Journal articles on the topic 'Potatoes Ecology'
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1
Dornan, Andrew P., and Jeff G. Stewart. "POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (HÜBNER)(LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ATTACKING POTATOES IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND." Canadian Entomologist 127, no. 2 (April 1995): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent127255-2.
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AbstractThe population dynamics of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were documented on potatoes grown in Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) from 1990 to 1992. By comparing degree-day accumulations above 10°C, both first occurrence and peak flights of male adults occurred earlier than elsewhere in North America. Because potatoes in P.E.I. are attacked earlier and over a longer period of time than potatoes grown in other regions, the insect is an important pest of potatoes in P.E.I. The correlation between peak numbers of male adults caught in pheromone traps and egg masses on potato plants was not significant (p = 0.22). However, the correlation between egg masses per potato stalk and larvae per potato stalk was significant (p = 0.003). Trapping adults and monitoring potato plants for the presence of egg masses during the period from 250 to 500 degree-days appears to be a reliable way to determine the presence of adults and the potential impact of larvae on yield of potatoes.
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Jaques, Robert P., and Daniel R. Laing. "EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROBIAL AND CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES IN CONTROL OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON POTATOES AND TOMATOES." Canadian Entomologist 120, no. 12 (December 1988): 1123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1201123-12.
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AbstractThe control of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), by formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (B.t.) and other microbial agents and chemical insecticides was assessed in field plots of potatoes and tomatoes over a 5-year period. Applications of formulations of thuringiensin, the beta exotoxin of B.t., and of B.t. var. son diego (B.t.sd.) to potatoes reduced numbers of larvae of the potato beetle compared with the nontreated check and resulted in yields significantly greater than from the check plots and, in most cases, similar to yields from plots treated with carbofuran. Treatment of tomatoes with B.t.sd. reduced populations of larvae of the Colorado potato beetle compared with the nontreated check and increased yield of nondamaged fruit from plots. An initial application of carbofuran to potatoes or permethrin to tomatoes followed by applications of thuringiensin or B.t.sd. protected potatoes or tomatoes as well as did the chemical insecticide used alone in a treatment program. Applications of preparations of B.t. var. kurstaki or spores of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin or the microsporidium Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer) did not reduce populations of the beetle.
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Lee, Kyung-Jun, Raveendar Sebastin, Gyu-Taek Cho, Munsup Yoon, Gi-An Lee, and Do-Yoon Hyun. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Potato Germplasm in RDA-Genebank: Utilization for Breeding and Conservation." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040752.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important staple food and economic crop in many countries. It is of critical importance to understand the genetic diversity and population structure for effective collection, conservation, and utilization of potato germplasm. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of potato germplasm conserved in the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) of South Korea to provide basic data for future preservation and breeding of potato genetic resources. A total of 24 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 482 potato accessions. A total of 257 alleles were detected, with an average of 10.71 alleles per locus. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 97% of allelic diversity was attributed to individual accessions within the population, while only 3% was distributed among populations. Results of genetic structure analysis based on STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components revealed that 482 potato accessions could be divided into two main subpopulations. Accessions of subpopulation 1 mainly belonged to cultivars and breeding lines. Accessions of subpopulations 2 basically corresponded to wild relatives of potatoes. Results of this study provide useful information for potato improvement and conservation programs, although further studies are needed for a more accurate evaluation of genetic diversity and phenotypic traits of potatoes.
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Kardile, Hemant Balasaheb, Solomon Yilma, and Vidyasagar Sathuvalli. "Molecular Approaches to Overcome Self-Incompatibility in Diploid Potatoes." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101328.
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There has been an increased interest in true potato seeds (TPS) as planting material because of their advantages over seed tubers. TPS produced from a tetraploid heterozygous bi-parental population produces non-uniform segregating progenies, which have had limited uniformity in yield and quality in commercial cultivation, and, thus, limited success. Inbreeding depression and self-incompatibility hamper the development of inbred lines in both tetraploid and diploid potatoes, impeding hybrid development efforts. Diploid potatoes have gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) controlled by S-locus, harboring the male-dependent S-locus F-box (SLF/SFB) and female-dependent Stylar-RNase (S-RNase). Manipulation of these genes using biotechnological tools may lead to loss of self-incompatibility. Self-compatibility can also be achieved by the introgression of S-locus inhibitor (Sli) found in the self-compatible (SC) natural mutants of Solanum chacoense. The introgression of Sli through conventional breeding methods has gained much success. Recently, the Sli gene has been cloned from diverse SC diploid potato lines. It is expressed gametophytically and can overcome the SI in different diploid potato genotypes through conventional breeding or transgenic approaches. Interestingly, it has a 533 bp insertion in its promoter elements, a MITE transposon, making it a SC allele. Sli gene encodes an F-box protein PP2-B10, which consists of an F-box domain linked to a lectin domain. Interaction studies have revealed that the C-terminal region of Sli interacts with most of the StS-RNases, except StS-RNase 3, 9, 10, and 13, while full-length Sli cannot interact with StS-RNase 3, 9, 11, 13, and 14. Thus, Sli may play an essential role in mediating the interactions between pollen and stigma and function like SLFs to interact with and detoxify the S-RNases during pollen tube elongation to confer SC to SI lines. These advancements have opened new avenues in the diploid potato hybrid.
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Novikova, Irina, Vladislav Minin, Julia Titova, Anton Zakharov, Irina Krasnobaeva, Irina Boikova, and Evgeniy Murzaev. "New Polyfunctional Biorationals Use to Achieve Competitive Yield of Organic Potatoes in the North-West Russian Ecosystem." Plants 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070962.
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To increase the organic potato yield, it is necessary to provide the crop with sufficient nutrients and effective means of biocontrol the diseases. The research goal was to characterize the biorationals’ efficacy to achieve competitive organic potatoes’ yield under various weather conditions. A 4-year trial was carried out in the Leningrad region using Udacha variety potatoes. The tests used liquid forms of new polyfunctional biologicals Kartofin based on highly active Bacillus subtilis I-5-12/23 and organic fertilizer BIAGUM obtained from poultry manure by aerobic fermentation in a closed biofermenter. Significant stimulation in plant growth and development to the flowering phase regardless of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season was noted. The stimulating effect was determined by the combined use of biorationals pro rata to BIAGUM dose. Kartofin biologicals and BIAGUM almost doubled the potato tubers’ yield compared to the control, regardless of the growing season conditions. At the flowering phase, the biological efficacy in potato fungal diseases incidence and development was near 90% under optimal and 50–75% under drought hydrothermal conditions. At the end of vegetation, the efficiency in fungal diseases incidence and development made up 45–65% under optimal and 45–70% under dry conditions. BIAGUM effectiveness in reducing disease development reached 45–50% regardless of growing season conditions.
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Lax, Paola, Juan C. Rondan Dueñas, Javier Franco-Ponce, Cristina N. Gardenal, and Marcelo E. Doucet. "Morphology and DNA sequence data reveal the presence of Globodera ellingtonae in the Andean region." Contributions to Zoology 83, no. 4 (October 3, 2014): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08304002.
