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1
You, M. P., P. Simoneau, A. Dongo, M. J. Barbetti, Hua Li, and K. Sivasithamparam. "First Report of an Alternaria Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria brassicae on Crambe abyssinicia in Australia." Plant Disease 89, no. 4 (April 2005): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0430a.
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Crambe abyssinicia Hochst. is grown sporadically worldwide for its value as a source of high erucic acid industrial oils and secondary commercial products. While there is increasing interest in cropping C. abyssinicia in Australia, for these potentials and also as a source of oil for biodiesel production, currently, there have been no commercial crops of this species. In September 2004, inspection of a small experimental field crop in Beverley, Western Australia indicated the presence of significant leaf spotting just prior to commencement of flowering. The symptoms of this disease included as many as 10 to 15 spot lesions per leaf that were generally rounded and varied between 0.5 to 11 mm in diameter. Clusters of these lesions were often associated with chlorosis of the region of leaves where they occurred. More than 95% of plants inspected showed these symptoms. When affected leaves were incubated in moist chambers, typical conidia of Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. were observed. The description of these conidia matched that of the Commonwealth Mycological Institute for this pathogen (1) showing obclavate conidia 105 to 210 μm long and 20 to 30 μm thick, with 11 to 15 transverse septa and 0 to 3 longitudinal or oblique septa, predominantly with a pronounced beak 5 to 8 μm thick extending 0.3 to 0.5 μm of the length of the conidium. Single-spore isolations were made onto potato dextrose agar. Subcultures of these isolates were identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- based assay (2). This assay involved the use of two sets of A. brassicae-specific primers selected for conventional and real-time PCR. The colonies were confirmed to belong to A. brassicae. In a pathogenicity test to confirm Koch's postulates, single-spore isolates were inoculated onto cotyledons and leaves of 10-day-old C. abyssinicia seedlings. Symptoms on inoculated plants appeared within a period of 14 days of inoculation, matching those found on the affected plants in the field, and A brassicae was reisolated. A. brassicae causes an important worldwide disease of crucifers, for example, it can be a devastating disease of rapeseed and the other cruciferous crops in the United States and Canada. Since A. brassicae has already been reported on other species of crucifers Australia-wide, it may pose a threat to any potential Crambe spp. industry in this country. References: (1) M. B. Ellis No. 162 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, England, 1966. (2) T. Guillemette et al. Plant Dis. 88:490, 2004.
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Hobbs, Jill E., and William A. Kerr. "Trends in Western Canada's Potato Industry." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 45, no. 4 (December 1997): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1997.tb02168.x.
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van Sant, V. "THE CARNATION INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 216 (December 1987): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.216.4.
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Meaton, M. "OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98002.
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The oil and gas production sector in Western Australia has grown dramatically in recent years and now represents the largest resource sector in the State economy. The industry has a very promising future but it faces a number of challenges if it is to achieve its full potential. Its production location in remote parts of the State confers both advantages and disadvantages. Chief among the disadvantages is the challenge of convincing the community and government of the benefits from the industry when many of those benefits are not apparent to the majority of the population. The emphasis in this paper is on economic impacts, social benefits and community attitudes.WA has produced about 820 million barrels of oil and 2000 million barrels of natural gas when gas is calculated in energy equivalent terms. Petroleum energy production has increased dramatically over the last 15 years and the State is now a substantial energy exporter. Petroleum sources provide the energy for over 85% of the final energy used in the State. Total industry investment over the last 18 years has been nearly $21,000 million for an average of $3.2 million each day. Direct employment by petroleum companies is around 2,500 people with flow-on employment in the services sector estimated at over 17,000 people. Petroleum companies have been major contributors to government revenue and to the development of remote regions in WA.
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Johnstone, R. M., and F. Shan. "Chinese jujube industry takes root in Western Australia." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1116 (April 2016): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1116.5.
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Evans, R. "GAS-BASED INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA—REAL OPPORTUNITIES." APPEA Journal 41, no. 2 (2001): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00059.
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There has been a tendency in recent years for equity markets and the general public to move their interest away from resource development. The focus on gas development has also suffered, as attention has shifted to the so-called ‘new economy’.Gas development in Western Australia is more than ever a jewel in the future economic crown of the State and nation.Gas development offers a real opportunity based on real economics and real comparative advantage. This argument is supported by analysis of the comparative strengths and weaknesses influencing the development of gas-based projects in Western Australia.The paper also identifies where and how this development might occur.
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Clarke, J. D. "NATIVE TITLE AND THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96035.
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This paper explains the claimant and the future act processes of the Commonwealth Native Title Act and their operation in Western Australia, particularly in relation to petroleum titles. It then outlines the WA Government's response and future directives, focussing on the amendments needed to produce workable native title legislation.
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Duarte Alonso, Abel. "Marron farming in Western Australia: scope and constraints." British Food Journal 112, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701011011218.
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PurposeMarron farming in Western Australia has existed for decades. However, to what extent do marron growers see potential in this industry in ways that include expanding into hospitality and tourism? The purpose of this paper is to examine this dimension from a group of 26 marron growers.Design/methodology/approachThe limited knowledge on marron farming from an academic, industry, as well as from operators' perspective is a critical factor in choosing a qualitative approach in this paper in the form of telephone and face‐to‐face interviews.FindingsOverall, there is an agreement among respondents about the significant commercial potential of marron farming. However, the dilemma of satisfying increasing demand for marron is acknowledged, as well as resulting problems, for instance, in the form of greed and lack of unity among some growers.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the low number of respondents may not be sufficient to make generalisations of the marron farming industry, this paper proposes an overview into an unexplored industry, and provides useful insights into a niche market.Practical implicationsIncreased demand for marron in both national and international markets presents opportunities for local operators and the future of marron farming. At the same time, a balance must be maintained in order to preserve natural resources and the industry's sustainability.Originality/valueDespite its demand and potential, to date very limited research has been conducted on marron farming, particularly studying the links between marron, hospitality and tourism, as well as marron growers' points of views on this industry. This exploratory paper contributes to narrowing the existing knowledge gap on these dimensions.
