Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pouch cell'

Batteries play an important role in a sustainable future. As the development for better andsmarter batteries continues, new areas of use emerge boosting its demand. Controlling thetemperature of a battery cell is a vital objective to ensure its longevity and performance. Bothcooling and heating methods can be applied to keep the temperature within a certain rangedepending on its need. This study will review the technical aspects of lithium-ion batteries,observe the different thermal management systems and cooling methods, and lastly examinethe required cooling flow needed for a battery cell to prevent its temperature from rising tocritical levels during its discharge. Using CFD ANSYS Fluent as a simulation tool, the resultsshow that different charging rates, in terms of C-rate, require different rates of mass flow tocontrol the temperature. Simulating the cell with natural convection, the cell peaks at hightemperatures even at lower C-rates, reaching up to 36,4°C and 48,8°C for 1C and 2C,respectively. Applying the cooling method with a flow rate of 0,0077kg/s reduces thetemperature significantly, resulting in temperatures of 26,95°C and 31,27°C for 1C and 2C,respectively.

Thesis: Nav.E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.<br>Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-76).<br>Recent research conducted at MIT's Impact and Crashworthiness Laboratory (ICL) has focused on material characterization of lithium ion battery cell components for use in the development of an accurate and practical computational model intended to predict mechanical deformation and related short circuit behavior of Li-ion battery cells and stacks in real world impact scenarios. In an effort to continue to refine and validate this modeling tool, characterization testing was conducted on battery cell pouch material using uniaxial stress and biaxial punch tests. At the full cell level, hemispherical punch indentation validation testing and internal electric short circuit testing was conducted on large, high energy pouch cells. Further investigations at the full cell level examined the buckling response of small pouch cells as a result of in-plane axial compression under varying degrees of confinement. To this end, a custom testing device was designed and constructed to provide controllable cell confinement for axial loading experimentation purposes. All experimentation results will feed into a computational model of the cell extended for use in comprehensive mechanical deformation simulation modeling.<br>by Amber J. Mason.<br>Nav.E.<br>S.M.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) such as, human embryonic stem cells (hES) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) are a valuable resource to generate bespoke cell types for a number of therapeutic applications involving cell therapy, drug screening and disease modelling. The overarching goal of this project was to generate a set of transgenic tools by gene targeting and genetic modification of hESCs for applications in stem cell biology such as the in vitro isolation, analyses and derivation of lineage specific cell types. The transgenic tools generated in this study were designed and tested in particular for the human 3rd pharyngeal pouch epithelium (3PPE) like cells and its derivatives, namely the thymus and parathyroid, which are key organs involved in T-cell development and calcium homeostasis respectively. The forkhead transcription factor FOXN1 is considered a master regulator of the development of the thymic epithelium (TEC), the major functional component of the thymic stroma, which is intimately involved in T-cell differentiation. So, to facilitate the prospective isolation of FOXN1 expressing TECs, gene targeting was employed to place a fluorescent reporter and a lineage selection antibiotic resistance gene under the direct control of the endogenous FOXN1 promoter. To date, I have not been able to detect either the fluorescent reporter, or FOXN1 expression using published directed differentiation protocols, but only what can be deemed as precursors expressing the cytokeratin K5 and other markers associated with the development of the thymus and parthyroid from 3PPE. The lack of endogenous FOXN1 activation was observed in both the unmodified parent and the targeted FOXN1 knock-in human ES lines. Further, over-expression of FOXN1 cDNA during the differentiation protocol did not result in the activation of endogenous FOXN1. So, the results evinced in this study could be due to a number of reasons such as, technical issues associated with transference of the published protocols to the cell lines used in this study, differences in hESC lines, and effects of different hESC culture methods and practices. The homeobox gene HOXA3 is expressed in the 3PPE during development. So, a HOXA3 transgenic reporter hESC line could be an invaluable tool for prospective isolation of in vitro derived 3PPE like cells. The reporter was generated by Piggy Bac transposase mediated transposition of a HOXA3 containing Bacterial Artificial Chromsome (BAC) in the FOXN1 knock-in human ES line. To date, this is biggest reported cargo that has been successfully transposed in human ESCs. Moreover, this is the first lineage specific double reporter transgenic hESC line that has been reported for this lineage. This HOXA3 reporter line was then used to isolate and enrich for HOXA3 expressing 3PPE like cells with very high efficiencies during the directed differentiation of hESCs, thus demonstrating the key objective of this transgenic hESC line for this study. In a novel parallel approach, I have conceived, designed and generated transgenic hESCs lines capable of inducible and constitutive over-expression of key transcription factors involved in the development of 3PPE and its derivatives, the thymus and parathyroid. The objective of the said over-expression hESC lines was to interrogate if such a system could elicit morphological and gene expression changes in hESCs following over-expression. By testing the chosen panel of transcription factors in hESCs, I was able to detect cells expressing FOXN1 and GCMB, which are key markers of TECs and PTECs. Further, I have isolated an expandable population of cells expressing markers analogous to their in vivo counterpart found in the 3PPE of a developing mouse embryo around E9.0. The in vivo potency of these in vitro derived 3PPE like cells is yet to be ascertained. Nevertheless, transgenic constructs generated in this experiment could also be tested during future attempts at the differentiation of hESCs to TECs and PTECs, and also used as a basis for future studies involving the direct conversion of patient specific fibroblasts to 3PPE like cells and its derivatives. In summary, several transgenic tools developed in this project, namely the FOXN1 knock-in transgenic hESC line, FOXN1-HOXA3 double transgenic hESC line, over-expression 3PPE transgenes and hESC transgenic lines, and results from the deployment of these tools provide a foundation, from which protocols to generate functional TECs and PTECs can be refined and optimised. These transgenic hESC lines also provide a tractable model, which could be used to interrogate the development of human TECs and PTECs from human 3PPE, and identify hitherto unknown early events in their development in an in vitro reductionist setting.