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Potato cyst nematodes, G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, are the most economically important nematode pests of potatoes worldwide and are subject to strict quarantine regulations in many countries. Globodera ellingtonae was recently described from Oregon (USA), with its host-plant in the field being still unknown. Roots of Andean potatoes from the North of Argentina have been found attacked by this nematode, providing further evidence that this is a potato cyst nematode species, along with G. pallida and G. rostochiensis. New information about morphological, biological and molecular aspects of G. ellingtonae is provided for diagnostic purposes. The Argentine population showed morphological differences from specimens from Oregon; therefore, new diagnostic characters were defined to differentiate G. ellingtonae from its closest species. The Hsp90 gene was shown to be a good diagnostic marker for discriminating the three PCN species. The importance of the detection of G. ellingtonae on potatoes in the Andean region is not restricted to a regional level, since the nematode is also present in USA. This species can pose a serious problem to potato crop, especially when infected tubers are used as seeds. The distribution in the South American Andes is likely to extend the currently known distribution areas because cysts are passively transported. There is a need to evaluate the possible damage it may cause to potato crops. Morphological and molecular diagnoses conducted in this work provide fundamental information for the protection of potato crops not only in those countries in the Americas where the species has already been detected, but also worldwide.
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Hansen, James D. "Acoustical Detection of the Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Sweet Potato2." Journal of Entomological Science 28, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-28.4.453.
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Ultrasensitive acoustical equipment was used to detect larvae of the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.). Methods of expressing results were evaluated with per cent audible as the best indicator of larval presence. Sound from moderately infested sweet potatoes (8 to 20 weevils/sweet potato) varied considerably even though infestation rates above 60 weevils/sweet potato resulted in sound throughout most of the observation period. Infested sweet potatoes were detectable after two weeks of weevil development; maximum values were observed a month after infestation. However, the substantial variation of the observation data precluded descriptive mathematical models based on infestation rate or weevil development. Disease processes also caused signals that were indistinguishable from those made by sweetpotato larvae. Other factors that influence detectability are also discussed.
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Hlisnikovský, Lukáš, Ladislav Menšík, and Eva Kunzová. "The Effect of Soil-Climate Conditions, Farmyard Manure and Mineral Fertilizers on Potato Yield and Soil Chemical Parameters." Plants 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112473.
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If available to farmers, potatoes represent a crop classically fertilized with farmyard manure in the Czech Republic. At the same time, potatoes are a crop sensitive to soil–climate conditions. We evaluated the effect of cattle manure (FYM), manure and mineral nitrogen (FYM + N1, FYM + N2), manure and mineral fertilizers (FYM + N1PK, FYM + N2PK, FYM + N3PK) application and the effect of three soil-climatic conditions (Caslav—maize production area with degraded Chernozem, Ivanovice—maize production area with Chernozem, Lukavec—potatoes production area with Cambisol) over four years (2016–2019) on potatoes yield and soil chemical properties. Of all the factors, yields were most affected by location. Lukavec provided the highest average yields (37.2 t ha−1), followed by Ivanovice (23.5 t ha−1) and Caslav (15.5 t ha−1). The second most important factor was the climatic conditions of the year. Fertilization was the third most important parameter. FYM significantly increased yields compared to Control, but applied alone cannot cover the needs of potatoes. Similarly, the application of FYM and N increases yields, but for the highest yields, it is best to apply FYM + NPK (80 kg ha−1 N). Co-application of FYM and mineral N fertilizers mitigates the negative impact of mineral N on soil pH.
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Alyokhin, Andrei V., and David N. Ferro. "MATING ABILITY OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) MALES FED TRANSGENIC POTATO (SOLANACEAE) FOLIAGE." Canadian Entomologist 131, no. 4 (August 1999): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent131539-4.
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Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is an important pest of potatoes Solanum tuberosum L. worldwide. To control this insect, commercial growers in North America may increasingly rely on planting transgenic potatoes that express the Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) subsp. tenebrionis Cry3A toxin in their foliage (Whalon and Ferro 1998). Because persistence and distribution of the toxin in these plants are maximized (Perlak et al. 1993), there is strong selection pressure towards development of resistance to the Cry3A toxin in beetle populations (Ferro 1993). One strategy proposed to delay development of resistance is to provide spatial refugia of nontransgenic potatoes to support populations of susceptible individuals sufficient to curtail matings between resistant individuals (Whalon and Ferro 1998). Therefore, it is important that susceptible beetles moving into the transgenic crop from refugia can successfully mate with local resistant beetles. Wierenga et al. (1996) reported that adult beetles that fed continuously on transgenic potatoes since eclosion from pupae did not display any reproductive activity, but that successful reproduction was eventually observed if beetles fed on nontransgenic foliage later. Under field conditions, however, it is more likely that susceptible beetles emerging from pupae in refugia will feed on nontransgenic potatoes before, not after, moving onto transgenic plants. We have recently discovered that under such circumstances female beetles remain reproductive, but with significantly reduced fecundity relative to control females continuously fed on nontransgenic foliage (Alyokhin and Ferro 1999). No such data are currently available for male beetles.
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Bhattarai, Shuvash, Patrick P. J. Haydock, Matthew A. Back, Martin C. Hare, and William T. Lankford. "Interactions between the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida, G. rostochiensis, and soil-borne fungus, Rhizoctonia solani (AG3), diseases of potatoes in the glasshouse and the field." Nematology 11, no. 4 (2009): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854108x399173.
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Abstract This is the first report of a positive interaction between the nematode Globodera pallida and Rhizoctonia solani diseases of potato, and is an important step in the general understanding of interactions between nematodes and fungal diseases. One glasshouse and two field experiments were performed to investigate interactions between G. pallida or G. rostochiensis and R. solani diseases of potatoes. The glasshouse experiment investigated the independent and combined effects of G. pallida or G. rostochiensis and R. solani on the growth of plants and R. solani disease severity. In the glasshouse experiment the combined effects of G. pallida with R. solani or G. rostochiensis with R. solani showed greater R. solani diseases of potatoes compared with only R. solani. The field experiments examined the development of R. solani diseases on potatoes grown in soil with potato cyst nematode population densities ranging from eight to 140 and four to 50 eggs (g soil)–1 in the years 2006 and 2007, respectively. The 2006 field experiment revealed a clear positive relationship between initial population densities of G. pallida and the incidence of stolons infected by R. solani, subsequent stolon pruning and stem canker. In both field experiments a clear positive relationship was found between densities of nematodes within the potato roots and the incidence of infected stolons, stolon pruning and stem canker. Nematicide applied together with R. solani in the 2007 field experiment reduced the effect of G. pallida on the incidence and severity of diseases caused by R. solani.
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Alkon, P. U., and D. Saltz. "Potatoes and the Nutritional Ecology of Crested Porcupines in a Desert Biome." Journal of Applied Ecology 22, no. 3 (December 1985): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403225.
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Lukianova, Anna A., Peter V. Evseev, Alexander A. Stakheev, Irina B. Kotova, Sergey K. Zavriev, Alexander N. Ignatov, and Konstantin A. Miroshnikov. "Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Pectobacterium parmentieri, a Causal Agent of Potato Soft Rot." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091880.
