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Journal articles on the topic 'Potash raw materials'
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1
Luo, Qiong, Hua Zhi Gu, Ao Huang, and Mei Jie Zhang. "Potash Erosion Resistance of Chromium-Containing Materials." Solid State Phenomena 281 (August 2018): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.281.144.
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Compared with the traditional entrained flow gasifier, coal catalytic gasifier has the advantages of low reaction temperature, high production efficiency and low energy consumption, but it also has higher requirements for potash erosion resistance. Chromium-containing material is commonly used as lining material for gasification furnaces. In this paper, potash erosion resistance of chromium-containing raw materials and products were respectively researched by using powder tabletting sintering and potassium vapor erosion method. The potash erosion resistance are characterized by XRD and SEM. The study show that:(1)There are obvious potassium salt deposition on the surface of chromium-containing raw materials and products after potash erosion experiment. Potash reacts with chrome-corundum and magnesium-chrome spinel to form K2CrO4,and reacts with chromium oxide to form K2Cr2O7at 750°C. (2)Potassium vapor enters into chromium-containing products through pores and leads to crack formation and volume change, which destroy the structure and reduce high temperature volume stability of material.
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Qi, Hong Bin, Huan Li, and Da Wei Liu. "Preparation of Slow-Release Potash." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 1162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.1162.
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In this paper, water glass was used as the silicon source to explore the production process of silicone gel coating potassium sulfate. Two experimental programs were put forward as follows: water glass coating potassium sulfate by spraying and silicone gel coating potassium sulfate by mixing. The impacts of the ratio of raw materials, experimental temperature and experimental time on the experiment were also in consideration at the same time. The morphology of the products was characterized by the SEM.
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Surkova, T. Yu, B. E. Abdikerim, A. N. Berkinbayeva, M. N. Azlan, and Zh A. Baltabekova. "Obtaining modified sorbents based on natural raw materials of Kazakhstan and research of their properties." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 322, no. 3 (May 2, 2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.25.
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With the huge explored reserves of potash salts in Kazakhstan, there is still no production of potash fertilizers, the demand for which is constantly growing. In this regard, research of processing of the largest Chelkar deposit ore into potash fertilizers and salts is an urgent problem. The article presents the research results of washed potash ore decomposition with nitric acid and nitric acid suspension filtration. The filtering properties and granulometric composition of the insoluble residue were studied, on what basis the decomposition mode with precipitate double washing was determined. To ensure good suspension filterability, washed, uncalcined ore should be used. Tests of a by-product, gypsum, as a gypsum binder were carried out, which confirmed its compliance with the normally hardening gypsum binder of the G-2 B grade. Advantage of the obtained gypsum is its environmental friendliness. Salts, which are chlorine-free water-soluble potassium-magnesium fertilizers have been obtained by crystallization from nitric acid solution. On the basis of results of experimental-and-laboratory tests, a basic flow scheme has been developed for obtaining potash and complex potassium-nitrogen-magnesium fertilizers from the Chelkar deposit ore.
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Gazdič, Dominik, Marcela Fridrichová, Karel Dvořák, Adéla Halešová, and Dalibor Všianský. "Influence of Firing Regime and Potassium Ions on Synthetic Preparation of Belite Clinker." Solid State Phenomena 296 (August 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.296.64.
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The study of the influence of selected temperature regime and potassium ions on the process of synthesis of belite (2CaO·SiO2, C2S) was carried out. The basic raw material was calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and amorphous silica (SiO2). The dosage of both components was based on the stoichiometric ratio of CaO:SiO2 in belite. The modification of the raw meal was carried out in the form of potash, K2O. Potash was dosed in the form of potassium carbonate, K2CO3, and potassium sulfate, K2SO4. The firing process was performed in a superkanthal furnace with two temperature modes, firing temperature: 1150 °C / 3 hours soaking and 1450 °C / 5 hours soaking. The evaluation performed by the experiment was based on mineralogical analysis by XRD analysis.
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Lesovik, V. S., A. А. Sheremet, I. L. Chulkova, and A. E. Zhuravleva. "Geonics (geomimetics) and search for optimal solutions in building materials science." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-1-120-134.
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Introduction. Methodological approaches and validation of the emergence of a new transdisciplinary area -geonics, which is considered as the art of applying knowledge of the inorganic world, are presented.Materials and methods. The concept of technogenic metasomatism as a stage in the evolution of building materials, characterized by the adaptation of the composite to changing conditions is formulated. The Law of affinity of structures, which consists in the selection of raw materials for a composite with similar physical and mechanical characteristics, is described.Results. The examples of non-traditional raw materials use in the areas of construction materials science (intelligent composites, restoration mixtures) and architecture (the building of the Belarusian Potash Company in Belarus, the 'Reflection of the mineral’ building in Japan, the design concept of the monument to the Kursk magnetic anomaly) are presented.Discussion and conclusions. It is proved that the development of a transdisciplinary approach to geonics will improve the comfort of human stay in the environment.