Subject this diploma thesis is introduction to solar problems, with folow-up focus on solar elements and reflection about their defects. The next part is dedicated diagnostic method LBIC (Light Beam Induced Current) that help to detect defects of solar elements. The work is concerned with aplication this method in general view, from construction of workplace, throuhg hardware to software. The last part is focused on results processing and analysis.

碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>牙醫學研究所<br>88<br>Placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) has been regarded as a tumor marker in many types of cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of GST-P mRNA in DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinoma of hamster buccal pouch mucosa. Ten Syrian golden hamsters in the experimental group were painted with 0.5% DMBA in the buccal pouches for 12 weeks (three times a week). Other ten hamsters in the control group were similarly treated with mineral oil. After 12-week painting, all the animals were sacrificed and their pouches were removed. Half of these pouches were histologically examined. Other half of the pouches were used for total RNA extraction and RT-PCR was then performed to analyze the GST-P mRNA expression. Grossly and histologically, all the pouches of the DMBA-treated group showed well- differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, however, those of the control group remained unchanged. The results of RT-PCR revealed overexpression of GST-P mRNA in the buccal pouches of the experimental group, while no expression in control group was noted. These results were consistent with our previous works using immunohistochemical technique. However, factors involving overexpression of mRNA are vast and the mechanism underlying the overexpression of GST-P mRNA needs further elucidation.

碩士<br>高雄醫學院<br>牙醫學研究所<br>84<br>To date, GST isoenzymes appear to be potential markers in oral mucosa.In the first part of our study(1992), assessments of the expression and locallization of the GST isoenzymes in biopsies from the normal oral mucosa, benign fibroma, potentially premalignant(leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis,verrucous hyperplasia and malignant(squamous cell carcinoma and verrucouscarcinoma) oral lesions were made immunohistochemically with specific polyclomal antibodies raised against GST isoenzymes(alpha, mu and pi)in order to evaluate the possible clinical application in the earlier diagnosis of (pre)malignant oral lesions. The first part of our study demonstrated that GST pi was expressed in oral premalignant cells and almost absent in normal and benign tissues. Incrers expression of GST pi was found in more than 75% of oral cancers(verrucous carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas) examined but absent in omrmal or benign tissues. This suggests that GST pimay prove to be another useful marker of potentially malignant cells. Moreover, in the second part of our study(1993), the tissue activity of GST isoenzymes in various human premalignant and malignant intraoral lesions using method of enzymatic activity with CDNB and electrophoresis were investigated. The preliminary data revealed a strong GST pi activity in oral (pre)malignant tissues.tatistically significant differences were found whenthe expression of GST pi in premalignant and malignant tissue was compared to normal oral mucosa. This finding conformed to the first part of our immunohistochemical study. In the third part of our study, the sequential expression of GST P (a placental form of GST in rodents and immunolgically related to human GST pi) during DMBA- induced hamster cheek pouch squamous cell carcinogenesis was investigated with the aim of increasing the understanding of this enzyme in oral carcinogenesis.