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Mariana, Mohamad Chikh-Ali, Steven B. Johnson, Stewart M. Gray, Nellie Malseed, Nigel Crump, and Alexander V. Karasev. "The Recombinant Potato virus Y (PVY) Strain, PVYNTN, Identified in Potato Fields in Victoria, Southeastern Australia." Plant Disease 104, no. 12 (December 2020): 3110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-20-0961-sc.
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Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the main viruses affecting potato in Australia. However, molecular characterization of PVY isolates circulating in potato in different states of Australia has not yet been thoroughly conducted. Only nonrecombinant isolates of three biological PVY strains collected from potato were reported previously from Western Australia and one from Queensland. Here, PVY isolates collected from seed potato originating in Victoria, Australia, and printed on FTA cards, were subjected to strain typing by RT-PCR, with three isolates subjected to whole genome sequencing. All the 59 PVY isolates detected during two growing seasons were identified to be recombinants based on two RT-PCR assays. No nonrecombinant PVY isolates were identified. All the RT-PCR typed isolates belonged to the PVYNTN strain. Sequence analysis of the whole genomes of three isolates suggested a single introduction of the PVYNTN strain to Australia but provided no clues as to where this introduction originated. Given the association of the PVYNTN strain with potato tuber damage, growers in Australia should implement appropriate strategies to manage PVYNTN in potato.
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Williams, K. G., and R. W. Fraser. "State Taxation of the Iron Ore Industry in Western Australia." Australian Economic Review 18, no. 1 (April 1985): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1985.tb00477.x.
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Preston, Alison, and Elisa Birch. "The Western Australian wage structure and gender wage gap: A post-mining boom analysis." Journal of Industrial Relations 60, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 619–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618791589.
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Whilst there is a large literature on the determinant of wages in Australia, relatively few studies have examined the determinants of wages at a state level. In this article, we present a study of the determinants of earnings in Western Australia, a state that experienced rapid growth during the mining boom of 2003–2013. We show that the relatively stronger wage growth in Western Australia since 2001 is the product of both compositional and price effects. We also report on the Western Australia and rest of Australia gender wage gaps. Our decomposition analysis of the mean gender wage gap shows that industry effects (as a result of gender segmentation across industry) account for a much larger share of the Western Australia gender wage gap than they do elsewhere in Australia, with the mining, construction and transport sectors driving the industry effects. Using quantile analysis we show that, relative to the rest of Australia, the Western Australia gender wage gaps are larger at both the bottom and the top of the wage distribution. At the median the Western Australia gender wage gap, at 2014–2016, is on par with that prevailing elsewhere in Australia, with women in both groups earning 10% less than their male counterparts, all else held equal.
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Poniman, Delma, Sharon Purchase, and Joanne Sneddon. "Traceability systems in the Western Australia halal food supply chain." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 27, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 324–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-05-2014-0082.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence and implementation of traceability systems in the Western Australian (WA) Halal food industry. In particular, to understand how individuals in facilitating organizations perceive the Halal idea logic and the benefits that a traceability system can provide to the Halal food processing industry. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical qualitative approach was employed to examine these issues utilizing in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was carried out using Leximancer software. Findings – Findings suggest that individual’s perception of Halal idea logic is aligned to the roles they perform. These perceptions were impacted by the specific objectives or business interests of each organization. Facilitating organizations also perceive that traceability systems are a strategic tool in the Halal food processing industry. Practical implications – The research provides insights into how to improve existing understanding of the Halal idea logic within Halal food business networks and the benefits of implementing traceability systems in Halal food production. Joint activity between firms creates a network effect, where the value created is greater than that which the firms alone can create. Originality/value – Though traceability systems have become increasingly popular in the food industry, little research has been undertaken to understand how individuals in facilitating organizations perceive these systems, particularly in the growing Halal food industry. Hence, the study contributes to the literature of traceability studies and the area of change and process adaptation in business relationships in the context of halal food production.
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De Boer, S. H., and T. L. DeHaan. "Absence of Potato spindle tuber viroid within the Canadian Potato Industry." Plant Disease 89, no. 8 (August 2005): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0910a.
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Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) causes a serious disease of potato, affecting yield and tuber quality. To control the disease, the Canadian seed certification program maintains a zero tolerance for the disease and a requirement that all nuclear stock, the micropropagated plantlets from which each lot of seed potatoes is initiated, is tested using reverse polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (rPAGE) to ensure freedom from PSTVd. Moreover, seed potato fields are visually inspected during two or more annual field inspections for the presence of PSTVd and viruses. Symptoms of PSTVd have not been observed during field inspections for at least the last 25 years. Prior to 1989, seed potato stocks in the provinces of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick were tested using rPAGE and nucleic acid dot blot hybridization for the presence of the viroid, and no infections were found (1). Similar surveys for PSTVd in Canada's western provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan also failed to detect the viroid (2). During 2000–2004, the PSTVd survey was extended to the provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland in which 211, 188, 95, 6, and 10 samples, respectively, were collected. Each sample consisted of 400 randomly selected leaves from selected potato fields representing seed lots registered in one of the four Elite seed classes or in the Foundation and Certified classes, except for a small number of samples (11%) that were from commercial nonseed fields. Leaves were tested using the dot blot procedure in composites of 50 leaves as described (2). Approximately 10% of the samples were retested using rPAGE followed by northern blotting to confirm dot blot results. All dot blot and rPAGE/northern blot results were negative for PSTVd. The cumulative results of the PSTVd surveys in all 10 Canadian provinces and the absence of the disease in the field as determined by annual visual inspection meets the International Standards of Phytosanitary Measures for the Requirements for the Establishment of Pest Free Areas (3). Hence, Canada declares that PSTVd is absent within its potato industry. A similar declaration was made by the United States recently on the basis of similar field inspection and survey data (4). References: (1) D. Coates-Milne. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 37:130, 1989. (2) S. H. De Boer et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 24:372, 2002. (3) FAO. ISPM Pub. No. 4, 1996. (4) M. Sun et al. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:227, 2004.
