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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poultry'
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Sims, Catriona Margaret. "Molecular typing of bacteria from poultry and poultry processing environments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319674.
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Yeung, Wing-shing. "Development of a subunit vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2066817X.
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Bryan, L. "Protein deposition in poultry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370548.
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Donelan, Amy K. "Consumer poultry handling behaviors." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20477.
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Master of ScienceHuman Nutrition
Delores H. Chambers
Understanding how consumers handle poultry can highlight gaps in consumer knowledge and practice of food safety. Quantitative research provides only a partial image, whereas qualitative data is helpful in gaining a complete picture of a shopper's behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine what poultry product microbes could potentially be transferred during purchasing and home storage; using a shop-along observational technique to observe actual shopping, transporting, and storing behavior of consumers with raw poultry products. In 71% (n=97) of the situations observed there was no visible hand sanitizer or wipes in the meat section of the grocery store. Plastic bags could be found in the meat section 85% (n=97) of the time, which only 25% of shoppers (n=82) used the bag for their poultry products. During transportation, the consumer bagged the poultry separately from other products in 71% of the observations. A majority of shoppers (59%) stored poultry without using a plastic bag or other container. Overall, there needs to be an increase in food safety education on the handling of poultry during purchasing, transporting, and storage.
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Alzarug, Hana. "The adding of fats to poultry diets, and additional poultry feeding behaviour phenomena." Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445991.
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Xi, Zhiqun. "An investigation on the flavor compounds and texture in Chinese chicken meat." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575655.
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McGinley, Susan. "New Campylobacter Vaccine for Poultry." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622083.
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Garces, Alice P. D. J. T. "The efficiency of tropical relevant major genes in a dual purpose layer strain in the subtropical coastal region of South-East Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac/thesis/available/etd-07132006-131806.
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Jones, Robert Eric. "Effect of feeding calcium propionate on carcass composition, and productive performance of male broilers." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=778.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 69 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-62).
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Massey, Joseph W. "Comparison of broiler breeder production and fertility in a colony cage system with two different floors versus a slat-floor system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2447.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 46 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-31).
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Iji, Paul Ade. "Natural development and dietary regulation of body and intestinal growth in broiler chickens." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phi25.pdf.
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Corrigenda inserted behind title page. Bibliography: leaves 275-306. The pattern of body growth and intestinal development of an Australian strain of broiler chicken, the Steggles x Ross (F1) in response to different diets was studied. Five experiments were designed to examine the pattern of growth and mechanisms involved. In four other experiments, the mechanisms underlying the gross response of the broiler chicks to dietary ingredients, anti-nutritive factors and growth enhancers were examined. Results indicated that a rapid development of the small intestine preceded significant overall body growth. Body growth would, however, depend more on the various physiological events such as those related to mucosal growth and renewal, digestive enzyme function, and nutrient transport. Some of the differences observed in productivity of broiler chickens on different diets were traced to events at the intestinal level.
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Mo, Chi-wai. "Prevention and therapy of infectious bursal disease by molecular approaches /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21490156.
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Buchanan, Nancy P. "Organic poultry production and forage digestibility." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4309.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 73 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Liu, Hao. "Competitiveness of Canada's poultry processing industry." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18199.
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The economic research on competitiveness has become popular in recent years. Free-trade agreements and open-market policies provide new challenges for food processors competing in domestic and international markets. The Canadian poultry processing industry is one sector in which the competitive status needs to be investigated. The purpose of this thesis is to compare the poultry processing sectors of Canada and the United States. The study measures the competitiveness, both at the industrial level and at a firm’s level, and identifies the internal and external drivers of competitiveness. Comparisons were conducted in terms of price, value added ratios, and productivity growth. Results show that Canada’s poultry industry was less competitive than that of U.S. Lack of economies of scale, rigid supply system and high input prices in Canada are the main reasons for being less competitive.Le concept de compétitivité a gagné en popularité dans le milieude la recherche au cours des dernières années. L’accord de libre-échange ainsi que la politique libérale ont apporté de nouveau défis pour les entreprises de transformation alimentaire qui œuvrent dans les marchés domestiques et internationaux. L’industrie de transformation avicole est un des secteurs ou le niveau de la compétitivité se doit d’être étudié. Cette thèse a pour but de faire la comparaison entre les industries de transformation avicole canadiennes et américaines. La compétitivité de ces industries est donc étudiée au niveau des industries ainsi qu’au niveau des firmes, et les facteurs tant internes qu’externes déterminant la compétitivité sont présentés. La comparaison est faite au niveau des prix, du ratio de valeur ajoutée, et du taux de croissance de production. Les résultats démontrent que l’industrie canadienne de transformation avicole est moins compétitive que sa voisine américaine. Le niveau peu élevé des économies d’échelle réalisées, la rigidité du système d’offre, ainsi que le prix élevé des intrants canadiens sont les principales raisons expliquant cette différence. fr
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McFarland, Elizabeth Adeline. "Studies of Campylobacter isolates from poultry." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335563.
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Whitehead, Colin C. "Nutritional and metabolic studies in poultry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14659.