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Pectobacterium parmentieri is a plant-pathogenic bacterium, recently attributed as a separate species, which infects potatoes, causing soft rot in tubers. The distribution of P. parmentieri seems to be global, although the bacterium tends to be accommodated to moderate climates. Fast and accurate detection systems for this pathogen are needed to study its biology and to identify latent infection in potatoes and other plant hosts. The current paper reports on the development of a specific and sensitive detection protocol based on a real-time PCR with a TaqMan probe for P. parmentieri, and its evaluation. In sensitivity assays, the detection threshold of this protocol was 102 cfu/mL on pure bacterial cultures and 102–103 cfu/mL on plant material. The specificity of the protocol was evaluated against P. parmentieri and more than 100 strains of potato-associated species of Pectobacterium and Dickeya. No cross-reaction with the non-target bacterial species, or loss of sensitivity, was observed. This specific and sensitive diagnostic tool may reveal a wider distribution and host range for P. parmentieri and will expand knowledge of the life cycle and environmental preferences of this pathogen.
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Cusson, Michel, Robert S. Vernon, and Bernard D. Roitberg. "A SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLAN FOR ADULT TUBER FLEA BEETLES (EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER): DEALING WITH “EDGE EFFECTS”." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 3 (June 1990): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122537-5.
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AbstractWe propose a sequential sampling plan for adult tuber flea beetles, Epitrix tuberis Gent., in potato fields, which is based on a confidence interval calculated around a critical density value (Iwao 1975) and which uses Taylor’s Power Law (Taylor 1961) to estimate the variance. Because of the highly edge-biased gradients of density displayed by this insect, separate sequential expressions have been calculated for densities at the edges and centers of fields.In a survey of 12 commercial potato fields, spring-generation E. tuberis densities in centers of fields were always far below the threshold level of one beetle per 10 plants employed at the time of sampling. The survey also indicated that fields that have been sown with potatoes for 2 consecutive years have higher beetle densities than fields sown with potatoes for a 1st year. Edge:center density ratios, however, were the same for the two categories of fields.
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Ansari, Mansha, and Nandita Singh. "Growth surveillance of Catla catla fingerlings fed on potato peel diet." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.044.
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Large amounts of potatoes are presently used to prepare value-added food items to fulfil the requirement, particularly from the fast food and packaged foods industries. As a result, large amounts of peels are produced, posing a serious disposal dilemma for the business, especially given the growing awareness of the importance of limiting environmental effect and ensuring long-term sustainability. The present study was done by incorporating 5%, 10% and 20% potato peel in the diet of Catla catla. Long term dietary study showed the highest percentage weight gain in 20% potato peel diet, followed by 10 % potato peel, 5% potato peel and control. Similarly results was seen in the gain of length of the fish. Highest percentage length gain was observed in 20% potato peel diet followed by 10 % potato peel, 5% potato peel and control. Throughout study, the fish remained healthy and survival rate was 100 %.
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Malakar-Kuenen, Raksha, and Ward M. Tingey. "Aspects of tuber resistance in hybrid potatoes to potato tuber worm." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 120, no. 2 (August 2006): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00435.x.
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Kumar, Pawan, and Idit Ginzberg. "Potato Periderm Development and Tuber Skin Quality." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162099.
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The periderm is a corky tissue that replaces the epidermis when the latter is damaged, and is critical for preventing pathogen invasion and water loss. The periderm is formed through the meristematic activity of phellogen cells (cork cambium). The potato skin (phellem cells) composes the outer layers of the tuber periderm and is a model for studying cork development. Early in tuber development and following tuber expansion, the phellogen becomes active and produces the skin. New skin layers are continuously added by division of the phellogen cells until tuber maturation. Some physiological disorders of the potato tuber are related to abnormal development of the skin, including skinning injuries and russeting of smooth-skinned potatoes. Thus, characterizing the potato periderm contributes to modeling cork development in plants and helps to resolve critical agricultural problems. Here, we summarize the data available on potato periderm formation, highlighting tissue characteristics rather than the suberization processes.
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Riddick, E. W., G. Dively, and P. Barbosa. "Season-Long Abundance of Generalist Predators in Transgenic versus Nontransgenic Potato Fields2." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.4.349.
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We estimated the effect of deploying Cry3A-transgenic potatoes resistant to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on the season-long relative abundance of naturally-occurring generalist predators. Low inputs of foliar insecticides were used in the transgenic fields to suppress nontarget pests and in the nontransgenic fields to prevent total defoliation of potato plants by L. decemlineata. Dominant plant-foraging heteropteran predators and lady beetles were sampled by sweeping foliage, whereas, ground-foraging carnivorous carabids, ants, and spiders were sampled by trapping in pitfalls. Orius insidiosus (Say) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more abundant in transgenic treatment fields than in nontransgenic fields in 1994, but not in 1995. None of the coccinellids (3 taxa) were affected by the treatments in either season. The carnivorous carabids (3 taxa) and ants were not affected by either treatment, but spiders were significantly more abundant in the transgenic treatment fields in 1995. We conclude that the deployment of pure stands of Cry3A-transgenic potatoes, with a minimum input of insecticides to suppress non-target pests, will have no deleterious effects on the populations of generalist predators in the potato ecosystem.
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Paul, Narayan Chandra, Soyoon Park, Haifeng Liu, Ju Gyeong Lee, Gui Hwan Han, Hyunsook Kim, and Hyunkyu Sang. "Fungi Associated with Postharvest Diseases of Sweet Potato Storage Roots and In Vitro Antagonistic Assay of Trichoderma harzianum against the Diseases." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110927.
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Sweet potato is the 11th most important food crop in the world and an excellent source of nutrition. Postharvest diseases were monitored in sweet potato storage roots collected from the local markets in Korea during 2021. Several diseases including Fusarium surface and root rot, charcoal rot, dry rot, and soft rot were observed in the postharvest sweet potatoes. A total of 68 fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased samples, and the isolates were grouped into 8 different fungal colony types. Based on multilocus phylogeny and morphological analysis of 17 representative isolates, the isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. ipomoeae, F. solani, Penicillium citrinum, P. rotoruae, Aspergillus wentii, Mucor variicolumellatus (Mu. circinelloides species complex), and Macrophomina phaseolina. F. oxysporum was the predominant pathogen as this is the most common pathogen of sweet potato storage roots causing the surface rot disease, and M. phaseolina caused the most severe disease among the pathogens. Dual culture antagonistic assays were evaluated using Trichoderma harzianum strains CMML20–26 and CMML20–27. The results revealed that the two strains showed strong antifungal activity in different ranges against all tested pathogens. This study provides an understanding of diverse postharvest diseases in sweet potatoes and suggests potential biocontrol agents to manage the diseases. In addition, this is the first report of sweet potato storage root rot diseases caused by A. wentii, and P. rotoruae worldwide.
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Gumbo, Nyasha, Lembe Samukelo Magwaza, and Nomali Ziphorah Ngobese. "Evaluating Ecologically Acceptable Sprout Suppressants for Enhancing Dormancy and Potato Storability: A Review." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112307.
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Postharvest losses are a key stumbling block to long-term postharvest storage of potato tubers. Due to the high costs and lack of infrastructure associated with cold storage, this storage method is often not the most viable option. Hence, sprout suppressants are an appealing option. In most developing countries, potato tubers in postharvest storage are accompanied by a rapid decline in the potato tuber quality due to the physiological process of sprouting. It results in weight changes, increased respiration, and decreased nutritional quality. Therefore, proper management of sprouting is critical in potato storage. To avoid tuber sprouting, increased storage and transportation of potatoes demands either the retention of their dormant state or the application of sprout growth suppressants. This review evaluates the current understanding of the efficacy of different sprout suppressants on potato storability and the extension of potato shelf-life. We also consider the implications of varied study parameters, i.e., cultivar, temperature, and method of application, on the outcomes of sprout suppressant efficacies and how these limit the integration of efficient sprout suppression protocols.
