the University of Yaoundé. It brings to light the various forms of resistance which occur among teachers and students and it presents the meanings and orientations of such resistance trough an analysis of the way in which power is appropriated and executed in the educational system. The nature of the various forms of resistance exhibited and the advantages these provide to teachers ans students can best be understood by means of a structural and organizational overview of the way in which pedagogy functions socio-culturally, psycho-sociologically, economically ans institutionally. The thesis starts with a presentation of the actual state of african universities in general and those in the cameroons in particular, exposing their specific pedagogical problems. It continues with theoretical overviews of resistance and an analysis of data gathered during surveys in the field. The results lead to suggestions for a new educational outline based on what we call search for solutions pedagogy. This is a pedagogy in which rhe protagonists of educational action are associated with a process resolving theoretical or practical problems within their environment. It aims at renewing the links between teachers and students on one hand, and between the university and society on the other
Kukreja, Dimple. "Essays on Gender, Households and Social Norms." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://publications.ut-capitole.fr/43168/.
Full textPardanaud-Landriot, Chloé. "Plumes royales : l’art épistolaire chez les souverains et souveraines de Navarre et de France au XVIe siècle." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STET2166/document.
Full textThe first part shows what is known toda y about the Royals of Navarre and France in the sixteenth century. It lists thepublications of their writings as well as different researchers' points of view about them up to now. Finally it specifiesunder which criteria the studied corpus bas been established (choice of letters, unpublished works).The second part describes the cultural and material contexts of the royal correspondence. It demonstrates the genre ofletter writing during the Renaissance period, the education and culture of princes and princesses as weil as the materialconstraints which influenced the ability of writing their letters.The last two parts are devoted to the study of letters. The language used by the kings and queens depended on therelationship between them and their correspondents. This makes a distinction between letters to members of the publicand those intended for personal correspondence. Beyond this distinction, it is noticed thal the differences in styledepend also on the exercising (or not) of royal authority, as well as on the gender of the writer. The different genresused in writing are in no way "natural" but dictated by society in order to address specific requirements.From these works the following hypothesis can be made: the kings' and queens' practices of letter writing influencedthe theories of the period. Furtherrnore, this study confirms thal beyond the practice of a universal way of writing, themajority of kings and queens bad their own unique persona! style
Roaux, Cécile. "Le directeur d'école, un marginal au centre du système scolaire : analyse du pouvoir à l'école primaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB134.
Full textThis thesis explores the way in which power relations are constructed in French primary schools, by posing the question of the reality of the "power" of school principals. Power is mainly understood in the Croatian sense, as the control of areas of uncertainty by the various actors involved. French research is scarce on the issue of primary school principals, even though they abound on the issue of school heads. But primary school is not a legally autonomous institution like college or high school. It therefore has no legal and financial autonomy. The director is not a "headteacher", he does not have the administrative status. The emergence of primary school in France, analyzed historically in the first part, shows a school model under strong hierarchical supervision, in a highly centralized system with significant bureaucratic and regulatory legitimization. This legitimacy is challenged by the emergence of new actors and new policies, with a view to greater efficiency, which translates into a demand to work as a "project" at the local level. The mistrust of many teachers in the face of what is received as an injunction, has repercussions both on the close (NEI) and distant hierarchy (circulars, decrees, changes in policies depending on the electoral hazards) but above all on the direction school responsible for implementation. This is put in perspective with different sociological models (second part) and in particular with the sociology of Crozier's organizations related to more recent models (Mintzberg, Boltanski among others).The triangulation of the methods allows to obtain a vision and data at the same time generalist, via a survey by questionnaire (N = 5 747 among which 2 211 directors of school), singular by an ethnography integrated in the daily work of a director d and complementary from interviews with principals (N = 15) and with the immediate hierarchy (Inspectors, N = 5) and decision-makers, up to the ministerial cabinet. Epistemologically and methodologically, this thesis assumes the complementarity of quantitative and qualitative methods (Part Three). This work shows the tension, in the time of a change of frame of reference, between the educational freedom and the individualism which results from it and a call to