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This thesis contains 86 publications on the general subject of the regulation of metabolism and performance in poultry by nutrients, mainly lipids and vitamins, and related biochemical and genetic interactions. There are 6 sections: 1) fat nutrition, 2) body fatness, 3) fatty liver and kidney syndrome, 4) vitamin nutrition and biochemistry, 5) bone biology, 6) sodium nutrition. Section 1 describes the effects of saturated fatty acids in impairing mineral absorption in young chickens, fat utilisation and requirements in turkeys and the role of unsaturated fatty acids in enhancing egg weight in laying hens. It is concluded in these last studies that egg weight is increased by a novel mechanism involving stimulation of oviduct protein synthesis. The problem of excessive fatness in broiler chickens is addressed in Section 2. The studies show how body fatness during growth is related to plasma very low density liprotein (VLDL) concentration and the use of this criterion in a 10-year divergent selection programme to breed lines of lean and fat broilers. Nutritional responses in the lines are compared and the bases of improved leanness and more efficient nutrient utilisation are related to differences in amino acid and lipid metabolism. The differences in immature body composition are shown to persist to maturity and the poorer reproductive performance of the fat line is shown to be associated with extremely high plasma oestrogen levels. It is concluded that genetically leaner broilers are metabolically and reproductively more efficient. The studies identify the practical procedures which have allowed the VLDL method to be applied in industry for the selection of more efficient broilers and turkeys.
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Gradel, Kim Oren. "Disinfection of Salmonella in poultry houses." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398775.
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Font, Palma Carolina. "Modelling of gasification of poultry litter." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-of-gasification-of-poultry-litter(e4956eca-d310-4114-89a1-6f44af1aae27).html.
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The poultry industry in Europe is vast and proper waste management is required in order to comply with environmental regulations. As a result, poultry litter represents a potential fuel candidate for thermal conversion technologies since it is an available source. Therefore, a process for the gasification of poultry litter is examined in this study. This process integrates a fluidised bed gasifier with a gas turbine with the aim of generating combustibles gases for energy production. This resulted in a viable solution for a small scale system to be installed on-site the biomass source. The system allows the treatment of waste with the additional benefit of generation of energy, and is suitable for a poultry farm to avoid the transportation of litter to centralised plants. Among the by-products generated during gasification, such as NOx, SO2, and fly ash, tar is a major issue when implementing this technology because tar can cause operational problems as a result of the possible formation of aerosols and soot formation due to repolymerization. A process simulation using Aspen Plus was used to evaluate four levels of integration. The equilibrium model was applied to evaluate integration schemes involving recuperation of energy from the gas turbine exhaust gases. The recuperation of residual heat to preheat air and product gases was performed with the aim of achieving the highest electrical efficiency. For the conventional "atmospheric layout", the fuel gases have to be cooled down before being compressed to the desire pressure, which causes to waste energy from the hot fuel gases. The benefit of the "pressurised layout" is that all process stages can be maintained hot. Process efficiency analyses showed that even when the "atmospheric layout" was set with energy recuperation, the "pressurised layout" delivered higher efficiencies with or without the energy recuperation into the gasifier. After a bibliographic review, the lignin content of biomass was concluded responsible for tar formation because of its aromatic nature. As lignin components, guaiacol, vanillin and catechol were chosen as tar precursors due to its presence in lignin structure. A reaction mechanism and its corresponding kinetics were derived. This mechanism was based on the three-lignin unit decomposition into lighter molecules and greater aromatic rings. Some of the tar products were involved in combustion and/or steam gasification reactions. The tar reaction mechanism was introduced into the kinetic model for the gasification of poultry litter. The results showed agreement with experimental work from previous reports for the evolution of primary tars. However, the model overestimated the total tar concentration. When the model was compared with the equilibrium model, the trends of the main product gases agreed as the air:fuel ratio was varied.
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Warren, Jason George. "Management of Alum-Treated Poultry Litter." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30232.
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Previous research has shown that treatment of poultry litter with alum is an effective management strategy to reduce phosphorus (P) solubility in litter thereby reducing potential P losses to surface runoff after surface applications. However, limited data are available evaluating alum-treated poultry litter (ATPL) environmental impact in cultivated systems and how its application will affect crop production. In addition little is known as to how its application affects various P fractions or exchangeable Aluminum (Al) content in treated soils. Two, 3-yr field trials with corn (Zea mays L.) were used to show that, when applied at rates based on current litter management strategies, ATPL resulted in yields similar to those achieved through applications of non-treated poultry litter (NPL). These trials also showed that ATPL applications resulted in lower soil P status and decreased P losses in surface water runoff compared to application of NPL. A 4-yr field trial with fescue (Festuca arudinacea) also showed no significant differences in productivity when comparing ATPL and NPL. This trial was utilized to evaluate the distribution of P in soils receiving ATPL. Soil analysis data showed that ATPL applications result in decreased water-extractable P (H2O-P) and that this decrease was associated with an elevation in NaOH extractable organic soil P. A laboratory incubation was utilized to evaluate the short and long-term impact of ATPL application on soil pH, exchangeable soil Al and H2O-P. Data from this incubation confirmed that the relationship between soil pH and exchangeable Al is not adversely affected by ATPL applications. Also, variations in the H2O-P content of soils treated with two different ATPL sources could not be associated with differences in Al:P ratio or soluble P content of the two litters, providing evidence that additional characteristics also control P availability after incorporation in soil.Ph. D.
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De, Medina Dafne Diez. "Constant current electronarcosis of market poultry." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040444/.
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TOMAS, MARQUES ANDREIA FILIPA. "MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS OF WELFARE IN POULTRY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/485613.
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La tesi si propone di esplorare il rapporto tra stress e risposta immunitaria nel pollame, concentrandosi su proteine di fase acuta (APPs) e microRNA (miRNAs) come biomarcatori per il transporto e le malattie correlate a stress. Abbiamo lavorato su due specie di pollame, tacchino e pollo. Il tacchino (Meleagris gallopavo) è stato studiato in modo da fornire nuove informazioni in merito a questa specie, che è scarsamente caratterizza per quanto riguarda l'immunità e il benessere. Gli studi esistenti relativi alle specie aviarie sono stati effettuati sul pollo (Gallus gallus) e per completare le informazioni disponibili in letteratura, abbiamo descritto l'espressione extraepatica delle APPs in questa specie.
