Journal articles on the topic 'Pottery Australia'
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Lentfer, Carol J., Matthew W. Felgate, Robynne A. Mills, and Jim Specht. "Human history and palaeoenvironmental change at Site 17, Freshwater Beach, Lizard Island, northeast Queensland, Australia." Queensland Archaeological Research 16 (February 12, 2013): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.16.2013.227.
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Late Holocene patterns of change in occupation and use of islands along the eastern coast of Queensland have long been debated in terms of various drivers, though much of this discussion relates to regions south of Cairns, with comparatively little study of the far northern Great Barrier Reef islands. The numerous middens, stone arrangements and art sites on Lizard Island suggest long-term use by Indigenous people, but recent discoveries of pottery give tantalising glimpses of a prehistoric past that may have included a prehistoric economy involving pottery. Here we review previous archaeological surveys and studies on Lizard Island and report on new archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies from the Site 17 midden at Freshwater Beach, with an oldest date of 3815–3571 cal BP. We identify two major changes in the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records, one associated with more recent European influences and the other at c.2000 cal BP. Pottery from the intertidal zone is as yet undated. When dates become available the relationship between the Site 17 results reported here and the use of pottery on the island may be clarified.
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McNiven, Ian J. "Beyond bridge and barrier: Reconceptualising Torres Strait as a co-constructed border zone in ethnographic object distributions between Queensland and New Guinea." Queensland Archaeological Research 25 (June 3, 2022): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.25.2022.3885.
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For over 200 years, Western scholarship has presented Torres Strait variously as a bridge and barrier to cultural influences between mainland New Guinea and Australia. An alternative approach is to see Torres Strait as neither a bridge (permeable boundary) nor a barrier (impervious boundary) but as a socially and culturally co-constructed border zone. Central to this new approach is conceptualisation of the Coral Sea Cultural Interaction Sphere (CSCIS) that centres on a series of ethnographically-known, canoe-based, long-distance maritime exchange networks that linked communities and information on objects over a distance of 2000 km along the south coast of Papua New Guinea and the northeast coast of Australia. The CSCIS emphasises Indigenous agency and the shared/selective uptake of objects and ideas by potential recipient communities across Torres Strait and their New Guinea neighbours to the north and mainland Australian neighbours to the south. Object distribution maps created using data derived from anthropological texts and museum online catalogues reveal continuities and discontinuities in the distribution of selected objects across the study area. These maps illustrate three forms of object uptake: (1) shared uptake of double-outrigger canoes and bamboo smoking pipes between New Guinea, Torres Strait and Australia; (2) selective uptake of dog-tooth necklaces and cone shell armbands between New Guinea and Torres Strait and not Australia; and (3) selective uptake of nautilus bead headbands and shell-handled spearthrowers between Australia and Torres Strait and not New Guinea. Archaeological evidence for temporal changes in the geographical spread of pottery indicates that the CSCIS was historically dynamic, with numerous reconfigurations over the past 3000 years. Enhanced understanding of the CSCIS requires the addition of contemporary Indigenous perspectives.
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Brooks, Alasdair, and Graham Connah. "A hierarchy of servitude: ceramics at Lake Innes Estate, New South Wales." Antiquity 81, no. 311 (March 1, 2007): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00094898.
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A British colonial estate in eastern Australia, built by 1830 and abandoned 20 years later, survives as the ruins of the Big House surrounded by stables, a farm and servants' quarters. The authors recovered pottery assemblages from a number of different servants' dwellings and here show that they differed from each other, revealing a ‘hierarchy of servitude’. It is natural to think that such a situation would provide helpful analogies for earlier empires, like the Roman, but historical archaeology has its own framework, varying even from country to country.
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Derluguian, Georgi. "The Bronze Age as the First World-System: Theses for aResearch Agenda." Analytical Bulletin 15 (December 27, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56673/18294502-22.15-22.
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Bronze Age is traditionally viewed as historical period in the third and second millennia BCE. My key contention is that it is more meaningfully considered in geographic terms, as interconnected space of trade and cultural exchanges encompassing Afro-Eurasia but not Tropical Africa, let alone Australia and the Americas. The Bronze-age world-system extended from Scandinavia and British Isles to Egypt and Mesopotamia, from the Indus valley civilization and ancient Arabia to the Urals and western Siberia, possibly, also China and South-East Asia. Geologically, copper and tin as two metal components of bronze are randomly distributed on the planet which necessitated long-distance trade. In turn, the world trade in metals created whole cascades of logistical needs and opportunities. The consequences included the emergence of social complexity: chiefly powers, diplomacy, merchants, specialist coppersmiths and weapons-makers, professional warriors. New means of transportation emerged such as sailed ship and domesticated pack animals (donkey, camel, horse). The exchange in secondary products (wine, cloth, elaborate pottery) led to a revolution in conspicuous consumption. These theses are intended to generate a discussion about the earliest world-system, its morphology and flows. This may also extend to the comparative analysis of later world-systems known to us Antiquity, the Medieval ‘Silk Roads’, and modern capitalism.
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Joyce, Daryl C., and Neville W. Burton. "Australian Floriculture–A Blooming." HortScience 24, no. 3 (June 1989): 410–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.3.410.
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Abstract The cut-flower and potted plant industries in Australia have traditionally been based on exotic species. However, native Australian plants have gradually assumed greater importance—particularly in the expanding export trade, but also on local markets. Floriculture is practiced in all Australian states, with the major production areas for exotic cut-flowers (e.g., roses, carnations) and potted plants being close to the state capital cities. The cultivation of native Australian flowers and of South African Proteaceae tends to be somewhat more decentralized.
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Nasruddin, Nasruddin. "Prospek Sumber Daya Arkeologi Prasejarah Pulau Rote Ndao dalam Konteks Pengembangan Kawasan Perbatasan." KALPATARU 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v25i2.101.
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Abstract. The potential of cultural heritage especially prehistoric sites along the karst hills on Rote island has significant value in the context of understanding and knowledge about archeology in East Nusa Tenggara. Cave sites in Rote island were started to be inhabited since the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, based on the presence of human settlement traces found in the caves and niches. Another historical evidence was a bronze axe which showed that Rote Island was a strategic region on Paleometalic era. The fragments of potteries, flakes, animal bones, dan mollusc shells found in the area sprang some questions if this area was used only as a settlement or had any other purposes. The aim of this research is to reveal the archaeological resources owned by the island, along with its geological condition. The method applied in this study is using field observation (survey) followed by excavation on prehistory sites that represent Rote Ndao human settlements. Numerous lithic artifacts were gathered for reasearch data, such as flakes, pottery, and mollusc shell and bone deposits. These data about prehistoric karst in Rote Ndao island have important value to reveal the migration path, particularly its geographic position as the foremost island and borderline region between East Timor and Australia. Abstrak. Potensi warisan budaya terutama situs-situs prasejarah di sepanjang bukit-bukit karst di Pulau Rote memiliki nilai penting dalam konteks pemahaman dan pengetahuan arkeologi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Situs-situs gua karst di Pulau Rote, dimulai pada masa akhir Pleistosen dan awal Holosen dengan adanya jejak-jejak hunian manusia di gua dan ceruk. Bukti historis lainnya adanya temuan kapak perunggu yang menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Rote merupakan wilayah yang strategis pada era paleometalik. Ditemukannya berbagai jenis pecahan tembikar, serpih dan fragmen tulang fauna, sisa-sisa makanan moluska menimbulkan beberapa pertanyaan terhadap lokasi ini di masa lalu, apakah situs ini memiliki fungsi hunian semata, ataukah mempunyai fungsi lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkap sumberdaya arkeologi beserta kondisi geologi yang dimiliki Pulau Rote. Metode yang digunakan yaitu melakukan observasi lapangan (survei) dan dilanjutkan dengan ekskavasi terhadap situs yang memiliki indikasi kuat sebagai hunian prasejarah Rote dan dianggap mewakili situs hunian prasejarah Rote Ndao. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh sejumlah data artefak litik berupa alat-alat serpih, tembikar dan deposit cangkang moluska dan tulang. Potensi data arkeologi (prasejarah karst) Pulau Rote Ndao memiliki nilai penting untuk mengungkap jalur migrasi, terutama posisi geografinya sebagai pulau terdepan dan wilayah perbatasan antara Timor Leste dan Australia.
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Jackson, George D., Ron K. O'Dor, and Yanko Andrade. "First tests of hybrid acoustic/archival tags on squid and cuttlefish." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 4 (2005): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04248.