the work "collective" according to the forms of the "New public management". It also shows the hesitations between this model of "autonomy" and the local and a centralized pyramidal model. He examines the paradox of a non-hierarchical, status-free school leadership and the resulting psychologization of relationships. We examine both the point of view of the directors and the point of view of the teachers on the particularly important issue analytically of the status of the first who cleave the functions. An examination of an important body of work shows the reasons and the consequences (fourth part). An integrated ethnography and interviews of directors (fifth part) bring out more precisely all the issues and power conflicts in a specific team; the occupation of the premises, the use of the school cooperative's money, the relations with the parents and the extracurricular for example, completes the portrait of the director in "marginal secant". Interviews with the superiors complete the situation of principals (Part Six). The director is undoubtedly a "secant marginal", but his power "is limited, sometimes disputed. Assigned to the "dirty work" of policing, he is at the center of games and challenges of complex alliances in and out of his school. It is finally examined whether and under what conditions it can be or become an "ingenious actor" capable of training a team beyond its only charisma
Esta tesis explora la forma en que las relaciones de poder se construyen en las escuelas primarias francesas, planteando la cuestión de la realidad del "poder" de los directores de las escuelas. El poder se entiende principalmente en el sentido croata, como el control de las áreas de incertidumbre por parte de los diversos actores involucrados. La investigación francesa es escasa en el tema de los directores de escuelas primarias, a pesar de que abundan en el tema de los directores de escuelas. Pero la escuela primaria no es una institución legalmente autónoma como la universidad o la escuela secundaria. Por lo tanto, no tiene autonomía legal y financiera. El director no es un "director", no tiene el estado administrativo. El surgimiento de la escuela primaria en Francia, analizado históricamente en la primera parte, muestra un modelo escolar bajo una fuerte supervisión jerárquica, en un sistema altamente centralizado con una importante legitimación burocrática y regulatoria. Esta legitimidad se ve desafiada por la aparición de nuevos actores y nuevas políticas, con miras a una mayor eficiencia, lo que se traduce en una demanda para trabajar como un "proyecto" a nivel local. La desconfianza de muchos docentes frente a lo que se recibe como medida cautelar, tiene repercusiones tanto en la jerarquía cercana (NEI) como distante (circulares, decretos, cambios en las políticas dependiendo de los riesgos electorales) pero sobre todo en la dirección escuela responsable de la implementación. Esto se pone en perspectiva con diferentes modelos sociológicos (segunda parte) y, en particular, con la sociología de las organizaciones de Crozier relacionadas con modelos más recientes (Mintzberg, Boltanski, entre otros). La triangulación de los métodos permite obtener una visión y datos a la vez generalistas, a través de una encuesta por cuestionario (N = 5 747 entre los que se encuentran 2 211 directores de escuela), singular por una etnografía integrada en el trabajo diario de un director d y complementario de las entrevistas con los directores (N = 15) y con la jerarquía inmediata (inspectores, N = 5) y los responsables de la toma de decisiones, hasta el gabinete ministerial. Epistemológica y metodológicamente, esta tesis asume la complementariedad de los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos (Parte Tres). Este trabajo muestra la tensión, en el momento de un cambio de marco de referencia, entre la libertad educativa y el individualismo que resulta de ella y un llamado al trabajo "colectivo" según las formas de la "Nueva gestión pública". También muestra las dudas entre este modelo de "autonomía" y el modelo piramidal central y local. Examina la paradoja de un liderazgo escolar no jerárquico y libre de status y la consiguiente psicologización de las relaciones. Examinamos tanto el punto de vista de los directores y el punto de vista de los profesores sobre el tema particularmente importante analíticamente del estado de los primeros que escindieron las funciones. Un examen de un cuerpo importante de trabajo muestra los motivos y las consecuencias (cuarta parte). Una etnografía integrada y entrevistas de directores (quinta parte) ponen de manifiesto con mayor precisión todos los problemas y conflictos de poder en un equipo específico; la ocupación de las instalaciones, el uso del dinero de la cooperativa escolar, las relaciones con los padres y las actividades extracurriculares, por ejemplo, completa el retrato del director en "secante marginal". Las entrevistas con los superiores completan la situación de los directores (Parte Seis). El director es indudablemente un "marginal secante", pero su poder "es limitado, a veces disputado. Asignado al "trabajo sucio" de la policía, él está en el centro de los juegos y los desafíos de las alianzas complejas dentro y fuera de su escuela. Finalmente es examinado en qué condiciones puede ser o convertirse en un "actor ingenioso" capaz de entrenar a un equipo más allá de su único carisma
Smirnova, Tatiana. "L'action publique saisie par des mouvements étudiants et scolaires : l'enseignement supérieur, la vie politique et l'expérience militante au Niger (1960-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0679.