Sono stati indagati gli effetti dello stress correlati al trasporto, studiando l’espressione genica di quattro APPs nel fegato e nel tessuto adiposo: α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), PIT54 (Haptoglobin-like) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). L'espressione di mRNA di AGP e CRP è risultata essere aumentata nel fegato e nel tessuto adiposo degli uccelli dopo il trasporto su strada. È stata confermata la presenza della proteina AGP. Inoltre, l'espressione delle stesse APPs è stata studiata anche nella patologia causata dal virus della enterite emorragica (HEV) e associata allo stress. Come risultati preliminari, l'espressione di mRNA di AGP, PIT54 e SAA era aumentata nel fegato e nel tessuto adiposo di uccelli HEV positivi; al contrario, l'espressione di CRP era ridotta nel digiuno di uccelli HEV-positivi. Questi risultati hanno dimostrato che il trasporto su strada e la malattia HEV inducono l'espressione di mRNA di AGP, PIT54, SAA e CRP, suggerendo il loro uso come biomarcatori del welfare nel tacchino. Sebbene le APPs siano prodotte principalmente dal fegato, la produzione extraepatica è stata descritta in molte specie, ma non nel pollame. L'espressione e la localizzazione delle cinque APPs (AGP, SAA, PIT54, CRP e OVT) è stata studiata in 20 diversi tessuti di polli sani. L’espressione di mRNA di SAA, OVT e CRP era particolarmente elevata nel tratto gastrointestinale, nelle vie respiratorie e nel sistema linfatico. Le proteine AGP e OVT sono state trovate in diversi organi. Inoltre, l'espressione di cinque miRNAs (miR-22, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-3p, miR-204 e miR-365-3p) è stata studiata nei tacchini in condizioni di stress legate al trasporto. Il livelli di espressione di miR-22, miR-155 e miR-365 erano aumentati, suggerendo il loro utilizzo per discriminare animali stressati e non stressati. Per caratterizzare meglio la malattia e individuare una possibile fonte di biomarcatori, è stato determinato anche il proteoma intestinale dei tacchini per studiare gli effetti della malattia HEV sulla mucosa intestinale. Sono state identificate 523 proteine utilizzando la strategia di SWATH-MS confrontando tacchini sani e malati e 64 proteine sono risultate essere differenzialmente espresse. È stata quindi validata l’espressione genica di quindici proteine correlate con il sistema immunitario. Questi risultati possono aiutare a comprendere meglio l'effetto di HEV nei tacchini.The thesis aims to explore the relationship between stress and immune response in poultry, focusing on acute phase proteins (APPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as welfare biomarkers for transport- and disease-related stress. We worked on two poultry species, namely turkey and chicken. Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was studied in order to provide new information in this species, which is poorly characterised for what concerns immunity and welfare. Existing studies related with avian species are mostly carried out on chicken (Gallus gallus), but there is still lacking information that needs to be addressed. In fact, we have complemented information, already available in chicken, describing the extrahepatic expression of APPs. The effects of transport-related stress on liver and adipose tissue gene expression of four APPs, namely α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), PIT54 (Haptoglobin-like) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was investigated. The expression of AGP and CRP mRNA was found to be increased in liver and adipose tissue from birds after road transport. The presence of AGP protein was also confirmed. In addition, the expression of the same APPs was studied under a disease-related stress, caused by a heamorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), which is a stressful disease for turkeys. As preliminary results, the expression of AGP, PIT54 and SAA mRNA was found to be increased in liver and adipose tissue from HEV-affected birds, while CRP expression was decreased in jejunum from HEV-infected birds. These results showed that road transport and HEV disease induce the mRNA expression of AGP, PIT54, SAA and CRP, suggesting their use as welfare biomarkers in turkey species. Although APPs are produced mainly by liver, extrahepatic production has been described in many species but not in poultry. The expression and location of five APPs, namely AGP, SAA, PIT54, CRP and OVT, was studied in 20 different tissues from healthy chickens. SAA, OVT and CRP mRNA expression was particularly higher in gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and lymphatic system. AGP and OVT proteins were detected in different organs. Moreover, the expression of five miRNAs, namely miR-22, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-3p, miR-204 and miR-365-3p, was analyzed under transport-related stress in turkeys. The expression levels of miR-22, miR-155 and miR-365 were increased, suggesting they can be used to discriminate stressed- and unstressed animals. In order to better characterize the disease and to investigate a possible source of biomarkers, the intestinal proteome of turkeys was also determined to study the effects of HEV disease on intestinal mucosa. A total of 523 proteins were identified by SWATH-MS strategy between healthy and HEV-affected birds. A number of 64 of them were found to be differentially expressed. The effective presence of fifteen proteins related with immune system was also validated by mRNA expression. These findings can help us to better understand the effect of HEV in turkeys.
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Terfa, Zelalem. "People, poultry and poverty : assessing economic value of poultry health service and genetic resources in rural Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2007420/.