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Ronalds, B. F. "WESTERN AUSTRALIA—A TECHNOLOGY BASE FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00046.
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Oil and gas production is characterised by a truly international industry, and yet a unique local environment. Solutions developed elsewhere cannot always be imported directly for Australian use. For this reason alone, a strong local technology base is of value to the Australian oil and gas industry. Other benefits include the ability to provide high quality education and training for people entering, and already in, the industry.A case study is described where the Western Australian technology base is facilitating solutions to a specific challenge faced on the North West Shelf (NWS); namely, that the criteria for reliable development and operation of its offshore infrastructure for oil and gas production are more severe than other petroleum provinces, requiring new analytical tools to be developed.
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Pearson, Michael. "Archaeological interpretation and ethnographic analogy: the lime industry in Western Australia." Archaeology in Oceania 21, no. 1 (April 1986): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1986.tb00129.x.
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Tinapple, W. L. "TRENDS AND OUTLOOK FOR EXPLORATION IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00024.
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Petroleum exploration activity in Western Australia over the past decade has been on the increase, boosted by the positive results of many new discoveries, mainly on the North West Shelf but also in frontier areas. Significant discoveries in 1999–2000 resulted from new exploration concepts including deep plays in the Barrow/Dampier Sub-basins, heavy oil plays in the Carnarvon Basin, a deep-water gas play west of Gorgon, large gas/condensate plays in the Browse Basin, and a new gas play in the southern Bonaparte Basin. Discovery itself is a great incentive to the industry to further exploration; however, concerns over oil price, the Australian dollar, markets, policies and perceived prospectivity impact on exploration spending. The short-term outlook for WA is good as a result of existing work commitments including an average of 50 exploration wells to be drilled each year for the next three years. Onshore, where exploration has been subdued, there are signs of increased activity. The Western Australian government is playing a key role in promoting the State through gazettals, promotional activities— conferences and publications, acquiring precompetitive data and making petroleum data more accessible. The government funded Petroleum Exploration Initiatives program is continuing and efforts are being made to facilitate exploration. Sustained high oil prices, improvements in technology and efforts to expedite access to land are just some of the factors which will assist companies in their endeavours. In the longer term, continued growth in Western Australia’s petroleum industry is projected.
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Hammond, M., and D. C. Sanders. "MAXIMISING INDIGENOUS EMPLOYMENT IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 46, no. 1 (2006): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj05040.
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The skilled labour shortage facing the upstream oil and gas industry is encouraging companies who have already begun to examine ways of increasing the number of indigenous people in their workforce.It is common practice for companies to use fly-in flyout solutions to build a stable workforce in remote areas. While this suits many workers and operations, a simpler solution arguably would be to have a skilled workforce who works in their home region. Many resource companies are now placing a renewed emphasis on training indigenous people to take on roles in the oil and gas industry. A highly skilled local workforce will have benefits for industry with a reduction in logistical costs and an increase in retention rates.This paper describes the challenges facing companies which elect to develop those skills in a largely technically unskilled indigenous community. The paper uses a range of case studies drawn from company experience. It further showcases some success stories and describes where the industry might need to focus its efforts in order to achieve a more equitable training and employment outcome for Australia’s indigenous communities.
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Thwaite, Anne. "Inclusive and Empowering Discourse in an Early Childhood Literacy Classroom with Indigenous Students." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 36, no. 1 (2007): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100004385.
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AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the classroom discourse and strategies of Marcia, an early childhood teacher of a class with a high percentage of Indigenous Australian students. These students have been demonstrably successful on standardised literacy tests, which is not the case for Indigenous students in general in Australia (e.g., MCEETYA, 200). It will be suggested here that Marcia’s approach and relationships with the students, as constructed in her discourse, have been a large contributing factor in this success. Marcia’s discourse can be described as both inclusive and empowering and, as such, it will be proposed that awareness of her techniques may be of benefit to teachers who are working with groups whom education systems tend to marginalise and disempower. Marcia’s lessons were observed as part of the project, “Teaching Indigenous Students with Conductive Hearing Loss in Remote and Urban Schools of Western Australia”. This project was based in Kurongkurl Katitjin, School of Indigenous Studies, at Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, and was funded by an Australian Research Council Strategic Partnerships with Industry [SPIRT] Grant and the industry partners: Department of Education of Western Australia, Catholic Education Commission of Western Australia and Aboriginal Independent Community Schools, Western Australia.
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Stanton, J. M., and M. Sartori. "Hatching and Reproduction of the Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera Rostochiensis, From Potato Fields in Western Australia as Influenced By Soil Temperature." Nematologica 36, no. 1-4 (1990): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002925990x00428.
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Chen, W., R. W. Bell, R. F. Brennan, J. W. Bowden, A. Dobermann, Z. Rengel, and W. Porter. "Key crop nutrient management issues in the Western Australia grains industry: a review." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08097.
