Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Potatoes Ecology'

Darbo objektas – bulvės, užaugintos chemizuotame ir ekologiniame fonuose Marijampolės apskrityje, Vilkaviškio rajone, Bambinių kaime. Darbo tikslas - Palyginti bulvių veisles, išaugintas chemizuotame(tręštame mineralinėmis trašomis) ir ekologiniame (tręštame organinėmis trąšomis) fonuose derliaus dydį ir juslines savybes. Darbo metodas. Tyrimai buvo atlikti 2006 m. balandžio - rugsėjo mėnesiais. Sėkla buvo apie 20 d. padaiginta šviesioje bei šiltoje patalpoje. Fonas paruoštas lauko bandymams. Įdirbtus laukus pavasarį ekologiniame fone tręšta tik mėšlu, o chemizuotame fone patręšta specialomis subalansuotomis bulvėms skirtomis trąšomis. Stebėtas bulvių vystymasis ir augimas visą vegetaciją. Tyrimai buvo vykdomi lauko bandymų metodu..Baigus vegetacijai, bulvės buvo kasamos ir sveriamos. Nustatyta 1 bulvių kero masė g, bei suskaičiuotas gumbų skaičius vnt. Iškasta kiekvienos veislės po 10 bulvių kerų. Gumbų masė nustatyta svėrimo metodu. 2007m. vasario mėn. visoms bulvių veislėms buvo atlikta juslinė analizė. Ekologiškai ir chemizuotai augintų bulvių gumbai virti vienodomis sąlygomis: kiekviena bulvių veislė atskiruose puoduose, su lupyna, be druskos. Virimo trukmė apie 30 min. Degustacijos metodas aprobuotas ir taikomas LŽI selekcininkų, išvedant veisles. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad tręšiant mineralinėmis trąšomis bulves, derlingiausia buvo ‘Vinetos‘ veislė, o tręšiant tik mėšlu bulves, derlingiausia buvo ‘Vitaros‘, Quartos‘ veislės. Geriausiu skoniu pasižymėjo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The object of labour- the potatoes which has been raise up in chemistry and ecology setting in Marijampole District of Vilkaviskis in Bambinys village. The objective of labour- to compare the harvest size and quality of taste of the potatoes breeds which has been raised up in intense and chemistry setting. Method of work-the Research has been done in April-September of 2007. The seed. was germinate about 20 days at light and worm premises. The set was prepared for field experiment. In a spring the cultivate fields has been fertiled ecology set just by dung and in chemistry set just by special fertile which was balanced to potatoes. Has been observe the potatoes evolution and vegetation. The research has been done by the outdoor experiment. At the end of vegetation the potatoes been mined and weight. Was maked the weigth of one potatoes scrub (g) and counted unite of scrubs. From every breed was mined 10 unit of scrubs. The tubers weight determined by the weight method. In February of 2007 to every potatoes strains has been done savour. The tubers which has been raised up in ecology and intense setting been boiled on the same conditions: the each potatoes breed had boiled in separate pots with skin and without salt. The boil duration was about half an hour. The method of savour been created and apllyed by the LZI Selectors to do selections of breeds. The results of experiment showed that when potatoes been raised up intense the mostly harvest been ‘Vinetos’ Strain... [to full text]

Magistro darbe tiriama trąšų įtaka vidutinio ankstyvumo bulvių ‘Laura’ kokybei ir derliui. Darbo objektas – bulvės, užaugintos chemizuotame ir ekologiniame fonuose, Šiaulių apskrityje, Radviliškio rajone, Raudondvario gyvenvietėje.. Darbo tikslas – palyginti mėšlo, komposto, biohumuso, ekologiškų trąšų „Activit“ ir mineralinių sintetinių trąšų „YARA MILA“ įtaką vidutinio ankstyvumo bulvėms ‘Laura’. Darbo metodai – LŽŪU Aplinkotyros laboratorijoje nustatyti elektrocheminiai (rūgštingumas – šarmingumas (pH), absoliutusis redokso potencialas (rH) ir savitasis elektrinis laidis(γ)) bei cheminiai (C vitamino kiekis) rodikliai. Skaičiuojami bulvių gumbai, stiebų aukštis ir skaičius, bulvių derlius. Visos įterptos trąšos prilygintos prie vienodo azoto kiekio (30 kg/ha). Tyrimų duomenys apdoroti matematiniais – statistiniais metodais. Duomenų grupavimui ir statistinei jų analizei atlikti buvo naudota kompiuterinė Microsoft Excel programa. Darbo rezultatai. Atlikus tyrimus įvertinta trąšų įtaka vidutinio ankstyvumo bulvėms ‘Laura’ ir gauti tokie rezultatai: bulvių derlius, gumbų skaičius, stiebų aukštis, stiebų skaičius didžiausias buvo tręšiant bulves sintetinėmis mineralinėmis trąšomis „YARA MILA“. Lyginant tik ekologiškas trąšas, didžiausias derlius, gumbų skaičius, stiebų skaičius buvo tręšiant ekologiškomis