碩士<br>亞洲大學<br>生物科技學系碩士班<br>93<br>Recently, there is increasing interest in finding natural antioxidants from plants to protect human body against damage due to oxidative stress. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of water extracts from two species of Taiwanese yams, Tainung No.1 (TNG1)(Dioscoera alata L.) and Mingjian (Dioscoera alata L. var. purpurea M. Pouch) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the cells. The influences of oxidant agents, tert-Butyihydrogen peroxide (t-BHP) and sodium mtreprusside (SNP), on the activities of antioxidant enzymes were also determined.The results showed that the water extracts from TNG1 and Mingjian could raise the activities of SOD and CAT in mouse liver cell FL83B. The water extract from Mingjian increased the activity of CAT in mouse liver cancer cell Hepa 1-6.In FL83B, the induce of t-BHP increased the activity of GPx When FL83B was incubated with the water extract from TNG1, the CAT and GPx activities increased after the induction of t-BHP. But the addition of the water extract from Mmgjian increased the activity of GPx after the induction of t-BHP In Hepa 1-6, the induce of t-BHP increased the activity Of CAT. When Hepa 1-6 was incubated with the water extract from Mingjian, the CAT activity was also increased FL83B had lower CAT and SOD activities when induced with SNP With the addition of the extract from TNG1, FL83B showed lower CAT and SOD activities after the induction of SNP But with the addition of the extract from Mmgjian, the activity of CAT decreased after the induction of SNP For Hepa 1-6, only Hepa 1-6 incubated with the water extract from Mmgjian showed lower SOD activities after the induction of SN?. After all, yam could increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes When the cells were induced by oxidant agents, the influence of oxidant agents on the activities of antioxidant enzymes might be different because they might involve m differint oxidative pathway.

博士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>牙醫學研究所<br>97<br>Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment for radiosensitive head and neck (H&N) cancers, especially for carcinomas of nasopharynx(NPC) and tonsil. It is wildly used either alone or concurrent with chemotherapy. The side effects of RT, particularly the irreversible salivary gland damage and rampant caries severely affects the quality of life of surviving patients, these complications present long-term challenges to both dentists and oncologists. On the other hand, the establishment of an animal caner model for RT will facilitate the development on radiooncological sciences. Therefore, the aim of the fist part of this study was to construct an oral care model of H&N radiotherapy patients. A total of 232 NPC and 62 oral cancer patients underwent regular recall dental examinations and treatments according to a standard protocol of our Dental Department. The mean number of carious tooth of the NPC patient population during/after RT was significantly higher than the population before RT (7.18±7.10 vs. 2.45±2.85; c2= 46.32, p<0.0001). As compared patients using fluoride trays to those without using, the former had a significantly higher rate of dental follow-up compliance (c2=48.56, p<0.0001). Therefore, fluoride tray fabrication is recommended for dentate NPC patients receiving RT. By contrast, the oral cancer RT patients, their caries rate was not related to radiation experience, and their dental compliances were related to their survival condition rather than fluoride trays. Therefore, the oral care model should be modified for NPC and oral cancer patients according to their different treatment modalities. The objective of the second part study was to establish an animal cancer model for RT. Fifty-three hamsters was divided randomly into the experimental groups A, B and control groups C to G. After treating the pouches of groups A and B animals with 7, 12-dimethyl benz[a]anthrance (DMBA) thrice a week for 12 weeks, the heads of the animals received fractionated radiation (7Gy/twice/week) of a total dose of 21Gy and 42Gy with a 6 MV linear accelerator, respectively. The untreated pouches of groups C and D animals were similarly irradiated. The pouches of groups E and F animals were treated with DMBA or mineral oil for 12 weeks, respectively. The pouches of group G animals remained untreated throughout the experiment. The volume of buccal pouches were significantly decreased to 2/3 and less than 1/2 after carcinoma induction and RT in both groups A and B when comparing with group G. There were no obvious mucositis after fractionated radiation in groups C and D. 55.55% in groups A (5 in 9 animals) and 11.11% in B (1 in 9 animals) have visible residual exophytic tumors after RT. Microscopically, the endophytic tumor numbers in group A was significant increased when compared with group E. Both the exophytic tumor and total tumor numbers were decreased for group B animal. There were significant differences on the exophytic tumor and total tumor numbers among groups A, B and E (p<0.0001, p<0.001). Moreover, the main radiogenic killing effect is necrosis, but the residual tumor cells indicating the possibilities of recurrence. Immunohistological examinations showed p53 and iNOS were associated with the radiation-induced apoptosis of the hamster buccal pouches. The radioresistancy of DMBA-induced buccal pouch carcinoma of hamster may be related to over-expression of survivin, an antiapoptosis protein. Although p53 was not expressed in animals receiving high radiation dose, iNOS may increase the radiosensitivity. Furthermore, via TUNEL staining, the early apoptosis was found in serous cells and ductal cells rather than mucous cells of the parotid and submandibular glands, but submandibular glands were more radiosensitive than parotid counterparts. In conclusion, our study indicate that, (1) a pre-RT dental care regimen should be conducted simultaneously with the H&N cancer patient’s treatment plan to treat the disease; (2) the hamster pouch cancer model could be employed to study the fractionated radiation effect on both cancer cells and normal tissues.