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This study demonstrates the simultaneous use of acoustic and archival tags for obtaining data for near-shore species. Australian giant cuttlefish Sepia apama (off Whyalla, South Australia) and the tropical squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana (off Magnetic Island, Queensland, Australia) were tagged using a ‘hybrid’ tag consisting of a Vemco V8 acoustic tag potted with a Vemco minilog temperature–depth archival tag. Four of these animals were released and monitored inside radio-acoustic-positioning-telemetry (RAPT) buoy-system arrays that included bottom-mounted sensors that transmitted independent temperature records and a reference standard for sound conductivity and position. All were subsequently located out of RAPT range and two of the four archival tags were recovered. Tags were located using a boat-mounted hydrophone and VR60 receiver and recovery was aided by a diver operating a hand-held VUR96 receiver. This technology provides a cost-effective alternative to expensive satellite pop-up tags and is suitable for much smaller species that return to near-shore environments.
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Matthews, Robert W., and Janice R. Matthews. "Nesting Behavior ofAbispa ephippium(Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae): Extended Parental Care in an Australian Mason Wasp." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2009 (2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/851694.
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The genusAbispaincludes Australia's largest wasps, potters with distinctive mud nests weighing up to 0.5 kg. During 31 days near Katherine, NT, Australia, we observed 8 activeA. ephippium(Fabricius) nests and dissected 16. Nesting is lengthy and asynchronous; female generations often overlap. Females display long-term parental care through truncated progressive provisioning, removing debris, repairing damage, and attacking potential invaders. Males patrol water-gathering spots, and visit and associate with active nests, mating there and in flight. Females actively guard nests, but challenged nest-attending males simply retreat. The distinctive funnel-shaped entrance helps females defend nests physically but probably not chemically; dismantled for cell closure material, it is built anew for each cell. Nests contain up to 8 cells; construction and provisioning total about 7 days per cell. The only parasite wasStilbum cyanurumForster. Thievery and nest usurpation byPseudabispa paragioides(Meade-Waldo) were discovered.
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Mummé, Claire. "Bhasin v. Hrynew: A New Era for Good Faith in Canadian Employment Law, or Just Tinkering at the Margins?" International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 32, Issue 1 (March 1, 2016): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2016007.
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In Commonwealth Bank of Australia v. Barker the High Court of Australia refused to impose an implied duty of mutual trust and confidence into the employment contract, reasoning that doing so would take the Court beyond its legitimate authority. Issued two months later, the Supreme Court of Canada went in a different direction. In Bhasin v. Hrynew, the Court crafted a new substantive doctrine of honest contractual performance, based on a newly-recognized central organizing principle of good faith in contract law. A few months later the Court applied the organizing principle of good faith to circumscribe the exercise of an employer’s discretion in Potter v. New Brunswick Legal Aid Services Commission. This article offers an assessment of the potential impact of Bhasin and Potter on the future direction of Canadian employment law.
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Bulkeley, Rip. "An early political map of Antarctica." Polar Record 52, no. 1 (June 19, 2015): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247415000467.
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The pair of paperweights illustrated on the front cover of this issue of Polar Record and reproduced as Fig. 1 were made in 1889 at the Burslem pottery of James Macintyre & Co. (best known for employing William Moorcroft a few years later) using maps engraved by the Edinburgh firm of J.G. Bartholomew (JGB). Macintyre produced other paperweights with Bartholomew maps of Central Africa, India, British South Africa and the rarest, Australasia, to a pottery design 9.9cm in diameter, weight 333gm, registered as No.141265. The correspondence shows that the hemispheres came first, and were intended to feature the British Empire worldwide, although that political appellation does not appear.
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Rae, Ian D., and William H. Brock. "Liebig’s Australian Connection: James King’s Scientific Viticulture." Historical Records of Australian Science 24, no. 2 (2013): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr13009.
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The pioneering New South Wales vigneron James King (1797–1857) took a technical approach to his winemaking as he did to the pottery he established near his Hunter Valley property, ‘Irrawang'. In the 1840s he began a correspondence with the famous German chemist and prominent advocate of a scientific approach to agriculture, Justus Liebig, whose ideas he promoted locally. Liebig analysed King's wines and compared them with European varieties. The two men later became personally acquainted when King journeyed to Europe in the mid–1850s. The Liebig connection was augmented by the presence at ‘Irrawang'of two members of the Muspratt family, alkali manufacturers of Liverpool, both of whom had studied with Liebig and espoused his principles. Thus the master's influence on winemaking in colonial New South Wales was exerted indirectly through them and directly through his correspondence with King.
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Lamont, G. P. "AUSTRALIAN NATIVE FLORA AS ORNAMENTAL POTTED PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 205 (March 1987): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.205.29.
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Bagnall, Kate. "Potter v. Minahan: Chinese Australians, the law and belonging in White Australia." History Australia 15, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 458–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2018.1485503.
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Egger, Garry, Andrew Binns, John Stevens, and Stephen Penman. "Lifestyle Medicine in Australia: A Potted History—So Far." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 14, no. 2 (March 2020): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827619840002.
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Lifestyle medicine commenced in Australia in response to the rise in chronic diseases following the epidemiological transition that began in the 1980s. Today, it is flourishing with an annual conference, a variety of multidisciplinary members, and a developed pedagogy for the “art-science.”
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KOLESIK, PETER, ANDREW G. MANNERS, and BRENT HILLS-HAYES. "A new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging ornamental Callistemon (Myrtaceae) in Australia." Zootaxa 4318, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4318.2.12.
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Callistemon (Myrtaceae) is a plant genus native to Australia with many cultivars grown as ornamentals worldwide. Several orange larvae of an undescribed gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) were found feeding within vegetative buds of Callistemon viminalis plants grown in a production greenhouse in Victoria, Australia. Infested buds stopped their development and, following the departure of larvae, turned necrotic. Pupation took place in the soil. Young potted plants were infested and severely retarded in their overall growth. The new species is described and named Dasineura callistemoni Kolesik sp. nov.
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McNiven, Ian J., William R. Dickinson, Bruno David, Marshall Weisler, Friedrich von Gnielinski, Melissa Carter, and Ugo Zoppi. "Mask Cave: Red-slipped pottery and the Australian-Papuan settlement of Zenadh Kes (Torres Strait)." Archaeology in Oceania 41, no. 2 (July 2006): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2006.tb00610.x.
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ALLSOPP, PETER GEOFFREY, and PAUL HUTCHINSON. "Extralimital Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Australia." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 12, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 48–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2019.12.2.2.
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The identification, origin, introduction, establishment, spread and pest status of extralimital (introduced, those that naturally occur within and outside Australia, and possibly introduced but of uncertain origin) dynastines in Australia and its territories are reviewed. We examine likely introduction pathways and the species’ life histories and attempt to draw out factors that predispose some species to establish, naturalise and then become invasive. Six categories of extralimital dynastines are identified: established and have spread widely (invasive)—Cyclocephala signaticollis Burmeister, 1847, Heteronychus arator (Fabricius, 1775); established but have not spread widely (sleepers)—Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus, 1758), Oryctoderus latitarsus Boisduval, 1835 (possibly), Papuana woodlarkiana (Montrouzier, 1855) (possibly), Temnorhynchus retusus (Fabricius, 1781); known from one or only a few specimens that have arrived but not established—H. parumpunctatus Burmeister, 1847, Or. centaurus Sternberg, 1910, Pa. angusta Arrow, 1914, Pentodon algerinus algerinus (Fuessly, 1778); with distributions that extend from New Guinea into northeastern Australia—Pa. woodlarkiana (possibly), Od. latitarsus (possibly), Xylotrupes carinulus Rowland, 2011; whose records within Australia are doubtful—Dipelicus integriceps (Fairmaire, 1877), D. montrouzieri (Reiche, 1860), Or. nasicornis (Linnaeus, 1758), Pa. tibialis Arrow, 1941, Phyllognathus degener Fairmaire, 1891; species whose identity is unclear—Carne’s (1981) enigmatic species. Characters that make a species an ideal tramp species are: adults feed and are active for an extended period after emergence; larval development is relatively quick; adults and larvae are associated with potted plants and lawn grasses; the native distribution is in the Southern Hemisphere so that life cycles are synchronised between original and introduced localities. Shipping ballast and potted plants were the probable major pathways of introduction, but now rapid air and land transport provide the means for movement into and within Australia of hitchhiker species. Key words: Dynastinae, introductions, exotic species, pest species, quarantine, biosecurity
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Baker, G. H., P. J. Carter, and V. J. Barrett. "Influence of earthworms, Aporrectodea spp. (Lumbricidae), on pasture production in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 7 (1999): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98182.
