Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poules pondeuses – Élevage – Nigeria'
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Umar, Faruk Murtala. "L'évaluation de l'alimentation mélangée et séquentielle à base de matières premières localement disponibles sur les performances des poules pondeuses en France et au Nigeria." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4023/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of sequential and loose-mix feeding of whole cereal grain on the production performance in laying hens in France and in Nigeria. Using 50% whole wheat in France, sequential feeding resulted to a significant decrease in feed intake compared to loose-mix and control.Egg number and mass were however, identical between the three systems, thus, leading to a significant improvement in the efficiency of feed utilisation in sequential compared to loose-mix (-10%) and control (-5%). Using 33% millet in Nigeria, sequential feeding also reduced feed intake compared to the two other systems. Egg number and egg weight were higher in sequential feeding system. This largely improved feedefficiency compared to loose-mix (-20%) and control (-10%). Sequential feeding allows the use of whole cereal grains with improved feed efficiency. It is therefore an innovation that can be used to sustain durable egg production in France and in Nigeria. It is also a solution to further food security in Nigeria
Heck, Ariane. "Maturation folliculaire ovarienne chez la poule reproductrice de type chair : effet de la restriction alimentaire et implication du système IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factor)." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4016.
Full textGuesdon, Vanessa. "Etude comparative de poules pondeuses épointées ou non élevées en cages standard ou aménagées : estimation multicritères du bien-être." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10028.
Full textFotsa, Jean-Claude. "Caractérisation des populations de poules locales (Gallus gallus) au Cameroun." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4904/01/THESE_FOTSA_[18_DEC_2008]_Agro_Paris_Tech.pdf.
Full textBrillard, Jean-Pierre. "La fertilité de la poule après insémination artificielle : essai d'analyse quantitative du devenir des spermatozoides dans les voies génitales femelles." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4010.
Full textAhmed, Ayman Mohamed Hassan. "Qualité sanitaire de l’œuf en cages aménagées et optimisation des défenses naturelles de l’oeuf : rôle de la coquille et des protéines antimicrobiennes du blanc d’oeuf." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARB162.
Full textFrom 2012, rearing laying hens in conventional cages must be replaced by rearing in other alternative systems that may increase the eggshell contamination and degraded eggs, and therefore increasing the risk of human toxi-infection due to eggs. We have evaluated two furnished cage models and have studied the variability of the two natural egg defences of the egg, the eggshell the antibacterial activity of the egg white proteins. No effect of cage model was observed on the eggshell mechanical properties. On the other hand, the proportion of broken, cracked and dirty eggs as well as the bacterial contamination of the shell was generally more elevated in the furnished cages compared with conventional cages. It is necessary therefore, to optimise the design of these cages and/or to improve the natural defence systems in eggs. We have induced an artificial moult in aged laying hens to study the role of the eggshell organic matrix proteins in the control of its crystallographic properties and mechanical properties. The increase in the eggshell solidity after moulting was associated with a reduction in the size of the eggshell calcite crystals. The comparison of the constituent of eggshell organic matrix by SD-PAGE showed a reduction of the content in egg white proyeins including ovotransferrin for which it was confirmed by ELISA. Eggshell mechanical properties seem to be negatively correlated with these proteins and positively with some specific proteins of the shell (OC-116 and -17)
Mahmoudi, Yousra. "Impacts du type de logement en élevage de poules pondeuses sur les performances zootechniques et le bien-être animal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26829.
Full textTraineau, Maxime. "Détermination du champ d'application du système d'alimentation séquentielle chez les poules pondeuses." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4042/document.
Full textSequential feeding (SF) consists in splitting the nutrients into two different diets. The goal of this thesis was to explore the limits of this feeding system. Three experiments were performed. The major questions go on utilization of other feedstuffs, capacity of hens to adapt their feed intake on unbalanced diet and hot temperatures and responses to modulation of energy and protein supplies. A meta-analysis gave responses on the regulation of feed intake and the impact on nutrient intake on laying and growth performances in laying hens. Experiments (Ex.1, 2, 3) shown off the possibility to substitute whole wheat with other cereals or feedstuffs (ground wheat and/or corn, insoluble fiber) in the morning fraction. Lower total feed intake in SF compared to continuous feeding (Ex. 1 et 2) and same laying performances improved the FCR. Laying hens were able to fit their feed intake on energy in the diet but not on protein content (meta-analysis, Ex. 2). Nevertheless, energy supplies had to be given in the morning fraction while protein could be given concentrate in the afternoon or throughout the day (Ex. 3). Knowledge on SF has to be completed in order to use this feeding system in commercial conditions. SF can help sparing resources and improve the on farm economical efficiency
Picault, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l'étude des coronaviroses dans l'espèce Gallus gallus en France." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO11731.
Full textGuillot, Jean-François. "Eco-épidémiologie des Escherichia coli résistant aux antibiotiques chez les volailles." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10015.
Full textEngler, Paul. "Utilisation d’extraits de raisin à faible dose en alimentation animale : quantification et identification des métabolites d’intérêts, évaluation des bénéfices nutritionnels sur modèles in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0095.
