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1
Elam, Donald Emmett. "Attacking the infrastructure : exploring potential uses of offensive information warfare /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA311391.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology [Command, Control and Communications (C3)]) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1996."June 1996." Thesis advisor(s): Dan C. Boger, Vicente Garcia. Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-184). Also available online.
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Ferguson, Niketa. "Characterisation of pharmacological mechanisms and potential therapeutic uses of FK866." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8553.
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The finding that NAD+ plays a role in a variety of signalling pathways, including gene expression, Ca2+ signalling and DNA repair mechanisms, has sparked interest in the proteins involved in these pathways as potential pharmacological targets for drug development. Recently, FK866, a potent inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) an important enzyme in the NAD+ rescue pathway, has been evaluated in clinical trials against cancer. The aim of this study is to further investigate the mechanisms and therapeutic characteristics of FK866 in different cancer cell lines and to determine if decreasing intracellular NAD+ levels can be used as a co-therapy strategy to improve the efficacy of current and new chemotherapy treatments. Experiments measuring cell vitality showed that FK866 dose-dependently decreased cell vitality. To investigate NAD+ consumption during Nampt inhibition, NAD+ levels were measured in cells treated with FK866 and inhibition of each of the main NAD+ consuming enzymes (PARP, sirtuins or CD38). This revealed differential NAD+ consumption rates by the different NAD+ consuming enzymes in MDA-MB-231 cells, with sirtuins being the major NAD+ consuming enzyme. The glycolytic effects of Nampt inhibition was measured using SEAHORSE assays; which measured the oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates as well as measuring NAD+/ NADH ratios. In the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, FK866 had no effect on the oxygen consumption rates; however there was a general decrease in extracellular acidification rates indicating an effect on glycolytic activity. When measuring the NAD+/NADH ratio however, there was only a decrease in the MDA -MB-231 cells but no change in the MCF-7 cell line. Cell vitality and NAD+ levels were measured after treatment with FK866 in addition to NAD+ consuming enzyme inhibitors or the alkylating agent, Temozolomide to see if combination therapy would have more cytotoxic potential. This co-treatment indicated that there was no real positive effect on either the MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells in either the cell vitality or NAD+ levels. Finally the effects of FK866 and the oral PARP inhibitor, Olaparib, were investigated using 3D cell culture (spheroids) and compared with 2D monolayer cultures. The effects of FK866 showed little difference in spheroid or monolayer culture. However, when treating with Olaparib there was higher level of cell viability and NAD+ levels with the cells grown in spheroid culture in comparison to cells grown in monolayer. In conclusion, this study has shown that FK866, as a single treatment decreases cell vitality, NAD+ levels and glycolytic activity. However as a co -therapy with PARP or Sirtuin inhibitors there is an increase in the cell vitality and NAD+ levels. Although similarities have been seen between spheroid culture and monolayers as a single treatment, FK866 does not seem to have the beneficial effects as a therapeutic.
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Mmolotsi, Ronnie M. "Potential uses of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) in silvopastoral systems." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409467.
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Burton, Lucy, Shane D. Johnson, and Alex Braithwaite. "Potential uses of Numerical Simulation for the Modelling of Civil Conflict." WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624086.
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This paper explores ways in which civil conflict can be simulated using numerical methods. A general two-party model of conflict is developed by extending an approach proposed by [Christia, F., (2012), Alliance Formation in Civil Wars, Cambridge University Press, New York], which is based on a metric of the 'relative power' that exists between the state and a rebel group. Various definitions of relative power are considered and one of these is chosen to illustrate different types of two-sided armed conflict, namely direct-fire, guerrilla and asymmetric warfare. The additional suggestion of Christia that random or stochastic events can lead to unexpected conflict outcomes is also further extended in this paper. The inclusion in the model of terms describing concurrent rebel recruitment of civilians and state deployment of troops are then described. Examples are presented for various hypothetical cases. It is demonstrated that numerical simulation techniques have great potential for modelling civil war. The Christia approach is shown to provide an excellent basis from which numerical models of civil conflict can be built and from which the progress of a conflict can usefully be visualised graphically.
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Cross, M. S. "Electronic medical records in paediatric ophthalmology : a study of potential users and uses to inform design." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10049547/.
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Electronic medical records are at the core of an advancing movement toward information-driven healthcare. By enhancing abilities to capture, store, and analyse vast amounts of health data, the routine use of electronic medical records is advocated as a means to improve the efficiency and quality of care provision, advance population health, empower patients, and reduce healthcare costs. However, the delivery of any benefits is threatened by a failure to understand the unique care environments of different clinical specialties, and to appropriately customise system design. This has prompted a move to the user-centred design process of health information technology. Paediatric ophthalmology is a unique field that faces particular challenges in electronic medical record adoption. As with other ophthalmic specialties, the heavy use of imaging and diagrammatic documentation is difficult to replicate electronically. As is the flexibility required to meet the demands incurred by the varying ages, developmental stages, and visual needs of each patient, reflecting a unique interface between the ophthalmic and paediatric requirements. The consideration of such requirements is essential throughout the user-centred design of effective health information technology systems. However, paucity in the evidence base surrounding electronic medical record design methodologies and system usage hinders technological development and application within paediatric ophthalmology. This research was centred on a user-centred design process, to provide an understanding of the users of electronic medical records in paediatric ophthalmology, and their requirements. Taking a mixed methods approach, this research initially explored the landscape of medical record use – gathering user- centred requirements – and concluded with the development and testing of three prototype data collection forms, for specific use cases within paediatric ophthalmology. Overall, this work articulates the specific challenges and requirements in this area, and provides the foundation for future design and adoption strategies of electronic medical record systems within paediatric ophthalmology.
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Davis, Jeffrey H. "A study of potential uses for Walsh transformed images in target recognition." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA292722.
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Kudzi, William. "A pharmacogenetic profile of a Ghanian population : its analysis and potential uses." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479080.
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Ng, Sien Kiat Paul. "Data-dependent designs in clinical trials : their current uses and potential implications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616181.
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Panova, Tayana. "How ICTs can influence psychological wellbeing: an analysis of uses and addiction potential." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668745.
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Les Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacions (TIC) com Internet i els telèfons
intel·ligents van entrar a la nostra vida fa només uns 20 anys, però, en aquest curt període de temps, han reconvertit profundament el funcionament de la societat i dels individus de tot el món. Això ha portat a preguntes i investigacions sobre com l’ús freqüent de la tecnologia influeix en la nostra salut social i psicològica. Aquest treball de tesi vol aportar informació sobre aquest tema a través de quatre estudis sobre tres de les TIC més populars - telèfons intel·ligents, xarxes socials en línia i Internet- i mitjançant la lent de tres preguntes d’investigació - 1) La addicció és el marc adequat per utilitzar a l’hora de investigar. ús problemàtic de les TIC?; 2) Quins són els efectes
de la cultura en un ús problemàtic de les TIC?; i 3. Quins usos concrets s’associen a problemes relacionats amb les TIC? Les conclusions a què arribem són les següents. En aquest moment, l’addicció no és un terme adequat per utilitzar-se en la investigació sobre problemes relacionats amb les TIC. En segon lloc, certs usos específics s’associen a conseqüències problemàtiques de l’ús de les TIC, mentre que altres usos no ho són, per tant no és prudent patologitzar totes les TIC. En tercer lloc, els usos associats a un ús problemàtic són diferents segons la cultura de l’usuari. En una cultura, un ús particular de les TIC pot ser problemàtic, mentre que en un altre país pot ser adaptatiu. En quart lloc, alguns aspectes de l’ús de les TIC semblen ser més o menys constants en cultures com ara els usos més populars dels telèfons intel·ligents i els factors subjacents de l’ús problemàtic de les TIC.Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) como Internet y los teléfonos inteligentes entraron en nuestras vidas hace solo 20 años, pero en este corto periodo de tiempo han rediseñado profundamente la forma en que funcionan la sociedad y las personas en todo el mundo. Esto ha llevado a preguntas y investigaciones sobre cómo el uso frecuente de las tecnologías influye en nuestra salud social y psicológica. El objetivo de este trabajo de tesis es aportar información sobre este tema a través de cuatro estudios sobre tres de las TIC más populares: teléfonos inteligentes, redes sociales en línea y Internet y a través de la lente de tres preguntas de investigación: 1) ¿Es la adicción el marco correcto para usar en las investigaciones del uso problemático de las TIC?; 2) ¿Cuáles son los efectos de la cultura en el uso problemático de las TIC?; y 3) ¿Qué usos específicos están asociados con los problemas relacionados con las TIC? Las conclusiones a las que llegamos son las siguientes. En este momento, la adicción no es un término adecuado para usar en la investigación sobre problemas relacionados con las TIC. En segundo lugar, ciertos usos específicos están asociados con consecuencias problemáticas del uso de las TIC, mientras que otros usos no lo son, por lo tanto, no es prudente patologizar la totalidad de las TIC. En tercer lugar, los usos asociados con el uso problemático de las TIC son diferentes según la cultura del usuario. En una cultura, un uso particular de las TIC puede ser problemático, mientras que en otro país puede ser adaptativo. En cuarto lugar, ciertos aspectos del uso de las TIC parecen ser más o menos constantes en todas las culturas, como los usos más populares de los smartphones y los factores subyacentes del uso problemático de las TIC.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) such as the Internet and smartphones entered our lives only about 20 years ago, yet in that short time they have deeply rewired the way society and individuals all around the world function. This has led to questions and investigations regarding how the frequent use of technology influences our societal and psychological health. This thesis work aims to contribute some insight on this subject through four research papers about three of the most popular ICTs - smartphones, social media and the Internet and through the lens of three research questions - 1) Is addiction the correct framework to use when researching problematic ICT use?; 2) What are the effects of culture on problematic ICT use?; and 3) What specific uses are associated with ICT-related problems? The conclusions we arrive at are the following. At this time, addiction is not a suitable term to use in the research on ICT related problems. Secondly, certain specific uses are associated with problematic consequences of ICT use whereas other uses are not, therefore it is unwise to pathologize the entire ICT. Thirdly, the uses that are associated with problematic ICT use are different depending on the culture of the user. In one culture a particular ICT use can be problematic, whereas in another country it may be adaptive. Fourthly, certain aspects of ICT use appear to be more or less constant across cultures such as the most popular smartphone uses and the underlying factors of problematic ICT use.