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Most of the earthworms now found in agricultural fields in south-eastern Australia are exotic, patchily distributed, mineral soil dwellers (endogeic species). The influence of two of the most common endogeic species, Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. trapezoides, on pasture production was compared with that of another exotic, surface-feeding, deep-burrowing (anecic) species, A. longa, which is essentially restricted in its Australian distribution to Tasmania. Comparisons were made by introducing 4 different densities of the worms in cages at 10 field sites and measuring pasture production for approximately 5 months. All 3 species increased pasture production at most of the 10 sites. Increases in pasture production were greatest where original pasture production was low. Pasture production increased with earthworm density. Averaged across sites, earthworms increased pasture production by up to 61%. Significant increases in yield were detected with ≥214 A. longa/m 2 and ≥429 A. caliginosa or A. trapezoides/m 2. A. longa is a much bigger worm than A. caliginosa and A. trapezoides. If the initial number of worms introduced to the cages was taken as the measure of earthworm ‘abundance’, then A. longa increased pasture production more than the 2 endogeic species. If the biomass of introduced worms was taken as the measure of abundance, then the reverse was the case. A. longa reduced nitrogen levels in some soils. Phosphorus levels were not affected. No residual effects on pasture production were detected when soil that had been improved by earthworms was potted and resown with ryegrass. Broad scale introduction of A. caliginosa, A. longa, or A. trapezoides to sites lacking them in south-eastern Australia is likely to improve pasture production significantly. Addition of A. longa to existing communities of endogeic species should further increase pasture yield by enhancing functional diversity.
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De Lucia, B. "RESPONSE OF POTTED AUSTRALIAN ORNAMENTAL PLANTS TO DIFFERENT SOIL WATER CONDITIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 807 (January 2009): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.807.37.
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Westhorpe, R. N. "Geoffrey Kaye—a man of many parts." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 35, no. 1_suppl (June 2007): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0703501s01.
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Geoffrey Kaye was primarily an anaesthetist, but there were many facets to his life, not all of them involving medicine. He was also a researcher, author, teacher, engineer, inventor, metalworker, organiser, traveller, visionary and collector. Geoffrey Kaye had a vision for Australian anaesthesia. He put many of his own resources into the establishment of a ‘centre of excellence’ where the needs of a specialist society could be accompanied by an active educational and research facility. He was so far ahead of his time that his vision foundered on lack of enthusiasm from others. There is no doubt that Geoffrey is best remembered for his lasting legacy, the Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History, now housed at the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists in Melbourne. It is his core collection of equipment, documents and memorabilia that now gives us insight into the development of our specialty. His collecting extended beyond his love of medicine. He was renowned for his collection and knowledge of exquisite tableware, porcelain, and furniture, much of which now remains in the Ian Potter Museum collection, also in Melbourne.
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McLelland, Mark. "Young people, online fandom and the perils of child pornography legislation in Australia." International Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 1 (April 23, 2017): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877917704927.
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In 1971 the editors of Oz magazine were prosecuted for obscenity in a London courtroom for their infamous ‘School Kids Issue’, almost the entire contents of which had been created by a team of young people. In today’s Web 2.0 environment, similar kinds of content to that featured in the magazine is created by young people and made ubiquitous on fan websites. In particular ‘manips’ (manipulated images) of all kinds of pop culture heroes from boy band members to characters from Harry Potter are inserted into pornographic contexts. Whereas in the 1970s it was obscenity legislation that was used to restrict this form of cultural commentary, today child pornography legislation can be used to capture this content. I argue that changes to child pornography laws across the western world in the last two decades have resulted in the capture of even fictional images that are or may only ‘appear to be’ a person under the age of 18, rendering some aspects of online youth culture problematic. The ‘juridicial discourse’ that increasingly collapses a complex range of cultural representations into the category of child pornography is a cause for concern for all academics working on online youth cultures and for the young people involved.
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Kemp, Anne. "Chirodipterus potteri, a new Devonian lungfish from New South Wales, Australia: and the ontogeny of chirodipterid tooth plates." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20, no. 4 (January 19, 2001): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0665:cpandl]2.0.co;2.
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Pavlov, A., W. Ivantsoff, PR Last, and LELM Crowley. "Kestratherina brevirostris, a new genus and species of silverside (Pisces : Atherinidae) with a review of atherinid marine and estuarine genera of southern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 4 (1988): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880385.
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The systematics of southern Australian marine and estuarine atherinids has been confused by the many generic name changes since Richardson first described Atherina hepsetoides in 1843. Recent studies have shown that Atherinason esox (Klunzinger 1872) comprises two distinct species. Further studies using electrophoretic techniques have also shown that these two species belong in a new genus rather than in the genus Atherinason. The new genus Kestratherina will therefore include K. esox and a new species, K. brevirostris. Electrophoresis has also shown that Atherinosoma is not a cohesive group, and the two species originally assigned to that genus, A. presbyteroides (Richardson 1843) and A. wallacei, Prince, Ivantsoff and Potter 1982, must be placed into a new genus, Leptatherina.seagrass detritus, phytoplankton, diatoms, bacteria, zooplankton, fatty acids, sterols, fatty alcohols.
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Yuginovich, Trudy. "A POTTED HISTORY OF 19TH-CENTURY REMOTE-AREA NURSING IN AUSTRALIA AND, IN PARTICULAR, QUEENSLAND." Australian Journal of Rural Health 8, no. 2 (April 2000): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2000.00223.x.
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McKay, Jennifer. "Fresh water: New perspectives on water in Australia, edited by Emily Potter, Alison Mackinnon, Stephen McKenzie and Jennifer McKay." Water International 34, no. 3 (August 14, 2009): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060903115498.
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Offord, C. A., S. Muir, and J. L. Tyler. "Growth of selected Australian plants in soilless media using coir as a substitute for peat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 8 (1998): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98059.
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Summary. In 2 experiments coir fibre (coconut mesocarp) was compared with peat as a propagation or potting mix component for selected Australian native plants. The first experiment investigated root and shoot growth on cuttings of Pultenaea parviflora grown in mixes of peat : perlite : sand 4:7:3, coir : perlite : sand 4:7:3 or coir:perlite:sand 3:7:3. No differences in rooting or shoot regrowth were detected even though there were some differences in the chemical and physical characteristics of the mixes. Over 2 months, pH of the coir mixes rose from 3.3 and 3.9 to 5.8 and 5.6, respectively, whilst electrical conductivity decreased from 0.253 and 0.127 dS/m to 0.095 and 0.103 dS/m. The physical characteristics (air-filled porosity and water-holding capacity) of the mixes did not change substantially over time. In the second experiment, Brachyscome multifida var. dilatata, Correa ‘Dusky Bells’, Eucalyptus melliodora and Grevillea × gaudichaudii were potted into peat : sand 1:2, coir:sand 1:2 or coir:sand 1:3; whilst Callicoma serratifolia and Lomandra longifolia were potted into peat:sand 1:2, coir:sand 1:2 or coir:sand 1:5. All taxa and potting mix combinations were subjected to a ‘less frequent’ or ‘more frequent’ watering regime. The physical and chemical characteristics of the mixes were all within the Australian standard recommendations (AS 3743-1996) with the exception of pH which was initially slightly higher than recommended in all mixes. Analysis of growth characteristics over 14 months did not reveal any clear overall differences between mixes, indicating that coir was comparable with peat.
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Blakston, Angela, and Lisa Waller. "‘It’s always there’: A study of the sources and motivations for Australian teens’ news consumption." Australian Journalism Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00090_7.
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There is much to learn about the news habits of Australian teens and this study contributes to the small body of current research through an exploration of the news-consumption practices of 13‐17-year-olds at a Victorian independent school. In doing so, it explores the complex behaviours of younger people who are immersed in a physical and digital environment where, in their own words, news and information ‘is always there’. Through an analysis of focus-group data, informed by Potter’s theory of media literacy, this study supports international research findings that teens are aware of a range of daily news sources but mostly experience them incidentally. They purposefully seek news when it is a topic that holds their interest or is somehow personally relevant to them. Other significant findings suggest that Australian teens rely heavily on the search engine Google for news and information and have little to no allegiance to specific news providers. Teens believe ‘knowing’ the news will become more relevant to them as they get older and take on adult responsibilities.