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Correia, Sivaldo Leite, K. A. S. Curto, Dachamir Hotza, and Ana M. Segadães. "Using Experiments Design to Model Linear Firing Shrinkage of Triaxial Ceramic Bodies." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.430.
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In the development and manufacture stages of floor and wall ceramic tiles, firing shrinkage is basically determined by the combination of raw materials and frequently used as quality control parameters. This configures the ideal scenario to apply the techniques of experiments design, often used in various other areas, to model those properties of such ceramics bodies. In this work, ten formulations of three different raw materials, namely a clay mixture, potash feldspar and quartz (triaxial compositions) were selected and processed under conditions similar to those used in the ceramics industry. With the experimental results, a regression model was calculated, relating linear shrinkage with composition. After statistical analysis and verification experiments, the significance and validity of the model was confirmed. The regression model can then be used to select the best combination of those three raw materials to produce a ceramic body with specified properties.
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Kasrani, S., A. Harabi, S. E. Barama, L. Foughali, M. T. Benhassine, and D. M. Aldhayan. "Sintering and dielectric properties of a technical porcelain prepared from economical natural raw materials." Cerâmica 62, no. 364 (December 2016): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132016623641994.
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Abstract In this study, the production of a technical porcelain, for the ceramic dielectric applications by using economical natural raw materials, was investigated. The basic porcelain composition was selected consisting of 30 wt% kaolin, 45 wt% potash-feldspar and 25 wt% quartz. The obtained phases in the sintered samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and scanning electron microscopy images. It has been confirmed by these techniques that the main crystalline phases were quartz and mullite. Dielectric measurements of technical porcelains have been carried out at 1 kHz from room temperature to 200 °C. The dielectric constant, loss factor, dielectric loss tangent, and resistivity of the porcelain sample sintered at 1160 °C were 22-25, 0.32-1.80, 0.006-0.07, and 0.2-9 x 1013 Ω.cm, respectively. The value of dielectric constant was significantly high when compared to that of conventional porcelains which did not exceed generally 9.
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Baryakh, А. А., E. V. Smirnov, S. Y. Kvitkin, and L. O. Tenison. "Russian potash industry: Issues of rational and safe mining." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2022 (March 15, 2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1-41-50.
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The Russian Federation controls almost a quarter of potash fertilizer world market. Natural potassium salts serve as the main source for the fertilizer production. Mineral and raw materials base considers nine potash deposits to be on the state balance. However, potash mining in production quantities is currently executed only at the Perm region Verchnekamskoe deposit by four mines of the Uralkali Company and by the Usolskiy mine of EuroChem. During 2020 almost 52 million t were mined, which allowed to produce more than 14 million t of potash fertilizer. The main feature of salt deposit development is the necessity to protect the mines from fresh and brackish waters breakthrough. Experience of developing potash deposit throughout the world helped to formulate basic principles of mining operations. Protection of mine openings from underground and surface waters, that are corrosive to the rock salts, is secured by formation of a waterproof rock stratum, referred to as the waterproof pillar in mining practice, between the top of the upper mined layer and the bottom of the lowest aquifer. Usually, it is achieved through application of the room-and-pillar mining system that has to maintain the integrity of the waterproof pillar during the mine life until its liquidation and completion of the undermined rock mass deformation process. Despite the applied security measures, a significant number of mines were lost as a result of hazardous flooding. Three large-scale accidents took place at the Verchnekamskoe deposit. Mining and geological conditions that accompanied those hazardous situations are examined, and analysis of probable causes of water breakthrough into mine openings is carried out. Based on summarizing the experience of Verchnekamskoe potash deposit development it is demonstrated that the main factor that determines the efficiency of rock salt mining is provision of mining security and protection of mines from flooding. At the same time the approach to minimization of anthropogenic hazards should be based on applying justified engineering regulations at the mine planning stage and on the up-to-date information-based scientific support of the mining process, based on permanently functioning system of complex monitoring of the rock mass state.
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Wang, Feng Jie. "Synthesis of 1,2,13,14-Four Carboxyl-24-Crown-8." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.89.
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The corresponding salt of 1,2,13,14-four carboxyl-24-crown-8 was synthesized using the triethylene glycol and the sodium-potassium tartrate as mainly raw materials, then the goal product:1,2,13,14-four carboxyl-24-crown-8 was taken through the hydrochloric acid acidification.The idea synthesis technological conditions are :potash as catalyst,tetrahydrofuran as solvent, Triethylene glycol added using drops method, the mole ratio of reaction ( triethylene glycol : potassium tartrate sodium) is 2:1, the highest response temperature is 170 °C, for 20 hours, acidified for 4 hours, crystallized temperature at 0°C.