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Devine, Gregor John. "Potential uses of piperonyl butoxide for controlling the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267912.
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Delmonte, Tiina. "Studies into the potential uses for microstructured fibres in aerospace and defence applications." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493515.
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Microstructured fibres are investigated with the view to integrating these novel fibre types into aerospace platforms in the future. Several potential applications are studied using different properties of a variety of microstructured fibres.
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Donnelly, Eric. "Potential uses of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) in organic agriculture in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274892.
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To assess the availability of bracken and the factors influencing frond yields, this thesis investigated the growth and phenology of bracken populations across Scotland in relation to site characteristics. The change in elements in fronds and litter from April to November was analysed, along with the concentrations of the carcinogen Ptaquiloside (Pta). Frond dry matter yields increased to maximum in August/September, falling to those in November. In September/October, frond yields ranged from 4.70-15.9 DM t ha-1. Frond concentrations of phosphorus and potassium reduced, and concentrations of calcium and magnesium increased from May to November. Frond Pta concentrations reduced during this period also, with the highest concentration recorded of 5792 mg kg-1 in May 2002 at Loch Grannoch, SW Scotland. This thesis also investigated the effects of harvesting of fronds, and the burning and clearing of litter on the yield of frond dry matter, yield and content of ash and on Pta concentrations in fronds. The concentration of twenty-one elements, the CaCO3 equivalence and pH of this ash were determined, and the effect of harvesting of fronds on subsequent yields was assessed. Harvesting during the growing season reduced the preceding yield of fronds, but not if harvested after senescence. A positive regression was found between frond DM and ash yields. The maximum yield of K in ash was harvested in August/September, at around 180 kg ha-1. Calculations of the value of bracken ash using August 2001 K concentrations and the cost of other organic K sources came to between £219-£980 t-1. The ash produced had a mean pH of 11.9, and mean calcium carbonate equivalence of 52%. Lifting litter increased the density of fronds, and burning litter increased the soil available Mg concentrations and Ca concentrations in the ash. Pta concentrations in fronds that emerged in reaction to harvesting were higher compared to those fronds first harvested at the same time.
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Boyd, Edward L., Charles S. Novits, and Robert A. Boisvert. "Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS): An Overview Of The System And Its Potential Uses." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608576.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) concept, since its inception, has been defined into three separate but distinct areas of service. • Viewing of data in the real-time environment. • Multiple range viewing and usage of"real-time data." • Problems with the sharing of information through DIS. This paper will discuss the DIS concept and some of the various methods available to display this data to users of the system.
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Garg, Nishi. "INVESTIGATING THERMOCHROMIC AND REVERSIBLE CHANGES IN POLYDIACETYLENE LIOSOMES WITH POTENTIAL USES AS BIOSENSORS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1296.
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Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) exhibit a chromatic response to solvents, temperature, strain and other environmental perturbations. When formed in a solid-state polymerization, the backbone of the polymer is planar which provides extended conjugation polymer backbone. However, when an external force is exerted on the backbone, the extended conjugation is interrupted and an optical shift from blue to red is observed. A system using conjugated PDA Nano structures has been developed as a model to study the reversibility in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and electronic absorption of the PDA liposome particles. In the first study, a reversible system composed of PDA and Sulforrhodamine-101 was utilized where PDA and SR -101 act as acceptor and donor respectively. Colorimetric transition from blue to red in PDA liposomes was achieved through heating the conjugated liposomes. In this work, the FRET mechanism was evaluated without violating the role of nature that energy flows "down" hill and that the role of donor and acceptor in FRET are fixed. Reversible interchanging roles of donor and acceptor over many thermo-chromatic cycles in a modified-PDA-SR101 liposomal system were also evaluated. The nanotubes synthesized are thus unique and robust. The characterization studies showed that the nanotubes are both in Nano and micro scale. Thus the self-assembled chemistry using this material would find wide applications in such areas such as sensors, actuators, and computational devices at both micro and nano scale and further studies might offer them as an encapsulation drug delivery vehicle. Both these studies offer a new insight to the unique properties of polymerized PDA liposomes.
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Ramchandani, Shyam. "Identification of the DNA methylation machinery, its regulation and uses as potential anticancer therapeutics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0031/NQ64655.pdf.
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Taha, Mutasem O. "Some uses of acyliminium ions in the synthesis of isoquinolones with potential biological activity." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12608.
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The preparation of a number of 2-substituted homophthalimides through the condensation of homophthalic anhydride with different arylalkyl arnines is reported. The prepared compounds were alkylated at the 4-position to generate 4-mono-, 4,4-disubstituted and 4-spirocyclic homphthalimides, the analogues of which were reported to have interesting biological activity. Regioselective reduction of the 4-substituted derivatives generated the corresponding carbinolamides. Treating the carbinolamides with mineral or Lewis acids generated N-acyliminiurn ions, which were trapped in situ by one of the following: ( 1) aromatic neucleophiles to generate analogues of the natural product berberine, (2) alkyl chain migration to generate tetrahydrophenanthridones and functionalised isoquinolones, (3) cyclopropane ring-opening to generate 4-alkylisoquinolones, (4) addition to double bond to generate cyclopentaisoquinolones and (5) benzyl or allyl elimination. The oxidation of 4-monosubstituted homophthalimides with triplet dioxygen in alkaline media was investigated, and it generated 4-hydroxyhomophthalimides and isobenzofurancarboxamides. Treating isobenzofurancarboxamides with POCI3 provided a concise route to analogues of the neuroactive naturally-occurring phthalideisoquinolines.
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Goldhaber, Tanya S. (Tanya Sofia). "Investigation of potential industrial uses for tools assessing saliency and clutter of design features." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59925.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 20).
As human interaction with digital displays becomes an indispensable part of everyday life, user Interface (UI) design is becoming an increasingly important field. There is a great demand in industry for tools to aid designers in UI design, and in response to this need, a perceptual tool, DesignEye, has been developed. DesignEye creates maps of saliency and clutter within an image, which can be used by designers to find problem areas in a design. The experiment described here tested how subjects differ in their analysis of existing UT designs when they have also been given access to maps from DesignEye. Subjects were asked to evaluate existing designs in Ford vehicles for three conditions: (i) while being given no assistance, (ii) while being asked to use a design technique like squinting, and (iii) while being asked to use DesignEye output. It was found that subjects did not substantially differ in their analysis when given a perceptual tool. However, due to the backgrounds of the subjects tested and the experimental setup and environment, further testing is necessary to determine how DesignEye might change the way designers analyze designs, build consensus within teams, and objectively rate potential design options.
by Tanya S. Goldhaber.
S.B.
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Asghar, Jabreel. "Critical investigation into a textbook for actual and potential uses in Pakistani higher secondary education." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3612/.
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Morgan (1997:16) observes that any form of education aims to bring about changes in students. It must, therefore, have in view both what an educated person should be and the ideal society to whose relationship they will contribute. Such educated individuals will presumably contribute to the betterment of their society insofar as adjustments to their status quo are desirable. In line with Morgan, this study has suggested that disempowered learners in Pakistani higher secondary classroom, by taking the ownership of their learning, can emerge as independent critical thinker with a better perception of the world. This study has explored how conservative pedagogical treatment affects the learners’ understanding of texts by disempowering and having them either misperceived or incomplete information. The study has proposed an alternative route to learning which might ensure a more effective impact on the learning process and the learning outcome. For this purpose, the study critically analyses the texts of a Pakistani higher secondary English textbook to investigate how ineffective treatment of these texts influences the learners’ perception of the world and their learning outcome. The critical discourse analysis complements a questionnaire survey followed by interviews with the learners to gauge their level of understanding of the texts in line with the goals and objectives set by the national curriculum of Pakistan. Following a critical paradigmatic pattern, the study not only points out the problem but also comes up with a change agenda by advocating the case for critical pedagogy for these learners. The study proposes sample material to support how adding a critical dimension to the existing English syllabus may well achieve better results in term of academic accomplishments, in addition to broadening the learners’ vision, and preparing them to face the rapidly changing and growing world of the 21st century.
