Academic literature on the topic 'Potato industry – Western Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Potato industry – Western Australia"
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You, M. P., P. Simoneau, A. Dongo, M. J. Barbetti, Hua Li, and K. Sivasithamparam. "First Report of an Alternaria Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria brassicae on Crambe abyssinicia in Australia." Plant Disease 89, no. 4 (April 2005): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0430a.
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Crambe abyssinicia Hochst. is grown sporadically worldwide for its value as a source of high erucic acid industrial oils and secondary commercial products. While there is increasing interest in cropping C. abyssinicia in Australia, for these potentials and also as a source of oil for biodiesel production, currently, there have been no commercial crops of this species. In September 2004, inspection of a small experimental field crop in Beverley, Western Australia indicated the presence of significant leaf spotting just prior to commencement of flowering. The symptoms of this disease included as many as 10 to 15 spot lesions per leaf that were generally rounded and varied between 0.5 to 11 mm in diameter. Clusters of these lesions were often associated with chlorosis of the region of leaves where they occurred. More than 95% of plants inspected showed these symptoms. When affected leaves were incubated in moist chambers, typical conidia of Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. were observed. The description of these conidia matched that of the Commonwealth Mycological Institute for this pathogen (1) showing obclavate conidia 105 to 210 μm long and 20 to 30 μm thick, with 11 to 15 transverse septa and 0 to 3 longitudinal or oblique septa, predominantly with a pronounced beak 5 to 8 μm thick extending 0.3 to 0.5 μm of the length of the conidium. Single-spore isolations were made onto potato dextrose agar. Subcultures of these isolates were identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- based assay (2). This assay involved the use of two sets of A. brassicae-specific primers selected for conventional and real-time PCR. The colonies were confirmed to belong to A. brassicae. In a pathogenicity test to confirm Koch's postulates, single-spore isolates were inoculated onto cotyledons and leaves of 10-day-old C. abyssinicia seedlings. Symptoms on inoculated plants appeared within a period of 14 days of inoculation, matching those found on the affected plants in the field, and A brassicae was reisolated. A. brassicae causes an important worldwide disease of crucifers, for example, it can be a devastating disease of rapeseed and the other cruciferous crops in the United States and Canada. Since A. brassicae has already been reported on other species of crucifers Australia-wide, it may pose a threat to any potential Crambe spp. industry in this country. References: (1) M. B. Ellis No. 162 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, England, 1966. (2) T. Guillemette et al. Plant Dis. 88:490, 2004.
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Hobbs, Jill E., and William A. Kerr. "Trends in Western Canada's Potato Industry." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 45, no. 4 (December 1997): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1997.tb02168.x.
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van Sant, V. "THE CARNATION INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 216 (December 1987): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.216.4.
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Meaton, M. "OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98002.
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The oil and gas production sector in Western Australia has grown dramatically in recent years and now represents the largest resource sector in the State economy. The industry has a very promising future but it faces a number of challenges if it is to achieve its full potential. Its production location in remote parts of the State confers both advantages and disadvantages. Chief among the disadvantages is the challenge of convincing the community and government of the benefits from the industry when many of those benefits are not apparent to the majority of the population. The emphasis in this paper is on economic impacts, social benefits and community attitudes.WA has produced about 820 million barrels of oil and 2000 million barrels of natural gas when gas is calculated in energy equivalent terms. Petroleum energy production has increased dramatically over the last 15 years and the State is now a substantial energy exporter. Petroleum sources provide the energy for over 85% of the final energy used in the State. Total industry investment over the last 18 years has been nearly $21,000 million for an average of $3.2 million each day. Direct employment by petroleum companies is around 2,500 people with flow-on employment in the services sector estimated at over 17,000 people. Petroleum companies have been major contributors to government revenue and to the development of remote regions in WA.
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Johnstone, R. M., and F. Shan. "Chinese jujube industry takes root in Western Australia." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1116 (April 2016): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1116.5.
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Evans, R. "GAS-BASED INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA—REAL OPPORTUNITIES." APPEA Journal 41, no. 2 (2001): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00059.
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There has been a tendency in recent years for equity markets and the general public to move their interest away from resource development. The focus on gas development has also suffered, as attention has shifted to the so-called ‘new economy’.Gas development in Western Australia is more than ever a jewel in the future economic crown of the State and nation.Gas development offers a real opportunity based on real economics and real comparative advantage. This argument is supported by analysis of the comparative strengths and weaknesses influencing the development of gas-based projects in Western Australia.The paper also identifies where and how this development might occur.
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Clarke, J. D. "NATIVE TITLE AND THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96035.
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This paper explains the claimant and the future act processes of the Commonwealth Native Title Act and their operation in Western Australia, particularly in relation to petroleum titles. It then outlines the WA Government's response and future directives, focussing on the amendments needed to produce workable native title legislation.
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Duarte Alonso, Abel. "Marron farming in Western Australia: scope and constraints." British Food Journal 112, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701011011218.
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PurposeMarron farming in Western Australia has existed for decades. However, to what extent do marron growers see potential in this industry in ways that include expanding into hospitality and tourism? The purpose of this paper is to examine this dimension from a group of 26 marron growers.Design/methodology/approachThe limited knowledge on marron farming from an academic, industry, as well as from operators' perspective is a critical factor in choosing a qualitative approach in this paper in the form of telephone and face‐to‐face interviews.FindingsOverall, there is an agreement among respondents about the significant commercial potential of marron farming. However, the dilemma of satisfying increasing demand for marron is acknowledged, as well as resulting problems, for instance, in the form of greed and lack of unity among some growers.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the low number of respondents may not be sufficient to make generalisations of the marron farming industry, this paper proposes an overview into an unexplored industry, and provides useful insights into a niche market.Practical implicationsIncreased demand for marron in both national and international markets presents opportunities for local operators and the future of marron farming. At the same time, a balance must be maintained in order to preserve natural resources and the industry's sustainability.Originality/valueDespite its demand and potential, to date very limited research has been conducted on marron farming, particularly studying the links between marron, hospitality and tourism, as well as marron growers' points of views on this industry. This exploratory paper contributes to narrowing the existing knowledge gap on these dimensions.