trąšomis „Activit“, mažiausias derlius gautas tręšiant mėšlo kompostu. Žemiausi stiebai gauti tręšiant biohumusu, stiebų skaičius patikimai mažesnis buvo kompostu tręštų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Master's thesis investigated the influence of fertilizer medium early potatoes 'Laura' quality and yields. The object of work - potatoes grown in chemical and organic fertilization, in Radviliškis district, Raudondvaris village. The objective of work - the manure, compost, biohumus, organic fertilizer "Activity " and synthetic mineral fertilizers “YARA MILA" on medium early potatoes 'Laura'. Method of work - in LŽŪU Environmental Laboratory was observed electrochemical (acidity -alkalinity (pH), the absolute redox potential (rH) and electrical conductivity (γ)) and chemical (C vitamin content) characteristics. Calculating the potato tuber, stem heigh and number, and potato yield. All fertilizers equate at equal quantity of nitrogen (30 kg / ha). Research data processing mathematics - statistical methods. Data grouping and the statistical analysis was used in Microsoft Excel computer program. Results of work – investigations to assess the influence of fertilizer medium early potato ‘Laura’ and the following results: potato yield, tuber number, stalk height, stalk number was the largest potatoes fertilized with the mineral synthetic fertilizers “YARA MILA”. Compared the organic fertilizer only, the maximum yield, tuber number, stem density was fertilized with organic fertilizer “Activit”, the lowest yield was obtained due to the application of manure compost. The lowest stem was fertilized with biohumus, stem density significantly lower in compost fertilized potato... [to full text]

Darbo objektas – ekologiškai auginamos bulvės, kuriose pasireiškia kolorado vabalai. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti pušų ir gvazdikėlių ekstraktų poveikį kolorado vabalams bulvių pasėliuose. Darbo metodai – tyrimas buvo vykdomas 2007 m.. Bulvių sėkla daiginta 20 dienų šviesioje ir šiltoje patalpoje. Bandymas buvo įrengtas sodo sklypelyje. Pavasarį žemė įdirbta kastuvu. Mėšlas įterptas kastuvu 40 t ha-1 norma. Bulvių veislė „Rosela“. Pasodinta rankomis išmėtant bulves į padarytas vagutes. Bandymo bulvės buvo suskirstytos po dvi vagas purkšti ekstraktais, ir kontrolei. Purkšta pušų ir gvazdikėlių ekstraktų tirpalais. Dėl meteorologinių sąlygų (lietaus) bulvės jau buvo 10 – 15 cm kai pasirodė pirmieji kolorado vabalai. Po purškimų buvo stebima ar sumažėjo kolorado vabalų ir vertinama koks ekstraktas labiausiai paveikė kolorado vabalus. Nukasus bulves jų gumbai buvo sveriami. Nustatyta vidutinė vieno bulvių kero gumbų masė gramais, bei vidutinis gumbų skaičius vienetais. Purškiant buvo naudojami skydai, kad apsaugoti kitus variantus. Gumbų masė nustatyta svėrimo metodu. Purkštų pušų ir gvazdikėlių ekstraktų tirpalais bulvių derlius buvo lyginamas su kontroliniu variantu. Prieš pradedant vykdyti tyrimus, gegužės mėnesį buvo bandoma, kurią koncentraciją pasirinkti tolimesniams tyrimams (dėl vietos stokos ir bandymų vykdymo sudėtingumo). Preliminarūs tyrimai buvo atliekami dvejose vietose: Vokėje ir Šilalėje. Prieita nuomonės, kad 1% koncentracijos tirpalai mažai efektingi. Tuo tarpu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Object of work – cultivation of ecologic potatoes, in which was found colorado beetles. Purpose of work – to estimate pine and clove extracts influence for pest (colorado beetles) into potatoes crops. Methods of work – the research had been conducting at 2007 y.. The seed of potatoes was cultivating in brightly and warm place for twenty days. The test was made in plot of garden. The soil was diged by spade on springtime. Manure was spread by spade 40 t. to hectare norm. The sort of potatoes „Rosela“. The potatoes was plant into furrows by hands. The researching potatoes was plant into to furrow, for sprinkling by extracts and for control. The potatoes was sprinkled by pine and clove extracts. Because of rain potatoes already was 10-15 cm. high, when appear first pests. After sprinkling was looking, if populiation of insects decrease, and testing which of extratcs was more effective. After potaoes gathering, it was weigh. Was find out a average weight of one potatoes growth bush, and average number of potatoes into bush. Was used screen to protect other rows of potato. The weight of lumps was found by weigh method. The harvest of sprinkled potatoes was compare with control rows. Before tests, was testing which concentration of extract to choose for research ( because of shortage of time, and complication of research). The research have been done in to place: Voke and Silale. I come to concliusion that 1% concentration extract aren‘t efective... [to full text]