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In the present paper, we review 4 topics that were identified through extensive consultation with stakeholders as issues of high impact and influence for the grains industry: improving soil testing and interpretation; role of fluid fertilisers in the Western Australian (WA) grains industry; using spatial and temporal information to improve crop nutrient management, particularly for nitrogen; and developing recommendations for managing emerging nutrient deficiencies. The key findings are summarised below. To further improve soil testing and interpretation, the review suggests that future research should focus on addressing soil sampling and interpretation questions, as they are important factors affecting the accuracy of fertiliser recommendations with changing cropping practices. There have been several studies to compare fluid with granular forms of P in WA, but the responses have not, so far, been consistent. More work may be needed to understand different crop response to fluid P fertiliser additions, particularly on low pH soils in WA. An understanding of the long-term performance of fluid P will also require an assessment of the residual value of fluid P compared with granular P under field conditions. Precision agriculture (PA) technology has potential to improve crop nutrient management and farm profitability in WA. The review indicates that understanding both spatial and temporal yield variation is critical for the successful adoption of PA technology by growers. The review also suggests that in WA, there is a need to explore the use of different layers of spatial information for determining management zones. In response to wide adoption of no-till and stubble retention cropping systems, increased use of fluid fertilisers together with advanced application technologies, and increased interest in cropping in the high rainfall zone, there is need to better understand growers’ practices and attitudes to crop nitrogen (N) management, and thus to better position research and extension activities. The review also suggests the need to evaluate new fertiliser products and site-specific N management concepts and develop N management practices for waterlogging-prone soils for improved N use efficiency in cereal production systems in WA. The negative balance of magnesium (Mg) observed in WA cropping systems, together with the information reviewed on factors affecting soil Mg content and crop response to Mg application across Australia, suggests that there is a need to evaluate the risk and impact of Mg deficiency on acidic sandy soils of WA.
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Weiter, Chloe. "Restructuring the Electricity Industry in Western Australia: What's in it for the Environment?" Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2004.10648601.
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Morkel, André, and John Syme. "THE ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA: TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN A MIDDLE ECONOMY." Prometheus 4, no. 1 (June 1986): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109028608629588.
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Mcfarlane, DJ, RJ Loughran, and BL Campbell. "Soil erosion of agricultural land in Western Australia estimated by cesium-137." Soil Research 30, no. 4 (1992): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920533.
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The caesium-137 technique was used to estimate net soil loss from 10 hillslopes in the agricultural area of Western Australia. The gravel fraction of the soil was found to have approximately 56% of the total 137Cs activity found on the <2 mm fraction of the soil on three slopes where it was measured. In the lower rainfall zones, 137Cs appeared not to have uniformly labelled the soils in uncleared areas, possibly due to the redistribution of rainfall in the canopy and above the soil surface, and the water repellence of some soils. A previously established calibration curve was used to calculate net soil losses from the 10 hillslopes. Potato-growing land and slopes below rock outcrops in the Wheatbelt appear to have experienced the most severe erosion since the soils were first labelled with 137Cs in the mid 1950s (19-27 t ha-1 yr-1). Hillslopes below rock outcrops had appreciably less 137Cs than those below lateritic breakaways, indicating the presence of sheet erosion.
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Bills, Kym. "Building a world-class Australian decommissioning industry." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17154.
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Collaboration in decommissioning offshore infrastructure could save both industry and taxpayers billions of dollars and facilitate new industries and exports for Australia, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant construction boom, Australia must not miss out on this major new opportunity. The 2017 bid for Commonwealth funding to establish a Decommissioning Offshore Infrastructure Cooperative Research Centre (DOI-CRC) involved more than 30 participants and many other collaborators. High-level commitments were made by Chevron, Woodside, Shell, BHP, ExxonMobil, Quadrant, The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, the University of New South Wales, Deakin University, Australian Maritime College, CSIRO and Australian Institute of Marine Science. A Perth-based DOI-CRC was supported by National Energy Resources Australia, National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority and other Australian Government bodies and by the Western Australian Government and its Chief Scientist and agencies but did not receive sufficient support from the CRC Advisory Committee. Meeting decommissioning challenges in the North West Shelf, Bass Strait and the Northern Territory in a timely, robust, scientific, efficient and cost-effective manner that contributes to a sustainable marine environment should draw upon and augment international best practice with local capability and expertise. Good science and innovative engineering are needed to support regulatory approval of options such as ‘rigs to reefs’ and commercial opportunities such as in waste management and expanded fishing and tourism. APPEA and operators wish to maintain DOI-CRC’s momentum and learn from UK research arrangements through funding marine science projects. But we must be much broader if we are to build a sustainable world-class Australian decommissioning industry. In particular, we need to work more closely with state and federal regulators and policymakers and undertake more engineering science research and innovation.
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Johns, Rhodri, and Patrick Despland. "2013 PESA industry review: exploration." APPEA Journal 54, no. 1 (2014): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13043.
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Exploration activity in Australia in 2013 occurred across a broad spectrum of conventional and unconventional plays. Competition for acreage was buoyant with large tracts of key onshore basins either licensed or under application. Offshore, there were new awards on the western Australian margin and in the Bight Basin off SA. Offshore 3D seismic acquisition was reduced from anomalously high levels in 2012. Onshore 2D seismic acquisition was at historic highs and onshore 3D was the most ever recorded. Overall drilling levels were maintained despite a decline offshore. Of 13 offshore wells drilled, six were discoveries. Sixty-nine exploration wells (excluding CSG wells) were drilled onshore. Fifty addressed conventional, and 19 were unconventional shale or basin-centered gas targets. Sixty of the 69 wells were drilled in the Cooper/Eromanga Basin where conventional oil and gas exploration yielded 11 oil and six gas discoveries. Drilling and fraccing campaigns in the Nappamerri Trough unconventional gas plays provided early encouraging results. 213 exploration and appraisal CSG wells were drilled in the CSG basins of Queensland and NSW. In Queensland a record total of 1,317 CSG wells were drilled in fiscal year 2012/2013. Shale gas exploration activity was increasingly focused on the Palaeozoic and Proterozoic Basins of Western, Central and Northern Australia with major oil and gas companies involved in joint ventures preparing for drilling in 2014. The results of these programmes will have an important bearing on the future direction of exploration in these plays.