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İnceoğlu, Özgül, Leo Simon van Overbeek, Joana Falcão Salles, and Jan Dirk van Elsas. "Normal Operating Range of Bacterial Communities in Soil Used for Potato Cropping." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 4 (December 7, 2012): 1160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02811-12.
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ABSTRACTIn this study, the impacts of six potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars with different tuber starch allocations (including one genetically modified [GM] line) on the bacterial communities in field soil were investigated across two growth seasons interspersed with 1 year of barley cultivation, using quantitative PCR, clone library, and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses. It was hypothesized that the modifications in the tuber starch contents of these plants, yielding changed root growth rates and exudation patterns, might have elicited altered bacterial communities in the soil. The data showed that bacterial abundances in the bulk soil varied over about 2 orders of magnitude across the 3 years. As expected, across all cultivars, positive potato rhizosphere effects on bacterial abundances were noted in the two potato years. The bulk soil bacterial community structures revealed progressive shifts across time, and moving-window analysis revealed a 60% change over the total experiment. Consistent with previous findings, the community structures in the potato rhizosphere compartments were mainly affected by the growth stage of the plants and, to a lesser extent, by plant cultivar type. The data from the soil under the non-GM potato lines were then taken to define the normal operating range (NOR) of the microbiota under potatoes. Interestingly, the bacterial communities under the GM potato line remained within this NOR. In regard to the bacterial community compositions, particular bacterial species in the soil appeared to be specific to (i) the plant species under investigation (barley versus potato) or, with respect to potatoes, (ii) the plant growth stage. Members of the generaArthrobacter,Streptomyces,Rhodanobacter, andDokdonellawere consistently found only at the flowering potato plants in both seasons, whereasRhodoplanesandSporosarcinawere observed only in the soil planted to barley.
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Orgodol, Kh, Kh Nyamgerel, and S. Oyun-Erdene. "REFLECTION OF POTATO VARIETIES TO MIDSEASON WATER LIMITATION." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 22, 2015): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v13i2.517.
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Climate change is expected to exacerbate drought events throughout the world, resulting in large-scale ecosystem alteration and failure of drought-sensitive crops. In addition, periods of drought vary from year to year both in severity and length, making it difficult for plants to adapt to more severe conditions. Many modern varieties of potatoes are considered to be drought-sensitive. Potato growing in the agro-ecology environment of the country is believed as little risky for dry farming, but weather change during the last years’ requests to be reassessed the circumstances. Especially, the coincidence of hot weather frequency and rainfall shortage in July with potato tuber bulking causes the downed harvest. This trial conducted to reveal potato plant tolerant to water stress, including 6 more common varieties. The varieties were grown in non-stressed and 15 days water limitation conditions. There was revealed that potato growing in the non-stressed condition provided to harvest 6.0 t/ha or 15,6per cent higher yield than with water limitation treatment.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 60-62
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Pelletier, Y., Catherine Clark, and Georges C. Tai. "Resistance of three wild tuber-bearing potatoes to the Colorado potato beetle." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 100, no. 1 (July 2001): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00845.x.
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Ahrenholtz, Ingrid, Klaus Harms, Johann de Vries, and Wilfried Wackernagel. "Increased Killing of Bacillus subtilison the Hair Roots of Transgenic T4 Lysozyme-Producing Potatoes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 1862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.1862-1865.2000.
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ABSTRACT Transgenic potato plants expressing the phage T4 lysozyme gene which are resistant to the plant-pathogenic enterobacteriumErwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora have been constructed. The agricultural growth of these potatoes might have harmful effects on soil microbiota as a result of T4 lysozyme release into the rhizosphere. To assess the bactericidal effect of roots, we have developed a novel method to associate the cells of Bacillus subtilis with hair roots of plants and to quantify the survival of cells directly on the root surface by appropriate staining and fluorescence microscopy. With this technique, we found that the roots of potato plants (Désirée and transgenic control lines) without T4 lysozyme gene display measurable killing activity on root-adsorbed B. subtilis cells. Killing was largely independent of the plant age and growth of plants in greenhouse or field plots. Roots from potato lines expressing the T4 lysozyme gene always showed significantly (1.5- to 3.5-fold) higher killing. It is concluded that T4 lysozyme is released from the root epidermis cells and is active in the fluid film on the root surface. We discuss why strong negative effects of T4 lysozyme-producing potatoes on soil bacteria in field trials may not be observed. We propose that the novel method presented here to study interactions of bacteria with roots can be applied not only to bacterial killing but also to interactions leading to growth-sustaining effects of plants on bacteria.
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Mckinlay, R. G. "Insect Pest Control on Potatoes." Outlook on Agriculture 17, no. 1 (March 1988): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708801700106.
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The international importance of the potato crop needs no stressing and its protection from insect pests is correspondingly important. This article reviews the wide variety of control methods currently in use. In present circumstances integrated pest control methods are desirable on environmental grounds, but in practice the careful monitoring required makes this difficult for the individual grower.
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Bradshaw, John E. "Breeding Diploid F1 Hybrid Potatoes for Propagation from Botanical Seed (TPS): Comparisons with Theory and Other Crops." Plants 11, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091121.
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This paper reviews the progress and the way ahead in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding by comparisons with expectations from the theory of inbreeding and crossbreeding, and experiences from other diploid outbreeding crops. Diploid potatoes can be converted from an outbreeding species, in which self-pollination is prevented by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system, into one where self-pollination is possible, either through a dominant self-incompatibility inhibitor gene (Sli) or knockout mutations in the incompatibility locus. As a result, diploid F1 hybrid breeding can be used to produce genetically uniform potato cultivars for propagation from true potato seeds by crossing two near-homozygous inbred lines, derived from a number of generations of self-pollination despite inbreeding depression. Molecular markers can be used to detect and remove deleterious recessive mutations of large effect, including those in tight repulsion linkage. Improvements to the inbred lines can be made by introducing and stacking genes and chromosome segments of large desirable effect from wild relatives by backcrossing. Improvements in quantitative traits require a number of cycles of inbreeding and crossbreeding. Seed production can be achieved by hand pollinations. F1 hybrid planting material can be delivered to farmers as true seeds or young plants, and mini-tubers derived from true seeds.
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Sychev, V. G., N. I. Akanova, and M. M. Vizirskaya. "EFFECTIVENESS OF UREA WITH UREASE INHIBITOR – UTEC TO THE POTATO." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-3-104-108.