A synthetic route to 2-aminobutane (2-AB) was developed, which enabled the synthesis of specifically and uniformly 14C labelled 2-AB to be carried out. 14C labelling was employed as a means of detecting 2-aminobutane in tuber tissue samples. An analytical technique, based on acid extraction and scintillation counting, was developed for the determination of 2-AB residues in potato tubers. This allowed studies to be carried out on various factors influencing the efficiency of fumigation of potato tubers with 2-aminobutane. Using C 2-AB and a specially constructed small scale fumigation chamber, an investigation into the absorption and penetration of 2-AB into tubers was undertaken. The rate and extent of 2-AB absorption were studied, and also the effect of initial fumigant concentration and length of exposure period, on the final 2-AB residues in tubers. The depth of penetration was shown to be limited to the first 1 cm of tissue indicating that after initial absorption, the amine is firmly bound at or near the tuber surface. Thin layer chromatography of extracts from fumigated tubers,provided evidence which suggested that 2-AB is not metabolised by the tubers during the storage period. Damaged tubers were shown to absorb higher levels of 2-AB, and the effect of wound healing at different temperatures, prior to fumigation, was demonstrated. The preferential uptake of 2-aminobutane through tuberlenticels was highlighted as a possible cause of tuberto tuber variation in 2-AB residues. Studies showed that there was no appreciable loss of 2-AB from fumigated tubers during the storage period, and that transfer of 2-AB from tuber to tuber during air recirculation was very limited. The absorption of 2-AB by soil, straw and wood,was examined and identified as a likely sink for the amine fumigant, and this could contribute to the low 2-AB residues recorded for some commercial fumigations. A comparison of the antifungal activity of the optical isomers of 2-aminobutane, confirmed that the R-(-)- enantiomer was more active than the corresponding S-(+)- isomer, or racemic mixture, against the fungi responsible for gangrene and skin spot in potato tubers.

A crescente demanda por batata e outras hortaliças cultivadas organicamente no Brasil representa uma importante oportunidade e um desafio para os produtores orgânicos. Na atualidade, é limitado o esforço de pesquisa enfocando fertilização, adaptação de cultivares e manejo de pragas e doenças para sistemas orgânicos de cultivo da batata. Em geral, a produtividade na produção orgânica de batata é baixa em comparação a obtida no sistema convencional, devido à cultura estar sujeita à inúmeras pragas, doenças e distúrbios fisiológicos. Como não existem no mercado cultivares adaptadas especificamente ao sistema orgânico, os produtores utilizam cultivares européias e norte-americanas desenvolvidas para o sistema convencional de cultivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, sob sistema de cultivo orgânico, cultivares nacionais e estrangeiras desenvolvidas para o cultivo convencional, quanto ao potencial produtivo e qualidade, em condições de campo, sujeitas ao ataque de pragas e doenças. Os experimentos foram conduzidos, em 2007 e 2008, em dois locais: a) Estação Experimental Agroecológica do Pólo Regional do Leste Paulista/APTA, em Monte Alegre do Sul - SP, b) Sítio Orgânico Pereiras, em Socorro - SP. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram das cultivares Agata, Apuã (IAC-5977), Aracy (IAC-2), Asterix, Caesar, Catucha (Epagri-361), Cupido, Éden, IAC Aracy Ruiva, Itararé (IAC-5986), Melody, Monte Alegre 172, Novella e Vivaldi, além dos clones avançados IAC 6090 (Ibituaçú), APTA 16.5, APTA 15.20 e APTA 21.54. Em cada experimento foram incluídas, pelo menos, 10 cultivares. As demais cultivares e clones avançados foram incluídos, pelo menos, em um experimento. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: produtividade total e comercial, números total e comercial de tubérculos, teor de matéria seca, açúcares redutores e totais, resistência à requeima (Phytophthora infestans) e à pintapreta (Alternaria solani). Em 2007, em Monte Alegre do Sul, as cultivares Apuã (14,32 t ha-1), Monte Alegre 172 (13,44 t ha-1), e o clone Ibituaçú (12,75 t ha-1) apresentaram os rendimentos mais elevados. No mesmo ano, em Socorro, Ibituaçú (21,27 t ha-1) apresentou o maior rendimento entre os genótipos avaliados. Em 2008, em Monte Alegre do Sul, os clones APTA 16.5 (24,25 t ha-1), APTA 21.54 (23,21 t ha-1) e Ibituaçú (20,19 t ha-1), e as cultivares Cupido (18,03 t ha-1), Apuã (17,08 t ha-1), Itararé (16,66 t ha-1), e Monte Alegre 172 (16,18 t ha-1) mostraram as maiores produtividades. No mesmo ano, em Socorro, APTA 16.5 (21,02 t ha-1), APTA 21.54 (19,28 t ha-1), Ibituaçú (19,88 t ha-1), e Apuã (18,72 t ha-1) mostraram excelente desempenho para rendimento. Os teores de matéria seca e de açúcares redutores para todos os genótipos avaliados mostraram, respectivamente, valores maiores e menores em relação aos encontrados na literatura. APTA 16.5, Apuã, Aracy, Aracy Ruiva, Éden, Ibituaçú e Monte Alegre 172 apresentaram de moderado a elevado nível de tolerância à pinta-preta, apresentando poucos ou ausência de sintomas da doença. Apuã, Aracy, Catucha, Ibituaçú e Monte Alegre 172 mostraram elevado nível de resistência à requeima.
An increasing demand for organic potato and other vegetable crops in Brazil represent a considerable opportunity and a challenge for organic growers. So far, limited research has been conducted on organic potato production in Brazil pertaining to fertilization, cultivar adaptation, and pest management for organic potato systems. Yields in organic potato production are usually lower than in conventional production systems, because the crop is subject to many pests and physiological disorders. Furthermore, potato cultivars adapted to organic systems are unavailable in the market. Thus, European and North American cultivars developed for conventional crops that have high yielding potential and tolerance to the most limiting diseases and physiological disorders are used by the organic growers. The aim of this study was to evaluate under organic production on-farming conditions, potato cultivars bred in Brazil and abroad adapted for conventional growing systems, in terms of yield potential and qualities. The experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008, in two locations: a) Agro-ecological Experimental Station of the Polo Regional do Leste Paulista/APTA, in Monte Alegre do Sul - SP County; b) Pereiras agro-ecological farm, Socorro-SP County. A randomized block experimental design was adopted with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the cultivars Agata, Apuã (IAC-5977), Aracy (IAC-2), Asterix, Caesar, Catucha (Epagri- 361), Cupido, Éden, IAC Aracy Ruiva, Itararé (IAC-5986), Melody, Monte Alegre 172, Novella, and Vivaldi, in addition to the advanced clones IAC 6090 (Ibituaçú), APTA 16.5, APTA 15.20 and APTA 21.54. In each experiment there were trialed at least 10 cultivars. The other cultivars or advanced clones were included at least in one experiment. The following parameters were evaluated: total and commercial yield, total and commercial number of tubers, dry matter content, reducing and total sugars, severity of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and early blight (Alternaria solani). In 2007, in Monte Alegre do Sul, the cultivars Apuã (14.32 t ha-1), Monte Alegre, 172 (13.44 t ha-1), and Ibituaçú (12.75 t ha-1) displayed the highest yield performance. In the same year, in Socorro, Ibituaçú (21.27 t ha-1) exhibited the highest yield among trialed cultivars. In 2008, in Monte Alegre do Sul the advanced clones APTA 16.5 (24.25 t ha-1), APTA 21.54 (23.21 t ha-1), Ibituaçú (20.19 t ha-1), and cultivars Cupido (18.03 t ha-1), Apuã (17.08 t ha-1), Itararé (16.66 t ha-1), and Monte Alegre 172 (16.18 t ha-1) showed high yielding performance. In the same year, in Socorro, the treatments APTA 16.5 (21.02 t ha-1), APTA 21.54 (19.28 t ha-1), Ibituaçú (19.88 t ha-1), and Apuã (18.72 t ha-1) showed outstanding yield performance. The dry matter and reducing sugars in all genotypes showed higher and lower, respectively, in relation to those found in the literature. APTA 16.5, Apuã, Aracy, Aracy Ruiva, Éden, Ibituaçú and Monte Alegre 172 exhibited moderate to high level of field tolerance to early blight, displaying few or absence of the disease symptoms. ´Apuã, Aracy, Catucha, Ibituaçú and Monte Alegre 172 showed the highest level of resistance to late blight.