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Duan, Hongying, Liang Qu, Xiaolin Cheng, Yan Su, Aiguo Shen, and Shiwei Wang. "Study of Cloisonné enamel glaze of decorative components from Fuwangge in the Forbidden City by means of LA-ICP-MS and micro-Raman Spectroscopy." MRS Proceedings 1656 (August 21, 2014): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.663.
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ABSTRACTTwo Cloisonné enamel architectural components from Fuwangge in the Forbidden City that were produced from Yangzhou (one production center) in Qing Dynasty (1616-1911 A.D.) were chosen and analyzed. A combination of Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy was successfully used to analyze eight colors in enamel glazes (yellow, white, pink, turquoise, yellow green, deep blue, red and deep green). Chemical composition results reveal that the enamel glaze matrix belongs to lead-potash-lime glass (PbO-K2O-CaO-SiO2). Based on Raman spectroscopy, lead-tin yellow types II, cassiterite, lead arsenate, fluorite and hematite were found as opacifiers and/or colorants. In addition, a detailed discussion of raw materials, such as fluorite and borax, might provide valuable information to trace manufacturing technology and provenance.
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Yahya, Hamdan, Aspaniza Ahmad, Muhammad Afiq Afandi Abdul Aziz, and Malek Selamat. "Development and Characterisation of Triaxial Electrical Porcelains from Malaysian Ceramic Minerals." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-j7h71m.
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Four formulations of triaxial porcelain composed from 34 – 49% clay, 13 – 22% potash feldspar, 10 – 30% Soda feldspar and 14 – 28% silica sand, were prepared from raw materials sourced from Malaysian deposits. Specimens were made using the dry pressing method and characterized in terms of constituent oxide composition, compressive strength and powder-XRD analyses, respectively. XRD studies revealed that the crystalline phases are mullite and quartz and their intensity is almost identical for all samples fired at 1250°C but there is a decrease in quartz content as temperature is increased. Samples with 28% sand content resulted in higher compressive strength compared to those containing 14% and 25% sand. The major factor influencing compressive strength was found to be porosity in samples as opposed to crystallinity. A body EP3 with 64.9% SiO2, 25.4% Al2O3, 3.6% K2O, 1.5% Na2O and 1.09% others exhibited best mechanical properties due to greater density and lower porosity formation.
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Hou, Lei, Jin Hong Li, and Ling Xin Tong. "Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Silicate Slag Based Lightweight Wall Materials." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.110.
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Potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8) can be used to extract potassium to solve the shortage of water soluble potash resources in China, but it will produce large amount of calcium silicate slag. Resource recycling from calcium silicate slag can be realized by synthesising wall materials. In this research， calcium silicate slag based lightweight wall materials have been successfully prepared by calcium silicate hydrates (CSH), lime and fly ash through autoklave process. Furthermore, the wall materials are charactered by strength determination, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results show that the compressive strength is mainly influenced by the lime/fly ash mass ratio (L/F), CSH content and water/solid ratio (W/S). The compressive strength of 21.1-23.9 MPa and density of 0.87-0.91 g/cm3 are achieved respectively with the L/F value of 0.82-1.00, CSH content of 70 % and W/S of 0.9. The main hydrate product of wall materials is 11Å tobermorite [Ca5(OH)2Si6O16•4H2O], which is partly formed from the phase transformation of CSH, and partly produced by the reaction among raw materials during the process of autoclaving. The tobermorite is easy formed at low L/F value and it has a contribution to the low density for its flake-like structure that make the materials porous.
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Correia, Sivaldo Leite, K. A. S. Curto, Dachamir Hotza, and Ana M. Segadães. "Clays from Southern Brazil: Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.447.
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Fore knowledge of the characteristics of ceramic raw materials is of utmost importance during the development, processing and production stages of any ceramic product. This work describes the characterization of clays commonly used in the ceramics industry. Two different clays were selected: clay A, from Tubarão-SC and clay B, from Porto Alegre-RS. Their chemical composition was obtained by X-ray fluorescence and their mineralogy by X-ray diffraction, coupled with numerical rational analysis. Their thermal behaviour was studied by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Their particle size distribution and plasticity were also determined. Clay A showed circa 47.5 % quartz (by weight), 40.2 % kaolinite and 9.9 % muscovite mica. Clay B showed a high kaolinite content (circa 72 wt.%), accompanied by montmorillonite (circa 10 %) and potash feldspar (circa 10 % microcline). Clay B was found to be much more plastic than clay A, and both are suitable for pottery, tiles and brick making.