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Demand for animal protein is growing with growing human population and urbanization. In developing countries where food security is still a challenge and access to animal protein is limited, village poultry could be a viable livelihood option for smallholder farmers and it could improve peoples’ access to animal protein. Research and development in village poultry is minimal and farmers keep poultry under unfavourable production environments. Lack of genetic improvement in poultry that are suitable to the prevailing production system and impact of infectious diseases are among major bottlenecks to village poultry. Farmers’ capacity and perception to use village poultry as a potential livelihood could also be influenced by a number of factors that need to be identified for village poultry development and to target interventions to promote poultry based livelihood. This research aims to evaluate the role of poultry in rural livelihoods and to assess farmers’ preference and willingness to pay for poultry breed and vaccine technology in Ethiopia. Survey data are used and a number of statistical and econometric tools are employed for data analysis. Findings of the study show that village poultry plays important economic and social roles, though the degree to which households utilize and benefit from poultry production varies between areas and across households’ wealth status. Poultry are used as a gift to relatives, which is more common among poorer households, and poultry are consumed during festive periods in areas where the socio-cultural role of poultry is significant. Infectious diseases also had an impact, leading to unutilized potential of benefit from village poultry. Contingent valuation method (CVM) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) surveys were used to elicit farmers’ preference and willingness to pay for poultry vaccine service and traits of chicken. The results from CVM study show that farmers recognise the benefits of the vaccine programmes and are largely willing to pay for it. The result from exponential probit reveals that farmers’ willingness to pay for village poultry vaccine service is influenced by age, education level and region of respondents. Our results suggest that younger and better-educated farmers and farmers from Horro are more likely to pay for village poultry vaccine services. The result from the CVM study was further substantiated by conducting DCE survey to understand farmers’ preferences for attributes of possible Newcastle disease (NCD) vaccine programme. Results from this study show that famers prefer a vaccine programme that has better capacity to reduce the severity of NCD, a vaccine service that would be delivered by an animal health development agent and that could be given with water. Results from DCE study in village poultry show that important traits of chicken to farmers are mothering ability, disease resistance and meat and egg taste. These findings question the appropriateness, at least, in the prevailing production system, of the Ethiopian national government’s effort to improve productivity in village poultry by targeting specialized egg layer improved chicken. The findings also suggest that poultry breeding programmes aiming to provide readily acceptable breed technology by farmers need to prioritize traits of adaptive and socio-cultural importance instead of focusing on egg productivity only. This suggests the unique qualities of the indigenous poultry breeds that are important to farmers need to be carefully considered, instead of resorting to those that proved to be successful in different production systems.
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Robbins, David Howard. "The availability of energy in meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal in poultry rations /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418060.
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Decolongon, Joji. "The influence of slat material, slat coverage and breeder age on broiler breeder reproduction and progeny growth." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28978.
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This study was conducted to examine the potential of plastic slats as flooring material for maintenance of broiler breeders. Although plastic slats are more expensive than wood slats, plastic slats are more durable and easier to clean.
Wood and plastic slats were tested as full and partial flooring to determine the ideal proportion of slats for broiler breeder floors. Space allotment was 2040 cm²/bird on all floor treatments. . Arbor Acres broiler breeders, one of the more common strains in British Columbia, were raised to 58 weeks of age to monitor the influence of slat material and slat coverage on egg production and progeny growth over one production cycle.
Since the pens were not set up to determine the number of eggs lost through slats, "egg production" values were actually egg recovery values. Over-all egg recovery was significantly higher on partial wood (PWS) and partial plastic slats (PPS) than on either of the full slat treatments. Breeders on full wood slats (FWS) had higher over-all egg production than those on full plastic slats (FPS).
Differences were significant for three biweekly periods, but slats did not influence the over-all incidence of floor eggs and cracked floor eggs. The incidence of
cracked nest eggs was significantly higher in FWS and FPS than in PWS and PPS pens during four lay periods and overall.
The proportion of non-cracked nest eggs, which was taken as an approximation of the proportion of settable eggs, was higher for partial slat pens than full slat pens, and FWS pens had a higher proportion of non-cracked nest eggs than FPS pens.
To monitor fertility and hatchability, eggs were incubated at 37, 42, 46, 50 and 56 weeks of breeder age. Fertility, hatchability of total eggs set and hatchability of fertile eggs was not affected by type of slats.
Progeny from the hatch at 37, 46 and 56 week of breeder age were grown in Petersime battery cages to three weeks of age. The progeny of breeders on FPS had lower first week weight gain than the other progeny groups due to moisture loss when 7 FPS progeny were lost during the second growth trial. Weekly and over-all feed conversion of progeny was not affected by types of slats used by parents.
The 56th week progeny were grown in Petersime battery cages to market age (six weeks). PWS and FPS progeny had higher third week weight gain than PPS progeny. During the sixth week, FWS and PWS progeny had higher weight gain than FPS and PPS progeny. The sixth week feed conversion of FPS
progeny was higher than that of the other three progeny groups. No other differences were seen.
As long as slats were used as partial flooring, there were no differences in egg production on wood or plastic slats. The proportion of "settable" eggs, fertility, and hatchability of eggs of plastic slat breeders were comparable with that of wood slat breeders regardless of slat coverage. There were significant differences in the 3-week growth of 37th, 46th and 56th week progeny and the 6-week growth of 56th week progeny on the different slat types, but the differences were not due to slat treatments. There was no interaction between breeder age and slat material, therefore the influence of slat material on egg production and progeny growth did not vary with breeder age. Although egg recovery and the number of settable eggs were lower for FPS breeders, breeders on plastic slats performed as well as those on wood slats in the present study.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Potturi, Lakshmi Prasanna. "Comparison of plate media for isolation of Campylobacter from live broilers and scheduled delivery of broiler flocks to reduce cross-contamination with Campylobacter." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%206-15-07/POTTURI-VENKATA_LAKSHMI-PRAS_2.pdf.
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Botlhoko, Tuelo David. "Performance of Clostridium perfringens-challenged broilers inoculated with effective microorganisms." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02192010-172630.
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Richmond, Christina L. "Satisfaction of contract poultry producers in Virginia and West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11026.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 144 p. : col. ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-106).
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Townsend, Julie Carol. "Use of a scald additive to reduce levels of Salmonella during poultry processing." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/TOWNSEND_JULIE_8.pdf.
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Liao, Qiuyan. "Live poultry exposure and avian influenza (H5N1) risk perception in Guangzhou, 2006-2007." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41290586.
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Greene, Donna Mechelle. "Use of Poultry Collagen Coating and Antioxidants as Flavor Protection for Cat Foods Made with Rendered Poultry Fat." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9848.