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Mariana, Mohamad Chikh-Ali, Steven B. Johnson, Stewart M. Gray, Nellie Malseed, Nigel Crump, and Alexander V. Karasev. "The Recombinant Potato virus Y (PVY) Strain, PVYNTN, Identified in Potato Fields in Victoria, Southeastern Australia." Plant Disease 104, no. 12 (December 2020): 3110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-20-0961-sc.
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Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the main viruses affecting potato in Australia. However, molecular characterization of PVY isolates circulating in potato in different states of Australia has not yet been thoroughly conducted. Only nonrecombinant isolates of three biological PVY strains collected from potato were reported previously from Western Australia and one from Queensland. Here, PVY isolates collected from seed potato originating in Victoria, Australia, and printed on FTA cards, were subjected to strain typing by RT-PCR, with three isolates subjected to whole genome sequencing. All the 59 PVY isolates detected during two growing seasons were identified to be recombinants based on two RT-PCR assays. No nonrecombinant PVY isolates were identified. All the RT-PCR typed isolates belonged to the PVYNTN strain. Sequence analysis of the whole genomes of three isolates suggested a single introduction of the PVYNTN strain to Australia but provided no clues as to where this introduction originated. Given the association of the PVYNTN strain with potato tuber damage, growers in Australia should implement appropriate strategies to manage PVYNTN in potato.
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Williams, K. G., and R. W. Fraser. "State Taxation of the Iron Ore Industry in Western Australia." Australian Economic Review 18, no. 1 (April 1985): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1985.tb00477.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Potato industry – Western Australia"
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Arpiwi, Ni Luh. "The application of novel methods for increasing the yield of small round seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties Atlantic and Granola." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0020.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties Atlantic and Granola are widely grown in Indonesia. The optimal method of cultivation in the tropics, due to the susceptibility of cut seed for disease, is by small (20 to 55 g) whole seed potatoes. However, the variety Atlantic produces mostly large tubers, which are not suitable for planting as whole seeds. Although Granola produces a reasonable proportion of small tubers it still produces a few in the larger size grades and there is no fresh market in Western Australia for the larger tubers for this variety. The aim of this study was to develop methods to be used in Western Australia that improve the yield of small seed potatoes for export to Indonesia. The influence of seed-potato storage duration (at 4°C) on subsequent stem growth was assessed after 30 days growth in a glasshouse (22°C/18°C, day⁄night). Seed potato storage for 22-28 (Atlantic) and 24-30 (Granola) weeks resulted in development of higher numbers of stems. A series of field experiment were designed to increase yield of small tubers. Apical sprout removal in Granola, but not Atlantic, increased the number of stems (by 27%), yield of 20-55 g potato (by 32%) and total yield (by 17%). Application of herbicide (paraquat + diquat) at low concentration during early tuber initiation decreased total yield in Atlantic (by 14%) and Granola (by 16%). Treating whole seed potatoes with carvone vapor two weeks before planting had no influence on stem or tuber number in both Atlantic and Granola but in Atlantic only, the total yield was reduced by 12%. Spraying plants with paclobutrazol during early tuber initiation inconsistently influenced tuber number and yield between the two varieties and two experiments. The influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) on stem number, total tuber number, yield of 20-55 g tubers and total yield was investigated by dipping seed pieces in a GA3 solution (20 mg⁄L) two days prior to planting. In Atlantic, GA3 treatment increased stem number (by 147%), total tuber number (by 75%) and yield of 20-55 g tubers (by 330%) without influencing total yield. In Granola, GA3 treatment increased stem number (by 50%), total tuber number (by 15%), yield of 20-55 g tubers (by 21%) and total yield (by 10%) The influence of gibberellic acid application (20 mg⁄L) to seed pieces before planting increased the number of small tubers through increased stem number. The shift toward a greater proportion of small tubers, without reducing total yield, had a greater influence in Atlantic than that in Granola. Treatment of GA3 and paclobutrazol together decreased total yield compared to that of GA3 alone
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Braddick, Lynda. "Market place demand for kangaroo meat consumption in Western Australia a sustainability issue /." Murdoch, W.A. : Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, 2002. http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-44133.
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Gregory, Stacey J. "The classification of inland salt lakes in Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, School of Environmental Biology, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18037.
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Inland salt lakes in Western Australia have been used by the mining industry for the disposal of excess water generated during the mining process. However, the impact of these operations on the salt lakes is poorly understood. This is mainly due to the lack of information on the biota and chemistry for the lakes. The main aim of this project was to develop a classification system for inland salt lakes of Western Australia based on abiotic and biotic factors such as sediment and water quality, invertebrates and algae to determine lakes with unique or significant features. Water and sediments collected from the salt lakes were generally characterised by an alkaline pH, high salinity and the majority of lakes being dominated by sodium and chloride. Concentrations of some metals were also high, particularly in surface water. A high degree of variation in water and sediment quality was demonstrated both within and between the study lakes. In addition, these parameters were shown to be influenced by geography, geology, stage of the hydrocycle within which the lake was sampled and the occurrence of dewatering discharge. Biota in the salt lakes must be able to cope in a harsh environment, adjusting to temporary water regime, high temperature, and high salinity. As such, the species richness of these systems is generally low. Diatoms (a group of algae) and invertebrates were investigated among the biota. A total of 56 diatom species were recorded from 24 lakes. The most common species were Amphora coffeaeformis, Hantzschia aff. baltica and Navicula aff. incertata. These species were shown to have broad tolerances to environmental variations. Sediment chemistry explained variations in diatom community structure, with zinc, moisture content and cobalt having the greatest and negative influence.In terms of invertebrates, a total of 101 invertebrate taxa were recorded from 13 lakes in this study. Crustacea dominated and the greatest number of taxa was from the genus Parartemia. There were some differences in invertebrate community structure between lakes, most likely reflecting the high degree of speciation, and poor dispersal mechanisms of certain key species. Community structure was influenced by water quality, with phosphorus, bicarbonate and magnesium contributing to the variations in community structure. Among the 43 lakes chosen for this study a total of 17 lakes had received, or are currently receiving dewatering discharge. Sites receiving dewatering discharge generally reported higher concentrations of salts, nutrients and some metals in both water and sediments compared to natural lakes. Species richness of biota such as diatoms and invertebrates was lower at the lakes receiving dewatering discharge. However, the impact was generally localized within the pooled area of dewatering discharge. Also, despite these impacts, there appears to be signs of amelioration by flushing events. Currently there are no guidelines for water and sediment chemistry for inland salt lakes in Western Australia. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) guidelines are the most relevant available. Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc in surface water of the natural inland salt lakes were shown to exceed ANZECC guideline values.