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Barno, Suondos K. A., Haider J. Mohamed, Siham M. Saeed, Mohammed J. Al-Ani, and Ammar S. Abbas. "Prepared 13X Zeolite as a Promising Adsorbent for the Removal of Brilliant Blue Dye from Wastewater." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2021.2.1.
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The research discussed the possibility of adsorption of Brilliant Blue Dye (BBD) from wastewater using 13X zeolite adsorbent, which is considered a byproduct of the production process of potassium carbonate from Iraqi potash raw materials. The 13X zeolite adsorbent was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction that showed a clear match with the standard 13X zeolite. The crystallinity rate was 82.15% and the crystal zeolite size was 5.29 nm. The surface area and pore volume of the obtained 13X zeolite were estimated. The prepared 13X zeolite showed the ability to remove BBD contaminant from wastewater at concentrations 5 to 50 ppm and the removal reached 96.60% at the lower pollutant concentration. Adsorption measurements versus time showed 48.18% removal of the dye during just the first half-hour and the maximum removal closest to the removal at the equilibrium after one and half hour. Langmuir isotherm was described the adsorption equilibrium data with a maximum adsorption capacity of 93.46 mg/g and the kinetics data of the adsorption process was followed the pseudo-second-order.
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Bilfeld, N. V., D. V. Peyas, and A. K. Shnabskaya. "STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING ORE AVERAGING BY METHODS OF CLASSICAL CONTROL THEORY." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 21, no. 3 (August 2021): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr210312.
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The importance of the problem of ore averaging at potash enterprises and the search for the optimal set of measures to eliminate the problem are shown. The problem of a large spread of insol-uble residues in the potash enterprises of the Verkhnekamsky District is identified. At the moment, it is solved by bunker averaging, but this does not always work effectively. It was suggested to use the previously described method of meaningful distribution in the warehouse and targeted sampling depending on the composition. A mathematical model of loading and unloading of the warehouse was constructed; algorithms and calculation of the coordinates of the point of discharge and extrac-tion of ore were proposed, depending on the content of insoluble residue and potassium chloride in the ore. This method excludes the possibility of manufacturing defects and carries out the averaging of raw materials in an optimal way. According to the indicators in the simulation model, targeted sampling in the warehouse reduces the percentage spread of insoluble residues in the ore. It was de-cided to investigate the sampling process in the warehouse for identification. Purpose of work is to test the possibility of controlling the sample as a conventional technological object using a propor-tional-integral-differentiating controller. To do this, the control object was identified, namely: a sin-gle impact jump was applied to the system input. Materials and methods. The standard impact was modeled on a previously developed warehouse simulation model, where the geometric parameters of the warehouse, the physical parameters of the ore elements, as well as the parameters of the noz-zle and scraper movement are set. With its help, potassium chloride from ore is conducted. The re-sults of the ore sampling are recorded for the initial installations, and then after a five percent jump. The simulation results are presented as a normalized graph for comparing the results and determin-ing the behavior of the system. Result. The resulting array of values was moved to the previously developed transfer function calculator. Based on the values found, a smoothed normalized graph was constructed, which had to be identified. As a result of this work, the transfer function of the first-order aperiodic link with a delay was obtained. Conclusion. When analyzing the graphs, a con-clusion about the validity of the obtained function was made. Based on the obtained arrays of val-ues, an error of 6,5% was calculated. The transfer function has been identified, so the sample in the warehouse can be controlled using a proportional-integral-differentiating controller.
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Golovchenko, N. Yu, O. S. Bairakova, G. I. Ksandopulo, and S. Kh Aknazarov. "Reception Ferrotungsten from Wolframite Concentrate by Alumimotermic Method." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 13, no. 3-4 (May 4, 2011): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj86.
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For the smelting ferrotungsten of raw materials (mineral) took us to calculate the charge for each experiment. To optimize the process of obtaining ferrotungsten of wolframite carried out the following activities: to reduce speed and combustion temperature. A change batch positive impact on the development of the combustion process. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the introduction of aluminium additives in excess of stoichiometry because the explosive burning regime turned into stationary. In this work the charge calculated on 300 g volframite concentrate so that as a result of the aluminotermic reaction in the alloy contained 70% of tungsten. Calculations of charge showed that in the case of the smelting of ferro-alloys and master alloys used in this work and have a high melting point (ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum, etc.) – temperature process of melting alloy is indispensable for the success of melting. To reduce the speed of combustion and the temperature were conducted experiments on selection of ballast additives which allows you to bring the process to a smooth flow of the reaction. As ballast additives used aluminium oxide. It was found that an increase of more than 20 additives reducing the release of the alloy and metal extraction. Also included experiments on selection of warm additives. Use as a warm additive of ammonium nitrate is not desirable because of the rapid reaction and loss of metal slag. The output and the extraction of metal in the application of potassium and sodium nitrate are the same but in the case of kalievoj nitrate slag can be used as a prolonged potash fertilizer. From the x-ray spectrometer alloys were analyzed.