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Poultry skins and rendered poultry fat are by-products produced in excess at rendering plants. The use of low value by-products such as poultry collagen, from poultry skins, and fat to improve flavor and quality in dry pet food could be economically attractive. This study examined a poultry collagen coating as a protective barrier against oxidation in dry cat food made with rendered poultry fat. Collagen was extracted from chicken skins, dissolved in an acidic solution, applied to dry cat food and dried to form a surface film. Six treatments were examined: kibble, kibble with fat, kibble with collagen, kibble with fat and collagen, kibble with fat, BHA/BHT and collagen and kibble with fat, tocopherol and collagen. There were two storage conditions: ‘jungle condition’ (42°C and 83% relative humidity) and ‘ambient condition’ (21°C and 51% relative humidity). In ‘jungle conditions’, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was measured
over an eight-day period at day 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. In ‘ambient conditions’, TBARS was measured over a thirty-day period at day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30. Water activity and moisture contents were measured. There were significantly higher TBARS (P<0.05) for the control kibble at both storage conditions. There was significantly higher fat percentage (P<0.05) in all treatments with the additional fat coatings. Fatty acid compositions showed slight changes during storage. There were some changes in the aroma profile of the kibble with fat treatment having musty, moldy and plastic aromas at both storage conditions. The volatile aromas might be an indication of oxidation in the poultry fat.Master of Science
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MacLean, Janice L. (Janice Leigh). "Genetic and nutritional factors affecting growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of broiler chickens." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22395.
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Two growth trials were designed to measure the effects of: (1) dietary Virginiamycin (0 or 16.5 mg/kg) and added fat (0 or 4%), and (2) Virginiamycin (0 or 16.5 mg/kg) and dietary lysine levels (low, NRC, high) individually, and in combination on broiler performance. A third trial investigated the relationship of plasma glucose, triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations with degree of fatness/leanness in genetically lean and fat broiler chickens. A combination of supplemental fat and Virginiamycin increased protein and decreased fat content of the dressed carcass. Virginiamycin supplementation overcame the growth depression of a low lysine diet by increasing feed intake. In the low lysine diet, Virginiamycin supplementation reduced abdominal fat deposition in females and increased carcass yield in males. Carcass protein content was increased by feeding the NRC-recommended level of lysine or by Virginiamycin supplementation. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Clarke, Rebecca S. "Understanding Campylobacter biofilm formation during poultry processing." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/845702/.
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Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world, with approximately 70,000 cases reported in the UK per annum. It is well accepted that Campylobacter spp. form biofilms which aid its survival in both the environment and the host. The formation of biofilms in poultry processing plants are of particular concern, as they are potential sources of contamination between meat batches, and facilitate the transmission of the pathogen through the human food chain. However, despite the importance of biofilms, the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways associated with biofilm formation in Campylobacter have not been well elucidated. Here, 30 C. jejuni strains were isolated from commercial chicken meat and assayed for their motility and ability to form biofilms, using crystal violet staining at 37ᵒC and 42ᵒC. Only five of the 30 isolates were able to form biofilms, with more complex biofilm phenotypes observed at 37ᵒC. Although all isolates were motile, a weak correlation between motility and biofilm formation was observed, indicating that motility is not essential to the phenotype. Ten isolates were selected, representing the five most competent, and five poorest biofilm formers. These isolates were screened for their virulence profiles using Galleria mellonella and adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 models. No correlation between the ability to form biofilms and virulence phenotypes was observed. A competent biofilm former (isolate CJP13) was selected and a mariner transposon mutant library was constructed in this strain. Over 3,000 of the resulting transposon mutants were individually screened for their ability to form biofilms. Thirteen of the 3,000 transposon mutants showed reduced ability to form biofilms across two independent biological replicates. Of those, individual knock-out mutants of Cj0080, Cj1623 (memP), hydA and trbJ and complemented mutants were constructed in CJP13 and NCTC11168 strains. All mutants showed reduced ability to form biofilms compared to wild type strains, although the NCTC11168 ΔmemP mutant showed the most significant reduction, with almost no biofilm ability observed (p < 0.001). Complemented mutants presented a mixed ability to restore biofilm formation to wild type levels. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and subsequent pangenome analysis revealed genes which were differentially present/absent in competent and poor biofilm genomes, two of which are involved with sialic acid synthesis and transport. Phylogenetic analysis revealed CJP17 and CJP19 strains (competent and poor biofilm formers respectively) to be almost genetically identical, with three gene mutations in the CJP17 genome. One such mutation is predicted to cause truncation of pflA, which is suggested to be the cause of reduced motility in this strain compared to CJP19. Despite this mutation, CJP17 displayed a competent biofilm phenotype, suggesting the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are motility independent. The panel of 10 isolates were subjected to Biolog phenotypic array analysis to study the ability of Campylobacter to metabolise 95 different carbon substrates. Competent biofilm formers were able to significantly metabolise several carbon sources more readily; D-ribose and L-lyxose when using lag phase to define utilisation, and L-lactic acid when using max utilisation and max slope to represent substrate utilisation parameters. However, varying concentrations of L-lactic acid failed to induce biofilm formation in chicken isolates when added to complex media. The studies reported here demonstrate significant differences in the metabolism and genetic composition between poor and competent biofilm isolates. Moreover, this work provides evidence that multiple C. jejuni genes are responsible for the biofilm phenotype in currently circulating C. jejuni isolates. This study suggests that the role of membrane proteins, such as memP, is key in the formation of biofilm in NCTC11168, but less so for CJP13, indicating strain-specific mechanisms for C. jejuni biofilm formation. The continuation of genomic and metabolic analysis of biofilm formation is required to facilitate the development of novel control strategies aimed at mitigating biofilm formation in poultry processing plants, to prevent subsequent human infection.