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Peltzer, S., and K. Sivasithamparam. "Sero-groups ofErwinia carotovoraassociated with water, soil, tuber, and stems of potato plants in Western Australia." New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 16, no. 3 (July 1988): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425649.
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Peltzer, S., and K. Sivasithamparam. "Soft-rot erwinias and stem rots in potatoes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850693.
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Isolates of Erwinia carotovora pv. atroseptica, E. carotovora pv. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi from Western Australia, all produce stem rots in potato when provided with their specific environmental requirements. The pathogenicity of E. chrysanthemi was highly variable. A high inoculum level (3x 107 colony forming units/ml) was required for rapid rotting by E. chrysanthemi pv. zeae.
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Kuepper, G., and P. J. Batt. "THE ADOPTION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE FRESH PRODUCE INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 936 (August 2012): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.936.2.
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Clements, Kenneth W., and Peter L. Johnson. "The minerals industry and employment in Western Australia: assessing its impacts in federal electorates." Resources Policy 26, no. 2 (June 2000): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(00)00018-0.
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Kragt, Marit E., and Ana Manero. "Identifying industry practice, barriers, and opportunities for mine rehabilitation completion criteria in western Australia." Journal of Environmental Management 287 (June 2021): 112258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112258.
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Chancellor, Will. "Drivers of Productivity: a Case Study of the Australian Construction Industry." Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i3.4551.
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Australian construction productivity has grown slowly since 1985 and remains arguably stagnant. The importance of this study is therefore to examine several factors through to be drivers of construction productivity and to understand possible avenues for improvement. The drivers tested are research and development, apprentices, wage growth, unionisation and safety regulation. Expenditure on research and development and the number of apprentices were found to be drivers of productivity growth in Victoria, New South Wales and Western Australia. These findings are important because collectively, these three states account for a majority of construction activity in Australia.
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Shragge, Jeffrey, Julien Bourget, David Lumley, Jeremie Giraud, Thomas Wilson, Afzal Iqbal, Mohammad Emami Niri, et al. "The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 1: Geomodel building." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): T773—T791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0217.1.
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A key goal in industry and academic seismic research is overcoming long-standing imaging, inversion, and interpretation challenges. One way to address these challenges is to develop a realistic 3D geomodel constrained by local-to-regional geologic, petrophysical, and seismic data. Such a geomodel can serve as a benchmark for numerical experiments that help users to better understand the key factors underlying — and devise novel solutions to — these exploration and development challenges. We have developed a two-part case study on the Western Australia (WA) Modeling (WAMo) project, which discusses the development and validation of a detailed large-scale geomodel of part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) located on WA’s North West Shelf. Based on the existing regional geologic, petrophysical, and 3D seismic data, we (1) develop the 3D geomodel’s tectonostratigraphic surfaces, (2) populate the intervening volumes with representative geologic facies, lithologies, and layering as well as complex modular 3D geobodies, and (3) generate petrophysical realizations that are well-matched to borehole observations point-wise and in terms of vertical and lateral trends. The resulting 3D WAMo geomodel is geologically and petrophysically realistic, representative of short- and long-wavefield features commonly observed in the NCB, and leads to an upscaled viscoelastic model well-suited for high-resolution 3D seismic modeling studies. In the companion paper, we study WAMo seismic modeling results that demonstrate the quality of the WAMo geomodel for generating shot gathers and migration images that are highly realistic and directly comparable with those observed in NCB field data.
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Shragge, Jeffrey, David Lumley, Julien Bourget, Toby Potter, Taka Miyoshi, Ben Witten, Jeremie Giraud, et al. "The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 2: Seismic validation." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): T793—T807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0218.1.
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Large-scale 3D modeling of realistic earth models is being increasingly undertaken in industry and academia. These models have proven useful for various activities such as geologic scenario testing through seismic finite-difference (FD) modeling, investigating new acquisition geometries, and validating novel seismic imaging, inversion, and interpretation methods. We have evaluated the results of the Western Australia (WA) Modeling (WAMo) project, involving the development of a large-scale 3D geomodel representative of geology of the Carnarvon Basin, located offshore of WA’s North West Shelf (NWS). Constrained by a variety of geologic, petrophysical, and field seismic data sets, the viscoelastic WAMo 3D geomodel was used in seismic FD modeling and imaging tests to “validate” model realizations. Calibrating the near-surface model proved to be challenging due to the limited amount of well data available for the top 500 m below the mudline. We addressed this issue by incorporating additional information (e.g., geotechnical data, analog studies) as well as by using soft constraints to match the overall character of nearby NWS seismic data with the modeled shot gathers. This process required undertaking several “linear” iterations to apply near-surface model conditioning, as well as “nonlinear” iterations to update the underlying petrophysical relationships. Overall, the resulting final WAMo 3D geomodel and accompanying modeled shot gathers and imaging results are able to reproduce the complex full-wavefield character of NWS marine seismic data. Thus, the WAMo model is well-calibrated for use in geologic and geophysical scenario testing to address common NWS seismic imaging, inversion, and interpretation challenges.
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Sashegyi, W. S. "LOCAL INDUSTRY PARTICIPATION-OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96050.