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Kaur, P., C. X. Li, M. J. Barbetti, M. P. You, H. Li, and K. Sivasithamparam. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum on Brassica juncea in Australia." Plant Disease 92, no. 4 (April 2008): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-4-0650c.
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In Australia, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss (Indian mustard) has the potential as a more drought-tolerant oilseed crop than the B. napus L., with the first canola-quality B. juncea varieties released in Australia in 2006 and first sown for commercial production in 2007. Increased production of B. juncea is expected to result in the appearance of diseases previously unreported in Australia. In the spring of 2007 at the University of Western Australia field plots at Crawley (31.99°S, 115.82°E), Western Australia, plants of B. juncea genotypes from Australia and China had extensive stem colonization by powdery mildew at the end of the flowering period, with whitish patches ranging in size from 3 mm to 3 cm long. These patches coalesced to form a dense, white, powdery layer as they expanded. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by gently pressing infected stems containing abundant sporulation onto leaves of potted B. juncea seedlings of variety JM-18, incubating the plants in a moist chamber for 48 h, and then maintaining the plants in a controlled-environment room at 18/13°C for day/night. Signs of powdery mildew appeared at 7 days after inoculation, and by 10 days, it was well developed. Uninoculated control plants did not have powdery mildew. When symptomatic plants were examined, abundant conidia were typical of Erysiphe cruciferarum Opiz ex Junell, with cylindrical conidia borne singly or in short chains as described previously (2). Mycelia were amphigenous, in patches, and often spreading to become effused. Conidiophores were straight, foot cells were cylindrical, and conidia were mostly produced singly and measured 21.2 to 35.4 (mean 26.7 μm) × 8.8 to 15.9 μm (mean 11.9 μm) from measurements of 100 conidia. The spore size that we measured approximated what was found for E. cruciferarum (2) (30 to 40 × 12 to 16 μm), since we found 35 and 50% of spores falling within this range in terms of length and width, respectively. Conidia were, however, generally smaller in size than that reported on broccoli raab in California (1) (35 to 50 × 12 to 21 μm). We confirmed a length-to-width ratio greater than 2 as was found previously (1,2). Infected leaves showed signs of early senescence. While powdery mildew caused by E. cruciferarum is an important disease of B. juncea in India where yield losses as much as 17% have been reported (4), its potential impact in Australia is yet to be determined. To our knowledge, this is the first record of E. cruciferarum on B. juncea in Australia. In Western Australia, E. cruciferarum has been recorded on B. napus (oilseed rape) since 1986 and on B. napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Reichenb. (swede) since 1971 (3). In other regions of Australia, it has been recorded on B. rapa in Queensland since 1913 and on B. napus (oilseed rape) in South Australia since 1973. References: (1) S. T. Koike and G. S. Saenz. Plant Dis. 81:1093, 1997. (2) T. J. Purnell and A. Sivanesan. No 251 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1970. (3) R. G. Shivas. J. R. Soc. West. Aust. 72:1, 1989. (4) A. K. Shukla et al. Manual on Management of Rapeseed-Mustard Diseases. National Research Centre on Rapeseed-Mustard, Bharatpur, India, 2003.
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Jamieson, L. E., N. E. M. Page-Weir, A. Chhagan, and C. Curtis. "The efficacy of insecticides against Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri)." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6564.
Full textAbstract:
Australian citrus whitefly (ACWF) was first detected in Auckland in 2000 and has since spread to Kerikeri Gisborne and Bay of Plenty where it is causing sooty mould on a range of citrus varieties Although classical biological control is being considered for longterm management of this pest insecticidal control is required in the short term In a laboratory bioassay crawlers and young nymphs were the most susceptible life stages to insecticides while pupae and eggs were very tolerant Foliar applications of 11 insecticides and one soilapplied insecticide were tested in a potted plant trial targeting crawlers and young nymphs Ten weeks after application diazinon endosulfan and a soil application of imidacloprid had reduced infestations to nil Other effective products after 12 weeks were bifenthrin spirotetramat pyrethrin buprofezin azadirachtin maldison pyriproxifen and mineral oil Foliar applications of pymetrozine avermectin or soap did not significantly reduce numbers of ACWF compared with untreated plants at 12 weeks after application
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Nugroho, Hari, Pungki Lupiyaningdyah, and Jun-ichi Kojima. "Review of the potter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae) with a petiolate metasoma from Indonesian Archipelago." BIO Web of Conferences 19 (2020): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201900005.
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The taxonomy and biogeography of potter wasps with a petiolate metasoma occurring in the Indonesian Archipelago are reviewed. Literature review and specimens examination were carried out for the present study. Within the Eumeninae, the wasps with a petiolate metasoma distributed in the region have been more or less well studied compared with those with a non-petiolate metasoma, but their generic affinities and the concepts of some species yet remain unestablished. A total of 80 species belonging to 16 genera of the “petiolate metasoma” are known to occur from the region. Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo have mainly Oriental eumenine fauna, including several area- specific species of the Oriental genera. New Guinean fauna is comprised of Papua-Australian species of the widely distributed genera, together with widely distributed species and species endemic to New Guinea. The Wallacean fauna is constituted mainly with the area-specific species in the rather widely distributed genera; in the western part of Wallacea, they are represented mainly by widely distributed genera, together with Oriental genera; in the eastern part of Wallacea, they are constituted mainly by area endemic species of widely distributed Oriental genera. Widely distributed species generally show a wide range of variation in the marking patterns, and occurs sympatrically in some areas, even the peripheral populations usually characterized by the island(s)-specific marking patterns. Sympatric occurrences of forms with quite different color patterns in widely distributed species need further study to establish their taxonomic status, namely whether they are variations within a given area or different species.
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Herron, G. A. "The Effect of Compensol on the Potency of Meta-Systox, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.292a.
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Abstract Compehsol is a mixture of 20 organic esters and was supplied by Bayer Australia Ltd. as an odour masking agent for Meta-Systox (i) 250 g/L EC. The masking agent was added at the rate of 25% v/v of the proprietary product. A population of Myzus persicae, which had been kept under insecticide-free conditions for several years, was used for all testing. Insects were exposed to a range of concentrations by spraying with a Potter tower producing a spray deposit of 1.6 mg/cm2. Solutions were sprayed directly onto test animals and the response assessed after a 24 h holding period on cabbage leaves. Log dose probability curves were calculated using probit regressions and were compared using relative potency and residual deviance. The following models were fitted: 1. single probit regression line for Meta-Systox (i) and Meta- Systox (i) plus compensol; 2. parallel probit regression lines for Meta-Systox (i) and Meta-Systox (i) puis compensol; 3. nonparallel probit regression lines for Meta-Systox (i) and Meta-Systox (i) plus compensol. The changes in deviance were calculated and compared to the relevant 5% value of X2.
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Walsh, Michael J., Tarnya M. Fowler, Bronwyn Crowe, Toshihiro Ambe, and Stephen B. Powles. "The Potential for Pyroxasulfone to Selectively Control Resistant and Susceptible Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Biotypes in Australian Grain Crop Production Systems." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (March 2011): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00091.1.
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The widespread evolution of resistance in rigid ryegrass populations to the highly effective, in-crop, selective herbicides used within southern Australian grain-crop production systems has severely diminished the available herbicide resource. A new PRE grass-selective herbicide, pyroxasulfone, may offer Australian grain producers a new option for rigid ryegrass control in wheat crops. The efficacy and level of selectivity of rigid ryegrass control with pyroxasulfone was investigated for a range of annual crop species in potted-plant, dose–response studies. In comparison with other currently available PRE herbicides, pyroxasulfone provided effective control of both resistant and susceptible rigid ryegrass populations. Additionally, control of these populations was achieved at rates that had little or no effect on the growth and survival of wheat. This crop was also the most tolerant of cereal species, with triticale, barley, and oat being more injured at higher pyroxasulfone rates than wheat was. In general though, pulse-crop species were found to be more tolerant of high pyroxasulfone rates than cereal-crop species. There were subtle effects of soil type on the efficacy of pyroxasulfone, where higher rates were required to achieve effective control on soils with higher clay or organic matter contents. The ability of pyroxasulfone to selectively control resistant and susceptible rigid ryegrass populations as identified in these studies clearly indicate the potential for widespread use and success of this herbicide in Australian cropping systems.