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Bogdanov, Sergey V. "TECHNOLOGICAL ALGORITHMS OF THE PASTORAL MODEL OF METAL PRODUCTION IN THE STEPPE REGIONS OF NORTH EURASIA IN THE BRONZE AGE." Ural Historical Journal 69, no. 4 (2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-6-14.
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The original model of metal production was realized in the steppe of North Eurasia since 4th to 2nd millenium BC. It was characterized by unique features of the natural-climatic, territorial, economic-cultural (cattle-breeding) production system. Also, it was notable for specifics of ore preparation for melting using the pyrotechnic method (beneficiating and fining fire under temperatures to 1 000°C), and the chemical approach (oxidation by potash), recovery of cooper in reverberatory furnaces with segregation of smelted metals on the pyroxene or olivine slag box above and the whole pancake-shaped ingot of blister recovered cooper (93–98 % Cu; 0,5–2 % Fe; 0,5–1,5 % S and others) on the bottom of an iron mold. Various stages of the mining and smelting industry had a seasonal character and correlated with cattle-breeding cycles. In the steppe of North Eurasia, different variants of the pasturable model had existed for several millennia, combining the two largest metal-production systems of the Old World — Circum-Pontic Metallurgical Country (CPMC) and Eurasian Metallurgical Country (EAMP). The final stages of the metal tools production industry connected with molding and forging processing of items varied substantially in different cultures. Still, basic technological algorithms of cooper production had slightly evolved during the Early Metal epoch. In the steppe of North Eurasia, the metallurgical boom exhausted accessible deposits of resources traditional for 4th–2nd millenium BC, for example, sulfide ore (chalcocite and other minerals) in cooper slates and silica-carbonate metal (chrysocolla and others) in copper sandstones of the Late Permian deposits as well as secondary sulfides of “chalcocite horizons” in zones of secondary concentration of principal deposits. It led to the development of Chalcopyrite raw material of copper-pyrite deposits. The boom was connected with the activity of the Srubnaya and Alakulskaya culture’s miners in the Late Bronze Age. Chalcopyrites processing was based on technological algorithms of the pastoral mining model and metallurgical production had been formed before, in the second half of the 2nd millenium BC. Besides the involvement of practically inexhaustible resources of cooper stuff into the metallurgical division, it led to receiving a byproduct — iron and refinery slag. Theoretical points stated in the paper have been verified by archaeological materials, data of scientific analysis and a series of successful archaeological-metallurgical experiments in 2018–2020.
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Kotin, Aleksandr I., Aleksandr V. Kazakov, Nikolay K. Kirillov, and Petr V. Zaytsev. "Plant for Pre-treatment of Vegetable Crops by Complex Influence of Electrophysical Factors." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-48-53.
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Processing of onions and potato tubers before planting is carried out in order to avoid low germination and bacterial damage. Many processing methods are known, but they have a number of drawbacks. (The research purpose) The research purpose is in developing an ultra-low frequency installation with spherical resonators for pre-planting processing of vegetables (onions and potato tubers) with the implementation of a complex effect of electrophysical factors. (Materials and methods) The authors have studied the dynamics of heating of raw materials taking into account changes in the dielectric and thermal parameters of onions and potato tubers in the process of exposure to an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency. (Results and discussion) The article proposes to process vegetable seeds before planting with a complex effect of electrophysical factors: an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field and a corona discharge that provides air ionization and ozonation. It was found that the implementation of complex effects of electrophysical factors on raw materials in a continuous process is possible in the installation of ultrahigh frequency with spherical resonators containing fluoroplastic disks and below-cutoff waveguide that ensure compliance with electromagnetic safety when moving raw materials using brushes through a spherical resonator. It was found that the plant provides a complex effect of the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field, the bactericidal flow of ultraviolet rays and ozonated air on the raw material. (Conclusions) The article reveals that in the developed design of the volumetric resonator, the raw material is heated evenly due to the uniform distribution of the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field in a sphere that has a high intrinsic q-factor and due to mixing with a brush, which simultaneously supports the corona of the electro-gas discharge lamp with its leading fibers. Raw materials are subjected to complex effects of electrophysical factors, resulting in endogenous heating and disinfection.
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Stasiak, M., and M. Molenda. "Direct shear testing of flowability of food powders." Research in Agricultural Engineering 50, No. 1 (February 8, 2012): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4919-rae.