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The current high level of activity in the resources sector within Western Australia offers opportunities for local industry to participate in a wide range of major construction, manufacturing and service opportunities. At the same time, however, local industry has again been expressing concern about their involvement in these projects.Challenges arise from the rapid technological change occurring within the petroleum industry, the availability of skilled labour, the increasing size and complexity of tender packages and the move to modularisation, the availability of the necessary industrial infrastructure and changes in purchasing practices. On the other hand project developers remain dependent on local industry to assure through-life project support.There is a need for the upgrading of infrastructure and the development of a fully integrated heavy engineering facility based in Western Australia. The Jervoise Bay/Henderson Industrial Estate has been identified as the most suitable base for such activity. The opportunity also exists for the establishment of an Indian Ocean based gas turbine overhaul and refurbishment facility.The challenge for the petroleum industry is to foster Australian industry involvement. The opportunity is to thereby strengthen through life support for projects. For its part, Australian industry must be able to meet specification, quality, price and delivery criteria.In today's procurement environment, addressing the challenges facing local industry participation and capitalising on the available opportunities requires the cooperation of the complete purchasing chain. Project proponents, however, still play a pre-eminent role in ensuring the necessary cooperation and the early involvement of local industry at all levels of that purchasing chain.
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Kaino, Lorna. "The ‘Problem of Culture’: A Case Study of Some Arts Industries in Southwest Western Australia." Media International Australia 101, no. 1 (November 2001): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0110100114.
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This paper presents a case study of three glass art studios situated in the southwest of Western Australia. The study is designed to provide a model for a larger study of the arts industries that will contribute to a strategic analysis of cultural policies for arts industry development. Its purpose is to offer insights into why arts policy frameworks and arts development strategies in the southwest of Western Australia appear to have had limited outcomes consistent with their arts industry objectives. It proposes that one of the reasons — difficult to formalise in policy documents but a persistent theme in informal discussions I have had with arts practitioners all over the southwest region — is a conceptual problem related to instrumentalities charged with the responsibility of implementing arts policy and development. I propose that this is a ‘problem of culture ‘. I explore this proposition in relation to cultural policy planning and development at the regional level within a wider framework at the state and federal levels in Australia and internationally.
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Barnett, Chris. "Cross-Sectoral Approaches Combining Career and Vocational Education in Schools in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Career Development 7, no. 3 (October 1998): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629800700304.
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“Programs for lower secondary students supporting their access to vocational education and training in the senior years: a cross-sectoral approach including school and industry profession development” is a project funded by the Career Education Association of Western Australia and the Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs. The project objectives, findings and recommendations from the preliminary research and other project developments are described. The Internet address for regular updated information is also provided.
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Marsh, S. P., D. J. Pannell, and R. K. Lindner. "The impact of agricultural extension on adoption and diffusion of lupins as a new crop in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 4 (2000): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99080.
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The growth of the sweet white lupin industry in Western Australia is a classic case of the adoption and diffusion of a new innovation in agriculture. In 1979, following the release of the cultivar Illyarrie, and the development of effective agronomic practices, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Western Australia) commenced a major extension campaign to promote lupins. Between 1978 and 1987, the area of lupins grown increased from 39 000 to 877 000 ha. However, the pattern of adoption varied widely between regions, with differences in starting time, rate and ceiling levels of adoption. In this paper, we examine regional differences in the start time of the adoption process, and estimate the impact of various factors by using multivariate regression analysis. Results suggest that both Agriculture Western Australia extension activities and the presence of private consultants contributed to earlier start times of the adoption process.
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Smith, Tony. "Aboriginal Labour and the Pastoral Industry in the Kimberley Division of Western Australia: 1960-1975." Journal of Agrarian Change 3, no. 4 (October 2003): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0366.00066.
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Pradella, N., A. M. Fowler, D. J. Booth, and P. I. Macreadie. "Fish assemblages associated with oil industry structures on the continental shelf of north-western Australia." Journal of Fish Biology 84, no. 1 (December 17, 2013): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12274.
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Bazen, Elizabeth. "Effect of the Building Act 2011 on compliance costs in Western Australia." Construction Economics and Building 14, no. 2 (June 18, 2014): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v14i2.3839.
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The Building Act 2011 commenced in Western Australia on 2 April 2012. It introduced private certification for design and construction compliance, and reduced fees and timeframes for local governments to issue permits. This research project assessed the effect of the Act on the time and cost of building approvals in WA, using an internet-based, self-completion survey to obtain feedback from people on their experience of the new building approvals process. This research compared the cost of approval for 16 building projects under the new and old approvals processes. The research concluded that the new approvals process appears to be cost-neutral for the building industry as a whole. However, the cost of approval for the 11 building projects studied valued up to $1 million, particularly alterations to existing buildings, is an average of 4.0 times greater under the new approvals process.
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Choo, Christine. "The Impact of Asian - Aboriginal Australian Contacts in Northern Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300218.
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The long history of Asian contact with Australian Aborigines began with the early links with seafarers, Makassan trepang gatherers and even Chinese contact, which occurred in northern Australia. Later contact through the pearling industry in the Northern Territory and Kimberley, Western Australia, involved Filipinos (Manilamen), Malays, Indonesians, Chinese and Japanese. Europeans on the coastal areas of northern Australia depended on the work of indentured Asians and local Aborigines for the development and success of these industries. The birth of the Australian Federation also marked the beginning of the “White Australia Policy” designed to keep non-Europeans from settling in Australia. The presence of Asians in the north had a significant impact on state legislation controlling Aborigines in Western Australia in the first half of the 20th century, with implications to the present. Oral and archival evidence bears testimony to the brutality with which this legislation was pursued and its impact on the lives of Aboriginal people.