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Fujimori, Jessica E. (Jessica Eileen). "Ice-rafted debris in the Southern Ocean : potential uses and limitations of ²³⁰Th-normalized fluxes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90663.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, June 2014."May 12, 2014." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 20).
We measured IRD fluxes from 22-5 ka BP in two sediment cores from the Scotia Sea using two different methods. The first, commonly used method, uses the linear sedimentation rate (LSR), dry bulk density, and weight percent of IRD in the sample. The second uses ²³⁰ThTh normalization, which has been proposed as an improved way to determine sediment fluxes in sites with significant lateral redistribution. We found that IRD fluxes calculated using the LSR produced a chronology in closer agreement with prior studies than those calculated using ²³⁰ThTh normalization. Based on the differences in records between the two cores, we conclude that IRD flux records more likely provide information about local ice sheet dynamics than about ice sheet behavior as a whole. IRD flux records may be influenced by differences in local sediment focusing, currents, and distance from the ice sheet.
by Jessica E. Fujimori.
S.B.
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Beal, Quincy Frodesen. "Manager Tools Podcast: A Study of Podcasting's Effectiveness with Profit Potential." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2718.pdf.
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Kostandini, Gentian. "Potential Impacts of Pharmaceutical Uses of Transgenic Tobacco: The Case of Human Serum Albumin and Gaucher's Disease Treatment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10119.
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This thesis examines the size and distribution of benefits from the use of transgenic tobacco as a production vehicle for pharmaceutical proteins. Ex-ante welfare benefits are estimated for the introduction of two biotech innovations. In both cases economic surplus model with imperfect competition is employed to assess the size and distribution of benefits from these alternative uses of tobacco. An introductory chapter presents an overview of the topic followed by chapters 2 and 3 which contain the two case studies.
The first paper (chapter 2) examines the case of Human Serum Albumin production from transgenic tobacco. The second paper (chapter 3) examines the case of Glucocerebrosidase Enzyme from transgenic tobacco. Results demonstrate that new products from bio-pharming applications stand to generate significant social benefits. The introduction of Human Serum Albumin generates average annual gains of $46 million and the introduction of Glucocerebrosidase Enzyme generates average annual gains of $500 to $600 million.Master of Science
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Eanes, Ryan. "Self-Monitoring and Perceptions of Situational Privacy as Potential Moderators of Smartphone Uses and Gratifications: An Experimental Investigation." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19341.
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Smartphones continue to grow increasingly ubiquitous for a variety of reasons. This study employed an online survey experiment in order to determine whether perceptions of environmental/locational privacy or individual levels of self-monitoring have any effect on smartphone uses and gratifications. While perceptions of locational privacy did indeed have a modest effect on smartphone gratifications sought, self-monitoring did not, and no interactions were detected between locational privacy and self-monitoring. Implications for these findings as well as avenues for future research are discussed.
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Fresenko, Victoria L. "Social media integration into state-operated fusion centers and local law enforcement : potential uses and challenges." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4996.
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CHDS State/LocalApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
The push by the Obama administration for a more transparent, citizen-centric government has created a new way of thinking among federal, state, and local governments: citizen participation has become a mainstay of newly written policies across the country. The adoption of Web 2.0 technologies, particularly social media, within fusion centers and local law enforcement entities could enable a more expedient exchange of information among fusion centers, law enforcement, and the public. The ability to collect and disseminate information on a real-time basis via fusion centers and law enforcement is key to the overall success of the homeland security mission; it is impossible for the federal government to have sole responsibility for safeguarding the homeland from the confines of Washington, D.C. Because fusion centers and law enforcement agencies are state and local entities, they have the capability to obtain information at a grassroots level and have the advantage of knowing the local environment, including potential targets and vulnerabilities. Social media, if leveraged appropriately, could enhance communication among fusion centers, law enforcement, and private citizens to better detect and deter terrorism. This research explores potential benefits and implementation challenges of integrating social media into fusion center and local law enforcement frameworks.
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Olaoye, Olusegun Ayodele. "Potential uses of lactic acid bacteria as biopreservatives in the preservation of Tsire, a Nigerian stick meat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588082.
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Research efforts on the control of spoilage and pathogenic organisms in meat products have attracted intensive attention worldwide in the past decades. Tsire is a spiced Nigerian meat product tradionally produced by grilling over an open charcoal fire. The spices added to the meat are principal sources of contamination, coupled with the unhygienic method of preparation by the handlers. At the end of the day of production, producers don't usually exhaust their sales leading to leftovers of the tsire product. Due to poor storage facilities, these leftovers are not properly kept thereby increasing further risk of contamination. Therefore, in the present study, the potential of selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were evaluated as protective cultures to control spoilage / pathogenic organisms in the meat product. One hundred and thirty eight strains of LAB were isolated from Nigerian beef, phenotypically characterised and identified. Ten strains, presumptively identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus (six isolates), Pediococcus acidilactici (two isolates), and Lactococcus lactis (two isolates), were selected based on their higher production of lactic acid during preliminary tests, and subjected to further characterisation using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). From among the ten LAB isolates, five strains" which showed differences in their PFGE fingerprints, were identified by 16S rDNA-V3 sequencing as Pediococcus pentosaceus (3 isolates) and Ped. acidilactici (two isolates). Identification of the LAB strains by 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated confirmation of their presumptive identities obtained by phenotypic methods, with the exception of one strain of Ped. acidilactici that was phenotypically identified as Lactococcus lactis. Assessment of the isolates' abilities to produce a number of antimicrobial agents was measured and these were evaluated against a range of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria typical of meat. Strains of Ped. pentosaceus showed higher production of lactic, acetic, diacetyl and hydrogen peroxide, compared to those of Ped. acidilactici. While there was no evidence of bacteriocin production among the five Pediococcus strains identified from Nigerian beef, two type culture strains Lc. lactis NCIMB 8586 and Ped. acidilactici NCIMB 700993, were shown to produce nisin and pediocin respectively in vitro; the genes encoding their production were also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This was the first report of pediocin production by the NCIMB strain as a result of this study (Olaoye and Dodd, 2010). Among the LAB strains, only the bacteriocin producing Le. lactis and Ped. acidilactici strains demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Bro. thermosphacta and Lis. monocytogenes respectively, after neutralisation of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide from the growth media. Tsire samples which were inoculated with selected LAB cultures and stored at 30°C, to mImIC ambient storage in Nigeria, demonstrated reduction in the levels of enterobacteriaceae, yeast & moulds, Staphylococcus spp., and total bacteria counts. In challenge experiments, Bro. thermosphacta and Lis. monocytogenes were also observed to be controlled in situ in the meat samples by the respective bacteriocin producing Le. lactis and Ped. acidilactici strains. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, many volatile compounds were identified in the tsire during storage. The overall results indicated that significant effects were exerted by the selected Pediococcus cultures; there was reduction in the production of undesirable volatile compounds in the inoculated samples, compared to the control, during storage of the meat product at ambient temperature. Anti-oxidative activities by the LAB cultures were also noticeable, following reduction in compounds whose production has been linked with the process of oxidation which could lead to flavour deterioration. Such compounds include ethylbenzene, hexanal, heptanal and nonanal, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone and 2-butanone, and have been reported as associated with spoilage of meat. This becomes very significant in this study as the anti-oxidation properties of the Pediococcus strains could reduce rancidity in the meat product. In conclusion, the strains Ped. acidilactici NCIMB 700993 and Le. lactis NCIMB 8586 were shown to have good potential as protective cultures in the biopreservation of tsire. These cultures could also be used in combination with Ped. pentosaceus strain HI0l due to its ability to produce a comparatively higher concentration of diacetyl than other LAB strains isolated in this study. However, further studies are required in the evaluation of nutritional and biochemical qualities of the product during storage which may be influenced by the cultures. Even though LAB are generally regarded as safe, it would also be important to ascertain the safety of the culture processed meat products.
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Matsumoto, Shigemi. "A data capture system for outcomes studies that integrates with electronic health records: development and potential uses." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124340.
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Johnson, Leah Marie. "Hungry for More? An Analysis of Bon Appétit’s Digital Brand Extension Strategies and their Potential Uses and Gratifications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78214.