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In the he article are presented the research result on effectiveness of application new form of urea on potato. New urea form is urea with urease inhibitors. This fertilities type allow to reduce losses of nitrogen in ammonium form. Field experiment was carried out in 2017 on solonetc light chestnut soils with heavy granulometric compound in the conditions of the Volgograd region in the experimental polygon of the lower Volga agricultural research Institute – branch of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific center for agro-ecology, integrated land reclamation and protective afforestation wounds". As an object of research used potatoes mid-early table varieties Nevsky. The advantage of a new fertilizer form is the yield increase and improvement of tubers quality. Urea UTEC application leads to formation bigger and uniform tuber size. The use of urea UTEC provide the potato yield of 56.4 t/ha, with marketable tubers fraction up to 54.82 t/ha, the total yield increase to the control – 35.6%, in monetary terms this amounted to 245887.0 RUB/ha additional profit. Under these conditions, was obtained lowest amount of non-marketable yield – 0.16 t/ha, which is 2.65 times less than in the control variant. The advantage of urea UTEC application in comparison with ammonium nitrate was the increase in the yield of marketable potatoes by 5.1 t/ha and an additional profit up to 76.8 thousand rubles/ha. The Assessment of the potato quality showed that the best treatment was also the treatment with UTEC urea, the starch content in tubers was 9.22%. Note that almost the same value of the indicator in the variant with the use of urea (option 2), and the lowest starch content was noted when using ammonium nitrate – 9.05%.
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ElTinawi, Imad, Fahed AlBiski, and Jawdat Faddoul. "Effect of Cultural Filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. tuberosi in Some Growth Parameters of Ten Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum) In vitro." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 40, no. 3 (2022): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.247259.
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Eltinawi, E.A., F. Albiski and J. Faddoul. 2022. Effect of Cultural Filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. tuberosi in Some Growth Parameters of Ten Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum) In vitro. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 247- 259. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.247259 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of biological stress on some morphological growth parameters of ten potato varieties grown in vitro. Biological stress was applied by adding different concentrations of cultural filtrate (CF) of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. Tuberosum (0, 5 , 10, 15, 25, 30, 40%) to the MS (Murashigi-Skoog) growth medium. The growth parameters measured were: plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, leaf area (mm²), number of roots/plant, root length (cm), and plant fresh and dry weight (g). The results showed that the potato varieties investigated differed in their response to the biological stress applied. The cluster analysis based on the sum of the relative values of the studied growth parameters, the potato varieties can be clustered in three different groups: The first group included three tolerant varieties to biological stress, Toronto, Barcelona and Suria; the second group included four moderately sensitive varieties to bio-stress, Fabulla, Nectare, Spunta and Ardappel; the third group included three sensitive varieties, 7-Four-7, Farida and Joly. The results obtained indicated that the in vitro screening technology could be used as a fast and efficient way to evaluate genetic variation of tolerance to biological stress in potatoes. Keywords: Biological stress, cultural filtrate (CF), cluster analysis, mycotoxin, potatoes
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Thoden, Tim C., Gerald W. Korthals, Johnny Visser, and Wianda van Gastel-Topper. "A field study on the host status of different crops for Meloidogyne minor and its damage potential on potatoes." Nematology 14, no. 3 (2012): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854111x594965.
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For several years, a new species of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor, has been reported from parts of The Netherlands, Belgium, UK and Ireland. So far, this species causes most problems on golf courses but has also been reported from a potato field in Zeijerveld (The Netherlands) where it caused strong growth reduction on potato plants, but no damage to potato tubers. As The Netherlands is a potato-producing country, field experiments were set up to evaluate the potential risks this species poses. We tested the host status of some common crops for M. minor under field conditions and, more importantly, also tested its potential to harm potato production in terms of quantity as well as quality. In a 2-year field experiment (2007-2009), the host status of potato (cv. Bartina), rye, annual ryegrass, sugar beet, and maize was tested in the first growing season. Afterwards, these plots were used to evaluate the damage potential of M. minor on two commonly cultivated potato cultivars (cvs Astérix and Markies). In general, only potato seemed to be a good host for this nematode species with a Pf∕Pi-ratio about 1.5. Reproduction was observed mostly on roots but also on tubers, which increases the spread of M. minor by seed potatoes. However, there was no reduction in potato production, neither in yield nor in tuber quality. No significant reproduction could be observed on the other plants (Pf∕Pi values close to zero). From these results one might conclude that this nematode will not become a major threat to European agriculture. However, care has to be taken as within additional glasshouse experiments potato tubers were susceptible for damage caused by M. minor. Thus, further studies on the general biology and ecology of M. minor are needed to make a better risk assessment on this new nematode pest.
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Kyrychenko, A. M., M. M. Bohdan, H. O. Snihur, I. S. Shcherbatenko, and I. O. Antipov. "First Report of Potato Viruses Infecting Lamium purpureum in Ukraine." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 6 (December 17, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.06.055.
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Weeds as reservoirs for destructive plant pathogens have a significant impact on the viral epidemiology, ecology and, as a result, on local economy, and are therefore being investigated in many parts of the world. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate virus occurrence in red dead-nettle plants (Lamium purpureum L.) widespread in urban and field conditions throughout the in the Kyiv region of Ukraine. Methods. Field crop observations, visual diagnosis, biological testing of the virus, immunoassay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR), sanger sequencing of partial genome sequences of PVX, PVY, PVS, PVM. Results. The results obtained in the study indicate that Lamium plants could be alternative weed hosts of number important viral diseases including potatoes and other vegetables. Serological and molecular test results evidence plants were infected by Potato virus X, Potato virus Y, Potato virus M, Potato virus S and therefore Lamium L. species can serve as a potential source of inoculum for wide range of vegetables and ornamentals. This study is the first report of Lamium plants being naturally infected with Potato virus M and Potato virus S in central Europe. Conclusions. These plants are alternative host of mixed infection with viruses belonging to different families: Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae and Potyviridae.
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Burlakoti, Rishi R., Shaukat Ali, Gary A. Secor, Stephen M. Neate, Marcia P. McMullen, and Tika B. Adhikari. "Comparative Mycotoxin Profiles of Gibberella zeae Populations from Barley, Wheat, Potatoes, and Sugar Beets." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 21 (September 12, 2008): 6513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01580-08.
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ABSTRACT Gibberella zeae is one of the most devastating pathogens of barley and wheat in the United States. The fungus also infects noncereal crops, such as potatoes and sugar beets, and the genetic relationships among barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet isolates indicate high levels of similarity. However, little is known about the toxigenic potential of G. zeae isolates from potatoes and sugar beets. A total of 336 isolates of G. zeae from barley, wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets were collected and analyzed by TRI (trichothecene biosynthesis gene)-based PCR assays. To verify the TRI-based PCR detection of genetic markers by chemical analysis, 45 representative isolates were grown in rice cultures for 28 days and 15 trichothecenes and 2 zearalenone (ZEA) analogs were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. TRI-based PCR assays revealed that all isolates had the deoxynivalenol (DON) marker. The frequencies of isolates with the 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) marker were higher than those of isolates with the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) marker among isolates from all four crops. Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant wheat cultivars had little or no influence on the diversity of isolates associated with the 3-ADON and 15-ADON markers. However, the frequency of isolates with the 3-ADON marker among isolates from the Langdon, ND, sampling site was higher than those among isolates from the Carrington and Minot, ND, sites. In chemical analyses, DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON, b-ZEA, and ZEA were detected. All isolates produced DON (1 to 782 μg/g) and ZEA (1 to 623 μg/g). These findings may be useful for monitoring mycotoxin contamination and for formulating FHB management strategies for these crops.
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Jiang, Manlin, Tracy Shinners-Carnelley, Darin Gibson, Debbie Jones, Jyoti Joshi, and Gefu Wang-Pruski. "Irrigation Effect on Yield, Skin Blemishes, Phellem Formation, and Total Phenolics of Red Potatoes." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 3523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243523.