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The flow properties were determined for two groups of food powders used in industry: cereal powders and non-starch powders. Materials were different in mean sizes of particles d* ranging from 0.033 mm for potato flour to 4.449 mm for oatmeal. Experiments were performed in 60 mm in diameter direct shear tester (Jenike shear tester) for four values of consolidating stress <sub>r</sub>: 30, 60, 80 and 100 kPa. The highest values of flow function (FF) and the widest range of its variability (ranging from 0.5 kPa to 35 kPa) were found in the case of pearl barley groats. For the non-starch powders values of FF were more stable and did not exceed a limit characteristic for easy flowing materials. The highest values of FF in the group of the non-starch materials were obtained for icing sugar (from 19 kPa to 24 kPa) while the lowest found were values of FF for salt (from 3 kPa to 7 kPa). Powdered milk and potato flour showed the widest variability of FF values within the non-starch materials.
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MÄKELÄ, PIA M., HANNU J. KORKEALA, and JORMA J. LAINE. "Raw Materials of Cooked Ring Sausages as a Source of Spoilage Lactic Acid Bacteria." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.11.965.
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The microbial numbers and the lactic acid bacteria population of the raw materials of cooked ring sausages were studied in order to determine the presence of the spoilage lactic acid bacteria of the sausages. The highest aerobic plate counts and lactic acid bacteria counts (up to the level of 108 and 105 CFU/g, respectively) were found in the pork skin emulsion and the meat trimmings. Lactic acid bacteria were also commonly found in the skim milk powder and the potato flour. Lactic acid bacteria isolates able to multiply at 8°C were recovered from all the raw materials studied except for the commercial spice mixture. These isolates could be divided into 11 different groups according to their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Isolates resembling the lactic acid bacteria strains responsible for the spoilage of vacuum-packed cooked ring sausages were found in the pork skin emulsion, the meat trimmings, and the potato flour. These raw materials can thus form a source for the spoilage bacteria of the sausages at a sausage processing plant.
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Silvana Arianti, Yoesti, and Yos Wahyu Harinta. "Sweet Potatoes: Development and Potential as Alternative Food Ingredients in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 226 (2021): 00050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122600050.
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Sweet potato is a local food that can reduce dependence on rice and flour consumption. It is the main source of carbohydrates, after rice, cassava, flour and corn. The benefits and potency of sweet potatoes as alternative food needs to be developed, especially in rural areas. However, sweet potato has not been considered as an important and high economic value commodity in Indonesia. Sweet potatoes have been used as food and non-food raw materials in developed countries i.e. noodles, fried sweet potatoes, desserts, confectionery, soy sauce, flour, wine, vinegar, nata de coco, bioethanol and others. Around 89 % of sweet potatoes in Indonesia are cultivated for providing food to rural communities, the rest are used for industrial raw materials and animal feed. The content of sweet potatoes includes carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Yellow/orange sweet potato is rich in beta-carotene and purple sweet potato contains anthocyanin (antioxidants). Sweet potato production is still limited to traditional food that is less attractive compared to flour products. Meanwhile, intermediate products have been developed including flour, instant flour, and starch that can be used as a substitute for flour in pastry products, wet cakes, breads, and noodles.
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Peresichnyi, Mykhailo, Svitlana Peresichna, and Anna Sobko. "Use of Food Combinatorics in the Vegetable Dishes Development of the Improved Amino Acid Composition." Restaurant and hotel consulting. Innovations 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7468.4.1.2021.234830.
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The topicality. To date, the structure of the population’s diet has significant deviations from the formula of a balanced diet in terms of protein intake, including sulfur-containing, which causes the formation of risk factors for the development alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. For the prevention of diseases caused by protein deficiency, it is promising to increase its content in vegetable dishes due to the integrated use of raw materials and dietary supplements of high biological value. It is advisable to use food combinatorics in the innovative technologies development for vegetable dishes of improved amino acid composition. The purpose of the study is food combinatorics of amino acid composition of potato croquettes with soy flour, wheat germ; natural shrimp powder “Rieber Food Ingredients” and lentil-spirulina filling in terms of content and balance of essential and substitute amino acids and the degree of their assimilation by the human body. Research methods. Physicochemical, mathematical and statistical methods of experimental data processing with the use of information technologies, methods of ion exchange liquid column chromatography and qualimetric methods have been used. Results. Research is aimed at the use of food combinatorics and scientific substantiation of the amino acid composition of potato croquettes with the use of protein vegetable and non-fish water raw materials and dietary supplements. As a result of scientific researches the food combinatorics at development of technology of vegetable dishes has been carried out, the amino acid structure has been proved and experimentally generalized, the amino acid score and balance of sulfur-containing amino acids in the complex use of potato mass with wheat germ, soy flour, natural shrimp powder “Rieber Food Ingredients” and lentil-spirulina filling in culinary products have been analyzed. The social effect of fuller use of vegetable, non-fish water raw materials, expansion of the range of vegetable dishes with improved amino acid composition and consumer properties of potato dishes in restaurants, preservation and protection of public health has been confirmed. Conclusions and discussions. Food combinatorics was carried out during the potato croquet technology development with the use of protein vegetable and non-fish water raw materials, which contributed to the improvement of the amino acid composition of vegetable dishes and, in particular, to the increase of their biological value.