Comparison with the relevant ANZECC sediment guidelines showed that they were applicable to the salt lakes, with the exception of nickel and chromium which were naturally high in the salt lake sediments. Classification of data using multivariate analysis was done for both dry and wet phases of the hydroperiod. Six groups were delineated for the sediment and diatom data, and four groups were defined for the water quality and invertebrate data. It was common for sites from particular lakes to fall in more than one group as a result of the variability in these systems. There are a number of practical applications of this system for the mining industry and it may be used as a predictive tool for determining the impact of dewatering discharge and highlighting unique salt lakes within the Goldfields of Western Australia.
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Storer, Timothy. "Ethology and production of freshwater crayfish in aquatic polysystems in Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Biosciences, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16749.
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Aquatic polyculture has been recognised as a potential way of increasing the costeffectiveness of farming marron (Cherax tenuimanus), as it can lower average costs of production, increase system yields, and reduce economic risks associated with monoculture operations. Polyculture also increases ecological stability and assists recycling processes, which can result in synergistic benefits to participating species. In aquaculture, this synergism can result in increased profitability through advanced growth rates and/or reduced feed input. However, many of the inherent advantages of aquatic polyculture rely on cohabitants occupying distinct ecological niches within the system. In Western Australia, opportunities to multi-crop aquatic species are limited by species choice due to low natural diversity and strict translocation policies. This creates a situation where available aquaculture species exhibit overlaps in occupied niches. Effects of this overlap can include direct predation, increased intraspecific conflict, and competition for resources such as shelter and food. Prior to this study, silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) were identified as a prime candidate for duoculture with marron, based on favourable schooling and feeding characteristics, and preliminary trials demonstrated commercial benefits, including synergistic growth advantages to marron. However, investigations also showed that silver perch will predate on both small and moulting crayfish under certain conditions, and that growth of silver perch was inhibited when held in cages to prevent predation. The work reported in this thesis was undertaken to address the niche overlap existing between marron and silver perch, and therefore assist the marron industry in Western Australia in implementing appropriate management strategies for diversification.Research focussed on investigating the ecological issues underlying interspecific interactions in marron polysystems, with the eventual aim of presenting information that could assist system managers in determining optimal conditions required to reduce antagonistic relationships and maximise synergism, ultimately leading to higher yields. Seven trials were conducted in three culture systems (54L aquaria, 250L aquaria and 720m2 experimental ponds) examining the ability of marron to detect, recognise and respond to a range of information cues (chemical, visual, tactile) from two potential predators (silver perch and Murray cod), with and without competition from conspecific and heterospecific crayfish (Cherax albidus). The ability of marron to interpret and respond appropriately to these variables was tested under a range of system-specific conditions, including stocking density, stocking size, shelter/habitat complexity, food availability, light intensity and life stage. Cage culture conditions were also examined to determine if the addition of shelter would mediate growth inhibition previously recorded, and to determine the desired stocking regime to return market sized fish in one growth season (8 months). Results from laboratory research and field-based trials did not support the free-range culture of marron and silver perch, even where turbidity and habitat complexity is high. Although both male and female marron (various sizes) demonstrated an ability to detect and differentiate between chemical and visual cues from potential predators, avoidance responses were only displayed upon attack from predators, or following predation of conspecifics; and avoidance strategies employed by marron were relatively ineffective.
Although marron showed some capacity to recognise an impending predatory threat, high initial mortalities and growth inhibition due to reduced foraging, would greatly reduce system yields. In addition, intraspecific competition between marron is likely to increase as avoidance responses would lead to high relative densities within shelters. The lack of avoidance behaviour displayed by marron when only visual and chemical cues from predators are present strongly supports cage culture of silver perch in marron ponds. As marron did not appear to alter their general behaviour (e.g. foraging) based on cues associated with silver perch held in cages they stand to benefit from cohabitation. Field-trials examining the pond culture of marron and caged silver perch demonstrated synergistic growth advantages to marron, compared to monoculture, and also identified several system variables that appear to improve polyculture production. The addition of bank shelters (within 1m of waters edge) was suggested to give marron a competitive advantage when moulting, expressed through growth and survival. Survival of marron was also increased in caged polyculture ponds, compared to monoculture, most likely due to increased health status (due to improved recycling) and/ or increased habitat complexity owing to the presence of fish cages. Growth inhibition previously reported when silver perch are held in cages was mediated to some degree by cage shelters, which appeared to increase feeding behaviour, reduce general anxiety and resulted in increased growth. The introduction of advanced silver perch fingerlings in order to produce market-sized fish in one growth season was also supported. However, it is recommended that cage culture dynamics require further elucidation if silver perch are to be commercially successful as a stand-alone crop using this growout strategy.
Significantly, the synergistic growth advantages experienced by marron when grown with fish demonstrate value from polyculture even if fish are not depended on as a secondary income. In this case, other species may also provide similar advantages, and a native candidate such as freshwater cobbler (Tandanus bostocki) would also redress problems associated with translocation laws restricting the use of silver perch in some areas of Western Australia. As no density effects were recorded in any of the trials conducted for either species, further investigation into increased system loads is required. In addition, as nutrient loads, and thus phytoplankton density, usually increases proportionately with pond biomass it is recommended that an additional herbivorous species, for example white eye mullet (Mugil cephalus), be examined in conjunction with increased density trials. Field research reported in this thesis was carried out in earthen ponds utilising remediated water from a acidified mine lake. Over a three-year period water quality parameters were maintained within optimal ranges for marron and silver perch, and survival and growth of both species was comparable to industry levels. These results validate the effectiveness of mine-water treatment technology; and accordingly, results support commercial viability of crayfish polyculture utilising remediated acid mine water. The large water resources offered by the numerous artificial lakes created from open cut mining has the potential to sustain a large successful aquaculture industry for Collie (Western Australia), and in other areas with extension of water treatment technology.