Full textLocated at the intersection of the sociology of social movements, higher education studies and public policy scholarship, this research focuses on the issues of political regulation embedded in the relationship between political authorities and student protest which co-produce policies and politics in higher education in Niger. Covering fifty years of regime change and successions of coups d'état (1960-2010), the research is grounded in a historical approach. Based on extensive material provided by three periods of fieldwork in Niger, it draws on seventy-five semi-structured interviews with former activists, many of whom were high-ranking officials, as well as on a wide range of activist and state archives, documents concerning the development of Niger's education system, local newspapers and reports of international organizations. Focusing on historical sociology of higher education in Niger, the research shows that the process of political regulation expresses itself via socialization of political and social elites through their activist experience. This finally contributes to the reinforcement of mutual dependance between students and the authorities while the latter concert politics into policies and vice versa by reallocating and redistributing ressources as well as by suppressing and controlling students
Moguerou, Laure. "Vouloir et pouvoir scolariser ses enfants : pratiques éducatives à Dakar (Sénégal) sous le prisme des inégalités sociales, familiales et de genre." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0040.
Full textThe evolutions of primary schooling in Dakar between 1990 and 2000 show that access to school and schooling paths depend more and more of parents decisions. Because school is compulsory only "within the means of the State", it relies on parents to put and keep their children in school. Stagnation of primary schooling in Dakar could be the sign of a partial reject of school by families. But then, how interpret the catch up of girls schooling rate ? The schooling strategies show that most people have trouble engaging in long term schooling and that they develop different expectations towards school based on the believed or real benefits of school certification. The fact that the schooling rate of girls is catching up on the one of boys reflects the improvement of girls' paths as well as the partial avoidance of school by boys. Boys seem to be even more tempted to quit the school system that their vision of social roles follow tradition and that school does not keep its promises anymore. Girls are staying longer, yet it is in the impatient wait of marriage. Finally, the school system in Dakar is opening to girls, but mainly because it is not anymore the sacred way of social success for boys, and not because of a reject of traditional gender roles
Laurent, Pauline. "Entre pouvoir et vouloir apprendre, évolution des relations entre les fonctions exécutives et l’apprentissage autorégulé de l’enfance à l’adolescence." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100014.
Full textSelf-regulated learning integrates motivational theories such as self-efficacy and goal setting, but also learning management strategies such as monitoring. It is often pointed out as responsible for the academic success or failure of a learner. Self-regulated learning can be defined as the thoughts, strategies and behaviors activated by a learner to achieve a predefined goal (Shunk & Zimmerman, 1998). This concept shares many points with the executive functions and metacognitive capacities (monitoring and control processes) which led us to examine, through various studies, the relationship between these two concepts. This research project aims at better understanding the links between the learner’s cognitive control (executive functions and metacognition) and the ability to regulate learning. We particularly focused on analysing the evolution of these relations between childhood and adolescence. Three studies were conducted. The first enabled us to develop a self-regulated learning assessment scale for CM1 and CM2 students. In addition, we studied the links between the executive functions, metacognition and self-regulated learning among the same population, as well as measured the effect of self-regulated learning training for first-year high school students. The results of these studies were combined with those of a previous research focused on the adults (Laurent, Fenouillet, Kaplan, Pinabiaux, & Montalembert, in preparation). They demonstrate a non-linear evolution of some parameters during development. Indeed, the abilities of inhibition and mental flexibility of students in CM1 and CM2 are related to their ability to regulate learning while we observe no significant relationship in the group of adolescents. Among the adults, we had previously found that executive difficulties were compensated by an increased use of self-regulation strategies (Laurent et al., in preparation). Contrary to our expectations, the adolescents did not benefit from the self-regulated learning training, both in the short and the long terms. The non-linear development of cerebral maturation as well as the evolution of the interest in school activities during development could be an explanation. This research brings new insights into the links between self-regulated learning and executive functions, as well as into the metacognitive mechanisms underlying the learning process. Future research may focus on the study of groups known for their executive disturbances or weak metacognitive abilities
Righi, Dominique. "Les images dans les manuels de lycee (manuels d'histoire, de français, de philosophie et de langues vivantes publiés de 2000 à 2003) : les représentations des pouvoirs et des conflits politiques de 1815 à nos jours." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5014.