碩士
康寧大學
資訊傳播研究所
103
The aim of this study is to investigate tourists’ perspective on experiential marketing while visiting. The participants were the tourists visiting . This study was conducted mainly by using a survey design. The questionnaires of this study were derived from relevant information in the literature review which defined experience of experiential marketing consisting of sensing, feeling, thinking, acting and relating to Ecomuseum, and the interviews with the Kua Kua Yuan owner and employees. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20(SPSS20) was used to compute all quantitative data analyses. Statistical tests included descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way ANOVA.The findings revealed that 1) the item “I think the Kua Kua Yuan provided detailed explanations & navigation service” reached the highest scores in sensing section ; 2) the item emphasizing on “I think the affable attitude of the Kua Kua Yuan's staff is satisfactory while they guided tourists” got the highest scores in feeling section; 3) the item “I think it is helpful to understand the unique nutritional value of sweet potatoes by visiting Kua Kua Yuan” got the highest scores in thinking section; 4) the item “I think the family experience activities in Kua Kua Yuan should be designed more” reported the highest score in acting section; 5) the item “I think the Kua Kua Yuan should develop innovative & special health food” reported the highest score in relating section. This study is expected to contribute to the experiential marketing strategies which can meet both leisure and educational needs and develop uniqueness and creativity of tourist factory managers.

In the past 10 years we have witnessed the beginnings of the study of soil ecology as a unified science, and the general realization by soil scientists, farmers, and land managers that many of the most important economic aspects of soil health are controlled by biological factors. This research focuses on alterations in a tropical soil microarthropod community under differing intensive agricultural protocols: native vegetation, pastures and cropland, during June, July and August 1998. The effect of pesticides in potato cultivation was also studied. In the Ecuadorean montane forest, 361 morphospecies of soil arthropods, were classified during the three sampling months. August was the month with highest abundance and diversity. Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola, Diptera and Homoptera were the most abundant orders present in all the three types of land management. The native vegetation had the most abundant and diverse representation of all soil arthropod taxa compared to the pastures and croplands. Coleoptera, Diptera, Diplopoda, Diplura and Hemiptera were significantly more diverse in native vegetation than in pastures and croplands. The most abundant functional groups were the fungivores, herbivores and predators. The abundance of functional groups was significantly higher in the native vegetation for predators, herbivores and detritivores. 115 morphospecies of soil arthropods were identified in the study of arthropod response to pesticides in a complete randomized potato plot. Seasonal effects were documented for Acari, Collembola, Diptera, and Homoptera. Predators were most abundant in July and fungivores decreased in September. Neither arthropod orders nor functional groups showed a significant change in abundance between different treatments. Only Homoptera showed an increase in its abundance in the third sampling date and only in the Antracol plots. The potato plants in the whole block showed poor productivity, suggesting that the whole system was stressed by the fungal pest.
Graduation date: 2000

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a serious pest of potatoes and other solanaceous crops in North America and Europe. Reliance on chemical control has induced pesticide resistance, necessitating alternative management strategies based primarily on biological and cultural tactics. Better knowledge of this insect's movement, particularly its flight, could aid greatly in developing cultural controls. Computer-linked flight mills were used to study flight of overwintered and summer-generation female CPB fed in the laboratory on seven different solanaceous plant species. Over 30 days, flight was greatest with starved overwintered females three to six days postemergence. Flight for the overwintered generation was negatively related to desirability of food, as measured by larval success. Flight for summer females, and fecundity for both generations, was positively related to food desirability. Starved females laid virtually no eggs; starved summer females did not fly. Flight and fecundity of individual females were not related within treatments. Field investigations examined adult immigration to the same plant species over time and space, the distribution of overwintering adults, and disruption of their spring colonization to nonrotated potato crops. Recruitment to plots placed either near or far from potato crops showed that long-distance flight was primarily by starved overwintered adults, and also by fed first summer-generation adults. Two periods of short-distance dispersal occurred with older overwintered adults, and before diapause. Results suggest that the value of crop rotation depends on site-specific factors, not just the distance to overwintering sites or current-year potato crops. Overwintering distribution was studied at three sites over two years. CPB concentrated within woody borders, averaging 60-200/m$\sp2$ in these areas before winter, compared to 8-13/m$\sp2$ within potato fields. Mortality was higher in fields than in borders, and greater near the ground surface. Only 15-44% of live beetles were in potato fields. In experiments with small plots, colonization of fields from woody borders was disrupted by a trap crop, either treated with pesticide or collected daily. Simulation models suggest that this colonization disruption tactic could significantly reduce pesticide applications and eliminate the need for disruptive treatments against adult beetles.