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Butkeraitis, Paula. "Evaluation of modified montmorillonites in poultry diets." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4701.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 30, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hussain, Syed. "Removal of poultry pharmaceuticals by constructed wetlands." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104564.
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The main focus of the study was on three ionophoric antibiotics, monensin salinomycin and narasin. These three pharmaceuticals were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro setups to understand their fate and behavior in a constructed wetland (CW) environment. The laboratory studies determined the sorption, degradation and photodegradation potential in context of a wetland setup and, the field-scale CW experiments appraised the pharmaceutical removal potential under three flow configurations: free water surface (FWS), horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) and vertical flow (VF) systems. FWS and HSSF systems were evaluated with two texturally different soils while the vertical system employed sphagnum peat moss. The laboratory sorption study was conducted on both soils at three pH levels, namely 4.5, 6.8, and 8.5. At pH 6.8, it was found that the sandy clay loam soil had higher Kd values for all three antibiotics as compared to the sandy soil. Narasin showed the highest Kd and Koc, whereas the lowest were observed for monensin. The sorption of all compounds had an inverse relationship with pH. In the biodegradation study on both soils, three concentrations of each compound, 100, 500, and 1000 μg kg-1, were used. First order degradation was observed for all three pharmaceuticals, with half-lives ranging from 6 to 8 days in both soils. The photodegradation study was carried out at three concentrations of each pharmaceutical on sterilized milli-Q water, sterilized milli-Q water with nitrate-N, and sterilized wetland water. Photodegradation was observed only for the wetland water; it also followed first-order decay with a half-life of 55, 40, and 37 days for monensin, salinomycin, and narasin, respectively. The first CW study determined the removal efficiency of two FWS wetland systems, one with sandy clay loam soil and the other with sandy soil, and a VF system with sphagnum peat moss for monensin, salinomycin and narasin. The results showed a significantly higher removal (P< 0.01) of all three antibiotics in FWS system using the sandy soil as compared to the CW on the sandy clay loam soil substrate. The ability to infiltrate to greater depths of the soil profile is likely to provide greater opportunity for soil-to-solute interactions, resulting in higher attenuation mainly through sorption in the sandy soil. However compared to the FWS systems, significantly enhanced removal (P < 0.0001) was observed in VF system using peat. Monensin and narasin were found to be the most and the least mobile in all three systems. The second field study assessed the removal potential of the sandy soil in a field scale horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) treatment wetland for the three antibiotics. Compared to the FWS treatment, the HSSF treatment significantly (P < 0.001) removed greater monensin (40% vs 32%), salinomycin (49% vs 34%) and narasin (49% vs 38%). Based on temperature, oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen measurements, significant contribution of microbial degradation could not be confirmed.In another study, N-removing bacterial strains were isolated from an antibiotic exposed wetland. The strains were identified using nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene; the isolates were assessed for their ability to withstand these pharmaceuticals. A Bacillus subtilis strain BRAZ2B was found to thrive in the drug-exposed wetland environment.Des méthodes à la fois in vivo et in vitro servirent à élucider le devenir et le comportement de trois antibiotiques ionophores (monensin, salinomycine and narasine) dans l'environnement d'un marais artificiel (MA). Des études in vitro en laboratoire établirent le potentiel de sorption et de décomposition de ces composés dans un loam sablo-argileux et un sol sableux, ainsi que celui de photodégradation dans l'eau de marécage. Des études avec MA à l'échelle préindustrielle déterminèrent le potential d'élimination de ces trois produits pharmaceutiques sous trois types d'écoulement: en surface libre (FWS), souterrain horizontal (HSSF) et en circulation verticale (VF). Le système FWS fut évalué avec les deux types de sols, tandis que le système HSSF ne fut évalué que pour le sol sablonneux. Le système de circulation en vertical utilisa de la tourbe mousseuse de sphaignes. In vitro le niveau de sorption des composés présenta une relation inverse au pH pour des valeurs de 4.5, 6.8, and 8.5. À un pH de 6.8, les valeurs de Kd pour tous les composés furent plus élevés pour le loam sablo-argileux que pour le sol sableux. La narasine montra les valeurs les plus élevées de Kd and Koc, tandis que le monensin montra les moins élevées. Trois concentrations (100, 500, et 1000 μg kg-1) de chaque composé, appliqués sur chacun des deux sols, présentèrent tous une cinétique de dégradation de premier ordre, avec des demi-vie d'élimination de 6 à 8 jours. Le potential de photodégradation des trois composés fut évalué dans de l'eau de marécage pré-stérilisé, de l'eau distillé (milli-Q) et de l'eau distillé dopé de nitrates. La photodégradation n'eut lieu que dans l'eau de marécage, où elle suivit une cinétique de dégradation de premier ordre, avec des demi-vies d'élimination de 55, 40, et 37 jours, respectivement, pour le monensin, la salinomycine, and la narasine. Dans une première étude, on évalua l'éfficacité d'élimination de ces composés par les deux systèmes FWS — un avec loam sablo-argileux et un avec sol sableux — et un système VF avec tourbe mousseuse de sphaignes. Le système FWS avec sol sableux comme substrat élimina significativement plus les trois antibiotiques (P< 0.01) que celui avec un loam sablo-argileux. La capacité des composés dissouts de pénétrer le profil sableux permit probablement des conditions plus favorables aux interactions sol-soluté. Ceci aurait ensuite permis une plus ample atténuation, principalement par sorption au sol sablonneux. Le rôle de la biodégradation, particulièrement dans le loam sablo-argileux, fut aussi noté. Cependant, comparé aux systèmes FWS, le système VF avec tourbe permit une élimination significativement plus élevée (P < 0.0001). Dans les trois systèmes, le monensin et la narasine s'avérèrent les composés le plus et le moins mobile, respectivement. Dans une seconde étude on évalua le potentiel d'élimination des trois antibiotiques grâce à un système HSSF pleine échelle avec sol sablonneux. Comparé au système FWS comportant le même substrat, le système HSSF élimina significativement (P < 0.01) plus de monensin (40% vs. 32%), salinomycine (49% vs. 34%) et narasine (49% vs. 38%). Un suivi de la température, du potentiel d'oxydo-réduction et de l'oxygène dissout, ne permirent pas de confirmer une contribution significative de la dégradation microbienne.En une dernière étude, des souches bactériennes compétentes à l'élimination de l'azote furent isolées d'un marécage exposé à des antibiotiques. Ces souches furent identifiées par détermination de la séquence nucléotidique d'ARNr 16s, et leur capacité de résister à ces composés pharmaceutiques fut évaluée. Une souche de Bacillus subtilis (BRAZ2B) s'avéra capable de se développer vigoureusement dans l'environnement du marécage exposé à ces composés.