The incorporation of caged silver perch into marron ponds not only takes advantage of the inherent economic and risk-spreading benefits from a diversified management strategy, but also incorporates a number of within-system benefits due to synergism between species. The ecological approach to aquatic polyculture research reported in this thesis has elucidated key communication factors underlying interactions within crayfish polysystems, which is critical to a knowledge-based approach to system management.
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Huddleston, Veronica. "Restructuring and adjustment in resource-dependent coastal communities : a case study of the Western rock lobster fleet hosting communities." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0001.
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In an attempt to address the seeming imbalance within studies of rural communities in Australia linked to primary industries, this study examines the broader aspects of policy changes and bio-economic imperatives in the Western Rock Lobster Fishery and the effects of the restructuring of the fishery on communities that host the rock lobster fleet. It is an innovative study in that it is one of the first comprehensive studies of industry restructuring in the fisheries sector; a study of the linkages and implications of restructuring on the social, economic and cultural facets of coastal communities in Western Australia. Globalisation in the fishery sector, aided by technological advances, has resulted in a greater exploitation of high-value fisheries for export. Intensified globalisation has also brought about environmental and social standards that ensure the survival of by-catch species and promote responsible codes of fishing practice. In Australia, the active support of the government for globalisation, led to the adoption of export-oriented policies emphasising competitiveness and efficiency. Consideration of market principles thus govern fisheries regulators when deciding on the management arrangements to adopt for a particular fishery. In considering a number of policy instruments and management measures, government regulators also consider the conservation of marine resources alongside the production of significant economic and social benefits. The Western Rock Lobster Fishery is the most valuable single species fishery in Western Australia with a sizeable financial and employment contribution to coastal communities along the Western Australian coast. Any management scheme adopted for this fishery, as such, not only has to take into account biological and environmental imperatives but also economic and social objectives. The analysis of the fishery undertaken in this thesis underlines the need for a holistic view of fishery management that takes into consideration not only biological sustainability, but also promotes an understanding of fishers' behaviours and fishing patterns and the consequent effects on specific communities. The demographic and social changes that affect rural communities further complicate the economic restructuring at the fishery level, with fishers' responses differing based on their circumstances and preferences. This thesis presents a snapshot of a fishery deliberating changes in management arrangements and its effects on coastal communities whose socio-demographic and economic development historically has depended, and to a great extent is still dependent, upon rock lobster fishing. It provides empirical evidence that lends support to the view that the pro-market policies promoting competition and entrepreneurialism have resulted in a spatially uneven development in regional Australia. Specific localities can deal with the changes brought about by globalisation and policy change. However, the manner in which these communities deal and cope with these changes depends on a number of factors, among others, the level of diversification of the local economy, demographic and social structures, and other factors such as the level of resilience and the social capital base within the community.
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Norman, Bradley Michael. "Aspects of the biology and ecotourism industry of the whale shark Rhincodon typus in North-Western Australia." Murdoch University, 1999. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071003.121017.
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The conservation status of the widely-distributed whale shark Rhincodon typus is presently listed as 'Indeterminate - Data Deficient'. One of the main hindrances to obtaining biological data on whale sharks that is relevant to determining its 'conservation status' is that this species has rarely been recorded as occurring in sufficient numbers to obtain quantitative data. However, R. typus does form aggregations at Ningaloo Marine Park (NMP), Western Australia, annually between March and June. This has enabled studies to be made of aspects of the biology of R. typus and of the possible impacts of the ecotourism industry on this species.
Using a position provided on vessels involved with the whale shark ecotourism industry at NMP, R. typus was observed on 360 separate occasions in 1995, 1996 and 1997, and it was possible to sex 90.3% of these sharks. The majority of the sexed sharks (84.6%) were male and ranged in length from 4 to 12 m, with a mean of 7.4 m, while the females ranged in length from 4.5 to 8.5 m, with a mean of 6.2 m. The size and degree of abrasion of the claspers was used as an indicator of whether or not a male shark had mated. Using such criteria, it was estimated that male whale sharks start to mature at ca 8 m and that ca 50% are mature by the time they reach 8.6m.
Observations suggested that R. typus feeds by using both suction and flow-through mechanisms. The prey that were observed being ingested included coral spawn, tropical krill, mysids and small jellyfish. The contents of a faecal sample contained parts of the exoskeleton of copepods and the scales of small fishes. The degree of mouth distension, which is assumed to be related to feeding activity, was low during most observation periods.
Photographs of the scars and natural patterning on the skin of individual sharks were used to construct a photographic library for subsequent identification of these sharks. The features used for identifying individual sharks were chosen because they were considered likely to remain for a protracted period. The Whale Shark Photo -identification Library that was produced provides details on the characteristic features of 52 R. typus that were present at NMP. Six individuals were recorded at NMP in both 1995 and 1996, four in both 1996 and 1997, and one in both 1995 and 1997. No identified whale sharks were recorded in all three years.
Rhincodon typus was distributed widely throughout NMP, with most boat and aerial sightings lying within 1 - 2 Ism of the reef crest between Tantabiddi and Turquoise Bay. Rhincodon typus was typically sighted in water depths of 10 to 30 m. The sharks were predominantly travelling parallel to Ningaloo Reef, with significantly more moving in a northward than southward direction. Acoustic tracking of R. typus in 1997 suggested that this species remains within NMP for extended periods and is at the surface for ca 17% of daylight hours.
The number and species of fauna observed to be associated with R. typus were recorded, and a new species of copepod, Pandarus sp. nov., which lives on the skin of R. typus has been described. Golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus), miscellaneous trevally (Carangid sp.), remora (Remora sp.) and slender suckerfish (Echeneis naucrates) were common. The prevalence of Pandarus sp. nov. was inversely proportional to the number of Remora sp. and E. mucrates in 1996, while the opposite was true in 1997, suggesting that Pandarus sp. nov. were preyed on by these diskfish.