Full textThroughout this research, two levels of analysis are carried out in parallel _one relating to the original images and the other concerning the modes of reproduction in the handbooks_ from a historical and history of art perspectives. The introduction delivers the historiography of the subject and analyzes the sources, i. E. The programs and the images chosen by the authors of the handbooks according to their nature and their place in these works. The first part concentrates on the political power representations and the second relates to the armed confrontations representations. The third part continues with the civilian images during the conflicts and the traces of the wars including genocides, and finishes with the various memories representations. A volume of appendices counts the exhaustiveness of the images reproduced _3651 images_ as well as the precise statistics in order to show and to justify the established reports
Bantigny, Ludivine. "Le plus bel âge ? : jeunes, institutions et pouvoirs en France des années 1950 au début des années 1960." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0021.
Full textSnoussi, Syrine. "Gouverner avec art. Le problème de l’exercice du pouvoir dans les premiers miroirs des princes arabo-musulmans." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0036/document.
Full textThe first mirrors for princes appeared in the Arabo-muslim world at the beginning of the 8th century, under the authority of three secretaries of chancellery, kuttāb, namely Sālim abū al-‛Alā, ‛Abd al-Ḥamīd ibn Yaḥia and ‛Abd-Allāh ibn al-Muqaffa‛. By analyzing this early discourse about the art of government, we aim at determining what can be stated about politics in this transition period between the Umayyad and Abbassid dynasties. After first introducing the philosophical and philological background to this discourse (to the discourse of the mirrors for princes), we shall, in the second part of this study, focus on the government of the self and look into the practices that are suggested to the Prince through the rhetorical use of fables and presentation of spiritual exercises. The third part will deal with the situation of the political counsel, showing that the tension generated by the power relationship between the wise man and the Prince does not cancel the search for frank-speech, regarded as an ideal in the counselling relationship. The fourth part will finally examine the terms and conditions of the government of others by studying the ethic of appearance imposed upon the Prince, the typology of governments and the different duties expected of the sovereign, some which, such as justice, distributive and corrective, and care give rise to specific models of government. Our investigation on the relationship established between the Prince and his chosen assistants and on the model of virtue that he is required to embody for his subjects eventually reveals the obvious continuity between the government of the self and the government of others. The Prince must not only take charge of his people but also charm them by a government that can never be really qualified as pastoral
Thomauske, Nathalie saskia. "Des constructions de "speechlessness" : une étude comparative Allemagne-France sur les rapports sociaux langagiers de pouvoir dans le domaine de l'éducation de la petite enfance." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD050/document.
Full textGermany and France face similar challenges concerning questions of immigration. Both countries are nation states, in which the majoritarian society is convinced that the people should be unified through speaking a common language. This conception of the nation-state is nevertheless strongly opposed by plurilingual people (of Color). The aim of the thesis is to analyze how a discrimination of plurilingual children is constructed and legitimized in daily life in the domain of early childhood education.To this end, focus group discussions with practitioners and parents have been conducted and analyzed following a constructionist “grounded theory” approach. Findings show, among others, that practitioners do not know or are insecure of how to deal with children who do not speak the target language. Some of them react by expecting children to adapt and to learn the language on their own through "language submersion". The “Other” languages of the children and their parents are relegated to the private context and their speakers are silenced in the ECEC setting. Other practitioners criticize these de facto language policies and describe how they contribute to support children in expressing themselves in their favorite language(s)
Pottier, Agnes. "Les parents-chercheurs du quartier du Plateau : l'éducation populaire comme facteur d'émancipation : une recherche-action au sein d'un centre social associatif de l'Agglomération Montargoise." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2152.