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Mccreedy, S. R. "Edidemiology of campylobacter infections in poultry flocks." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517359.
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Lau, Chun-yu, and 劉鎮宇. "Poultry slaughterhouse waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254603.
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Atterbury, Robert J. "Bacteriophage control of Campylobacters in retail poultry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14066/.
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Food-borne disease continues to be a major cause of human morbidity and mortality. During the past few decades, Campylobacter jejuni has ascended to become the greatest cause of bacterial enteric disease worldwide. Anecdotal evidence suggests the majority of human campylobacteriosis in industrialised countries is caused by the consumption of undercooked chicken. Campylobacter continues to frustrate current control strategies throughout the food chain and in 2001 was responsible for over 56, 000 cases of food poisoning in the U.K. alone. The work presented in this thesis examined the potential of host-specific bacteriophage as a novel measure to control the population of Campylobacter in poultry production. Several surveys in this thesis revealed that campylobacters and their bacteriophage permeate the entire poultry meat supply chain, from chickens in the broiler house to packaged retail products. Characterisation of the bacteriophage recovered from such sources showed that retail poultry isolates exhibited greater similarities in host range than those originating from broiler houses, implying poultry processing selected for a subpopulation of phage. Additionally, broiler chickens harbouring bacteriophage in their gastrointestinal tract generally contained fewer campylobacters. All of the phage isolates studied belonged to the Myoviridae virus family as they possessed dsDNA genomes encapsulated in an icosahedral head with a rigid, contractile tail. Fragments of the phage genomes exhibited significant sequence homology with a number of genes involved in DNA replication from phage T4. Studies of the attachment and replication of the phage isolates in vitro suggested that adsorption to the host cell was efficient but the burst size was low (˂10 virions per cell). Campylobacter jejuni was found to produce membrane vesicles but these did not significantly affect bacteriophage replication in vitro. A series of trials using 'phage therapy' in broiler chickens revealed that Campylobacter colonisation can be reduced by ≥log[subscript]10 8.0 cfu g[superscript]-1 caecal contents by dosing with specific bacteriophage. However, both the timing and extent of the reduction in Campylobacter colonisation showed considerable variation. Additionally, the ability of bacteriophage to infect their host in vitro was not a reliable indicator of their efficacy in vivo. The direct application of bacteriophage to the surface of chicken skin artificially contaminated with Campylobacter led to a significant reduction in the number of recoverable host cells. Host resistance to bacteriophage infection was not detected in either the in vivo trials or when recovering Campylobacter cells from chicken skin treated with phage. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates that bacteriophage have considerable potential in the control of Campylobacter in poultry production. They already appear to constitute a limiting factor in Campylobacter colonisation of the chicken gastrointestinal tract and can be detected with their host on retail products. However, further research is required to fully realise their potential and optimising the timing, level and type of bacteriophage used in dosing will be important for their efficacy in vivo.
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Loc-Carrillo, Catherine M. "Bacteriophage control of campylobacters in poultry production." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416725.
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Darmani-Kuhi, Hassan. "A modelling analysis of growth in poultry." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270844.
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Middleton, Amanda Jo. "Nutrient Availability from Poultry Litter Co-Products." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/55126.
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Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient of concern in the Chesapeake Bay watershed due to nutrient imbalances in areas with confined animal feeding operations. By converting poultry litter to an ash via thermal conversion, nutrients are concentrated and are economical to ship out of nutrient surplus watersheds to nutrient deficient regions, such as the corn-belt. We initiated incubation and field studies on sandy loam soils to test P and potassium (K) availability from poultry litter ash (PLA). Four PLA products, derived from different sources using different combustion techniques, and 2 biochar products were characterized. Poultry litter (PL) co-products were compared to a no-fertilizer control and inorganic P (triple super phosphate; TSP) and inorganic K (muriate of potash; KCl) fertilizer at similar rates. In the incubation study, standard fertilizers (TSP and PL) had the greatest initial availability for P (55.50% TSP; 9.13% PL) and K (97.99% PL), respectively. The PL co-products varied in availabilities based on thermo-conversion system from 1.60- 8.63% for P to 8.14- 88.10% for K. One ash co-product (ASH4) produced similar availabilities to the industry standard fertilizers after 56 days. In conclusion, co-products from combustion thermo-conversion systems were found be superior to gasification and pyrolysis systems when the desire was to produce the most plant available P and K dense PL co-products. In the field studies, yield, Mehlich-I extractable soil nutrients, plant tissue and grain samples, and organic matter content was used to compare treatments. Poultry litter ash co-products were highly variable due to the thermo-conversion system and feedstock of formation. If all ideal combustion criteria are met, then PL co-products are feasible to use as fertilizer sources, but will need to be individually analyzed for nutrient content before making application recommendations. A greater amount of the co-products will have to be applied to meet the same nutrient availability of the standards due to their lower availability. Fresh PL tends to be the better fertilizer due to its added N content, which is lost in thermo-conversion systems and would have to be supplemented with the ash co-products. Biochars tend to be less available than their ash counter parts. More research using the water soluble availabilities instead of the total concentration nutrients of the co-products are needed to be able to identify stronger relationships with standard fertilizers.Master of Science
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Johnson, Anjeanette Christina. "Airborne Campylobacter in a Poultry Processing Plant." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32668.