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Grant, T., R. J. Lawn, and L. M. Bielig. "Variation among Australian accessions of Vigna vexillata for traits of agronomic, adaptive, or taxonomic interest." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02147.
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Variation among 79 accessions of Vigna vexillata was evaluated for a range of traits of potential agronomic, taxonomic, or adaptive significance, using potted plants grown in the glasshouse over summer. There was significant variation among accessions for all of the traits evaluated except for tuber morphology. The nature and extent of variation are likely to be of agronomic interest in a plant improvement context. Variation among accessions for quantitatively inherited traits relating to phenology, biomass accumulation (vegetative growth, seeds, and tubers), and pod and seed traits was, in most instances, normally distributed, with no evidence of large discontinuities in response. There was evidence of photoperiodic adaptation among accessions from different latitudes and some interrelations between quantitative traits, for which there were usually plausible physiological explanations. Among the several qualitative traits evaluated, there was evidence of minor linkages between some alleles. There was no evidence of major discontinuities in the observed variation, and no evidence of aggregations of traits into distinctive or geographically discrete morphotypes. It is concluded that V. vexillata is relatively homogeneous across the wide geographical range over which it occurs within Australia.
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Gunasinghe, N., M. P. You, V. Lanoiselet, N. Eyres, and M. J. Barbetti. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum on Brassica campestris var. pekinensis, B. carinata, Eruca sativa, E. vesicaria in Australia and on B. rapa and B. oleracea var. capitata in Western Australia." Plant Disease 97, no. 9 (September 2013): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-13-0299-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Inspection of field plantings of diverse cruciferous species, mainly oilseed varieties sown for agronomic assessment at Crawley, (31.99°S, 115.82°E), Western Australia, in September 2012, indicated the occurrence of extensive leaf and stem colonization by powdery mildew at the late flowering stage, with whitish patches 3 to 4 cm in length on stems of Brassica campestris var. pekinensis, B. carinata, B. oleracea var. capitata, B. rapa, Eruca sativa, and E. vesicaria. These patches coalesced to form a dense, white, powdery layer. Infected leaves showed signs of early senescence. Pathogenicity was demonstrated from transferring field inoculum from the most susceptible variety by pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of the six potted plant species, and incubating plants in a moist chamber for 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi) in an air-conditioned glasshouse approximating 25°C. Signs of powdery mildew were evident by 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), and well developed symptoms by 10 dpi and as observed in the field. Uninoculated control plants did not develop powdery mildew. On all inoculated species, abundant conidia typical of those produced by Erysiphe cruciferarum were observed, matching the descriptions of conidia given by Purnell and Sivanesan (3), with cylindrical conidia typically borne singly or in short chains. Mycelia were amphigenous, in patches, often spreading to become effused. Conidiophores were 3 to 4 cells, unbranched, and foot cells cylindrical. Across all host species, conidia were mostly produced singly with overall mean measured lengths 19.7 to 35.4 μm (mean 26.9 μm), and measured widths 7.1 to 12.9 μm (mean 9.7 μm), from measurements taken on 200 conidia for each of the six different species. Spore sizes measured approximated those found for E. cruciferarum by Kaur et al. (1) on B. juncea in Western Australia (viz. 21.2 to 35.4 × 8.8 to 15.9 μm), but were smaller than those reported by Purnell and Sivanesan (3) (viz. 30 to 40 × 12 to 16 μm) or by Koike and Saenz (1) (viz. 35 to 50 × 12 to 21 μm). We confirmed a length-to-width ratio >2 (mean range 2.7 to 2.8 across all six species) as found by both Purnell and Sivanesan (3) and Koike and Saenz (2). Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and (ITS)2 regions flanking the 5.8S rRNA gene was carried out with universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 and PCR products from E. cruciferarum from B. oleracea var. capitata and B. rapa sequenced. BLAST analyses to compare sequences with those in GenBank showed a >99% nucleotide identity for E. cruciferarum. In Western Australia, E. cruciferarum has been recorded on B. napus var. napobrassica since 1971 (4), B. napus since 1986 (4), and on B. juncea since 2008 (1). In other regions of Australia, E. cruciferarum has been recorded on B. campestris, B. oleracea var. capitata, B. oleracea var. acephala, B. napus, B. napus var. naprobrassica, and B. rapa var. rapa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of E. cruciferarum on B. campestris var. pekinensis, B. carinata, E. sativa, and E. vesicaria in Australia and on B. rapa and B. oleracea var. capitata in Western Australia. Powdery mildew epidemics on other brassicas in Western Australia are generally sporadic and it remains to be seen what the impact of this disease will be on these new host species. References: (1) P. Kaur et al. Plant Dis. 92:650, 2008. (2) S. T. Koike and G. S. Saenz. Plant Dis. 81:1093, 1997. (3) T. J. Purnell and A. Sivanesan. No. 251 in IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, 1970. (4) R. G. Shivas. J. Royal Soc. West. Aust. 72:1, 1989.
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Park, J. H., K. S. Han, J. Y. Kim, and H. D. Shin. "First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum sansevieriae on Sansevieria in Korea." Plant Disease 97, no. 11 (November 2013): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0402-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Sansevieria, Sansevieria trifasciata Prain, is cultivated in greenhouses and is used as a potted interior foliage plant in Korea. In April 2012, several plants (cv. Moonshine) exhibiting typical anthracnose symptoms from a local nursery were sent to the plant clinic of Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services for diagnosis. The leaf lesions began as round, partly water-soaked, pale greenish to grayish spots, which enlarged and ultimately coalesced, resulting in severe leaf blight. Concentric rings of blackish acervuli were formed in the expanding lesions of mostly 2 to 4 cm in diameter. Acervuli were mostly epiphyllous, circular to ellipsoid. Setae were aseptate to 3-septate, dark brown at the base, paler upwards, acicular, and up to 180 μm long. Conidia (n = 30) were oblong-elliptical to obovate, sometimes fusiform-elliptical, guttulate, hyaline, and 14 to 24 × 5 to 7.5 μm (mean 18.6 × 6.4 μm). Hyphopodial appressoria were dark brown to blackish, globose to clavate in outline, and 5 to 12 × 4 to 8 μm. Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were grayish-white, felted with cottony-white aerial mycelium on a gray to olivaceous gray background in culture. Gelatinous salmon- to orange-colored conidial masses were produced abundantly after one week's incubation. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the fungus were consistent with the description of Colletotrichum sansevieriae M. Nakamura & M. Ohzono (2,3). A voucher specimen was deposited in the Korea University herbarium (KUS-F26637). An isolate was deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (Accession No. KACC46835). Fungal DNA was extracted with DNeasy Plant Mini DNA Extraction Kits (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). The complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified with the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. The resulting 569-bp sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC847065). A BLAST search in GenBank exhibited 100% nucleotide identity with sequence of C. sansevieriae (JF911349) from the United States and >99% similarity with that of HQ433226 from Australia. To confirm pathogenicity, inoculum was prepared by harvesting conidia from 3-week-old cultures on PDA. A conidial suspension (2 × 106 conidia/ml) was sprayed over the five leaves of sansevieria ‘Moonshine’ wounded with a fine needle. Five leaves sprayed with sterile water served as controls. Plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain 100% relative humidity for 48 h and then kept in a greenhouse (22 to 28°C and 70 to 80% RH). Within 12 days, symptoms identical to those observed in originally infected leaf developed on all inoculated leaves. No symptoms were observed on control plants. C. sansevieriae was reisolated from the lesions of inoculated plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Sansevieria anthracnose associated with C. sansevieriae has been reported in Japan (2), Australia (1), and the United States (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of sansevieria anthracnose in Korea. Our observations in sansevieria nurseries suggest that preventing wound infection as well as maintaining good plant hygiene in greenhouses might be main strategies for this disease. References: (1) R. Aldaoud et al. Australas. Plant Dis. Notes 6:60, 2011. (2) M. Nakamura et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 72:253, 2006. (3) A. J. Palmateer et al. Plant Dis. 96:293, 2012.
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Stanisic, John, M. Shea, Darryl Potter, and O. Griffiths. "Addendum to Australian Land Snails Volume 2. A Field Guide to Southern, Central and Western Species’ (by Stanisic, J.; Shea, M.; Potter, D.; Griffiths, O.)." Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 61 (2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.17082/j.2204-1478.61.2019.2018-13.