Full textThis study is based on the observation of a citizen project that was implemented in an underprivileged area of Montargis, under the aegis of a « Social center » called AMA (Association Montargoise d’Animation).First, the author traces the origins of French urban policy, and describes its various administrative and operative levels. Then, she relates how some of the underprivileged citizens of this area joined the particular AMA project she has studied and in which she acted as a methodological consultant. She goes on describing how, together, they decided to conduct a survey with the aim of identifying factors which determine successful results at school, and how they wrote and published an 82 pages booklet in which they develop their findings. She makes it clear that she just recommended some research methods, without directly interfering in the survey itself.Finally, she shows that through the research they themselves conducted, the people involved in the project learned to take a step back from immediate social reality. This allowed them to overcome the effects of social stigmatization and to fully assume their citizen status. Far from submitting to transmitted knowledge, that change of attitude is an outcome of the new part they were induced to play in society. In that sense, such an experiment becomes an experience which belongs in the domain of people’s education (éducation populaire), that is to say a bottom-up education process in which teaching relies on learners’ knowledge instead of relying exclusively on teachers’ knowledge
Aubourdy, Florence. "L' imposture scolaire ou l'impasse du désir." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30076.
Full textSchool is becoming the place of a growing malaise which endangers the egalitarian access to educational resources and perverts the learner/ knowledge relationship. This causes an increase in cases of submission, rejection, violence, sources of tension and resistance to learning with unavoidable repercussions on society. Acts of exclusion, segregation, imposed career choices, justifications of an individualistic and merchant logic brandished by the current productivist world. A fundamental misunderstanding of the notions of difference, separation, cut-off that shake the very principles of reason and adversely foster an unease, not to mention a hatred of schools and institutions. The thinking aims to demonstrate, based upon psychoanalytic concepts, how evaluation, a new techno-scientific muse, draws out the figure of the current educational imposture through the genesis of a twisted vision and a “case-file child” logic. This perversion permeates pedagogical practices, fostering a symbolic, physical and moral violence for a growing number of pupils. The desire deadlock threatens the very symbolic structures and construction of thought itself. As a consequence, to question the educational “thing”, on the threshold between enjoyment and sacrifice, forces the educational institution to confront the issue: what is it that needs to die a slow death so that can be reborn, through a humanity-bearing way of thinking, the desire for a shared world in “the great common house”?
Annous, Rana. "Systématisation d’une expérience de production participative de savoirs sur le pouvoir d’agir en santé (buccodentaire) avec des femmes sourdes communiquant en français et signeuses en langue des signes québécoise à Gatineau-Ottawa dans une perspective d’éducation populaire." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40110.
Full textLavergne, Rémi. "A vontade de incluir : "Regime de verdade", recomposição das práticas e estratégias de apropriação a partir de um dispositivo de inclusão escolar em fortaleza." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20037/document.
Full textMonitored in their pedagogical activities by a group of University researchers, the teachers of a public school in Fortaleza try to practice the principle of a generalized school inclusion to all children with special needs, such as is guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. In the first part of the study, through a brief account of both, the public school and special education in Brazil, as well as a careful bibliographical review about inclusion, it is presented the sociopolitical basis on which such an action of continuous formation for inclusion takes place. In the second part, based on the works of Michel Foucault and, complementarily, on the studies of classical sociologists (Weber, Bourdieu, etc.), an etnography of the pedagogical formation, which lasted more than two years, will show how a process of formation with the aim of inclusion constitutes in a political strategy. Therefore, it does not escape from the relations of domination that can be found in any other kind of the so-called “traditional” formation which, in the inclusion environment, is so condemned. In the third part, the study demonstrates how certain “regimes of truth”, disciplinary techniques, and “technologies of self”, which permeates all along the continuous formation, contribute to a production of multiple knowledge and effects of subjectivation that will allow the emergency of unique subjects that define themselves in function of what they took from that experience or in function of the positioning they adopted in regards to it
Grandval, Manon. "Protection de l'enfance : penser un environnement capacitant pour la parentalité. : par l'espace, le temps et l'interrelationnel." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MULH2801.
Full textIn this thesis, we seek to a better understanding about the potential place of parents in child protection institutions, through a developmental aim. Through historical, legislative, and conceptual contextualization, we found that working with families can be divided into four areas: substitute, support, family education, and coeducation. A paradigm change appears: the empowerment. By refocusing on the environmental aspect of the accompanying, we ask ourselves: Under what conditions can child protection institutions be enabling environments for parenthood?We hypothesize that two conditions must be met to create an enabling environment for parenthood: parents and their power to act must both have a symbolic place and a physical place in the relationship with professionals.In a hermeneutical and phenomenological approach, we opt for a research-intervention process with five institutions of the same Alsatian association. To verify our hypotheses, we use three methodological tools: a collection of data in the families' files, focus groups with professionals, semi-structured interviews with parents. Results show space, time and interrelation at the heart of designing of an enabling environment for parenthood, where the implicit meets the explicit
Tanguy, Philippe. "Etude et optimisations d'une communication à haut débit par courant porteur en ligne pour l'automobile." Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0015.