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Charters, Steve, Marilyn Clark‐Murphy, Nicole Davis, Alan Brown, and Elizabeth Walker. "An exploration of managerial expertise in the Western Australian wine industry." International Journal of Wine Business Research 20, no. 2 (June 6, 2008): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17511060810883768.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the key management skills for running a successful winery business, which in the Australian industry is predominately a small to medium sized business, and explores the existence of such skills within the industry.Design/methodology/approachThe information was obtained through structured interviews with a range of winery owners and managers in the four main wine regions of Western Australia.FindingsWhilst a set of universal management skills are identified by the industry participants, these are not universally held. The study examines skills and training issues highlighting the diversity of winery owners and managers.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted using qualitative methodology in one state of Australia only.Practical implicationsThe findings require further quantitative testing, but strongly imply that managerial skills in the wine industry are limited, and most managers are more focused on technical expertise than financial, strategic, marketing or HR planning and management.Originality/valueThe paper has benefit for the wine industry showing the strengths and weaknesses of its managers, and also for theorists who seek to understand management processes in a specific sector predominantly comprising small and medium sized enterprises.
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Johnstone, GR, JE Duffus, and PL Guy. "New records on the occurrence of beet western yellows virus in Australia, New Zealand and Mexico." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890353.
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An isolate of beet western yellows virus (BWYV) from lettuce in Tasmania was propagated in shepherd's purse, purified, and used to produce an antiserum in a rabbit. The lettuce isolate and the antiserum to it reacted similarly to the Californian type isolate from radish and its antiserum in double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA). The Tasmanian DAS-ELISA system was used to confirm the presence of BWYV in a range of plant species from the southern mainland states of Australia, from the North Island of New Zealand and from central Mexico. Leaf tissue containing BWYV remained serologically reactive for long periods after the tissue was desiccated either by freeze-drying, air-drying or drying over silica gel. Bean leaf roll, potato leaf roll and soybean dwarf viruses were clearly distinct from BWYV and from each other in DAS-ELISA.
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Purio, Walter, Matthew Bowen, Adel van der Walt, and Sarah Panizza. "Leading the WAy: Western Australia is the key to driving LNG as a marine fuel." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17136.
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Uniquely positioned globally, logistically and financially, resource rich, Western Australia is poised to lead the establishment of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a marine fuel in the Asia Pacific region. Maritime trade is vital to the global economy, but is a major source of atmospheric pollution. This paper considers how tightening restrictions on marine exhaust emissions will affect vessel owners and the shipping trade, and why LNG offers a clean, safe and economically viable option to meet the new restrictions. Western Australia’s bulk iron ore export trade to Asia offers sufficient critical mass to underpin the creation of this new LNG bunkering industry. A design has already been completed for a new bulk ore carrier capable of running on both conventional heavy fuel oil and LNG and meeting the new emissions requirements. The LNG Marine Fuel Institute has analysed the demand and supply side business cases required to get this industry started. On the demand side, its modelling concludes that LNG-powered vessels can be economically viable if bunkering LNG is priced in the range of US$7 to $10/mmBtu. On the supply side, this price is achievable from an initial commercial scale 0.5 mtpa LNG bunkering facility if the natural gas feedstock can be priced in the range of AU$5 to $7/GJ (excluding pipeline charges). Such a plant would require ~75 TJ/d of natural gas feedstock. Western Australia’s domestic gas market is well positioned to meet this demand in terms of both price and volume. The benefits of this new industry would extend to Australian bulk exporters, gas suppliers, ship owners and operators, infrastructure owners and Australian governments.
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Segal, Naomi. "Compulsory Arbitration and the Western Australian Gold-Mining Industry: A Re-Examination of the Inception of Compulsory Arbitration in Western Australia." International Review of Social History 47, no. 1 (April 2002): 59–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859001000487.
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In 1900, Western Australia, a self-governing British colony, adopted compulsory conciliation and arbitration legislation, the first Australian colony to do so. This article focuses primarily on the roles the colonial state and capital played in the adoption of the legislation and proposes a broader, more complex explanation for the introduction of the legislation than current mainstream Western Australian historiography, which, mostly, constructed the event as an unproblematic regional labour triumph. This article argues that the legislation was passed to prevent disruption to gold mining, the industry driving the development of the colony, and to revive the flagging political fortunes of the colonial government. It asserts that the timing of the legislation pre-empted a more effective bill being introduced under conditions less favourable to capital. Organized labour, which, through its lobbying, had created consensus about the desirability of introducing the legislation, was unable to influence the shape of the legislation significantly.
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Correia, Jordan Mark, Monty Sutrisna, and Atiq U. Zaman. "Factors influencing the implementation of off-site manufacturing in commercial projects in Western Australia." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 6 (February 3, 2020): 1449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-09-2019-0246.
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Purpose Off-site manufacturing (OSM) application in vertically higher and spatially larger projects within Western Australian (WA) commercial sector has demonstrated the potential of benefitting from such a construction technique, but introducing a new methodology to a traditional sector such as commercial sector is not always straightforward. The acceptance of the new methodology, level of awareness of the stakeholders involved and the readiness of the supply chain to deliver, for instance, may influence the success of its implementation. Given the infancy of such methodology in the WA construction industry, this research project aims to analyse factors influencing the implementation of OSM construction method in WA. Design/methodology/approach Following a thorough literature review, an existing research agenda in OSM was used to inform the direction of this research, i.e. focussing on external macro aspects of the decision making to implement OSM. Three projects in WA were studied, and the data collection was facilitated through archival study and semi-structured interviews with construction practitioners who were the stakeholders of the three projects. Data analysis was conducted through content analysis to draw the findings and conclusion of this research. Findings The analysis of the studied cases revealed relevant economic/financial, technological and regulatory factors, as well as social factors influencing the implementation of OSM, particularly in WA commercial projects. These findings were then used to develop an overall understanding of the external macro factors influencing decision making in implementing OSM that forms a formal research agenda aimed at enabling successful implementation of OSM in WA construction industry, particularly in its commercial sector. Originality/value The research findings presented in this paper identified factors that significantly influence the implementation of such alternative technology in a traditional sector. These factors were then structured to form the subsequent research agenda to continuously pursue the implementation of OSM in the sector. While the research agenda takes into account the unique characteristics of the WA construction industry, it contributes to the global and the Australian national research agenda, and the research methodology reported in this paper can be used to develop similar research agenda elsewhere.