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Dark Red Norland is an important potato cultivar in the fresh market due to its attractive bright, red colour, and good yield. However, skin blemishes such as silver patch, surface cracking, and russeting can negatively influence the tuber skin quality and marketability. It is well known that potato is a drought-sensitive plant. This study was conducted to determine whether irrigation would affect Dark Red Norland’s yield and skin quality. A three-year field trial was conducted by Peak of the Market in Manitoba, Canada. Plants were treated under both irrigation and rainfed conditions. The results show that irrigation increased the total yield by 20.6% and reduced the severity of surface cracking by 48.5%. Microscopy imaging analysis demonstrated that tubers from the rainfed trials formed higher numbers of suberized cell layers than those of the irrigated potatoes, with a difference of 0.360 to 0.652 layers in normal skins. Surface cracking and silver patch skins had more suberized cell layers than the normal skins, with ranges of 7.805 to 8.333 and 7.740 to 8.496, respectively. A significantly higher amount of total polyphenols was found in the irrigated samples with a mean of 77.30 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (fw) than that of the rainfed samples (69.80 mg GAE/100 g fw). The outcome of this study provides a better understanding of the water regime effect causing these skin blemishes, which could potentially be used to establish strategies to improve tuber skin quality and minimize market losses.
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Norero, Natalia, María Rey Burusco, Sebastián D’Ippólito, Cecilia Décima Oneto, Gabriela Massa, Martín Castellote, Sergio Feingold, and María Guevara. "Genome-Wide Analyses of Aspartic Proteases on Potato Genome (Solanum tuberosum): Generating New Tools to Improve the Resistance of Plants to Abiotic Stress." Plants 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11040544.
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Aspartic proteases are proteolytic enzymes widely distributed in living organisms and viruses. Although they have been extensively studied in many plant species, they are poorly described in potatoes. The present study aimed to identify and characterize S. tuberosum aspartic proteases. Gene structure, chromosome and protein domain organization, phylogeny, and subcellular predicted localization were analyzed and integrated with RNAseq data from different tissues, organs, and conditions focused on abiotic stress. Sixty-two aspartic protease genes were retrieved from the potato genome, distributed in 12 chromosomes. A high number of intronless genes and segmental and tandem duplications were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed eight StAP groups, named from StAPI to StAPVIII, that were differentiated into typical (StAPI), nucellin-like (StAPIIIa), and atypical aspartic proteases (StAPII, StAPIIIb to StAPVIII). RNAseq data analyses showed that gene expression was consistent with the presence of cis-acting regulatory elements on StAP promoter regions related to water deficit. The study presents the first identification and characterization of 62 aspartic protease genes and proteins on the potato genome and provides the baseline material for functional gene determinations and potato breeding programs, including gene editing mediated by CRISPR.
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Maune, Juan Federico, Elsa Lucila Camadro, and Luis Ernesto Erazzú. "Cross-incompatibility and self-incompatibility: unrelated phenomena in wild and cultivated potatoes?" Botany 96, no. 1 (January 2018): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2017-0070.
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Knowledge of internal hybridization barriers is relevant for germplasm conservation and utilization. The two pre-zygotic barriers are pollen–pistil self-incompatibility (SI) and cross-incompatibility (CI). To ascertain whether SI and CI were phenotypically related phenomena in potatoes, extensive intra- and interspecific, both intra- and interploidy breeding relationships were established, without previous assumptions on the compatibility behavior of the studied germplasm. Pollen–pistil relationships were analyzed at the individual genotype/accession/family level. In two seasons, 828 intra- and interspecific genotypic combinations were performed, using accessions of the wild potatoes Solanum chacoense Bitter (2n = 2x = 24), S. gourlayi Hawkes (2n = 2x = 24; 2n = 4x = 48), and S. spegazzinii Bitter (2n = 2x = 24), full-sibling (hereinafter “full-sib”) families (2n = 2x = 24) within/between the latter two diploids, and S. tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48) cultivars. Pollen–pistil incompatibility occurred in the upper first third of the style (I1/3) in all selfed diploids. In both the intra- and interspecific combinations, the most frequent relationship was compatibility, followed by I1/3, but incompatibility also occurred in the stigma and the style (middle third and bottom third). We observed segregation for these relationships in full-sib families, and unilateral and bilateral incompatibility in reciprocal crosses between functional SI genotypes. Cross-incompatibility in potatoes is, apparently, controlled by genes independent of the S-locus or its S-haplotype recognition region (although molecular evidence is needed to confirm it), with segregation even within accessions.
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Douches, D. S., W. Pett, F. Santos, J. Coombs, E. Grafius, W. Li, E. A. Metry, T. NASR El-din, and M. Madkour. "Field and Storage Testing Bt Potatoes for Resistance to Potato Tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelichiidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 97, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 1425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-97.4.1425.
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Blatnik, Eva, Marinka Horvat, Sabina Berne, Miha Humar, Peter Dolničar, and Vladimir Meglič. "Late Blight Resistance Conferred by Rpi-Smira2/R8 in Potato Genotypes In Vitro Depends on the Genetic Background." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101319.
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Potato production worldwide is threatened by late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Highly resistant potato cultivars were developed in breeding programs, using resistance gene pyramiding methods. In Sárpo Mira potatoes, five resistance genes (R3a, R3b, R4, Rpi-Smira1, and Rpi-Smira2/R8) are reported, with the latter gene assumed to be the major contributor. To study the level of late blight resistance conferred by the Rpi-Smira2/R8 gene, potato genotypes with only the Rpi-Smira2/R8 gene were selected from progeny population in which susceptible cultivars were crossed with Sárpo Mira. Ten R8 potato genotypes were obtained using stepwise marker-assisted selection, and agroinfiltration of the avirulence effector gene Avr4. Nine of these R8 genotypes were infected with both Slovenian P. infestans isolates and aggressive foreign isolates. All the progeny R8 genotypes are resistant to the Slovenian P. infestans isolate 02_07, and several show milder late blight symptoms than the corresponding susceptible parent after inoculation with other isolates. When inoculated with foreign P. infestans isolates, the genotype C571 shows intermediate resistance, similar to that of Sárpo Mira. These results suggest that Rpi-Smira2/R8 contributes to late blight resistance, although this resistance is not guaranteed solely by the presence of the R8 in the genome.
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Tanvir, Rezwan, Lei Wang, Amy Zhang, and Ling Li. "Orphan Genes in Crop Improvement: Enhancing Potato Tuber Protein without Impacting Yield." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223076.
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Qua-Quine Starch (QQS), an Arabidopsis thaliana orphan gene, and its interactor, Arabidopsis Nuclear Factor Y subunit C4 (AtNF-YC4), can increase the total leaf and seed protein in different plants. Despite their potential in developing protein-rich crop varieties, their influence on the protein content of the stem, modified stem, and tuber was never investigated. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most valuable food crops worldwide. This staple food is rich in starch, vitamins (B6, C), phenolics, flavonoids, polyamines, carotenoids, and various minerals but lacks adequate proteins necessary for a healthy human diet. Here we expressed A. thaliana QQS (AtQQS) and overexpressed S. tuberosum NF-YC4 (StNF-YC4) in potatoes to determine their influence on the composition and morphological characteristics of potato tubers. Our data demonstrated higher protein and reduced starch content in potato tubers without significantly compromising the tuber yield, shape, and numbers, when QQS was expressed or StNF-YC4 was overexpressed. Publicly available expression data, promoter region, and protein–protein interaction analyses of StNF-YC4 suggest its potential functionality in potato storage protein, metabolism, stress resistance, and defense against pests and pathogens. The overall outcomes of this study support QQS and NF-YC4’s potential utilization as tools to enhance tuber protein content in plants.