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This thesis examines one magazine's transition from print to digital media in order to shine a spotlight on one successful magazine brand and its attempts to navigate the digital revolution while also maintaining a successful magazine. Through a systematic descriptive analysis of communication strategies, a case analysis of Bon Appétit magazine is the focus of this thesis. Guided by the uses and gratifications theoretical perspective and informed by a systematic descriptive analysis, this thesis offers a rich examination of the Bon Appétit magazine brand and the ways the brand has been extended in the evolving digital media environment. The unique approach implemented in this thesis provides the opportunity to observe uses and gratifications from the organization's standpoint, instead of the consumer's. This unique approach was designed to reveal how Bon Appétit is attempting to fulfill consumer needs and gratifications through the digital media brand extensions, specifically its website, social media, and podcast. Analysis of Bon Appétit brand extensions indicate that six of Parham Santana's ten brand extension strategies are being implemented by Bon Appétit, including shift the form, transfer a component, transfer a benefit, leverage a special expertise, leverage your consumer base, and leverage a lifestyle. Another significant finding indicates that Bon Appétit implemented communication strategies centered on accessibility and convenience, surveillance, diversion, and interaction gratifications on its digital media platforms. Findings from this study suggest that future researchers would benefit from adding convenience and accessibility as gratifications considered in the uses and gratifications theoretical approach when researching digital media. Additionally, replication of the systematic method in this thesis, especially if applied to other magazine brands, could help reveal the types of brand extensions at play in digital platforms and whether other magazines use similar strategies to build and maintain relationships with consumers.Master of Arts
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Nordqvist, Adam. "LÄRANDEPOTENTIAL & HISTORIEBRUK I DATORSPEL : En kvalitativ analys av Crusader Kings 2 möjligheter för lärande och historia ämnet." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33324.
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Denna studie undersöker hur ett videospel som heter Crusader Kings 2 använder historia. Studien kommer också att titta på den potential videospel kan ge som pedagogiskt verktyg för lärande. Detta har analyserats i nära relation till den svenska läroplanen för ämnet historia på gymnasiet. För att upptäcka hur detta spel använder historia har spelet bryts ner i sina spelmekanismer, genre och faktorer och analyserats med hjälp av Klas-Göran Karlsson teori om de olika historiebruken för historia. För att hitta och analysera potentialen för lärande i spelet som har valts för denna studie har Young m fl teori om videospel och dess potential använts i nära relation till tidigare forskning, samt läroplanen för att analysera spelet. Denna teori om denna potential har baserats på artiklar och studier om videospels potential för lärande efter K-12 läroplanen. Resultatet är att Crusader Kings 2 potential för lärande i historia ämnet är mycket relevant till läroplanen och visar sig vara ett sätt uppfylla vad som förväntas av målen i ämnet. Det visade sig att spelet identifierades med hjälp av användningen av historia på många nivåer med hjälp av Karlssons teori om användningen av historia. Här har följande användningar identifierades: Existentiellt, moraliskt, ideologiskt, icke-bruk och kommersiellt bruk.This study looks at the way a video game called Crusader Kings 2 uses history. The study will also look at the potential videogames can bring as pedagogical tool for learning. This have been analyzed in close relation to the Swedish curriculum for the subject history in the upper secondary school. To discover the way this video game uses history the game has been be broken down into its game mechanisms, genre and factors and analyzed using Klas-Göran Karlsson theory about the different uses of history. To find and analyze the potential for learning in the game, that have been chosen for this study Young et als theory about video games and its potential have been used in close relationship to previous research and the curriculum to analyze the game. This theory about this potential have been based on 300+ articles and studies about video games potential for learning following the K-12 curriculum. The result is that Crusader Kings 2 potential for learning in the history subject is very related to the curriculum and shows to provide a way fulfill what is expected to be learned from the goals of the subject. It was shown that the game was identified using the uses of history on many levels using Karlssons theory of the uses of history. Here the following uses was identified: Existentially, moralist, ideologist-none-use and commercial uses.
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Amirkia, V. "Plant extracts and natural products : predictive structural and biodiversity-based analyses of uses, bioactivity, and 'research and development' potential." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1527357/.
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The process of drug discovery and development over the last 30 years has been increasingly shaped by formulaic approaches and natural products – integral to the drug discovery process and widely recognized as the most successful class of drug leads – have significantly been deprioritized by a struggling worldwide pharmaceutical industry. Alkaloids - historically the most important superclass of medically important secondary metabolites - have been used worldwide as a source of remedies to treat a wide variety of illnesses yet, there exists a wide discrepancy between their historical and modern significances. To understand these trends from an insider’s perspective, 52 senior-stakeholders in industry and academia were engaged to provide insights on a series of qualitative and quantitative aspects related to developments in the process of drug discovery from natural products. Stakeholders highlighted the dissonance between the perceived high potential of natural products as drug leads and overall industry and company level strategies. Many industry contacts were highly critical to prevalent company and industry-wide drug discovery strategies indicating a high level of dissatisfaction within the industry. One promising strategy which respondents highlighted was virtual screening which, to a large extent has not been explored in natural products research strategies. Furthermore, the physicochemical features of 27,783 alkaloids from the Dictionary of Natural Products were cross-referenced to pharmacologically significant and other metrics from various databases including the European Bioinformatics Institute’s ChEMBL and Global Biodiversity Information Facility’s GBIF biodiversity data. The combined dataset revealed that a compound's likelihood of medicinal use can be linked to its host species’ abundance and was input into target-independent machine learning algorithms to predict likelihood of pharmaceutical use. The neural network model demonstrated an accuracy of >57% for all pharmaceutical alkaloids and 98% of all alkaloids. This study is the first to incorporate the biodiversity of host organisms in a machine learning scheme characterizing druglikeness and thus demonstrates the link between host species’ abundance and druglikeness. These findings yield new insights into cost-effective, real-world indicators of drug development potential across the diverse field of natural products.
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Andrade, Johnson Maria Dulce Silva. "Potential of One-to-One Technology Uses and Pedagogical Practices| Student Agency and Participation in an Economically Disadvantaged Eighth Grade." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10619370.
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The accelerated growth of 1:1 educational computing initiatives has challenged digital equity with a three-tiered, socioeconomic digital divide: (a) access, (b) higher order uses, and (c) user empowerment and personalization. As the access gap has been closing, the exponential increase of 1:1 devices threatens to widen the second and third digital divides. Using critical theory, specifically, critical theory of technology and critical pedagogy, and a qualitative case study design, this research explored the experiences of a middle school categorized under California criteria as “socioeconomically disadvantaged”. This study contributes to critical theory on technology within an educational setting, as well as provides voice to the experiences of teachers and students with economic disadvantages experiencing the phenomena of 1:1 computing.
Using observational, interview, and school document data, this study asked the question: To what extent do 1:1 technology integration uses and associated pedagogical practices foster Margins of Maneuver in an eighth grade comprised of a student population that is predominantly economically disadvantaged? Probing two key markers of Margins of Maneuver, student agency and participation, the study found: (a) a technology-enhanced learning culture; (b) a teacher shift to facilitator roles; (c) instances of engaged, experiential, and inquiry learning and higher order technology uses; (d) in-progress efforts to strengthen student voice and self-identity. Accompanying the progress in narrowing economically based digital divides, the data also demonstrated some tension with the knowledge economy. Nevertheless, sufficient margins existed, associated with one-to-one uses and practices, to result in micro-resistances characterized by assertion of student agency and democratization potential.
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Pofu, Kgabo Martha. "Potential uses of indigenous cucumis africanus and cucumis myriocarpus as root-knot nematode-resistant rootstocks in watermelon (citrullus lanatus ) husbandry." Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Turfloop campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/739.