Full textThe automotive industry use more and more electronic for comfort, for the security,. . . However, the manufacturers observed a bottleneck in wiring harnesses. We propose to study a new communication network which does not need new wires: the power line communication (PLC). In a first step, we realized a study of feasibilty with indoor modem (HPAV & HD-PLC standard). Then, we studied and characterized the in-vehicle PLC channel thanks to measurements on four vehicles. Afterwards, a study (simulations) on the parameters of a multicarrier modulation showed that we can increase the inter-carrier spacing and reduce the guard intervall length compared with HPAV. Finally, we realized a flexible demonstrator which use a software-defined radio platform USRP2. The first results are similar with the simulations
Gazza, Clément. "De la prise en charge à la (re)prise du pouvoir ? : la participation sportive comme révélateur des dynamiques de transformation de l'Association des Paralysés de France." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONT4007/document.
Full textThe French Association of the Paralyzed (FAP), which was created in 1933, is both an administrator for social and health establishments and services and a representative organization of “disabled people”. Fluctuating between a “self-organization” and an “organization for others” (Laville & Sainsaulieu, 2013), the FPA is attempting to develop a “participatory model” (Ebersold, 2002) by involving its members and users in individual and collective decisions.In this context, the National Directorate of FPA decided to recruit a PhD student to carry out research specifically concerning the question of physical and sports activities. However, since sports demand is infrequent among members and users, it is difficult to consider the organization of physical activities from a co-construction perspective. The central issue is then to better understand the position which is either given or taken by the members and users of the FPA in the decision-making process in terms of physical and sport activities.Through a participant observation at the headquarters of the association, plus monographic studies of 10 FPA’s units, 49 in-depth interviews (23 employees or volunteers, and 26 members or users) and a documentary research, we adopted a comprehensive approach. Its aim was to grasp the beliefs and social representations of these actors, as well as their interactions.Finally, sport participation in the association seems to expose the difficulties for the employees or volunteers and for the members and users to move from the “model of care” to the “model of empowerment” (Oliver, 1990 ; Morris, 1997, 2001)
Vadot, Maude. "Le français, langue d'« intégration » des adultes migrant·e·s allophones ? : rapports de pouvoir et mises en sens d'un lexème polémique dans le champ de la formation linguistique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30053/document.
Full textOriginating from grassroots initiatives, the field of language education for allophone adult migrants has progressively become, in France, more institutionalized and professionalized. Perhaps the most striking recent development in this process is the publication of the French as a Language of Integration reference document (Référentiel Français Langue d’Intégration—FLI) in October 2011. Indeed, the use or non-use of one or another of the lexemes of the “insertion-integration-assimilation” paradigm has been subject to debate within political and everyday discourse since the 1980s. The designation of one of these lexemes thus constitutes a clear statement.Considering the regularly reoccurring debate over the naming of the process by which migrants and society interact, which appertains to various social domains, my research aims at shedding light on the uses of the forementioned paradigm’s lexemes, especially within the institutionalized and professionalized field of migrant language education. My thesis also aims at defining this field’s current organizational and professional structures.From three discursive subgroups, whose speakers occupy distinct social positions (lexicographers, institutional experts, professional language educators), I will highlight the characteristics of their diverse semantic understandings of the paradigm’s lexemes. Notably, the conceptual tools used to conduct my study will be those of discourse analysis. On one side, through lexical discourse analysis that takes into account the characteristics of the studied actors’ real uses of the paradigm’s lexemes, I will identify elements of meaning construction, thereby bringing to light the resulting structuring semantic oppositions and grey areas favouring the emergence of semantic conflicts. On the other hand, I will broaden my analysis to take into account each subgroup’s specificities, which are based on distinct discursive genres, constructing and testifying to the power relationships at play within the field.This thesis therefore lays the foundation for a problematization of the field of allophone migrant language education, both from the point of view of its organization and orientations set by the State as well as that of the needs which emerge from the discourse of educators in terms of initial and continuing education
Lipp, Amélie. "Question socialement vive et développement du pouvoir d'action des enseignants et des élèves : la question du bien-être animal en élevage dans les lycées professionnels agricoles." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20084/document.