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Campylobacter is a foodborne pathogen commonly found in live poultry and raw poultry products. Identifying areas of contamination or modes of transmission during commercial processing can lead to strategies to reduce the level of Campylobacter on finished products. Monitoring levels of airborne Campylobacter may be useful for identifying the presence or relative concentration of the pathogen in a processing plant environment. In this study, air sampling was used to detect and quantify Campylobacter in a commercial chicken processing plant by location within the plant and collection time during the day. Air was sampled from evisceration and post-chill areas in a poultry processing plant on four days and at 4 hour intervals onto Campy-Cefex agar plates or gelatin filters that were subsequently transferred to Campy-Cefex agar plates. Additionally, pre-evisceration and post-chill carcass rinses were analyzed quantitatively for Campylobacter. The mean level of airborne Campylobacter was 5 CFU/1000L of air sampled (10% samples positive) in comparison with 413 CFU/mL from carcass rinses (70% samples positive). Higher concentrations were found in carcass rinse samples from pre-evisceration. Airborne Campylobacter was detected from the evisceration area more frequently than from the post-chill carcass area of the plant (P < 0.05). This study shows that airborne Campylobacter can be quantified with a selective agar and with gelatin filter collection. Further research is needed to prove the utility of airborne detection of Campylobacter for estimating the relative contamination level of live poultry flocks and the processing plant environment and the potential for cross-contamination.Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Jantrania, Anish R. "High-solids anaerobic fermentation of poultry manure." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1200590494.
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Lau, Chun-yu. "Poultry slaughterhouse waste management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22264140.
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Olaoye, Mayowa Micheal. "ESTIMATING THE FACTORS AFFECTING US POULTRY EXPORTS." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2253.
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The United States is the world’s largest poultry producer and exports about 18 percent of its total poultry production. It is also second largest exporter of broiler meats. Reports from the USDA predict that global import demand for poultry is expected to increase over the next 10 years, with the US accounting for 34% of the global poultry exports. The present study estimates the effects of exchange rate and US poultry export price on the quantity of poultry imports by the top five trading countries, namely Mexico, Canada, China, Hong Kong and Russia, during the period 1993 to 2012, using a double-log multiple regression model. Comparison of the effects across the countries was made possible with the incorporation of dummy variables for each country with Hong Kong serving as the baseline. The results demonstrated that the effect of exchange rate and poultry price, and per capita GDP on the quantity of poultry imported by Russia , Canada, and China is statistically different from Hong Kong and the rest of the countries in this study. Exchange rate appears to have a negative and statistically significant effect on US quantity of poultry exports. Export price and per capital GDP shows a positive and statistically significant impact on US poultry exports, although the result differs for individual countries. Overall, this study suggests that the effect of exchange rate and export price on the quantity of US poultry exports varies across countries. Key Words: Exchange rate, Double-log regression, US poultry price, Poultry exports
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Magalo, Simone Issaca. "Evaluation of immunity and protection induced in pullets by the V4 oral vaccine against a pneumotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11042005-140706/.
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Shini, Shaniko. "Physiological response of laying hens to different management systems /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18067.pdf.
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Coetzee, Christél Blanché. "The development of water quality guidelines for poultry production in southern Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12192006-131925.
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Van, Kerkhove Maria D. "H5N1/highly pathogenic avian influenza in Cambodia : evaluating poultry movement and the extent of interaction between poultry and humans." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682389/.
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Since 2003, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), subtype H5N1, has spread across the Asian, African and European continents at an exceptional rate. To date, H5N1 remains primarily a pandemic within poultry populations with limited onward transmission to humans. Since there have been a limited number of human cases throughout the world, epidemiologic uncertainties exist regarding the extent of contact necessary to result in successful transmission between infected poultry and humans. In this thesis I undertook two large-scale surveys to evaluate poultry movement and the extent of interaction between humans and poultry to better define the risks of sustained transmission of H5N1 in poultry and onward transmission to humans. The thesis begins with a review of current knowledge on the epidemiology of HPAI, specifically subtype H5N1, and current options for its control worldwide and specifically within Cambodia. The first half of the thesis presents the methodology and results from a large-scale cross sectional survey of 3,600 rural subjects from 115 villages in six provinces throughout Cambodia. The results from this survey are used to explore animal ownership and husbandry, poultry mortality experienced and poultry mortality reporting, and the extent and frequency of poultry handling behaviours of subjects and how they differ by age and gender. The second half of the thesis presents results from a second cross-sectional survey of 715 rural villagers, 123 rural, peri-urban and urban market sellers and 139 middlemen from six Provinces and Phnom Penh, which was conducted to evaluate poultry movement and trading practices. The results from this survey are used to construct poultry movement networks using social network analysis techniques, to identify critical points for surveillance and to understand the potential transmission and control of HPAI over this network and to identify a spatial model to predict poultry movements. Finally in the last chapter the key findings are presented and discussed in the context of HPAI transmission in the region.
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Yeung, Wing-shing, and 楊永成。. "Development of a subunit vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222055.
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Kim, Inbae. "Comparison of different methods of determining available energy in corn lines for swine and poultry /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946320.
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