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Garibaldi, A., D. Bertetti, P. Pensa, and M. L. Gullino. "Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces biocellatus on Spearmint (Mentha spicata) in Italy." Plant Disease 94, no. 9 (September 2010): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-9-1171a.
Full textAbstract:
Spearmint (Mentha spicata) is grown for its aromatic and carminative oil and as an ornamental. During the fall of 2009, 4-month-old plants grown on a commercial farm located near Albenga (northern Italy) showed signs and symptoms of an unknown powdery mildew. The adaxial leaf surfaces were covered with white mycelia and conidia, while the abaxial surfaces were less infected. As the disease progressed, infected leaves turned yellow and wilted. Mycelia were also observed on stems. Conidia were hyaline, elliptical to doliform, borne in short chains (two to three conidia per chain), and measured 35 × 21 μm (30 to 43 × 18 to 26 μm). Conidiophores measured 86 × 11 μm (76 to 97 × 9 to 13 μm) followed by one to three shorter cells, measuring, respectively, 22 × 11 μm (13 to 28 × 9 to 15 μm). Fibrosin bodies were absent. Chasmothecia were not observed in the collected samples. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS4/ITS6 and sequenced (1) (GenBank Accession No. HM053470). The 567-bp amplicon had 100% homology with the sequence of Golovinomyces biocellatus (GenBank Accession No. AB307675). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of healthy M. spicata plants. Three plants were inoculated, while the same number of noninoculated plants served as a control. Plants were maintained at temperatures from 18 to 25°C. Twelve days after inoculation, typical symptoms of powdery mildew developed on inoculated plants. The fungus observed on inoculated plants was morphologically identical to that originally observed. Noninoculated plants did not show symptoms. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. G. biocellatus has been reported on Mentha spp. in Australia (3) and the United States (4) and the pathogen is present on other plant genera in Italy. A similar powdery mildew of M. spicata was attributed to Erysiphe orontii in the United States (2). The economic importance of this disease is currently limited in Italy because of the limited planting of this host, but potted aromatic plants represent a steadily increasing crop in Italy. Voucher specimens are available at the Agroinnova Collection, University of Torino. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) S. T. Koike and G. S. Saenz. Plant Dis. 83:399, 1999. (3) J. R. Liberato and J. H. Cunnington. Australas. Plant Dis. Notes 2:83, 2007. (4) D. B. Marcum et al. Plant Dis. 94:276, 2010.
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Buru, Joshua Comrade, Olusegun O. Osunkoya, Kunjithapatham Dhileepan, Jennifer Firn, and Tanya Scharaschkin. "Eco-physiological performance may contribute to differential success of two forms of an invasive vine, Dolichandra unguis-cati, in Australia." NeoBiota 46 (May 10, 2019): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.46.33917.
Full textAbstract:
Invasive plant species are hypothesized as being more efficient at resource acquisition and use, resulting in faster growth than co-occurring non-invasive plant species. Nonetheless, some findings suggest that trait differences between invasive and non-invasive species are context dependent. In this study, two forms of an invasive vine species,Dolichandraunguis-cati, were used to test the context-dependent hypothesis.Dolichandraunguis-catiis a weed of national significance in Australia with two different forms: the ‘long pod’ (LP) and ‘short pod’ (SP). The two forms have different levels of distribution on the eastern Seaboard of the continent, with the SP form occurring extensively in both States of Queensland and New South Wales while the LP form is found only in isolated sites in South-East Queensland. This study examines whether differences in eco-physiological performance could be responsible for differential success of the two forms. A partially factorial experiment was set up in controlled conditions where potted plants of both forms were grown under two levels of light, water and nutrient resources (high and low) for 15 months. We measured several traits that are known to correlate with plant performance and resource use efficiency (RUE). The SP form exhibited higher values of carbon assimilation, RUE, number of subterranean tubers and leaf nitrogen than the LP form. However, the LP form produced greater biomass than the SP form, with the difference driven mainly by high resource conditions. The LP form displayed significantly higher phenotypic integration (number of traits significantly correlated) than the SP form in response to all treatments while the SP form exhibited higher phenotypic integration than the LP form in response to high resource conditions only. The SP form displayed traits that are well suited for successful colonization, possibly explaining its increased success in Australia, while the LP form possessed traits of opportunistic plants. Overall, we find that the two forms of the weedy vine deploy different carbon economies in response to resource conditions, which is evidence of the context-dependent trait hypothesis.
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Bilderback, Ted E., and Mary R. Lorscheider. "WETTING AGENTS USED IN CONTAINER SUBSTRATES—ARE THEY BMP'S?" HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 753d—753. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.753d.
Full textAbstract:
Packaged commercial grower mixes routinely contain wetting agents. Studies report that dry components such as pine bark can be more thoroughly moistened if wetting agents are used. Under frequent leaching irrigations, wetting agents have been reported to enhance nutrient loss. Effective longevity is expected to be only 3 to 4 weeks. New products claim greater longevity and advertise that less water volume is required for optimum plant growth. One such product is Saturaid (Debco Pty, Victoria, Australia). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saturaid on physical properties, nutrient levels, and growth under decreasing irrigation volume. The granular wetting agent was incorporated at 0, 1.0, and 2.0 g·liter–1 substrate volume. Cotoneaster dammeri `Skogholm' plants were potted into 2.8-liter pots and irrigated with 500 ml of water for 22 days, after which one-third of the containers received 425 ml (–15%) and one-third were irrigated with 350 ml (–30%) daily. Saturaid had little effect on moisture and air characteristics, and no effect on foliar nutrients or on leachates collected at 43, 64, or 84 days. When irrigation volume was decreased 15%, top dry weight was greatest at 2 g, followed by 1 g of Saturaid. When irrigation volume was decreased 30%, the same results occurred for top and root growth.
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Greer, Dennis H., and Chris Weston. "Heat stress affects flowering, berry growth, sugar accumulation and photosynthesis of Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon grapevines grown in a controlled environment." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 3 (2010): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09209.
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High temperatures during the growing season characterise many grape growing regions in Australia and elsewhere in the world, and impact on many processes including growth and berry development. To quantify the impact of heat on the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon, potted vines were grown in controlled environments and exposed to a temperature regime of 40/25°C at flowering, fruit set, veraison and mid-ripening stages. Vegetative and reproductive development was measured throughout and leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance tracked during heat exposures. Accumulation of soluble solids was determined during ripening. Leaf growth and stem extension were unaffected by heat whereas flowers completely abscised. Berries treated at fruit set developed normally and those treated at veraison and mid-ripening stopped expanding and sugar content stopped increasing. Photosynthesis was also affected on each occasion, with rates declining by 35% and taking 12 days to recover. Up to 10 mg carbon g (berry dry weight)–1 day–1 was required for ripening after veraison. For vines heat treated at veraison and mid-ripening, net carbon acquisition rates fell to below 4 mg carbon g (leaf dry weight)–1 day–1, which is inadequate to supply berry carbon requirements. This suggests that the impacts of heat on the ripening process can be traced back to the supply of carbon.
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Holcomb, G. E. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by an Oidium sp. on Banana Shrub (Michelia figo)." Plant Disease 83, no. 2 (February 1999): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.198c.
Full textAbstract:
Banana shrub (Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng.) is an evergreen grown in southern landscapes in hardiness zones 7 to 9. A powdery mildew disease has been observed sporadically on this plant for several years in the Baton Rouge area during fall months, but symptoms were always mild. During the summer and fall of 1998, banana shrub plants were observed with moderately severe powdery mildew infections that resulted in leaf chlorosis, distortion, and some defoliation. An Oidium sp. was present on both leaf surfaces, but sporulation was more abundant on the abaxial surfaces. Conidia were ellipsoid, produced in chains, devoid of conspicuous fibrosin bodies, and averaged 37 × 19 μm. No sexual stage was found. Conidia brushed from infected leaves to healthy leaves of a potted banana shrub maintained in a greenhouse caused new infections in 5 to 8 days. Factors responsible for the increased severity of the disease in 1998 are unknown, but the unusually dry summer may have contributed to the increased incidence of this disease. An Oidium sp. was listed on M. figo in Australia and the United States (1), but no other reports were found to confirm this. This is the first report of the occurrence of a powdery mildew on M. figo in the United States. Reference: (1) K. Amano. Host Range and Geographical Distribution of the Powdery Mildew Fungi. Japan Scientific Press, Tokyo, 1986.