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Phillips, M. S., C. A. Hackett, and D. L. Trudgill. "The Relationship Between the Initial and Final Population Densities of the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida for Partially Resistant Potatoes." Journal of Applied Ecology 28, no. 1 (April 1991): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404118.
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Dyrdahl-Young, Ruhiyyih, Emilie Cole, Marisol Quintanilla Tornel, Richard Weldon, and Peter DiGennaro. "Economic assessment of nematode biological control agents in a potato production model." Nematology 22, no. 7 (July 24, 2020): 771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003339.
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Summary Nematode parasitism is a yield limiting factor in many cropping systems, including potato production, which can translate into substantial economic losses. These impacted financial returns are simply calculated by subtracting the cost of production from total revenue (yield times the price per yield of potatoes). The production costs can include, but are not limited to, chemical and biological control agents. To assess economic returns associated with different nematode management strategies, we evaluated complete cost estimations for a representative commercial potato farm in central Michigan, USA. Economic returns were calculated using stochastic parameters for two biological control agents (MeloCon and Majestene), six chemical controls (Mocap, Movento, Nimitz, Velum and Vydate), and two soil amendments (poultry and dairy manure). Evaluated costs included stochastic estimations for price per unit weight of potatoes, fuel, labour and production land rent. Yield data from three field trials were used to create empirical distributions. Using yield data and stochastic cost estimations, we generated 500 simulations of net returns per treatment. The top three average returns were obtained from the use of Mocap, Nimitz and poultry manure. Velum, Movento, dairy manure and Vydate also gave returns significantly higher than no treatment at all; however, the biological nematicide, Majestene, showed negative returns. This simple financial model is a crucial layer of analysis on the performance of nematicides that can be adapted to advise growers through Agricultural Extension activities and needs to include the evaluation of biological control agents.
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Kumar, Ashwani, Sundaresha Siddappa, Vinay Bhardwaj, Dalamu, Baljeet Singh, Neha Sharma, Bhawna Dipta, Vinod Kumar, Umesh Goutam, and Salej Sood. "Generation of Asynaptic Mutants in Potato by Disrupting StDMC1 Gene Using RNA Interference Approach." Life 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010174.
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Fixing the genomic composition and multiplication through true potato seed (TPS) is an important challenge in autotetraploid potato. Disrupted meiotic cDNA (DMC1) is a meiotic gene that plays a central role in DNA recombination through crossing over in meiosis. Using the Arabidopsis DMC1 (AtDMC1) gene sequence, we retrieved Solanum tuberosum DMC1(StDMC1) from the diploid potato genome, and subsequently, sense and antisense regions of the StDMC1 gene were amplified in potato cv. Kufri Jyoti. The sense and antisense fragments were confirmed by Sanger-sequencing and cloned in the pRI101 vector. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the RNAi construct resulted in 44% transformation efficiency, and a total of 137 mutant lines were obtained. These mutant lines were further validated through pollen viability testing, and selected lines were used for gene expression analysis. The acetocarmine-based pollen staining showed reduced pollen viability ranging from 14 to 21% in four DMC1 mutant lines (DMC4-37, DMC4-41, DMC6-20, and DMC6-21), as compared to the Kufri Jyoti control plants, which on average exhibited 78% pollen viability. The phenotypic data was supported by the reduced expression of the StDMC1 gene in these four mutant lines compared to the control Kufri Jyoti. The results confirmed the generation of StDMC1 knockdown lines. This is the first report of StDMC1 mutant line generation in tetraploid potatoes and will be a step forward in generating non-recombinant mutants through sexual reproduction in potatoes.
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Thoma, Jena L., Charles L. Cantrell, and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov. "Effects of Essential Oil Fumigation on Potato Sprouting at Room-Temperature Storage." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223109.
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As a global staple, potato plays an important role in meeting human dietary needs and alleviating malnutrition. Potato sprouting during storage is a major issue that threatens food security by increasing food waste and must therefore be controlled. Biopesticides, including essential oils (EOs), have a history of use as potato sprout suppressants, and interest in their use has been renewed in response to stricter regulations on CIPC, the dominant chemical sprout suppressant over the last half-century. We evaluated twenty-one EOs as potential sprout suppressants in cv. Ranger Russet potatoes at room-temperature storage. Treatment with Artemisia herba-alba EO was the most effective at suppressing both sprout length and sprout number over a 90-day storage period. GC—MS—FID analysis of A. herba-alba EO revealed the presence of α-thujone, hexadecenoic acid, β-thujone, camphor, sabinene, and camphene at amounts >1%. Cistus ladanifer, Ocimum basilicum, Ormenis mixta, and Salvia sclarea EOs significantly reduced sprout length for shorter storage periods, whereas Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark) and Laurus nobilis EOs also significantly reduced sprout number. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) EO did not significantly suppress sprouting at room temperature. These results indicate the potential of certain EOs to be used as sprout suppressants for room-temperature potato storage, providing needed alternatives for both organic and conventional potato industries.
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Zhao, P., and J. Lüers. "Improved determination of daytime net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide at croplands." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 3 (March 14, 2012): 2883–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-2883-2012.
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Abstract. The eddy-covariance technique is applied worldwide to acquire information about carbon exchange between a variety of ecosystems and atmosphere, but the data acquisition only covers, on average, two-thirds of the whole year due to system failures and data rejection. Therefore, data must be corrected and data gaps must be filled to provide seasonal or annual budgets. The gap-filing strategies, however, are still under discussion within the research community. Presently the major gap-filling methods work quite well for long-time running sites over slow-developing biosphere surfaces such as long-living evergreen forests, but difficulties appear for short-living and fast-growing croplands. In this study we developed a new Multi-Step Error Filter procedure to gain good-quality data as input for different parameterizations of the light response function of plants for two cropland sites (rice and potatoes), and we could prove that the conventional temperature binning approach is inadequate. The presented time-window scheme showed best results with a four-day time window for the potato field and an eight-day time window for the rice field. The influence of vapor pressure deficit was tested as well, but in our case it plays a minor role at both the potato and the rice fields with the exception of the early growing stage of the potatoes. Completing our research, we suggest an innovative method by introducing a Leaf Area Index factor to capture the seasonal vegetation development. With this method we are now able to fill the large gaps between observation periods when conventional methods are invalid.
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Quandahor, Peter, Yuping Gou, Chunyan Lin, and Changzhong Liu. "Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Leaf Extract Concentration Affects Performance and Oxidative Stress in Green Peach Aphids (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Plants 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202757.