Rhincodon typus is the basis of the ecotourism industry that operates within NMP each year. While there was considerable variation in the number of tour vessels searching for whale sharks at NMP each year, the greatest mean number of vessels operating per week in successive whale shark seasons were 6.7 during Week 8 (April 19 - 25) of 1995, 6.1 during Week 7 (April 12 - 18) of 1996 and 6.9 during Week 8 (April 19 - 25) of 1997. The greatest mean numbers of whale sharks sighted per week in each year were 5.1 during Week 14 (May 31 - June 6) of 1995,4.2 during Week 6 (April 5 - 11) of 1996 and 4.1 during Week 8 (April 19 - 25) of 1997.
Tourists, who were permitted to swim alongside R. tyus, interacted with sharks for a mean period of 19.3 rnin in 1995, 14.2 min in 1996 and 9.5 rnin in 1997. The reduction in the duration of interaction in three successive years suggests that, over time, R. typus may have become slightly less tolerant of the ecotourism industry at NMP. The mean minimum distance between vessel and shark during each interaction was 20.7 m in 1995, 21.3 m in 1996 and 31.0 m in 1997. The mean minimum distance between tourist and shark during each interaction was 1.5 m in 1995, 2.05 m in 1996, and 2.1 m in 1997. The mean minimum distance of vessel and tourist from R. typus during each individual interaction decreased as the duration of the interaction increased. Therefore, both R. typus and this industry must be carefully monitored to ensure that the impacts of humans are kept to a minimum and thereby ensure that whale sharks return to NMP each year.
An ethology of whale shark behaviours, which included banking, porpoising, diving and eye-rolling, was produced in an attempt to determine whether there is evidence that the ecotourism industry has a negative impact on R. opus at NMP. The frequency of behavioural change was greatest in the first 0 - 5 min of an observation. Eye-rolling by R. typus was recorded as a reaction to flash-photography, while banking was often recorded when SCUBA was used and/or tourists swam beneath the head of the shark. The swimming speed of R. typus at NMP was rarely too fast for tourists to maintain proximity to the sharks.
Several sharks possessed both recent and healed scars, which were probably inflicted by vessel contact. The recent wounds indicate that vessels had caused injuries to R. typus within NMP. These individuals tended to display a higher frequency of avoidance behaviours and reduced interaction times.
Recommendations are provided to the Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management which are aimed at reducing the potential deleterious effects of the ecotourism industry on the whale sharks at NMP.
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Fletcher, Thomas A. "How local autonomy was lost a history of stevedoring at Fremantle, 1880 to 1950." Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Sciences and Asian Languages, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10615.
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This thesis examines how the stevedoring industry at Fremantle was absorbed into a national framework of port cargo-handling services during the first half of the twentieth century. The process of change compelled a local industry with its own peculiarities to conform to standards imposed by central authorities with priorities which were not necessarily in harmony with local practice or custom.In part this was the result of the inexorable forces released by Federation. After the creation of the Commonwealth, there was no isolation for anyone from the Commonwealth government's powers to legislate change if it was deemed to be in the national interest. Power, therefore, would flow towards central authorities: for the shipowners and their stevedores this meant to a central organisation, the Association of Employers of Waterside Labour (AEWL); for the labourers it meant, eventually, to the national executive of the Waterside Workers Federation (WWF).The Commonwealth government had the power and the will to intervene in stevedoring when the national interest dictated. The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Court started the process in 1914. The Commonwealth government in the War of 1914-18, in 1928, made further inroads into curtailing the levels of local autonomy. In the 1939-45 War the process was completed by the creation of government stevedoring industry commissions and boards. The final impact to local autonomy came in 1950 when the policies of a new conservative Commonwealth government forced the Fremantle Lumpers Union to seek the protection of a national union, the WWF.This thesis follows the path taken by the Fremantle stevedoring industry on its way to complete integration and absorption into the national port cargo-handling service. It examines the resistance to the changes brought about by centralisation and the part played in that struggle by both ++employers and employees at Fremantle to retain some control over their respective destinies.
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au, Tarbuckle@aapt net, and Trevor James Arbuckle. "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle or Regulate The National Packaging Covenant and its Application to the Fruit and Vegetable Industry in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050505.135542.
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The National Packaging Covenant is a self-regulatory agreement between industries in the packaging chain and all spheres of government for the management of packaging waste. The aim of this study is to determine whether the Covenant has the capacity to achieve the environmental objectives of the government in its application to the packaging of fruit and vegetables in Western Australia. This resolves into two major questions, whether self-regulation is the appropriate policy instrument and whether the Covenant can achieve the environmental objectives of the government.
The analysis proceeds as follows. A literature review of self-regulation and its relationship to Public Choice Theory to establish the theoretical foundations of the Covenant. A study of the implementation of voluntary agreements in Europe to determine alternative models and policies. A survey of growers in Western Australia to establish the extent of knowledge of the Covenant and support for its principles. An analysis of the Action Plans of Covenant signatories within the industry and an assessment of the response to the Covenant by Federal, State and Local Governments. Policy recommendations and suggestions for further research conclude the thesis.
The research establishes that the structure of the industry involves a majority of stakeholders (mainly growers) without effective representation, together with small well organised and dominant groups (mainly manufacturers and supermarkets). The Covenant has had little impact, has failed to engage the majority of stakeholders and is characterised by a general lack of commitment by dominant firms within the industry. This analysis supports the public choice explanation and the multi-dimensional approach to the research has produced consistent results.
The major finding of the research is that an effective voluntary agreement requires carefully targeted objectives, negotiations with all stakeholders, incentives for innovation and the certainty of penalties for non-compliance. Application of these key features to the fruit and vegetable industry in Western Australia may provide the model for the industry in Australia and a model for other industries.
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Arbuckle, Trevor James. "Reduce, reuse, recycle or regulate : the national packaging covenant and its application to the fruit and vegetable industry in Western Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050505.135542.
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Segal, Richard Daniel. "Primary production and nutrient dynamics in solar salt ponds." University of Western Australia. School of Water Research, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0053.