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Thesis (Ph.D. (Plant Protection)) --University of Limpopo, 2012Global withdrawal of synthetic fumigant nematicides like methyl bromide due to their eco-unfriendliness resulted in serious consequences in production of crops which do not have genotypes that are resistant to plant-parasitic nematodes. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one such crop, where infection by highly aggressive root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) invariably results into as high as 50% yield loss, with occasional total crop failures. Initial screening for nematode resistance in Cucumis species indigenous to South Africa suggested the possibility of the existence of nematode resistance, with the probability of these species being compatible with Citrullus species in inter-generic grafting technology. Uses of indigenous genera in Cucurbitaceae family as nematode-resistant seedling rootstocks in watermelon production could promote the South African watermelon industry as outlined in ISO 9001 certification guidelines to have competitive advantage in lucrative watermelon export markets. The objectives of this study were to determine the: (1) host-status and host-sensitivity of C. africanus and C. myriocarpus seedlings using a series of inoculation levels of M. incognita race 2 under various conditions, (2) host-status and host-sensitivity of C. africanus and C. myriocarpus seedlings using a series of inoculation levels of M. incognita race 4 and M. javanica, including the resistance form in these plant species, at least, under selected environmental conditions, (3) host-status and host-sensitivity of C. africanus and C. myriocarpus seedlings using a series of inoculation levels of M. incognita race 2 with multi-nematode xxviii infestations in order to establish whether the observed nematode resistance was sustainable when the plant was attacked by various pests at the root system level, (4) compatibility of inter-generic grafting of Citrullus and Cucumis seedlings in order to establish the potential uses of Cucumis species in olericulture, and (5) influence of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurode vaporariorum) infection on resistance of C. africanus to Meloidogyne species in order to establish whether the observed nematode resistance was sustainable when the plant was attacked by pests on complimentary organs. Reliability of measured variables was ensured by using statistical levels of significance (P ≤ 0.05) and coefficient of determination (R2), with validity being ensured by conducting experiments at the same location over two seasons or conducting one experiment during one season at two different locations, viz. the University of Limpopo and the Agricultural Research Council – Institute for Industrial Crops, and/or by setting up factorial treatments. Results consistently demonstrated that C. africanus and C. myriocarpus were non-hosts to M. incognita races 2 and 4 and M. javanica, without the test nematodes inflicting any damage to plants, which in plant-parasitic nematodes is described as nematode resistance. Quadratic relationships between RF values and log10(Pi + 1) transformations, in addition to confirming the density-dependent growth patterns of plant-parasitic nematodes, also suggested that chemical compounds responsible for suppression of nematodes in the two Cucumis species were different. The two Cucumis species were resistant to M. incognita races 2 and 4 and M. javanica, regardless of the environment under which the experiments were conducted. In field studies, the xxix two Cucumis species supported the ring nematodes (Criconema mutabile) and the spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus dihystera), without these exo-parasitic nematodes inflicting any damage to plants, which in plant-parasitic nematodes is described as tolerance. Interactions among Meloidogyne species, C. mutabile and H. dihystera were either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on whether Meloidogyne species were in the soil or inside the roots. Mechanisms of nematode resistance in the two Cucumis species were different, with C. africanus and C. myriocarpus depicting pre-infectional and post-infectional forms of resistance, respectively, without any sign of hypersensitivity in roots. When, seeds of Citrullus species were primed in water to hasten germination. Using the developed technology, survival of grafts improved from 36% to 100%, translating to relative improvement of 178%, with nematode-resistant rootstocks retaining their nematode resistant capabilities, while watermelon scions flowered earlier, with relatively higher fruit yield, without any deleterious effect on accumulation abilities of essential nutrient elements in leaves. Resistance of C. africanus to M. javanica was invariably broken by the greenhouse whitefly infection at high population levels, possibly through loss of non-structural carbohydrates, which are essential in synthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. Cucumis africanus and C. myriocarpus contain cucurbitacin B (C32H48O8) and cucurbitacin A [cucumin (C27H40O9), leptodermin (C27H38O8)], respectively, which have high demand for carbon and energy. Consequently, the efficacy of indigenous Cucumis species as nematode-resistant rootstocks in suppression of Meloidogyne species would be dependent upon the management of the xxx greenhouse whitefly population densities. In conclusion, C. africanus and C. myriocarpus have the potential for use as nematode-resistant rootstocks in the production of watermelon cultivars ‘Congo’ and ‘Charleston Gray’ in South Africa, where nematode population densities of M. incognita races 2 and 4 and M. javanica are widely distributed and are highly injurious to watermelons. Although nematode resistance in the two Cucumis species had attributes of sustainability, populations of the greenhouse whitefly broke the resistance. Proposed future research areas included influence of cucurbitacins in fruit quality of watermelons and protocols for mass culturing the nematode-resistant Cucumis rootstocks using tissue culture technology.
the National Research Foundation,the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and the Landbank Chair of Agriculture-University of Limpopo
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Shahani, Sahib. "A study of functional markers in raw and processed bovine sperm and their potential uses for fertility prediction and process refinement." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8753/.
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The extensive assessment of bull’s reproductive potential prior to breeding is highly important and includes examination of general physical soundness, external and internal genitalia and semen quality. Breeding success depends on the efficient use of bulls with high breeding value but simultaneously semen quality imposes restrictions on the use of these bulls in AI. Several techniques have been devised to assess quality of either fresh or frozen-thawed semen. Among a variety of traditional parameters sperm concentration, sperm raw and post-thaw motility and sperm morphology are commonly used for routine semen assessment in the laboratory. In this study, we investigated differences in sperm metabolic activity relative to their motility that may reflect better the fertility of bulls from their non-return rates (NRRs). To investigate the relationship between mid-piece length and fertility of bovine spermatozoa, sperm biometry was performed on ejaculates obtained from 34 bulls representing six breeds: Holstein (yearlings and mature), Friesian, Belgian Blue, Aberdeen Angus, Charolais and Limousin. Significant differences (P<0.01) between ejaculates were found in 9/34 bulls, as well as differences (P<0.001) between individual bulls within the same breed. The average mid-piece length for Aberdeen Angus was 13.35μm, for Belgian Blues and Limousin around 13.8μm, and for Charolais 13.68μm: for dairy breeds (Holstein and Friesian) it was about 13.4μm. The mean value of mid-piece length for breed was compared with their 49 day non-return rate; a negative correlation was found in the dairy breeds, while in bulls from beef breeds this correlation was positive but very low: the small numbers of bulls involved prevented meaningful statistical relationships being established. To differentiate live and dead sperm and non-sperm-specific particles, a flow cytometry method was developed by labelling sperm with JC-1 and propidium iodide (PI) dyes and to determine maximum mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at minimum incubation. This method entailed setting regional and logical gates to exclude dead sperm and other non-cellular components from live sperm present within an ejaculate. It was confirmed that spermatozoa of both fresh and frozen-thawed semen exhibited maximum high:low ΔΨm ratio after 40 min incubation. Flow cytometric dot plots of analyses of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa incubated with JC-1 could identify a unified sperm population of membrane-intact cells, each population characterised by both low and high ΔΨm but to varying degrees suggesting that this flow cytometric method simplifies the determination of mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1. This method serves two purposes: using this method, one could able to evaluate sperm ΔΨm as well as the proportion of live:dead. Changes in mitochondrial structure and integrity appear to be an important component associated with sperm motility and reduced fertility. The ΔΨm was assessed using JC-1 and PI in the presence of glycolytic and respiratory inhibitors. Mean high ΔΨm was significantly greater for control compared to the treatments in fresh and frozen-thawed semen. In samples treated with valinomycin (VAL) and iodoacetamide (IAM) ΔΨm was lowered significantly. The proportion of sperm with a high ratio of high:low ΔΨm was higher in control and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DOG) treated samples representing more active mitochondria: in samples treated with VAL and IAM the ratio was reduced, representing loss in activity of mitochondria. Cryopreservation significantly decreases high:low ΔΨm ratio in control suggesting that lower mitochondrial activity may be associated with oxidative stress produced by reduced antioxidant levels due to the freeze/thaw cycle. The relationship between ZO2 (µl oxygen consumed /108 spermatozoa/hr) and mitochondrial function was assessed in fresh and frozen-thawed semen. Sperm oxygen consumption was greater in fresh compared to frozen-thawed semen. Insignificant positive correlations existed between ZO2 and ratio of high:low ΔΨm in fresh (r=0.82) and frozen-thawed (r= 0.49) semen suggesting that the ΔΨm measured in this way by flow cytometry can be used as an indicator of ZO2. Finally, the metabolic pathways by which spermatozoa produce energy to support their motility were investigated in fresh and frozen-thawed semen diluted in media containing glycolytic and respiratory inhibitors. Total and progressive motilities were not significantly different in sperm incubated with DOG and VAL but decreased significantly with IAM compared to control. This indicates that sperm can maintain a similar degree of motility when generating their energy exclusively from either glycolysis or mitochondrial activity. IAM significantly lowered sperm motility as well as mitochondrial activity (as described above) and was found to be an inhibitor of both glycolysis and respiration possibly linked with either modification of mitochondrial cysteine and/or glutathione levels. Sperm are considered in a state of hyperactivation/capacitation when their amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) increases and path straightness (STR) and linearity (LIN) decrease. In the present study higher ALH and lower STR and LIN were observed when spermatozoa were dependent on mitochondrial energy (DOG), whereas these estimates were reversed when they were on glycolytic energy (VAL) indicating that sperm hyperactivation and capacitation are associated with mitochondrial function. There was a positive correlation of sperm progressive motility, ZO2 and high:low ΔΨm ratio with bull NNRs suggesting that these sperm characteristics may be useful for predicting bull fertility. Furthermore sperm mid-piece length was significantly correlated with sperm average curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement. Since the mitochondria are localized on the sperm mid-piece, it is likely that its energy may contribute in high sperm velocity and also hyperactivation that helps sperm disengagement from oviduct epithelium and positioning at the site of fertilization.
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Davis, Tim A., Wayne A. Mackay, and Sankhla Narendra. "Distribution, Biology, and Potential Horticultural Uses of Big Bend Bluebonnet (Lupinus havardii Wats.) - A Showy Winter Annual from the Chihuahuan Desert." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554318.