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This study was conducted to determine the aphicidal effect of a leaf extract of the Atlantic potato cultivar on the performance of green peach aphids. Three concentrations of the leaf extract (100, 75, and 50% potato extract), synthetic pesticide (Beta cypermethrin 4.5%), and distilled water (control) treatments were applied in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that the synthetic pesticide, which was used as a standard check, caused the maximum aphid mortality, followed by the 100% potato leaf extract. Compared with the other botanical treatments, the 100% extract produced low mean rates of survival, aphids’ average daily reproduction, the number of nymphs per plant, and the number of nymphs per adult. This treatment also increased the accumulation of hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-s-transferase, mixed-function oxidase, and carboxylesterase content in the green peach aphid. Moreover, the 100% extract also protected the host plants against green peach aphid attacks by demonstrating higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, above-ground fresh weight, and above-ground dry weight of the host plant. This study demonstrates that the highest concentration of potato (Atlantic cultivar) leaf extract (100% extract) could be used as the appropriate dosage for the control of green peach aphids on potatoes, which could greatly reduce the use of synthetic insecticides and promote ecosystem sustainability.
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Boiteau, G. "TIMING OF INSECTICIDE APPLICATIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY), (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON POTATOES IN NEW BRUNSWICK." Canadian Entomologist 120, no. 6 (June 1988): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent120587-6.
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AbstractDifferent insecticide spray regimes were tested in 1984, 1985, and 1986 to determine the optimal time to control the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on Russet Burbank potatoes in New Brunswick. Insecticides applied in mid-July at the peak of larval abundance when plants were entering into bloom had the greatest efficacy in controlling beetles and protecting the yield. A single insecticide application at 50% bloom was 12–17% and 82–95% more effective than one application at bloom and full growth, respectively.
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Song, Injeong, Suji Hong, and Sung Un Huh. "Identification and Expression Analysis of the Solanum tuberosum StATG8 Family Associated with the WRKY Transcription Factor." Plants 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 2858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212858.
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Autophagy is an evolutionarily well-conserved cellular catabolic pathway in eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in cellular processes. Autophagy is regulated by autophagy-associated (ATG) proteins. Among these ATG proteins, the ubiquitin-like protein ATG8/LC3 is essential for autophagosome formation and function. In this study, the potato StATG8 family showed clade I and clade II with significantly different sequences. Expression of the StATG8 family was also increased in senescence. Interestingly, the expression of the StATG8 and other core StATG genes decreased in potato tubers as the tubers matured. The StATG8 family also responded to a variety of stresses such as heat, wounding, salicylic acid, and salt stress. We also found that some Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factors interacted with the StATG8 protein in planta. Based on group II-a WRKY, StATG8-WRKY interaction is independent of the ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) or LC3 interacting region (LIR) motif. This study showed that the StATG8 family had diverse functions in tuber maturation and multiple stress responses in potatoes. Additionally, StATG8 may have an unrelated autophagy function in the nucleus with the WRKY transcription factor.
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Njoroge, J. M., and J. K. Kimemia. "Economic Benefits of Intercropping Young Arabica and Robusta Coffee with Food Crops in Kenya." Outlook on Agriculture 24, no. 1 (March 1995): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709502400107.
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As coffee prices fall, intercropping the young trees with vegetables has been suggested as a way of providing farmers with extra income as well as improving their diet. To test whether this is an economic proposition, Arabica and Robusta coffee was intercropped with various food crops at several sites in the main coffee-growing zones of Kenya. Intercropping with potatoes, tomatoes, dry beans, cabbages, carrots and soyabeans was found to be economically viable, depending on the site. Intercropping coffee with maize, sweet potatoes, groundnuts, cowpeas, garden peas and cassava was not economic, however.
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Troussieux, Sandrine, Annabelle Gilgen, and Jean-Luc Souche. "A New Biocontrol Tool to Fight Potato Late Blight Based on Willaertia magna C2c Maky Lysate." Plants 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202756.
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Potato late blight (PLB) is one of the most destructive disease affecting potatoes. Late blight control relies almost exclusively on the use of chemical pesticides, including copper products, which are efficient but controversial due to their environmental toxicity. Societal pressure and the quest for more sustainable agriculture reinforce the need for natural plant protection products. To respond to this demand, we tested the lysate of the amoeba Willaertia magna C2c Maky on PLB. This active substance exhibits plant protection properties against grape downy mildew thanks to a dual mode of action (plant elicitor and antifungal direct effect). We hypothesized that this active substance might also have an effect against other diseases caused by oomycetes on other crops, such as potato. In vitro, in planta, and in-field studies were conducted. The collected data demonstrate that the lysate of the amoeba Willaertia magna C2c Maky is able to elicit potato defenses, and direct fungicidal activity against Phytophtora infestans was observed. Proof of efficacy was first obtained in greenhouse, with up to 80% disease reduction, and confirmed in field trials. Formulated products provided up to 77% protection in field in the case of low infestation (28%) and up to 49% protection when the untreated plants were 100% destroyed. Willaertia magna C2c Maky was also able to significantly increase yield by up to 30% in field trials.
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Keller, MA, and PA Horne. "Sources of Host-Location Cues for the Parasitic Wasp Orgilus-Lepidus (Braconidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 4 (1993): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930335.
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The responses of the parasitic wasp Orgilus lepidus to potato plants infested by its host Phthorimae, operculella were investigated. Wasps flew to both undamaged and mechanically damaged potatoes when they were presented alone in a flight tunnel, indicating that the odour of potato alone is attractive to them. When given a choice, females flew preferentially to either mechanically damaged plants or to plants infested by P. operculella rather than to intact plants. Thus, when O. lepidus is searching for hosts, it first flies toward the odour of plants, especially those that are damaged. There was no difference in the behaviour of wasps on either undamaged or mechanically damaged potato leaves, but they spent considerably more time probing with their ovipositor on leaves infested by their host. Wasps responded similarly to leaves infested with hosts and leaves from which hosts were removed, indicating that plant damage caused by their host or host products are the primary cues used to discriminate different kinds of damage.
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Ragályi, Péter, Tünde Takács, Anna Füzy, Nikolett Uzinger, Péter Dobosy, Gyula Záray, Nóra Szűcs-Vásárhelyi, and Márk Rékási. "Effect of Se-Enriched Irrigation Water on the Biomass Production and Elemental Composition of Green Bean, Cabbage, Potato and Tomato." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102086.
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Additional Selenium (Se) intake may be recommended in areas of Se deficiency to prevent various human diseases. One possibility for this is biofortification. In this experiment, the effect of irrigation water containing 100 and 500 µg L−1 Se, in the form of Na2SeO4, on green bean, cabbage, potato and tomato was investigated in a greenhouse pot experiment with sand, silty sand and silt soils. The chlorophyll content index was usually improved by Se and was significantly higher in potato in sand and silty sand and in tomato in silty sand and silt soils. The Se content of edible plant parts increased 63-fold in the 100 µg L−1 Se treatment and almost 400-fold in the 500 µg L−1 Se treatment, averaged over the four species and the three soils. Irrigation water with a Se content of 100 µg L−1 may be suitable for the production of functional food in the case of green beans, potatoes and tomatoes. However, due to its greater Se accumulation, cabbage should only be irrigated with a lower Se concentration. The use of Se-enriched irrigation water might be a suitable method for Se biofortification without a significant reduction in plant biomass production and without a remarkable modification of other macro- and microelement contents.
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Gillis, G. B. "EVOLVING COUCH-POTATOES AND ENDURANCE ATHLETES." Journal of Experimental Biology 206, no. 5 (March 1, 2003): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00150.
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Cooper, Susannah G., David S. Douches, and Edward J. Grafius. "Combining genetic engineering and traditional breeding to provide elevated resistance in potatoes to Colorado potato beetle." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 112, no. 1 (July 2004): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00182.x.
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