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[Truncated abstract. Formulae and special characters in this field can only be approximated. See PDF version for accurate reproduction.] Solar salt producers use solar energy to evaporate seawater as it flows through a series of ponds. The Shark Bay Salt solar ponds, at Useless Inlet in Western Australia, vary in salinity from that of seawater to four times seawater, over the pond sequence. Water column photosynthesis and biomass decreased markedly with increasing salinity along the pond sequence, while benthic productivity increased as cyanobacterial mats developed. Correspondingly, net productivity shifted from autotrophy to heterotrophy in the water column and from heterotrophy to autotrophy in the benthos. Both shifts occurred at intermediate salinity in the pond sequence, where there was low production in both the water column and benthos. Within individual ponds, productivity, algal biomass and physico-chemical conditions were relatively constant over the year of study. Transitions between benthic and planktonic production along the pond sequence were driven mostly by direct responses to salinity stress, as well as the formation of a gypsum crust on the pond floors at higher salinity (>120 g kg-1). This transition is similar to that which occurs in saline lakes undergoing anthropogenic salinisation and identifies critical salinities for the restoration of these lakes.
Books on the topic "Potato industry – Western Australia"
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Zekulich, Mike. Wine Western Australia. Perth, W.A: St. George Books, 1994.
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Fetherston, J. M. Tantalum in Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 2004.
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Olney, George. Dairy industry in Western Australia: Information on the Western Australian Dairy Industry. [Western Australia]: Agriculture Western Australia, 1997.
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Mining law in Western Australia. 4th ed. Sydney: The Federation Press, 2009.
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Hunt, Michael W. Mining law in Western Australia. 3rd ed. Sydney: The Federation Press, 2001.
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Hunt, Michael W. Mining law in Western Australia. 2nd ed. Sydney: The Federation Press, 1993.
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Force, Western Australia Electricity Reform Task. Discussion paper on the reform of the electricity supply industry in Western Australia. [Perth?]: Electricity Reform Task Force, 2002.
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Kelly, E. R. Enquiry into occupational health and safety in the mining industry in Western Australia. [Perth: Govt. of Western Australia, 1991.
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Australian, Gold Conference (1999 Perth W. A. ). New century new dimensions: The Australian Gold Conference, proceedings, 10-12 March 1999, Perth, Western Australia. 252 p: ill., maps, 1999.
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Elliott, R. M. L. Review of petroleum exploration, development, and production in Western Australia to the end of 1984. Perth: [Geological Survey of Western Australia], 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Potato industry – Western Australia"
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Marshall, Peter, Roger Sor, and Judy McKay. "The Impacts of Electronic Commerce in the Automobile Industry: An Empirical Study in Western Australia." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 509–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45140-4_34.
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Stubbs, Brett J. "Brewing Industry Concentration and the Introduction of the Beer Excise in Australia and New Zealand in the Late Nineteenth Century." In New Developments in the Brewing Industry, 138–66. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854609.003.0007.
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In the Australian colonies and in New Zealand, British colonization was followed by the development of a flourishing brewing industry. Brewery numbers peaked in each colony in the late nineteenth century. The industry contracted subsequently to a small number of dominant cities, achieving high levels of concentration by the early twentieth century. One significant factor promoting concentration was the beer excise, introduced in each colony in the late nineteenth century. When six colonies combined in 1901 to create the Commonwealth of Australia, the federal government took responsibility for taxation of beer production, adopting a uniform excise rate and applying harsher administrative requirements that affected smaller breweries disproportionately. The operation of the beer excise in each of the Australian colonies (New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland) and in New Zealand, and the later uniform federal tax in Australia, are considered as factors promoting industry concentration.
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Rowe, Michelle, and Alfred Ogle. "Collaborative Commerce and the Hotel Industry." In Information Communication Technologies, 988–1001. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-949-6.ch066.
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This chapter proposes a framework to consider the application of collaborative commerce (c-commerce) in the hotel industry. C-commerce and some general characteristics of the hotel industry are examined, followed by a discussion on the likelihood of c-commerce adoption by hotels. A case study of two five-star hotels located in Perth, Western Australia is considered in light of the framework. Corporate structure, information technology (IT) and its importance to organisation strategy, the role and attitudes of the general manager of each hotel to IT as well as the social identity of the hotel to c-commerce emerge as issues critical to c-commerce. This area of study is in its infancy and further research is required to more fully consider the issues.
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Mayes, Robyn. "Corporate funding and local community development: a case from the mining industry in Australia." In Funding, Power and Community Development, 85–100. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336150.003.0006.
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This chapter elucidates the social and political complexities of corporate community development as practised in the mining industry, with attention to implications for meanings of ‘community’ and ‘development’. This is achieved through examination of corporate funding of community initiatives in the rural Shire of Ravensthorpe in Western Australia, the greenfield site of the Ravensthorpe Nickel Operation owned by BHP Billiton (BHPB) until 2010. The chapter begins with an overview of corporate social responsibility and the contested concept of development before examining the community development practices undertaken by the mining sector in Australia. It critically analyses BHPB's claimed commitment to community development and then explores more specifically its role in ‘developing’ Ravensthorpe.
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Pliaskin, Alex. "The BIZEWEST Portal." In Electronic Business, 1396–400. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch085.
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In June 2000, the Western Region Economic Development Organisation (WREDO), a notfor- profit organisation sponsored by the six municipalities that make up the western region of Melbourne, received a state government grant for a project to set up a business-to-business portal. The project was to create a “horizontal portal”—BIZEWEST—that would enable small to medium enterprises (SMEs) in Melbourne’s west to engage in an increased number of e-commerce transactions with each other. The western region of Melbourne contains around 20,000 businesses, and is regarded as the manufacturing, transport, and distribution hub of South-eastern Australia (Tatnall, Burgess, & Singh, 2004). Traditionally, this region had encompassed much of the industry in metropolitan Melbourne.
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Bittner, Stephen V. "Conclusion Rebirth." In Whites and Reds, 235–44. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784821.003.0009.
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After restating the central arguments, the conclusion takes the story of Russian and Soviet winemaking into the post-Soviet years. It describes the near destruction of the former Soviet wine industry amid the economic chaos of the 1990s and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Amid this destruction, Western wines reappeared in the post-Soviet marketplace after a seventy-year hiatus. Moreover, Western wine connoisseurs discovered Georgian wines and traditional Georgian production methods. The book ends with Vladimir Putin’s 2006 ban on the import of wines from Georgia and Moldova, and the emergence of a genuine culture of connoisseurship among young, educated, and worldly Russians and Ukrainians, who were far more prone to choose a high-quality imported wine from Australia or Europe than a more potent bottle of bormotukha.