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Zdybel, Ewa, Ewa Tomaszewska-Ciosk, Gabriela Główczyńska, and Wioletta Drożdż. "The heat insulating properties of potato starch extruded with addition of chosen by- products of food industry." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2014-0065.
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Abstract The study was aimed at determination of time of heat transition through the layer of quince, apple, linen, rose pomace and potato pulp, as well as layer of potato starch and potato starch extruded with addition of above mentioned by-products. Additionally the attempt of creation a heat insulating barrier from researched raw material was made. The heat conductivity of researched materials was dependent on the type of material and its humidity. Extruded potato starch is characterized by smaller heat conductivity than potato starch extruded with addition of pomace. The obtained rigid extruded starch moulders were characterized by higher heat insulating properties than the loose beads. It is possible to use starch and by-products of food industry for production of heat insulating materials.
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Liu, Jing Jing, and Bin Li. "Preparation and Optimization of Potato Cookies." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1223.
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The purpose of this work was to optimize the technology of potato cookies. Potato, wheat flour, sugar, butter were used as the main raw materials in this experiment. By single factor experiment to determine the influence of the main factors on cookie, and through orthogonal experimental analysis that the best formula was obtained: addition of sugar 28%, ratio of wheat flour and potato flour 8:2 and butter 20%. Experimental results showed that potato cookies took on beautiful appearance, golden color, light flavor with potato and rich sweetness flavor, which was a kind of better nutrition structures and health care cookies.
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Natalia Dinda Advenia, Stefani, Maria Puri Nurani, and Kukuk Yudiono. "Optimalisasi Persediaan Bahan Baku Keripik Kentang Dengan Metode Economic Order Quantity (Studi Kasus Di Agronas Gizi Food)." Jurnal BisTek PERTANIAN: Agribisnis dan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian 6, no. 01 (December 2, 2019): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37832/bistek.v6i01.11.
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The optimalization of raw materials supply is intended to meet the needs of raw materials for the process of the production process the future; the activity of controlling raw materials manages the implementation of necessary supply in accordance with the required amount and minimal cost, which includes the problem of purchasing raw materials, storing and maintaining materials, controlling the output of the material when materials are needed and maintaining the optimal supply amount. The raw material supply control can be analyzed using the EOQ method as one of the choices in comparing the implemented company policies. This research was conducted at Agronas Gizi Food. The analysis technique used is by comparing the results of company policy calculation and the EOQ method. The calculation of company policy includes the cost of ordering (S) with the results of Rp. 183,800 / order, supply costs (H) with a result of Rp.859 / Kg, total inventory costs (TIC) that must be spent Rp.5,689,560, the frequency of purchase 30 times, with an average purchase of 1500 kg / year while the calculation method EOQ includes economical purchases (Q*) with results of 4198 kg, frequency of purchases (F) with the result 10 times a year, total inventory costs (TIC) with the result of Rp.3,605,795, safety stock Rp.3,605,795, and ROP 234 Kg. Based on the analysis technique on raw material for potato chips in Agronas Gizi Food, it can be concluded that it is not optimal because the calculation the results of company policies are greater than the EOQ method.
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Syrchina, N. В., T. Ya Ashikhmina, G. Ya Kantor, and S. G. Skugoreva. "Prospects for using glauconite-containing tails after enrichment of phosphorites to reduce nickel mobility in soils." Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 5 (2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-5-92-96.
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The phosphorite enrichment tailings (ET) of the Vyatka-Kama deposit are a valuable agrochemi¬cal raw material con-taining phosphorus, potas¬sium, sulfur and a complex of deficient micro¬elements. The presence of an effective natural sorbent glauconite (up to 70 %), lime and phos¬phate materials in ET plant makes it possible to use them as ameliorants for the rehabilitation of soils contaminated with heavy metals, in partic¬ular nickel. As a result of laboratory studies, it was found that the introduction of natural and ground ET, as well as fertilizers based on them in a dosage of 0.25 g per kg of soil leads to a decrease in the mobility of nickel in average by 35 %. The de-crease in the mobility of Ni may be due to the adsorption of this element on glauconite. The possibility of the formation of poorly soluble nickel phosphates cannot be ruled out either. The introduction of ET leads not only to a de¬crease in the mobility of Ni, but also to the en¬richment of the soil with phosphorus, potas¬sium, sulfur, and nitrogen. The accumulation of bound forms of nitrogen in the soil is due to the acti-vation of microbiological processes of nitro¬gen fixation. The agrochemically valuable composition is an important advantage of ET in comparison with lime materials used for binding Ni. Enrichment tailings are distinguished by environmental safety, low cost and availability. The use of ET as natural soil ameliorants will allow us to develop the tech¬nology of complex processing of extracted phos¬phate raw ma-terials and significantly reduce the amount of waste generated during the extraction and enrichment of phosphate raw materials.