Full textThe question of farm animal welfare has sparked strong debate in society and in scientific, technical and professional domains. In the field of education, teaching and learning about farm animal welfare (FAW) as a socially acute question (Legardez & Simonneaux, 2006), is particularly problematic in agricultural schools which train future breeders. The aim of this thesis is to understand how the power to act (Clot, 1999), in relation to the question of FAW, develops (or not) in both teachers and students during teaching-learning situations. We articulate the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the didactics of socially acute questions, the clinic of activity and ethical judgment. Four animal husbandry teachers participated in a protocol with their vocational baccalaureate students. Based on their dialogical activities, we recorded their emotions, ethical judgments and knowledge-representations systems along with their interactions and the conflicts at work to help or hinder the development of their power to act.Our results reveal the barriers and the facilitators to the development of the students’ and teachers’ power to act to improve FAW. We make several recommendations for the training of teachers and students which should help them to overcome certain hurdles and further exploit the potential levers allowing them to widen their range of possibilities
Meugnier, Guillaume. "Mutations fonctionnelles et référentielles des modèles de coopération entre associations d'éducation populaire et pouvoirs publics : l'exemple du partenariat entre la Ligue de l'enseignement et le ministère de l'Education nationale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH043/document.
Full textThis research questions the heuristic and operational issues of the video in the practice of urban planning. To do this, it operates a meeting between the notion of architectural and urban environments, as developed in Cresson, with image-mouvement and image-temps concepts developed by Deleuze. Then it proposes to give effect to this meeting in the practice of urban planning through digital compositing, technical handling of moving images. The hypothesis guiding this research is that it is possible to define a image-composite able to argue and to debate specific environments territories studied phenomena. This assumption is formalized around two corpus, the first comes from an artistic practice of video that motivated the development of this thesis, the second is from a practice of video in urban planning agency was carried out throughout this research. This work adds value to the video as knowledge media on one side and posture as a project of the other. Support for knowledge, because video offers the possibility of renewing the phenomenological approach in force in the atmospheres of the field by a sensitive understanding of phenomena in time of updating. Project posture, because the video is likely to reconfigure relational modalities implemented in dynamic analysis and design of the space and territory
Audibert, Cédric. "Les Français vus par ceux qui les gouvernent (1800-1820)." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG1168/document.
Full textThe words used by historians to describe the nation or society differ from those used by the authorities between 1800 and 1820. The creation of prefectures places prefects at the heart of a centralised administration. Situated between ministers and sub-prefects, in direct contact with military and religious authorities, they maintain daily administrative correspondence with various interlocutors and sometimes handle complaints transmitted to them, directly or indirectly, by their constituents. As a relay of the central power, prefectoral staff also have to address the population directly through proclamations. All these documents reveal the views of the rulers. Their representations changed, as did their language, depending on diplomatic, political or military successes, and the defeats that sounded the death knell of the Empire founded by Napoleon, which was replaced when Louis XVIII fell to the throne of France. The images conveyed by the authorities do not all evolve at the same rate; they remain complex and subject to tensions that reveal their contradictions. The public authorities reaffirm the common features of an exceptional "people", distinct from its European neighbours, often superior. However, they do not hide the many divisions between the French,"good" or "bad". Nor do they ignore the differences between the elites and the rest of the population, denigrated for their social or geographical affiliation and taking into account the suffering of the "unfortunate
Machon, Marie-Claude. "Femmes et developpement : problématiques de l'éducation des femmes, dans la Caraibe anglophone, à la Jamaique, à la Barbade et à la Trinité et Tobago, au début du XXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040135.
Full textThe Caribbean school system reveals a gender gap in favour of girls and a reverse trend from other developing countries, except in Latin America. Girls outperform boys at all levels in term of academic success as well as attendance, to a point that the boys’ underachievement and under-attendance as well as repetitions at school are of a growing concern for governments in the region and have brought about a controversial theory about the marginalization of boys and men. Despite the general feeling that boys are being threatened by the empowerment of women, a detailed analysis of their situation shows the contradiction of the discrimination women still face locally in the economic, professional and political world. The situation bears evidence to the limitations of education and the failings of a post-colonial system as well as gender differentials. Can Caribbean development policies privilege gender mainstreaming so as to tap the potential of both men and women, while women should be viewed as equal agents of development?