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Baird, Melissa F. "Landscapes of Extraction." In Critical Theory and the Anthropology of Heritage Landscapes. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056562.003.0006.
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This chapter presents ongoing research on the resource frontiers of Western Australia. Resource frontiers conceptually mark the space of enactment around people and resources, and engender revitalization and renewal as much as inequality, exploitation, and displacement. As spaces of connection, frontiers engage action: investment, extraction, negotiation, development, and divestment. They have engendered new paths and access to resources, and repositioned stakeholders as key negotiators in courts, public forums, and cultural heritage initiatives. This chapter asks: how have notions of landscapes come to be redefined in this process? Drawing from research along the Pilbara Coast of Western Australia, the chapter examines how this region represents a true resource frontier, with infrastructure (physical, political, and social) being built to support Australia’s expanding extractive operations. It shows how industry is mobilizing the language of heritage, Indigenous rights, and sustainability in their conceptions of heritage and through their corporate and social responsibility campaigns. The chapter argues that it is urgent to clarify the competing claims and trace the varied agendas of global institutions, corporations, the nation-state, and stakeholders. It examines how corporate conceptions of heritage intersect with ideas and issues surrounding land and access, indigeneity, sustainable development, and the rights of Indigenous peoples.
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Issa, Tomayess. "Online Survey." In Information Systems Research and Exploring Social Artifacts, 1–19. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2491-7.ch001.
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This chapter aims to demonstrate how the online survey tool was used during the PhD and postdoctoral research stages to evaluate and assess the New Participative Methodology for Developing Websites from the Marketing Perspective. After reviewing techniques from numerous disciplines for methodology integration, a new methodology was produced and an online survey to assess the methodology was completed by website industry participants and information systems professionals in Western Australia. A new online survey was developed on the basis of the PhD results and 210 Web developers and information technology professionals from Australia assessed the new methodology. This chapter will discuss three factors: the advantages and disadvantages of using an online survey in helping to facilitate high quality research and an overview of the functionality of the online survey tool(s) from a researcher’s point of view. Finally, a practical set of recommendations and endorsements is presented regarding the adoption of an online survey from the researcher’s standpoint.
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Singh, Amanpreet, Prem Chhetri, and Rajiv Padhaye. "Understanding the Port-Centric Logistics Clusters." In Innovative Solutions for Implementing Global Supply Chains in Emerging Markets, 257–72. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9795-9.ch017.
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Port-centric logistics clusters are considered as intermodal gateways and/or hubs of international trade, which connect national economies with global production networks. These clusters are spatial agglomeration of logistics related interconnected and interdependent companies. Singapore, Dubai and Rotterdam are world class exemplary of port-centric logistics clusters. The formation of these clusters is a derivative of conducive business environment generated within a geographically defined area. Despite the recognition of port-centric approach to economic development there is insufficient evidence to empirically assess the functional and spatial characteristics of port centric logistics clusters. There is also disagreement on three key questions: how port-centric logistics clusters are defined and identified, what industry types do they constitute and what methods are appropriate to delineate the boundary of port centric logistics cluster. In this paper, a spatial approach is adopted to geographically delineate the spatial congregation of port-centric logistics employment using three major container ports in Australia. Using the Census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS 2006), analysis has been conducted on employment data containing information about where people work and what industry they work within the close vicinity of case study seaports. The results show that the spatial extent Australian port centric logistics clusters, which tend to vary both in size and shape. Overall size of employment in port-related industries in Australia has grown substantially. Road freight is dominating industry in the port-centric logistics cluster with a contribution of 23.02% and 37.54% in 2001 and 2006 respectively. The range of port-centric logistics cluster in Melbourne is towards western suburbs and in Botany Bay the port-centric logistics cluster is discerned mainly around eastern suburbs and in Brisbane the spread of port-centred logistics cluster is towards southeast inner Brisbane and Northwest Inner Brisbane suburbs. This shows the impact of land use consolidation by the State Government in their effort to boost transport and warehousing employment closer to Australian container ports. The establishment of port-centric logistics clusters, we argue, could mean the opportunities for organisations to achieve agglomeration economies, increase rivalry among organizations to promote competition, access to greater pool of customers, availability of skilled labour force, closer proximity between customers and supplier, sharing of public infrastructure and resources, increased inter-firm interactions, and knowledge spill-over.
Conference papers on the topic "Potato industry – Western Australia"
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Stewart, J. R. "Electricity industry reform in Western Australia." In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2004.1338455.
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KONDRATENKO, Ekaterina P., Ekaterina A. IZHMULKINA, Tatyana A. MIROSHINA, and Oksana A. SARTAKOVA. "Competitiveness of Potato Varieties in the South-East of Western Siberia Market." In Current Trends of Agricultural Industry in Global Economy. SibAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32743/agri.gl.econ.2020.133-144.
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Pearson, James. "Western Australia: A Highly Competitive Destination For Private Sector Investment In The Offshore Petroleum Industry." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/8633-ms.
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Parker, Rob, and Nick Parkhurst. "Perth, Western Australia Regional Headquarters for Companies Servicing The Australian and South East Asian Petroleum Industry." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/8634-ms.
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Watson, Alexander, Simon Judd, and James Watson. "Away from conflict — a new paradigm for industry, regional communities, environmental organisations and traditional owners to look after the Great Western Woodlands, Western Australia." In Fourth International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/908_watson.
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Stejskal, I. V. "Drilling in Environmentally Sensitive Marine Areas in Western Australia: The Wonnich Appraisal Drilling Program Setting an Industry Example." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/8636-ms.
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Sabyrbekov, Rahat. "Software Development in Kyrgyzstan: Potential Source of Economic Growth." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00256.
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In recent years, software development in the Kyrgyz Republic demonstrated 60-70% growth rate. Kyrgyz software products are exported to Central Asian neighbors and to the Western countries such as Italy, Australia and Holland. With the highest Internet penetration in the region and pool of qualified staff Kyrgyzstan has real chances to sustain the growth rate of the industry. Moreover, the cheap labor creates comparative advantage for local software producers. The break-up the Soviet Union lead to bankruptcies of traditional industries in the Kyrgyz Republic and thousands of highly qualified engineers were left unemployed. Simultaneously since independence Kyrgyz government implemented number of reforms to encourage development of Information and Communication Technologies which lead to the establishment of ICT infrastructure in the region.
