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Academic literature on the topic 'Potentiel d'interface'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Potentiel d'interface"
Pusset, Raphaël. "Détermination des propriétés de charge d'espèces en solution : analyse et mise au point d'une technique électroacoustique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066575.
Full textThe stability of a solution containing charged species depends on the size and on the electric charge of the chemical entities suspended in the solution as well as on the properties of the solvent. In particular, the electric charge is at the origin of the electrostatic forces between the charged entities. This electric charge determines their tendancy to agregate and to sediment or not over time ; this information is essential in areas such as cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. However, determining these charge properties is difficult. They maybe quantified by the stuctural charge of the object, which is rarely measured or by the effective charge often estimated by means electrophoretic mobility or zeta potential. The usual method to determine the electrophoretic mobility is the electrophoresis but this technique cannot be used for opaque suspensions, concentrated suspensions and suspensions with high conductivity. The scarcely used acoustophoretic method allows us to bypass these difficulties. This technique is the only one adapted to concentrated or opaque environments as well as many solutions of indutrial interest, whatever the size of the charged species, from the ion to micrometric particles. The principle of measurement (predicted by Debye, J. Chem. Phys, 1, 13 (1933)) is the analysis of the electric response of the solution under a pressure wave. Our objectve was to design and industrialize an acoutophoresis prototype having the three following charateristics : a much smaller sampling volume than previous devices, direct access to the raw signal, specific tools for the treatment of the signal and a better understanding of the technical possibilities of the techique. Firstly, the report presents the notions necessary to describe the environment of charged objects in a solution and the electrokinetic techniques available to characterize such charged systems. Secondly the analysis of the literature and of actual devices allows us to understand the current state of the technique from both theoretical and experimental points of view. Thirdly we explain the conception and the development of our prototype as a finish product with the desired characteristics. Finally, we present measurements on several model systems, which validate the efficiency of our innovative prototype
Siviniant, Jérôme. "Magnéto-optique d'une double puits quantique CdTe/CdMnTe : contribution magnétique au potentiel d'interface. Exciton chargé négativement." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20204.
Full textNachbaur, Laurent. "Etude de l'influence d'électrolytes sur l'hydratation et la prise du silicate tricalcique, composant principal du ciment Portland : Caractérisation des interactions à l'origine de la prise." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS055.
Full textZheng, Lin. "Étude et caractérisation des interfaces conducteur/isolant par la méthode de l'onde de pression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS288.
Full textThe interfaces between a conductor and an insulator are generally assumed to be perfect, meaning that the Debye length in the insulator is considered to be much larger than its thickness. However, this work shows that this is not the case and that interface states generate a contact potential that can significantly alter the behavior of the interface when the material is subjected to a strong electric field. Indeed, the interface dipole responsible for the interface voltage modifies the curvature of the energy bands and thus either promotes or hinders charge injection or extraction. A series of experiments was conducted using the pressure wave method, implemented with a high-power acoustic generator on various polyethylene samples, with different electrodes and under various experimental conditions. The interface dipoles observed through measurement do indeed influence charge injection when the material is under high voltage. It is noteworthy that aluminum has a greater influence, particularly when used with silicone oil. When the insulator does not have electrodes, it is preferable to directly couple it with a carbon-filled polymer and silicone oil rather than deposit electrodes on it under vacuum. The interface dipole observed is indeed closer to that seen with carbon-filled polymer electrodes hot-bonded to the material. Upon applying voltage, charges initially penetrate the sample due to the interface dipole. The migration of these charges then leads to secondary injections caused by a field effect. Fluorinating the surface of the samples did not significantly improve the situation and thus does not act as a shield against charges, but rather as a barrier to the diffusion of impurities
Onopriienko, Oleg. "Mécanique de rupture des matériaux piézoélectriques avec des conditions électriques mixtes aux faces de la fissure d'interface." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC085.