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McLelland, Mark. "‘Not in front of the parents!’ Young people, sexual literacies and intimate citizenship in the internet age." Sexualities 20, no. 1-2 (August 1, 2016): 234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716645791.
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Clause 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child states that children have the right ‘to seek, receive or impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in art or in any other media of the child's voice’. However, there is one area in which this directive is constrained in various countries by domestic regulations curtailing children's access to information. That area is human sexuality. The arguments for and against children's access to sex education are well rehearsed. In this article, the author pursues a different angle, looking instead at the increasing restrictions placed upon young people's ability to imagine and communicate with each other about sexual issues, particularly in online settings. The advent of the internet and a range of social networking sites have not only enabled young people to access previously quarantined information about sexuality, but also to actively engage in forms of ‘intimate citizenship’ online. In this article, the author focuses on young people's online fan communities which use characters from popular culture such as Harry Potter or a range of Japanese manga and animation to imagine and explore sexual issues. ‘Child abuse publications legislation’ in Australia and elsewhere now criminalizes the representation of even imaginary characters who are or may only ‘appear to be’ under the age of 18 in sexual scenarios. Hence these children and young people are in danger of being charged with the offence of manufacturing and disseminating child pornography. Despite research into these fandoms that indicates that they are of positive benefit to young people in developing ‘sexual literacies’, there is increasingly diminishing space for young people under the age of 18 to imagine or communicate about sexuality, even in the context of purely fictional scenarios.
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Ghannoum, Oula, Susanne von Caemmerer, and Jann P. Conroy. "The effect of drought on plant water use efficiency of nine NAD - ME and nine NADP - ME Australian C4 grasses." Functional Plant Biology 29, no. 11 (2002): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp02056.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the response to drought of nine NAD–malic enzyme (NAD–ME) and nine NADP–malic enzyme (NADP–ME) C4 grasses. Species were grown from seeds in potted soil in a glasshouse. Seedlings were either watered regularly or exposed to two successive drying cycles of 8–10 d each, after which plants were harvested. Under well-watered conditions, average water use efficiency (WUE; dry mass gain per unit water transpired) was similar for NAD–ME and NADP–ME C4 grasses, and ranged between 6.0 and 8.7 g dry mass kg–1 H2O. Drought enhanced WUE of most species, but to a significantly greater extent in NAD–ME (1.20-fold) than NADP–ME (1.11-fold) grasses. Inhibition of dry matter accumulation (average of 12%) and shoot elongation under drought was similar among the C4 grasses. Leaf dry matter carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope compositions were significantly different between the two C4 subtypes. Leaf δ13C averaged –13.3 and –12.2, and leaf δ18O averaged 26.0 and 26.9 in well-watered NAD–ME and NADP–ME grasses, respectively. Drought significantly reduced leaf δ13C in most C4 grasses by an average 0.5. Leaf δ18O was not significantly affected by drought, indicating that leaf δ18O does not reflect drought-induced changes in leaf transpiration of C4 grasses. In the experiment reported here, NAD–ME grasses increased their WUE under drought to a greater extent than their NADP–ME counterparts. Increased WUE of the C4 grasses under drought was primarily related to control of water loss relative to carbon gain at the leaf, rather than the plant, level.
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Popay, Alison J., David E. Hume, Wade J. Mace, Marty J. Faville, Sarah C. Finch, and Vanessa Cave. "A root aphid Aploneura lentisci is affected by Epichloë endophyte strain and impacts perennial ryegrass growth in the field." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 2 (2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20299.
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The aphid Aploneura lentisci is widespread in Australia and New Zealand, living all year round on roots of its secondary grass hosts. The fungal endophyte (Epichloë festucae var. lolii), strain AR37 in Lolium perenne is known to greatly reduce populations and was a likely reason for the superior growth and persistence of this association previously observed in the field. Aphid populations were quantified in a field trial near Ballarat, comparing yields of perennial ryegrass infected with eight different endophyte strains and an endophyte-free (Nil) control in a common ryegrass background (Grasslands Samson (G. Samson)). AR37 and another endophyte strain, AR5, had significantly fewer aphids than all other endophytes. These differences were significantly related to yield increases taken before and after sampling that persisted until the end of the trial. In a pot trial comparing commercially available ryegrass-endophyte combinations with equivalent Nil controls, aphid numbers were lower on G. Samson AR37 and Banquet II with AR5 (Endo®5) than on all other cultivar-endophyte combinations. Compared with Nil controls, the common toxic strain in G. Samson, and two strains in Trojan also reduced aphid numbers. The AR5 endophyte produces the alkaloid ergovaline but high concentrations of this in roots of potted plants could not account for differences in root aphid numbers. Root concentrations of epoxyjanthitrems, the only known alkaloids produced by AR37, were low and unlikely to be the cause of resistance to A. lentisci.
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Cacciola, S. O., S. Scibetta, A. Pane, R. Faedda, and C. Rizza. "Callistemon citrinus and Cistus salvifolius, Two New Hosts of Phytophthora taxon niederhauserii in Italy." Plant Disease 93, no. 10 (October 2009): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-10-1075a.
Full textAbstract:
Bottlebrush (Callistemon citrinus (Curtis.) Skeels., Myrtaceae) and rock rose (Cistus salvifolius L., Cistaceae) are evergreen shrubs native to Australia and the Mediterranean Region, respectively. In the spring of 2003, approximately 2% of a nursery stock of 12-month-old potted plants of C. citrinus and 8% of a nursery stock of 12-month-old potted plants of Cistus salvifolius grown in the same nursery in Sicily, showed symptoms of leaf chlorosis, defoliation, and wilt associated with root and collar rot. A Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from roots and basal stems on BNPRAH selective medium (2). One isolate from rock rose (IMI 391708) and one from bottlebrush (IMI 391712) were characterized. On potato dextrose agar (PDA), the colonies showed stoloniform mycelium and irregular margins; on V8 juice agar (V8A), colonies were stellate to radiate. Minimum and maximum temperatures on PDA were 10 and 35°C, respectively, with the optimum at 30°C. Mean radial growth rate of isolates on this substrate was 9.9 and 11.3 mm/day, respectively. In saline solution (1), both isolates produced catenulate hyphal swellings and ellipsoid, nonpapillate, persistent sporangia with internal proliferations and dimensions of 52 to 70 × 30 to 42 μm and 51 to 85 × 39 to 45 μm. Mean l/b ratio of sporangia for both isolates was 1.8 ± 1. On V8A plus β-sytosterol, both isolates produced amphyginous antheridia and spherical oogonia in dual cultures with an A2 tester of P. drechsleri Tucker. Conversely, they did not produce gametangia with an A1 tester of P. cryptogea Pethybr., indicating they were A1 mating type. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA sequences of rock rose and bottlebrush isolates showed 100% similarity with those of two reference isolates of P. taxon niederhauserii from GenBank (Accession Nos. FJ648808 and FJ648809). On the basis of the analysis of the DNA, the species isolated from bottlebrush and rock rose were identified as Phytophthora taxon niederhauserii. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on 6-month-old potted plants of C. salvifolius and C. citrinus (10 plants of each plant species for each isolate) transplanted into pots (12 cm in diameter) containing a mixture of 1:1 steam-sterilized, sandy loam soil (vol/vol) with 4% inoculum produced on autoclaved kernel seeds. Plants were maintained at 25 to 28°C and watered to soil saturation once a week. After 2 to 3 weeks, all inoculated plants developed symptoms identical to those observed on plants with natural infections. Ten control plants transplanted into pots containing noninfested soil remained healthy. P. taxon niederhauserii was reisolated solely from inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. taxon niederhauserii on C. citrinus and C. salvifolius in Italy. This Phytophthora taxon has been reported recently on rock rose in Spain (3). References: (1) D. W. Chen and G. A. Zentmyer. Mycologia 62:397, 1970. (2) H. Masago et al. Phytopathology 67:425, 1977. (3) E. Moralejo et al. Plant Pathol. 58:100, 2009.