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Lupinus havardii is a winter annual native to a rather narrow geographical range in the Big Bend region of southwestern Texas. Plant populations and morphology vary greatly depending upon rainfall. Flowers are showy and generally violet-blue in color, although pink and white flowers are occasionally found in the plant's native range. This paper summarizes our observations regarding the distribution, biology, and potential horticultural uses of this desert legume.
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Ioppolo, Antonino. "Valorization of Citrus spp. Cultivars cultivated in Sicily for the industrial use of citrus derivatives and in particular for potential alternative uses of essential oils for the enhancement of the island's citrus production." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/159385.
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[ES] En esta tesis doctoral se discuten una serie de cuestiones científicas relacionadas con a la producción y el procesamiento de algunas especies de cítricos de especial relevancia en Sicilia y en el área mediterránea. Los objetivos se centran en estudiar la trazabilidad y sostenibilidad de la producción de algunas especies de cítricos, así como encontrar nuevas aplicaciones a los subproductos y productos de desecho de la industria, con el fin de mejorar su rentabilidad. Por lo tanto, los temas que se desarrollarán serán los siguientes: caracterización de los compuestos bioactivos presentes en aceites esenciales y en el hidrolato de diferentes especies de cítricos; seguimiento del efecto del estrés hídrico controlado sobre la producción de aceites esenciales en hojas y flores del cv. Sanguinelli de Citrus sinensis y del cv. Clemenules de Citrus reticulata; estudio de los efectos fitotóxicos de los aceites esenciales en cuatro especies arvenses importantes en el área mediterránea, dos monocotiledóneas (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. y Avena fatua L.) y dos dicotiledóneas (Amaranthus retroflexus L. y Portulaca oleracea L.) mediante experimentos in vitro e in vivo; estudio del efecto bioestimulantes de las aguas residuales de la industria procesadora de cítricos sobre la comunidad microbiana del suelo; cuantificación de elementos de tierras raras en frutos de limón cultivados en diferentes áreas geográficas, para su posible uso como trazador geoquímico. Los principales resultados obtenidos son la caracterización de diferentes aceites esenciales, de los cuales los producidos por los residuos de la poda podrían ser utilizados como método de extracción de nuevos aceites esenciales con alto rendimiento. También se han encontrado sustancias nutracéuticas y farmacológicas en los hidrolatos industriales de naranja. Por otra parte, el aceite esencial industrial de limón mostró un buen potencial como agente herbicida, siendo, por tanto, de gran interés en la fabricación de herbicidas de origen natural, biodegradables y ecológicos. La aplicación del estrés hídrico controlado después del reposo invernal y, por tanto, en el momento de la brotación incrementó el diámetro final del fruto. La respuesta en el árbol no fue inmediata. La aplicación de hidrolatos de limón, naranja y mandarina al suelo junto al agua de riego, potenció los depósitos de C contribuyendo a aumentar la biomasa y mejoró la actividad microbiana. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto el papel que los hidrolatos pueden desempeñar en la agricultura sostenible mejorando la fertilidad del suelo. Finalmente, el modelo de elementos de tierras raras podría utilizarse como una herramienta de conexión entre la producción de limón y el suelo del que proviene, contribuyendo, de esta manera, a su caracterización geográfica. En resumen, los resultados obtenidos en esta tesis contribuyen a impulsar el sector cítrico siciliano ya que: proporcionan medios para una agricultura sostenible; aumentan el valor de los subproductos y residuos de la industria; proponen aplicaciones para que el ciclo de producción y transformación sea más rentable y revalorizan los limones sicilianos vinculándolos a su zona de producción.[CA] En esta tesi doctoral es discutixen una sèrie de qüestions científiques relacionades amb la producció i el processament d'algunes espècies de cítrics d'especial rellevància a Sicília i a l'àrea mediterrània. Els objectius, acordats prèviament amb la indústria de cítrics "EuroFood" i finançats pel projecte d'investigació "PON Industrial Ph.D. - a.a. 2016/2017", es centren en estudiar la traçabilitat i sostenibilitat de la producció d'algunes espècies de cítrics, així com de trobar noves aplicacions als subproductes i productes de rebuig de la indústria, amb el fi de millorar la seua rentabilitat. Per tant, els temes que es desenvoluparan seran els següents: caracterització dels compostos bioactius presents en els olis essencials i en el l'hidrolato de diferents espècies de cítrics; seguiment de l'efecte de l'estrés hídric controlat en la producció d'olis essencials en fulles i flors del cv. Sanguinelli de Citrus sinensis i del cv. Clemenules de Citrus reticulata; estudi dels efectes fitotòxicos dels olis essencials de cítrics en quatre espècies arvenses importants en l'àrea mediterrània, dos monocotiledònies (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. i Avena fàtua L.) i dos dicotiledònies (Amaranthus retroflexus L. i Portulaca oleracea L.) per mitjà de diferents experiments in vitro i in vivo; estudi de l'efecte bioestimulant de les aigües residuals de la indústria processadora de cítrics sobre la comunitat microbiana del sòl; quantificació d'elements de terres rares en fruits de llima cultivats en diferents àrees geogràfiques, per al seu possible ús com a traçador geoquímic. Els principals resultats obtinguts són la caracterització de diferents olis essencials, dels quals els produïts pels residus de la poda podrien ser utilitzats com a mètode d'extracció de nous olis essencials amb alt rendiment. També s'han trobat substàncies nutracéutiques i farmacològiques en els hidrolats industrials de taronja. D'altra banda, l'oli essencial industrial de llima va mostrar un bon potencial com a agent herbicida, sent, per tant, de gran interés en la fabricació d'herbicides d'origen natural, biodegradables i ecològics. L'aplicació de l'estrés hídric controlat després del repòs hivernal i, per tant, en el moment de la brotació va incrementar el diàmetre final del fruit. La resposta en l'arbre no va ser immediata. L'aplicació de hidrolats de llima, taronja i mandarina al sòl amb l'aigua de reg, va augmentar els depòsits de carbó (C) contribuint a augmentar la biomassa i va millorar l'activitat microbiana. Aquests resultats posen de manifest el paper dels hidrolats en l'agricultura sostenible millorant, d'aquesta manera, la fertilitat del sòl. Finalment, el model d'elements de terres rares podria utilitzar-se com una ferramenta d'enllaç entre la producció de llima i el sòl del què prové, contribuint, d'esta manera, a la seua caracterització geogràfica. En resum, els resultats obtinguts en esta tesi doctoral contribueixen a impulsar el sector cítric sicilià ja que: - proporcionen mitjans per a una agricultura sostenible; - augmenten el valor dels subproductes i residus de la indústria; - proposen aplicacions perquè el cicle de producció i transformació siga de més rendabilitat; - revaloritzen les llimes d'origen sicilià vinculant-les a la seua zona de producció.
[EN] In this doctoral thesis are discussed a series of scientific issues regarding citrus fruits production and processing, species of particular relevance in Sicily and in the Mediterranean area. Objectives and research activities addressed in this thesis were agreed with the citrus industry "EuroFood" and financed by the research project "PON industrial Ph.D. - a.a. 2016/2017". The research project was targeted to study the traceability and sustainability of citrus production, and to find new applications to the by-products and waste products of citrus industry with the objective of appreciate and enhance the Sicilian citrus industry. The following topics are addressed and developed in this thesis: - Characterization of the bioactive compounds present in essential oils (EOs) and in the hydrolate of different citrus species. - Monitoring of the effect of controlled water stress on the production of EOs in leaves and flowers of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. 'Sanguinelli' and Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. 'Clemenules'; -Test the phytotoxic effects of citrus EOs on four important weed species in the Mediterranean area, two monocotyledon (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. and Avena fatua L.) and two dicotyledon (Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Portulaca oleraceaL.) by different experiments in vitro and in greenhouse conditions; -Evaluation of the effect as natural biostimulants of wastewaters from citrus processing industry by its application on soil microbial community; -Quantification of rare earth elements in lemon fruits from different geographical areas for its possible use as geochemical tracers applied to lemon production. Different Citrus EOs have been characterized in this study and it has been verified that the oils produced by the pruning waste could be used for the extraction of EOs with high yields. In addition, nutraceutical and pharmacological substances have been found in the orange industrial hydrolates. Industrial lemon EO showed good potential when testing its herbicidal activity. Lemon EO represents a good basis for the development of herbicides of natural origin, biodegradable and eco-friendly. Thanks to the application of water stress after the winter vegetative restart, a conclusion found was that water stress increased the diameter of the fruit and it was observed that the effects of stress were not immediate on citrus trees, but were evident after some time. The study of the application of lemon, orange and mandarin hydrolates in the soil, as irrigation water provided the effects on stable and labile soil C pools, on biomass and microbial activity and on main microbial groups. Overall, hydrolates can play a role in sustainable agriculture because when added to a soil, they improve soil quality and fertility. The Rare Earth Element model could be used as a tool to connect lemon production to the soil where they were produced, for a possible geographical characterization and a direct link between the production and the territory or soil. The results obtained were very interesting because: - they provided the means for sustainable agriculture; - they increased the value of the by-products and waste products of the citrus industry; - they proposed applications for the citrus production and transformation cycle being more sustainable; - they could valorize the Sicilian lemons by linking them to their production area. These results could have practical repercussions in the production cycle of citrus fruits and give a boost to the Sicilian citrus fruit sector.