碩士<br>中國醫藥大學<br>醫學研究所碩士班<br>96<br>Baicalein ( 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone ) is a bioactive flavone isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi ( Huang Qin ). It has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent in Chinese herb medicine. Recently, Baicalein was found to have anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on prostate, lung and breast cancer cells. The objective of our study is to investigate the possible chemopreventive effect of Baicalein on both human oral cancer cells ( in vitro ) and oral carcinogenesis animal model ( in vivo ). By MTT test, we demonstrated that Baicalein ( ranging from 14 to 112 μg/ml ) inhibited cell proliferation in a does-dependent manner in human oral caner cell line, HSC-3. The IC50 at 48hr of Baicalein treatment was 56μg/ml. Cell cycle analysis showed an increased percentage of cells in S-phase and a decreased percentage of G1 phase after incubation with 28 μg/ml of Baicalein for 48 hrs. These results indicated that Baicalein has antiproliferative effect on human oral cancer cells via arresting cells at S-phase. We further investigated the antiproliferative effect of Baicalin on the DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model. Male Syrian hamsters were painted with DMBA ( 0.5% in mineral oil ) in both sides of buccal pouch 3 times per week for 12 week, and the hamsters were sacrificed. Various concentrations of Baicalein ( 7, 14 or 28mg/ml ) were also applied to the buccal pouch, 3 times per week during the days when DMBA were painted. At the end of the 12 wks, the buccal pouch was dissected and the numbers and the sizes of the tumors were measured before histological examination by H&E. All the hamsters, with DMBA alone or the combination of DMBA + Baicalein, showed squamous cell carcinoma after 12 wks experimental period. Decreased tumor sizes were only observed in hamsters treated with 28mg/ml Baicalein . The cell proliferation marker PCNA 、apoptosis marker Bcl-2 were not decreased in the group of the 28mg/ml Baicalein treatment by IHC. Another apoptosis marker Bax was not increased in the group of the 28ug/ml Baicalein treatment. All of these results suggested that Baicalein had antiproliferative effect only in vitro.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are rare multisystem metabolic diseases and their number has rapidly grown in recent years. The clinical manifestation includes very broad spectrum of symptoms. In most of all cases CDG are caused by mutations in genes encoding the enzymes of glycosylation pathway. Based on the type of defect, CDG are divided into the following groups: disorders of N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation of proteins, defects in modification of proteins by GPI anchor, disorders of lipid glycosylation and defects that impact multiple glycosylation pathways. The aim of the thesis was to find new biochemical analyses suitable for diagnostics and characterization of CDG patients. The experimental conditions were optimized for selected markers (Sambucus Nigra (SNA) lectin, proaerolysin (FLAER), antibodies to proteins CD55 and CD59) and the staining was applied to cultivated skin fibroblasts from controls and patients diagnosed with CDG by whole-exome sequencing (ATP6AP1-CDG, PIGN-CDG, SLC10A7-CDG, PISD deficiency). The experiments were performed using flow cytometry (FACS) and fluorescent microscopy (FM). The detection of sialylation by SNA lectin and analysis of the mitochondrial membrane potential changes by a fluorescent labelled probe JC-1 with FCCP simulation of mitochondrial...