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Alonso, Abel Duarte, and Jeremy Northcote. "The development of olive tourism in Western Australia: a case study of an emerging tourism industry." International Journal of Tourism Research 12, no. 6 (November 2010): 696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.786.
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Singh, U., C. M. Trevors, S. H. De Boer, and J. D. Janse. "Fimbrial-Specific Monoclonal Antibody-Based ELISA for European Potato Strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi and Comparison to PCR." Plant Disease 84, no. 4 (April 2000): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.443.
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A murine hybridoma cell line, named 6A6, was developed to produce monoclonal antibodies for serological detection of European potato strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi. The monoclonal antibodies were of the immunoglobulin G2b type and were shown to react with a fimbrial antigen by immuno-gold electron microscopy, and with the fibrillin protein by Western blotting. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the monoclonal antibody reacted with all but two strains of E. chrysanthemi isolated from potato. One non-reactive strain originated from Australia and therefore was likely a different biovar, and the other strain was of unknown origin. The monoclonal antibody also reacted with 20 out of 36 strains of E. chrysanthemi isolated from hosts other than potato. A triple-antibody ELISA test utilizing monoclonal antibody 6A6 successfully detected E. chrysanthemi in infected potato stems and tubers but sensitivity was limited to about 107 CFU/ml, compared to a sensitivity of 103 CFU/ml for a polymerase chain reaction test using published primers directed to the pectate lyase gene.
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McLaughlin, M. J., N. A. Maier, R. L.Correll, M. K. Smart, L. A. Sparrow, and A. McKay. "Prediction of cadmium concentrations in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) by pre-plant soil and irrigation water analyses." Soil Research 37, no. 1 (1999): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98031.
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Potato tubers can accumulate high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in edible portions, so that techniques to determine high risk Cd environments are required by growers. The use of combined soil and irrigation water analyses prior to crop planting was investigated as a means to predict risks of Cd accumulation in tubers. Soils and irrigation waters were analysed at 134 sites in the major potato production areas in Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and New South Wales. Irrigation waters were analysed for electrical conductivity (EC), major cations, and anions. Cadmium was extracted from soil using aqua regia (1 : 3 HNO3: HCl), EDTA (ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate), DTPA (diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate), 0·01 M CaCl2, 0·01 M Ca(NO3)2, 0·1 M CaCl2, and 1·0 M NH4NO3. The preferred test procedure was validated in a subsequent sampling and analysis program at 39 sites. Irrigation water quality (EC or Cl concentration), measured prior to planting, explained the greatest variation in tuber Cd concentrations. Of the soil test procedures, only Cd extracted by 0·01 M CaCl2 significantly improved the predictive capacity of water EC. These 2 measures explained >55% of the variance in tuber Cd concentrations. The data set were transformed to generate a probability curve for exceeding Cd concentrations of either 0·05 or 0·1 mg/kg fresh weight, the latter being the current maximum permitted concentration (MPC) in Australia for potato tubers. The probability of producing potato tubers exceeding 0·05 and 0·1 mg/kg fresh weight was >50% once irrigation water EC increased above 1·4 and 3·0 dS/m, respectively. Using the relationships developed, growers should be able to quantify Cd risks by a simple test of irrigation water EC prior to planting and, if further precision is needed, also determine CaCl2-extractable Cd in soil.
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Dahan, Jennifer, Erik J. Wenninger, Brandon Thompson, Sahar Eid, Nora Olsen, and Alexander V. Karasev. "Relative Abundance of Potato Psyllid Haplotypes in Southern Idaho Potato Fields During 2012 to 2015, and Incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Causing Zebra Chip Disease." Plant Disease 101, no. 5 (May 2017): 822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-16-0668-re.
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Zebra chip (ZC) disease, a serious threat to the potato industry, is caused by the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso). Five haplotypes (hapA to hapE) of this pathogen have been described so far in different crops, with only hapA and hapB being associated with ZC in potato. Both haplotypes are vectored and transmitted to a variety of solanaceaeous plants by the tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc). Psyllids are native to North America, and four haplotypes have been identified and named based on their predominant geographic association: Northwestern, Central, Western, and Southwestern. Although all psyllid haplotypes have been found in southern Idaho potato fields, data on relative haplotype abundances and dynamic changes in the fields over time have not previously been reported. Here, psyllid samples collected in Idaho potato fields from 2012 to 2015 were used to clarify spatial and temporal patterns in distribution and abundance of psyllid and Lso haplotypes. A shift from hapA toward hapB population of Lso was revealed during these four seasons, indicating possible evolution of Lso in Idaho fields. Although we confirmed that Western psyllids were the most abundant by far during the four seasons of observation, we also observed changes in abundance of other haplotypes, including increased diversity of psyllid haplotypes during 2015. Seasonal changes observed for the Northwestern and Central haplotypes could potentially be linked to psyllid migration and/or habitat changes. South-central Idaho exhibited more diversity in psyllid haplotypes than southwestern Idaho.