Objectives and research activities addressed in this thesis were agreed with the citrus industry "EuroFood" and financed by the research project PON industrial Ph.D. - a.a. 2016/2017
Ioppolo, A. (2020). Valorization of Citrus spp. Cultivars cultivated in Sicily for the industrial use of citrus derivatives and in particular for potential alternative uses of essential oils for the enhancement of the island's citrus production [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/159385
TESIS
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IOPPOLO, Antonino. "Valorization of Citrus spp. Cultivars cultivated in Sicily for the industrial use of citrus derivatives and in particular for potential alternative uses of essential oils for the enhancement of the island's citrus production." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/433346.
Full textAbstract:
In this doctoral thesis are discussed a series of scientific issues regarding citrus fruits production and processing, species of particular relevance in Sicily and in the Mediterranean area.
Objectives and research activities addressed in this thesis were agreed with the citrus industry "EuroFood" and financed by the research project "PON industrial Ph.D. - a.a. 2016/2017".
The research project was targeted to study the traceability and sustainability of citrus production, and to find new applications to the by-products and waste products of citrus industry with the objective of appreciate and enhance the Sicilian citrus industry.
The following topics are addressed and developed in this thesis:
- Characterization of the bioactive compounds present in essential oils (EOs) and in the hydrolate of different citrus species.
- Monitoring of the effect of controlled water stress on the production of EOs in leaves and flowers of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. ‘Sanguinelli’ and Citrus × clementina cv. ‘Clemenules’;
-Test the phytotoxic effects of citrus EOs on four important weed species in the Mediterranean area, two monocotyledon (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. and Avena fatua L.) and two dicotyledon (Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Portulaca oleracea L.) by different experiments in vitro and in greenhouse conditions;
-Evaluation of the effect as natural biostimulants of wastewaters from citrus processing industry by its application on soil microbial community;
-Quantification of rare earth elements in lemon fruits from different geographical areas for its possible use as geochemical tracers applied to lemon production.
Different Citrus EOs have been characterized in this study and it has been verified that the oils produced by the pruning waste could be used for the extraction of EOs with high yields. In addition, nutraceutical and pharmacological substances have been found in the orange industrial hydrolates.
II
Industrial lemon EO showed good potential when testing its herbicidal activity. Lemon EO represents a good basis for the development of herbicides of natural origin, biodegradable and eco-friendly.
Thanks to the application of water stress after the winter vegetative restart, a conclusion found was that water stress increased the diameter of the fruit and it was observed that the effects of stress were not immediate on citrus trees, but were evident after some time.
The study of the application of lemon, orange and mandarin hydrolates in the soil, as irrigation water provided the effects on stable and labile soil C pools, on biomass and microbial activity and on main microbial groups. Overall, hydrolates can play a role in sustainable agriculture because when added to a soil, they improve soil quality and fertility.
The Rare Earth Element model could be used as a tool to connect lemon production to the soil where they were produced, for a possible geographical characterization and a direct link between the production and the territory or soil.
The results obtained were very interesting because:
- they provided the means for sustainable agriculture;
- they increased the value of the by-products and waste products of the citrus industry;
- they proposed applications for the citrus production and transformation cycle being more sustainable;
- they could valorize the Sicilian lemons by linking them to their production area.
These results could have practical repercussions in the production cycle of citrus fruits and give a boost to the Sicilian citrus fruit sector.
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Li, Bin. "Who Use Mobile Payments: Fintech Potential in Users and Non-users." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555410258173169.
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Boone, Kevin Graham. "The possible use of applied potential tomography for imaging action potentials in the brain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317945/.
Full textAbstract:
There are already excellent techniques for imaging the anatomy of the human brain, and changes in its functional state over seconds. Furthermore, the function of the individual neuron has been studied at time resolutions of less than a millisecond. There is, at present, no technique which combines this fine time resolution with tomographic imaging, although this may be essential if we are ever to understand the processing of information by the brain. The work described in this thesis used mathematical models and in-vivo measurement to investigate whether applied potential tomography (APT), a recently-developed imaging technique, may be used for imaging neuronal depolarisation in the brain. Two factors suggest that APT may be suitable: first, it can acquire data sets at the required rate; second, there is known to be a decrease in the resistance of neuronal membranes, perhaps by up to a factor of 40, when they depolarise. The practicality of APT depends on whether there is corresponding measurable change in the macroscopic impedance of brain tissue. A mathematical model was used to estimate the magnitude and frequency-dependence of brain impedance changes in two tissues: crustacean peripheral nerve and mammalian cortex. The model predicted that at 30 kHz, a typical working frequency for APT, the resistivity change would be 600 times smaller than at DC, for which the predictions were 3.70/0 for nerve and 0.01% for cortex. Measurements of DC resistivity change during depolarisation of crab nerve (0.2% ~ 2.5%), and afferent stimulation of rabbit cortex (0.01%), were in good agreement with the predicted resistivity changes. Finite element modeling of the head suggested that, with a cosine excitation pattern, the scalp voltage changes would be about 0.001%. Suggestions are given for improving the data collection process to make measurements of these small DC voltage changes more tractable.
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Norman, Jonathan. "Industrial energy use and improvement potential." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577741.
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This thesis aims to examine energy demand within UK industry and assess the improvement potential available through efficiency measures. The techniques employed throughout the work have been mainly engineering based, drawing on thermodynamics. Alongside this approach, an assessment of drivers and barriers to the technical potential was undertaken. Data availability was a key challenge in the current work. The variety in energy uses meant the use of publically available datasets was limited. A database was constructed utilising site level emissions data, and employed a subsector disaggregation that facilitated energy analysis. The database was used for an analysis of waste heat recovery options. Opportunities were identified in low temperature recovery, heat-ta-power technology, and the transport of heat. Each of these options would require further research and support to be fully realised. It was found that splitting the industrial sector into an energy-intensive and non-energy- intensive subsector, where the grouping was based on the drivers to energy efficiency, allowed generalisations to be made regarding future improvement potential. Based on analysis of past trends, it was found that the energy-intensive subsector has limited potential for further efficiency gains through currently used processes. To make significant improvements radical changes in current processes will be required. A study of the energy-intensive Cement subsector concurred with these findings. Future efficiency improvements in this subsector are likely limited without a shift to alternative cement production. The non-energy-intensive subsector was thought to have relatively greater improvement potential through existing processes. The analysis of these processes is limited by lack of data however. An analysis of the non-energy-intensive Food and drink subsector therefore focussed on improvements in supplying low temperature heat, rather than the efficiency of specific processes. Opportunities through improving steam systems, increasing combined heat-and-power use, and the adoption of heat pumps were found to offer similar improvement potentials.
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Magowan, T. J. "A mechanisation study of systems for the use of straw." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378324.
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Eduards, Rasmus. "Current and Potential Use of Linked Geodata." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210784.