Full textOxidative stress in intensive livestock farming can induce severe deleterious effects on animal health and performances, as well as their derived products. Among the antioxidant solutions developed to fight against this phenomenon, are feed additives, rich in plant secondary metabolites.The aim of this work was to elucidate the impact of a dietary supplementation consisting in a small dose of grape extract on the performances and metabolome of animals, raised in intensive conditions.The creation of a method of analysis of very small doses of the additive (5μg/g) in the complete feed constituted a first axis, in order to insure traceability of the product and resulted in a patent.Moreover, a trial consisting in the supplementation of rainbow trout with a small dose of the grape extract (60ppm) evidenced a modulation of the eggs’ metabolome and a significant improvement of the offspring’s growth (+5.2% weight at 8 weeks).Finally, the impact of the modulation of the phenolic profile of the additive, used in small dose in the complete feed (30ppm) of laying hens exposed to a dietary stress was studied. Results evidenced variations of the impact of the 3 grape extracts tested on zootechnical, biological and metabolomic parameters.This research allowed to collect necessary data for the registration of the studied grape extract as a zootechnical feed additive, within the European Union, to fight against oxidative stress
Guinebretière, Maryse. "Comment aménager les cages de poules pondeuses afin d'enrichir leur comportement, tout en préservant les performances zootechniques et l'hygiène de la cage : étude focalisée sur la taille de groupe et les solutions pour aménager l'aire de grattage et le nid." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4002/document.
Full textHow to set up laying hen cages to enrich hen behavior whilst ensuring zootechnical performance and cage hygiene. A study focusing on group size and solutions to provide pecking and scratching area and nest. As of 2012, cages must enable hens to express their full behavioral repertoire (directive 1999/74/CE). Difficulties in setting up cages tend to hinder adoption of the directive by farmers. The aim of this work was: first, to study the effect of increasing the number of hens per cage ; and second, to find out which cage set-ups were the most efficient for enriching the laying hens’ behavioral repertoire whilst also ensuring zootechnical performance, animal health and egg and cage hygiene. In the cage models we tested, 60-hen cages were found to be preferable to 20- or 40-hen cages. Although not ideal, artificial turf mat was preferable to the other mats tested. The provision of friable substrate in cages improved pecking and scratching behaviors, as well as dustbathing behaviors, but to a lesser extent. Wheat bran can be spread over the cage floors as a friable substrate instead of feed. However, certain issues have not yet been resolved. The installation of hard panels on the floors of the cages to promote scratching and pecking behaviors should ensure an optimal balance between the hens’ needs and farming constraints
Da, Silva Mylène. "Les liquides amniotique et allantoïque de l'oeuf de poule : caractérisation et rôles dans la protection de l'embryon au cours du développement." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4048.
Full textConcomitantly with the development of the embryo and extra-embryonic structures, initial chicken egg defenses are progressively altered, which suggests that alternative mechanisms appear to protect the embryo until hatching. To better understand the role of extra-embryonic fluids in the chicken egg defense during incubation, we analyzed the biochemical composition and antibacterial properties of the chicken amniotic and allantoic fluids. As for humans, the chicken amniotic fluid protects the embryo against mechanical shocks and microbial infections. Moreover, at the 12th day of incubation, the transfer of antibacterial molecules from the egg white increases the antibacterial potential of the chicken amniotic fluid, thus protecting the embryo until hatching, and probably after, all along its digestive tract, after oral absorption of the amniotic fluid. Some of these antibacterial proteins are specific to oviparous species and/or birds, which highlights the processes of evolution and adaptation of birds to their terrestrial environment. On the other hand, the antibacterial potential of the allantoic fluid still needs to be explored, but our study demonstrated the presence of active proteases, which could contribute to the digestion and recycling of embryonic metabolic wastes
Bedrani, Larbi. "Modulation de l'immunité innée moléculaire de l'oeuf." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4008/document.
Full textThe egg is a balanced source of different nutrients and contains a myriad of antibacterial peptides/proteins that ensure its chemical protection. These molecules are a part of its innate molecular defense and, in addition to the maternal immunoglobulins IgY, contribute to the protection of the forming embryo whose development occurs ex utero. It is well documented that yolk immunoglobulin deposition is induced by the environmental microbiome of the hen but no such evidence is available for antimicrobial peptides/proteins. Therefore the aim of this thesis was to assess whether the hen has the ability to stimulate the innate molecular immunity of the egg white when facing a higher environmental microbial load (commensal or pathogenic). To address these questions, we developed two main experimental approaches; the first assessed the impact of the hen environmental microbial load through the comparison of three groups of hens with different immune status:-Germ free, -Specific pathogen free (SPF), and -conventional. The second approach explored the effect of different types of immune stimulation in hens: non-infectious stimulation (systemic injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)); immune stimulation using attenuated live vaccines (Infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis vaccine and a complex of Eimeria vaccine). Our results show that the activity of egg white is increased in response to higher microbial environmental charge, after LPS systemic stimulation or after vaccinating hens with live attenuated viral and bacterial strains. However this response is moderate both in its amplitude and microbial spectrum. Altogether, it appears that hens when subjected to immune stimuli, have the ability to reinforce moderately the antibacterial activity of the egg white as an attempt to anticipate the need of protection of their embryos
Berthault, Camille. "Etude des mécanismes menant à l'atrophie des organes lymphoïdes primaires dans le cadre de l'infection précoce par le virus de la maladie de Marek chez la poule." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4023.
Full textMarek's disease virus (MDV) infection induces early and transient immunosuppression associated with atrophy of the thymus (TA) and the bursa of Fabricius (BA) in chicks. The aim of this work was to better understand the cellular mechanisms responsible for this atrophy. The first step in my work was to establish an in vivo infection model leading to a sufficient and reproducible BA and TA. Once established, this model allowed us to study the effect of MDV in these organs at 6, 10 and 14 days post-infection. The results indicate that apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation can contribute to BA, whereas only the increase in apoptosis leads to TA. The lymphocyte blood count showed a decrease in B-lymphocytes during the first 2 weeks of infection that seems related to BA. This technique therefore seems a promising non-invasive tool to diagnose BA at early times of MDV infection. A difference in sensitivity to MDV-induced TA and BA was found in two lines White Leghorn of different B haplotype, both of which very sensitive to tumor development