The paper analyzes the development trend of the software production industry in the Kyrgyz Republic. We will also overview international experience as in the leading software producers as well as in neighboring countries. The study also builds projections for the next decade and draw on certain policy implications. In addition the paper will provide policy recommendations. The data used is from by the Association on IT companies, questionnaires, National Statistics Committee, Word Bank and Asian Development Bank.
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Griffiths, Terry, Scott Draper, Liang Cheng, Feifei Tong, Antonino Fogliani, David White, Fraser Johnson, Daniel Coles, Stephen Ingham, and Caroline Lourie. "Subsea Cable Stability on Rocky Seabeds: Comparison of Field Observations Against Conventional and Novel Design Methods." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77130.
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As offshore renewable energy projects progress from concept demonstration to commercial-scale developments there is a need for improved approaches beyond conventional cable engineering design methods that have evolved from larger diameter pipelines for the oil and gas industry. New approaches are needed to capture the relevant physics for small diameter cables on rocky seabeds to reduce the costs and risks of power transmission and increase operational reliability. This paper reports on subsea cables that MeyGen installed for Phase 1a of the Pentland Firth Inner Sound tidal stream energy project. These cables are located on rocky seabeds in an area where severe metocean conditions occur. ROV field observation of these cables shows them to be stable on the seabed with little or no movement occurring over almost all of the cable routes, despite conventional engineering methods predicting significant dynamic movement. We cite recent research undertaken by the University of Western Australia (UWA) to more accurately assess the hydrodynamic forces and geotechnical interaction of cables on rocky seabeds. We quantify the conformity between the cables and the undulating rocky seabed, and the distributions of cable-seabed contact and spanning via simulations of the centimetric-scale seabed bathymetry. This analysis leads to calculated profiles of lift, drag and seabed friction along the cable, which show that all of these load and reaction components are modelled in an over-conservative way by conventional pipeline engineering techniques. Overall, our analysis highlights that current cable stability design can be unnecessarily conservative on rocky seabeds. Our work foreshadows a new design approach that offers more efficient cable design to reduce project capex and enhance through-life integrity management.
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McMaster, Scott Y., Dean R. Campbell, and Eric Jas. "Pipeline Shore Approach Design: Case Study." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49937.
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An insight is provided into the design of a large diameter high pressure gas pipeline shore approach for an LNG project off the coast of North Western Australia. The shore approach is located in a challenging and congested area, within one of Australia’s busiest ports. In close proximity to the pipeline route are two existing high pressure gas pipelines, several major shipping channels, a large spoil ground and environmentally sensitive coral reefs. Throughout the design process, careful consideration has been given to environmental and heritage constraints. In the case of the pipeline shore approach, prevention of coral mortality due to dredging induced turbidity has been a key priority. Ensuring the preservation of the heritage site adjacent to the landfall site has also been a major consideration. This paper describes the numerous challenges faced in designing the pipeline shore approach. A description of the design processes used to develop the secondary stabilisation and accidental external impact designs is provided. The unique methods employed to install the trunkline system across an operating shipping channel are also described. The information provided in this paper can be applied to the design and development of numerous pipeline shore approaches in the future. Individuals interested in pipeline secondary stabilisation, impact protection, shore crossings and pipelay techniques will also find this paper of value. This paper contributes to the technical knowledge base of the offshore industry by displaying the benefits of effectively combining relevant theoretical approaches with state of the art physical model testing methods and best practice installation techniques. This work demonstrates how innovative design practices can be successfully applied to produce a safe, cost effective and robust pipeline shore approach design in a challenging area.
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Blumberg, Matthew, Elizabeth Tellier, Dhyanjyoti Deka, and Tongming Zhou. "Experimental Evaluation of Vortex Induced Vibration Response of Straked Pipes in Tandem Arrangements." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83772.
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Vortex induced vibration (VIV) due to steady current flow can be a significant driver in the design of offshore riser systems, affecting riser global configuration, component details and overall subsea architecture. Helical strakes are known to reduce VIV but the degree of effectiveness can vary considerably depending on strake pitch, fin height and more importantly, current flow regime. In addition, the amplitude of VIV and the effectiveness of VIV suppression strakes depends on the inclination of flow to the riser (incidence angle) and presence of wake effects from adjacent risers. Test and field data regarding suppression of riser VIV by strakes is not extensively available in the public domain. This is primarily due to the proprietary nature of the tests conducted in industry. In this paper, a program of testing is devised to better understand strake effectiveness as a function of current incidence angle and the presence of adjacent risers. Experiments have been conducted on single and tandem pipe arrangements in air in order to evaluate strake suppression efficiency. Aluminium cylinders are tested in a wind tunnel in the structures laboratory of The University of Western Australia (UWA). Two sets of experiments are conducted: the first to evaluate cylinder VIV response at angles of incidence ranging from 30 to 90 degrees and the second to evaluate VIV response of the downstream pipe in a dual pipe arrangement with varying spacing between the pipes. In both cases the bare cylinders are first tested at varying flow speeds. Helical strakes are then added to the single cylinder, and downstream cylinder in the tandem pipe test, and the vibration response is recorded at varying flow speeds. From the experimentation, it can be seen that downstream cylinder motions are amplified by wake induced instability. This phenomenon is of particular concern for tightly spaced top-tensioned risers (TTR) in wellbays of tension leg platforms (TLP) and deep draft floaters. The VIV motion of the downstream, bare, wake-affected pipe, is magnified to approximately 1.3–2 times the motion of a single bare pipe. When strakes are added to the downstream cylinder, the magnification factor of the downstream cylinder response is largely increased due to the wake of the upstream bare cylinder. However, the actual VIV motions of the downstream cylinder are largely reduced when strakes are incorporated. The present work demonstrates that helical strakes provide an effective means of suppressing vortex induced vibrations of risers in riser arrays, though the degree of effectiveness is reduced in a downstream tubular compared to suppression levels for single pipes.