Full textAbstract:
As of Today (2017) Geographic Information (GI) is a vital part of our daily life. With different applications like Google Maps it is hard to not get in contact with these platforms. Applications like Google are becoming more than just maps for us to find our way in the real world, they contain important data. As of now some of these datasets are kept by authorities and institutes with no connection to each other. One way to link this information to each other is by using Linked Data and more specifically when it comes to GI, Linked Geodata. By linking data together, information becomes connected, which can help the structure of Open Data and other data collaborates. It also enables ways to query the data to for example in search engines. This Bachelor of Science thesis has been conducted at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in cooperation with Digpro AB. This thesis purpose is to examine whether the Linked Geodata is something to invest in. This was done by investigating current use to understand how Linked Geodata is implemented, as well to describe challenges and possibilities in respect to Linked Geodata. This is done by literature review and through interviews with personnel working with implementation of Linked Geodata. The result showed some implementations in the Netherlands and in Finland, also a private initiative from the University of Leipzig called LinkedGeoData. In Sweden authorities had explored the topic of Linked Geodata without any actual attempts to implement it. The biggest challenges was that queries did not supported all kind of spatial data, maintain the Linked Geodata consistent and find a way to fund the workload. The biggest possibilities were to create cooperation between authorities, integration and discoverability of data in search engines and to improve the environment for publishing open data, which could lead to an improved social and economic situation. After evaluation this thesis concludes that there is a lot of potential use for Linked Geodata. The most considerable possible use is for authorities with a larger amount of geodata especially regarding their publishing of Open Data and integrating their data to search engines to provide more advanced queries. The technology seems to have some problems, mainly the lack of support for spatial data and also problems with maintaining the connections. However the problems are not too severe in order to not invest in the technology. The technology just needs some improvements and more initiatives.Idag (2017) är Geografisk Information (GI) en viktigt del av vårt dagliga liv. Med olika applikationer som Google Maps så är det svårt att inte komma i kontakt med sådana plattformar. Dem börjar bli mer än bara kartor för att hitta vart man ska. Idag är informationen i många fall inte knuten till varandra vilket betyder att informationen skulle kunna utnyttjas bättre om det var länkat. Ett sätt att länka sådan information och länka objekt till varandra är med Länkade Data och mer specifikt när det kommer till GI Länkade Geodata. Länkade Data kan sedan användas vid publicering av öppen data, för att berika mängden information. Det kan också användas för att förberedd webben för maskin läsning. Med detta menas att datorer ska kunna läsa av webben. Detta är en Kandidat examensarbete som har varit dirigerat av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, i samarbete med företaget Digpro AB. Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på om Länkade Geodata är något att investera i. Detta var utfört genom att ta reda på hur dagsläget ser ut i olika länder samt hur det är implementerat. Samt beskriva utmaningar och möjligheter med Länkade Geodata. Detta är utfört genom litteraturstudier och intervjuer med behörig personal som antingen arbetar inom Geodata sektorn eller med Länkade Geodata. Resultatet visade några implementationer i Nederländer och Finland samt ett privat initiativ av ett Universitet kallat LinkedGeoData. I Sverige hade institut utvärderat möjligheterna för Länkade Geodata samt kommit fram med riktlinjer, men ingen storskalig implementation har blivit gjord. De störst utmaningarna var hitta tillräckligt med stöd för alla typer av spatial data, underhålla det så kallade Semantiska Molnet samt fördela arbetsbörda och hitta en finansiär. Det största möjligheterna var att kunna skapa en samverkan mellan olika instituts data, integration och upptäckbarhet av information i sökmotorer samt en förbättrad miljö för publicering av öppen data som kan leda till social och ekonomiska förbättringar. Den här uppsatsen drar slutsatsen att det finns stor potential användande för Länkade Geodata. Det störst användningsområdet är för institut med stor mängder geodata speciellt när det kommer till användandet av att publicera Öppen Data och integrera information till sökmotorer för att möjligöra svårare frågeställningar. Tekniken har en del problem t.ex. med att bearbeta spatial data och att den är svår att underhålla. Dock är dessa problem inte graverande nog att stoppa investeringar i den. Tekniken behöver förbättringar och mer initiativ till bearbetning av den.
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Ryan, Holly McLean. "The use of dogs in Minnesota schools current use, support for potential concerns and educator familiarity with potential benefits /." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000ryanm.pdf.
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Sikorska, Małgorzata, and P. G. Pererva. "Ensuring efficient use of the resource potential of the enterprise." Thesis, NTU "KhPI", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/34950.
Full textAbstract:
In the conditions of scientific and technical progress, the growth of capital productivity of fixed assets, which in modern conditions is complicated by rapid change of equipment, and also by an increase in capital investments directed at improving working conditions, is of great importance for the effective use of the resource potential of the enterprise.
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Wilkes, Luanne. "Potential environmental enrichment for zebrafish used in regulatory toxicology." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3456.
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The aim of environmental enrichment is to alter the environment of a captive animal in a way that results in improved mental and physical welfare. The technique has been utilised effectively for many years for captive mammals in a variety of settings. However, until now it has never been considered as a way of improving the welfare of aquatic animals such as fish. Fish that are used in regulatory toxicology studies are at present maintained solely in barren tank environments. Little is known about how these types of environments affect the well-being of the animals residing there and whether they impact either physiological heath or behavioural repertoire. This thesis aims to address this gap in the knowledge regarding the potential for environmental enrichment to improve the welfare of fish used in regulatory toxicology. More specifically it looks at two types of enrichment and the effects of these on the commonly used model species, the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The first type of enrichment studied was glass rod structures of varying heights provided to increase tank complexity and provide refuge. The glass structures did not produce any quantifiable benefits in unstressed fish and appeared to delay the formation of stable social hierarchies. When fish were stressed by a period of chasing, the presence of the glass rods appeared to reduce the magnitude of the cortisol response. Whilst this could be viewed as a potential benefit, it was felt that it would not outweigh the costs of this type of enrichment. The second type of enrichment studied was provision of airstones. Again, no clear evidence was found that fish in tanks with airstones experienced an improvement in welfare. The main observation was the vast increase in mortality in tanks containing these airstones, in particular, those of a smaller size. Regardless of the physiological cause underlying this result, this can only be viewed as a negative consequence and one that appears to rule out airstones as an effective form of enrichment for this species and strain of fish. It was also observed that both stress and the presence of enrichment influenced the absolute deviation from the mean in several endpoints. Since changes in endpoint variation will have effects both on the number of animals required to statistically measure environmentally relevant effects this is a factor that should be considered when researching methods of environmental enrichment. Finally, results from these studies suggest the possibility that laboratory zebrafish do not require the addition of environmental enrichment to tanks in order to promote maximum welfare. Furthermore, as considerable costs would be involved in implementing many types of enrichment (relating to manufacture, cleaning, incompatibility of results with previous studies etc.) it is likely that observed benefits would have to be both substantial and well established in order for changes in regulatory guidelines to take place. For a species such as zebrafish that are extremely easy to breed and maintain in the laboratory with minimal amounts of disease, social problems or mortalities, it may be that current conditions are satisfactory.
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Ryan, Holly McLean. "The use of dogs in California public schools current use, support for potential concerns and educator familiarity with potential benefits /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002ryanh.pdf.
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Madiga, Maphuti Carol. "Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic potential of dicerocaryum species." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/926.
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Mahlawat, Maneesh. "Potential use of managed lanes by Texas residents." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2477.
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Gill, Raj. "Calcitonin targeting in osteoporosis : potential use of liposomes." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286021.
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Moyo, Norbert. "The potential network effects of travellers' responses to travel demand management measures." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274449.
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Potgieter, Brent Vivian. "The extraction of auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials for use in depth of anaesthesia monitoring." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25627.
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Wang, Ning Michael, and 王宁. "The preventive and curative potential of berberine and coptis on humanhepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079637.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary cancer of liver. It is the fifth common malignant tumor in men while seventh common in women. Aetiology of HCC is complex; however, it is now believed that sustained chronic liver injury and fibrosis are critically involved in the development of HCC. Prevention and treatment of HCC is far from desirable and prognosis remains poor. Coptis is a Chinese herbal Medicine which has been used for more than thousands years for clearing heats, dampness and toxics. Recently, studies from our group reported the hepatoprotective effect of Coptis and its major active component, berberine, on acute liver injury and berberine was extensively studied for their anti-tumor effect. However, there’s no comprehensive investigation focusing on the preventive and curative potential of berberine on HCC. Hence, here we hypothesized Coptis and berberine exhibits both preventive and curative effects on HCC. The prevention of HCC by berberine and Coptis may rely on their effects on chronic liver damage and fibrosis, and the curative action may depend on their actions on the angiogenesis, tumor growth and invasion of HCC. Both in vitro cell models and in vivo animal system were used in our study and some molecular events were investigated. We found that berberine and Coptis could significantly attenuate the chronic liver injury and fibrosis by restoring the anti-oxidative enzyme SOD activity in CCl4-, bile duct ligation- and alcohol-induced liver injury and fibrosis model. Recovery of SOD activity prevents the hepatocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting the oxidative stress-induced Erk1/2 signaling activation. The prevention of berberine and Coptis on chronic liver injury and fibrosis may contribute to its preventive effect against HCC. Then we found that berberine (as representative to Coptis) could suppress the angiogenesis of HCC, in which berberine does not directly act on the blood vessel formation, but suppress the expression and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors VEGF in HCC cells, and Id-1 inhibition by berberine plays a central role in the suppression of HIF-1α/VEGF and NF-κB pathways. We also found that berberine could induce both apoptotic and autophagic cell death in HCC, and the mitochondria related-caspases activation confers the apoptosis while mTOR inhibition initiates autophagy in berberine treated- cells. We found that berberine could suppress the migration and invasion of HCC cells as well, and Rho-GTPases/ROCK signaling is the particular target in berberine’s anti-invasive action. Finally, to dig out some molecular events involved in berberine’s action on HCC, we studied critically the mechanism underlying berberine’s inhibition on Cyclin D1 in HCC. We found berberine may promote the IKKα-induced Cyclin D1 phosphorylation at T286, and this may initiate the ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of Cyclin D1 in berberine-treated HCC cells and contribute to berberine’s anti-HCC action. Critical clinical trials and OMICS techniques were planned to further our comprehensive study on Coptis and berberine’s effects on HCC. In all, we found that berberine targets on different stages and molecules and exerts preventive and curative potential against HCC. Our study sheds light on the clinical application of berberine in HCC treatment.published_or_final_version
Chinese Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Chan, Tze-ho. "An assessment of the development potential of the existing military lands in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13008821.
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