Full textActive materials, first of all piezoelectric and piezo-electro-magnetic ones, are often used as functional parts of different electronic devices including sensors, transducers and actuators because these materials have the ability to change their shape under electric or magnetic field. In many cases the size of the mentioned devices is relatively small, but nevertheless they can undergo to very large mechanical, electric and magnetic fields. Moreover, these devices are usually constructed of elements which can be manufactured of different materials (piezoelectric or piezoelectromagnetic elements, electrodes etc.). Because of an imperfect adhesion of the mentioned elements different defects, like debonding and delamination, can occur between different elements. These situations may take place during the manufacture and exploitation of the active smart structures. The mentioned defects between different constitutive elements are called interface cracks. These cracks are usually the main reason of constructions failure, therefore, their investigation is very important for avoidance of such failure and providing the reliability of electronic devices. Various methods of the investigation of fracture mechanics problems for piezoelectric and piezoelectromagnetic bodies with interface cracks have been developed up to now. The methods of interface crack investigations essentially depend on the modeling of the electrical conditions at the crack faces. Because cracks are usually filled with some medium (air, silicon oil, water and so on), it is desirable to take the properties of this medium into consideration. On this reason the so called electrically permeable, impermeable and limited permeable crack models are developed and actively used at present. Moreover, the crack faces can be sometimes covered with electrodes or the crack can be filled by conducting fluid. In both cases the so called electrically conducting crack model should be applied. Many problems for interface cracks in the framework of the mentioned electric crack models are already solved, however some important problems remains unresolved till nowadays. The solution of these problems defines the tasks of the present investigation. First of all it should be mentioned that the analytical investigation of interface cracks with mixed electrical conditions at the crack faces are unknown for the author of this thesis. Therefore the first task of the work is related to the investigation of an interface crack in a piezoelectric bimaterial under the action of antiplane mechanical and in-plane electric loadings provided that one part of the crack faces is electrically conducting whilst another one is electrically permeable. Due to the presentation of electromechanical quantities via sectionally-analytic functions the problem is reduced to the combined Dirichlet-Riemann boundary value problem and solved exactly. All electromechanical characteristics along the interface, including the stress intensity factors, are found in a simple analytical form. The second task is devoted to the consideration of a conductive crack and an electrode interaction at a piezoelectric bi-material interface under the action of anti-plane mechanical loading and in-plane electrical field parallel to the crack faces. Special attention is devoted to the consideration of new interface crack model, which is free from the oscillation in case of completely permeable interface (no electrode) outside of the crack. The analytical approach based upon complex potentials method is used. The third task is associated with the first one, but for piezoelectromagnetic material and an additional in-plane magnetic loading. The presentations of mechanical, electric and magnetic quantities via sectionally-analytic functions are found and the problems of linear relationship are formulated and solved exactly for any lengths of electro-magneto conducting and electro-magneto permeable parts of the crack. (...)
Darnet, Mathieu. "Caractérisation et suivi de circulations de fluides par la mesure de Potentiels Spontanés (PS)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/DARNET_Mathieu_2003.pdf.
Full textGourdin, Simon. "Description analytique des phénomènes acoustophorétiques, en solutions et suspensions." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066720/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is on the analytical description of acoustophoretic phenomena, in solutions and suspensions. Acoustophoresis is the creation of an electric field by an acoustic wave.First part is on electrolytic solutions, and it begins by a critical review of literature, from Debye first paper to a recent Ph.D. thesis on the same subject. Hypotheses are carefully selected, and a new model is deduced. This model, using pressure, friction, electric, inertia and corrective force, allows the prediction of acoustophoresis up to 0,3 molar for a simple salt, without any fitting parameter. An extension to solutions with three ionic species is done, and a Fortran program to compute the acoustophoresis as a function of the concentration is given in annex. Extension of the model, in the case of ionic liquid, allows the measurement of the volume of ions. A brief point is done on micellar and colloidal suspensions. A second part is on the application of non-equilibrium thermodynamic, especially Onsager reciprocal relation, to the acoustophoresis of suspensions. Acoustophoresis is shown to be proportional to the electric mobility, which allows the measurement of the latter in dark and concentrated suspensions. A link between acoustophoresis and the creation of acoustic wave by an electric field is also found, and a process to isolate contributions of colloids in real suspensions, with a supporting electrolyte, is proposed