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KAY, PAUL, PAUL M. HUTCHINSON, and JOHN A. GREHAN. "New rearing method, life cycle, tunneling behavior and ecological notes on the splendid ghost moth Aenetus djernaesae Simonsen, 2018 from Western Australia (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 15, no. 2 (March 6, 2020): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.15.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
This study successfully documents, for the first time, the entire life cycle of Aenetus djernaesae Simonsen, 2018 and confirms the efficacy of using supplemental sources of fungi to feed the early instar larvae. Fresh cut pieces of the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) and sections of Eucalyptus L’Her. bark were placed around the base of potted host plants –Myoporum insulare R.Br. (Scrophulariaceae) and the potential host plant Dodonea hackettiana W.Fitz. (Sapindaceae). First instar larvae were added to this matrix where they fed on the mushroom and bark. The life cycle comprised egg development of 20 days, fungal feeding of ~36 days, and host plant development (including pupal) of ~300 days. Adult emergence of reared and field collected samples occurred within a 22 day period. Larvae transferring from fungi to host plants transitioned during the night by constructing a web of silk and plant tissues within two hours and proceeding to excavate a tunnel from within. The mature larval tunnel is relatively short, up to 220 mm in length and usually extending below the entrance around which the larvae grazes on callus tissue forming after bark removal. Most adults emerged within an hour of dusk with the pupa protruding from the top of the vestibule. The rearing method described here demonstrates the feasibility of laboratory based studies of larval development in Aenetus Herrrich-Schäffer and other callus-feeding stem boring Hepialidae. Key words: Hepialidae, Aenetus, life cycle, artificial diet, Myoporum, Dodonea, larval foodplant
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Cheeseman, Corinne. "Fresh Water: New Perspectives on Water in Australia. Edited by Emily Potter, Alison Mackinnon, Stephen McKenzie and Jennifer McKay. Melbourne University Publishing, 08 2007, 285 pp. ISBN: 978-0-522-85424-4." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 24 (2008): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000628.
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Polizzi, G., D. Aiello, A. Vitale, M. Kato, and M. Hyakumachi. "First Report of Crown and Root Rot Caused by Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A on Dodonaea viscosa in Italy." Plant Disease 93, no. 12 (December 2009): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-12-1347c.
Full textAbstract:
Florida hopbush (Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.) is an evergreen bush or small tree native to Australia and a member of the Sapindaceae. During September of 2008, a crown and root rot of D. viscosa was observed on 1-year-old potted plants in a commercial nursery in eastern Sicily, Italy. More than 15% of the plants showed disease symptoms. Infected plants were characterized by a lack of vigor. Roots and crowns were partially or completely destroyed, and as a consequence, infected plants were often wilted. Early in the disease development, roots and crowns showed brown lesions. Successively, mature crown lesions turned dark brown. Diseased tissues were surface disinfested for 1 min in 1% NaOCl, rinsed in sterile water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate, and then incubated at 25°C. A binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) species was consistently isolated from affected tissue of plants. Fungal colonies were white with floccose, aerial hyphae. Hyphal cells were determined to be binucleate when stained with 1% safranin O and 3% KOH solution (1) and examined at ×400. Anastomosis groups were determined by pairing isolates with five different tester isolates of BNR AG-A on 2% water agar in petri plates (3). Anastomosis was observed with all tester isolates. The rDNA-ITS of one isolate of BNR (DISTEF-DV2) was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AB514569) (2). The sequence from this isolate exhibited 99% homology with BNR AG-A (GenBank Accession No. AY738628). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on potted, healthy, 8-month-old plants of D. viscosa. Twenty plants were inoculated by placing 1/cm2 plugs of PDA from 5-day-old mycelial cultures near the base of the stem. The same number of plants was treated with 1/cm2 PDA plugs as controls. Plants were kept at 25°C and 95% relative humidity on a 12-h fluorescent light/dark regimen. Root and crown rots, identical to those observed in the nursery, appeared 30 days after inoculation, and all the inoculated plants died within 2 months. Control plants remained healthy. Binucleate Rhizoctonia was reisolated from symptomatic tissues, completing Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world of BNR AG-A causing disease on Florida hopbush. References: (1) R. J. Bandoni. Mycologia 71:873, 1979. (2) M. Hyakumachi et al. Phytopathology 95:784, 2005. (3) C. C. Tu and J. W. Kimbrough. Mycologia 65:941, 1973.
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Soares, J. M., F. F. do Crato, D. M. Macedo, and R. W. Barreto. "Sclerotium rolfsii Causing Stem Rot of Impatiens walleriana in Brazil." Plant Disease 93, no. 11 (November 2009): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-11-1214c.
Full textAbstract:
Impatiens walleriana, busy lizzy or balsam (local names in Brazil maria-sem-vergonha or beijo-de-frade), is an African member of the Balsaminaceae that has long ago been introduced and established in Brazil. It is now widely cultivated commercially as a potted plant and a popular garden plant (3). It also is a common weed along the coast and is particularly troublesome in some banana plantation areas. There are only two records of fungal pathogens attacking this plant in Brazil: Cercospora fukushiana (leaf spot) and Oidiopsis haplophylli (powdery mildew). In January 2009, a population of diseased plants of I. walleriana was found in a private garden in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Plants had rotted and girdled stem bases, leading to a collapse of stems Necrotic areas were covered with fans of white mycelium as well as abundant spherical sclerotia. The fungus was isolated in pure culture by direct aseptic transfer of mycelial fragments and sclerotia to potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Colonies were white, cottony, often forming fans, primary hyphae 3.0 to 6.0 μm in diameter, and bearing clamp connections; sclerotia formed after 7 days, initially white becoming dark brown with age, and 0.8 to 1.85 mm in diameter. These are typical features of Sclerotium rolfsii. A specimen was deposited in the local herbarium (Herbarium VIC) under Accession No. VIC 30732. Koch's postulates were performed by inoculating three healthy potted I. walleriana plants (10 × 40 cm high) with approximately 100 freshly collected sclerotia placed in close vicinity with the stem bases. Noninoculated plants kept in a separate pot served as controls. Plants were incubated in a dew chamber for 48 h at 25 ± 2°C. All inoculated plants showed symptoms of stem rot 72 h after inoculation, whereas controls remained healthy. S. rolfsii is a highly polyphagous species that has been recorded to be causing rots (also known as Southern blights) in Brazil on numerous hosts but there are no records of it attacking any members of the Balsaminaceae in Brazil. The only other published records of S. rolfsii on Impatiens spp. are from the United States (Hawaii and Illinois) (2) and the Philippines (1). In South America, there is a single report from Argentina (4) where the disease is regarded as a major threat to the potted plant industry because I. walleriana is one of the most popular potted plants in that country. The potential for losses is also significant for Brazil. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. rolfsii as a pathogen of I. walleriana in Brazil. Although very damaging to I. walleriana, it is unlikely that this fungus can be used as a natural enemy of this plant species in weed situations because of its wide host range. References: (1) T. O. Dizon and R. B. Pimentel. Philipp. Phytopathol. 29:101, 1993. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2009. (3) H. Lorenzi and H. M. Souza. Plantas Ornamentais no Brasil – Arbustivas, Herbáceas e Trepadeiras. Nova Odessa: Instituto Plantarum, 1995. (4). S. M. Wolcan and P. J. Grego. Australas. Plant Dis. Notes 4:54, 2009.
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Wijayabandara, Kusinara, Shane Campbell, Joseph Vitelli, and Steve Adkins. "Plant and Seed Mortality of Fireweed Senecio madagascariensis Following Herbicide Application." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036160.
Full textAbstract:
Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis Poir), is a weed of National significance and one of the worst weeds of coastal pastures in South Eastern Australia. Chemical control has been found to be effective in killing plants but there is no information on the effect of herbicides on the seeds that may be present on plants at the time of application. Consequently, a study was undertaken to determine the effect of five selective herbicides (1) on plant mortality at different life stages and (2) on the viability (as assessed by germination) of fireweeds seeds at different stages of maturity. Potted plants of the required growth stages were obtained through several collections of different sized seedlings from a field site near Brisbane. Before herbicide application, in the mature plant cohort the inflorescences were tagged according to their maturity as being either immature (IM) or intermediate (INT). Plants were sprayed with either fluroxypyr/aminopyralid (HotShot™) (A), bromoxynil (Bromicide® 200) (B), metsulfuron-methyl (Brush-Off®) (C), triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid (Grazon™ extra) (D), triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid (TordonTM regrowthMaster) (E) at the recommended rates with untreated control plants of the three growth stages also included for comparison. All herbicides killed fireweed seedlings and juvenile plants, but only treatments A, D and E gave high plant mortality (>80%) of mature plants. All herbicides also caused nil germination of seeds collected 30 days after spraying, except for a small percentage (8% germination) of mature seeds from Bromoxynil treated plants. These results have identified several herbicides capable of killing mature fireweed plants and minimizing replenishment of soil seed reserves.