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Combrzyński, Maciej, Leszek Mościcki, Marcin Mitrus, Karol Kupryaniuk, and Anna Oniszczuk. "Application of extrusion-cooking technique for foamed starch-based materials." BIO Web of Conferences 10 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181001004.
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Foamed materials are widely used, mainly as a protection objects during transport of various products. Traditionally foams are produced from plastics so they are very difficult for waste management. It is the challenge for many scientific centres to develop a technology for the production of bio-based materials which can be rapidly decomposed. The task for the researcher is to obtain a relatively cheap, easy to use and completely biodegradable materials. The aim of this work was the selection of the main raw materials, functional additives and process parameters to obtain the most effective parameters of extrusion-cooking process for foamed starch-based materials. Properties of the products and processing costs were taken into account. During the study, the extrusion-cooking process was performed under various conditions: temperature, humidity, type of the die, screw rotational speed, various raw materials and additives blends. The best results were obtained for mixtures based on potato starch and with addition the foaming agent Plastron foam PDE and poly(vinyl) alcohol PVA.
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Morgun, V. V., and R. A. Yakymchuk. "Cytogenetic anomalies of winter wheat cells, induced by chemical contamination of the territory of Kalush industrial district." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 9, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021867.
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Mass accumulation of toxic waste near inhabited localities has changed some regions of Ukraine, in particular Kalush industrial area (Ivano-Frankivsk region), into zones of ecological disaster. Research on cytogenetic anomalies caused by chemical soil contamination of the territories of toxic chemical warehouses will be useful in determining the level of mutagenic activity of xenobiotics when they enter the environment and potential mechanisms of the induction of chromosome reconstructions by them and mitosis disorders. The aim of the research is to study frequency and spectrum of the types of cytogenetic disorders in T. aestivum L. under the prolonged effect on the seeds of soil contaminated with hexachlorinebenzene from territories of toxic waste warehousing and to determine the level of their mutagenic activity as compared with the effect of moderate and high concentrations of N-nitrozo-N-methylurea (NMU). Seeds of winter wheat cultivars Al’batros odes’kyi and Zymoiarka were sprouted in the soil samples taken from the toxic waste ground of LLC “Oriana Halev”, its recultivated area and the dump area of Dombrovskyi potash ore mine, situated near Kalush city. Hexachlorobenzene concentrations in the soil of the studied areas exceeded CPC by 1233–18350 times. Soil samples from a tentatively clean area of Svatky village, Hadiach district, Poltava region were taken as the control. To study cytogenetic consequences of the effect of moderate and high concentrations of NMU, wheat seeds were kept in a mutagen water solution at concentrations 0.005%, 0.010%, 0.025%. Frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic anomalies were determined in the cells of sprout root meristem using the anatelophase technique. Chemical contamination of the soil exhibited high mutagenic activity which, by induction frequency of cytogenetic anomalies, exceeded the control level by 1.8–3.8 times and equalled mutagenic activity of NMU in moderate concentrations. The highest level of cytogenetic disorders, which exceeded spontaneous indicators by 3.4–3.8 times, was found when the soil contamination of the territory of the toxic waste ground with hexachlorobenzene was the most intensive. Traces of hexachlorobenzene in the soil of the recultivated plot of the ground continue to manifest high cytogenetic activity and pose a threat for the genomes of living organisms. Frequency of chromosome aberrations at a low hexachlorobenzene concentration in the soil of the disposal area of Dombrovskyi mine exceeded spontaneous indicators by 1.8–2.4 times, which is the result of its complex effect with natural-mineral compounds of mining-chemical raw materials. The increase of some bridges and acentric chromosome rings – markers of a radiation effect – among the types of cytogenetic disorders, induced by the soil contamination with hexachlorobenzene, confirms the radiometric properties of the xenobiotic, which were identified at high concentrations of NMU. The increase in the number of the cells with multiple aberrations, induced by the hexachlorоbenzene contamination of the soil holding the studied objects proves the high genotoxicity of the chemical compound and the threat of serious genetic consequences if it enters the environment.
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Matysiak, Arkadiusz, Agnieszka Wójtowicz, and Tomasz Oniszczuk. "Process Efficiency and Energy Consumption During the Extrusion of Potato and Multigrain Formulations." Agricultural Engineering 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2018-0015.
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AbstractThe aim of the research was to determine the effect of extrusion conditions (various moisture content of raw materials and screw rotation speed), as well as the effect of recipe composition on the process efficiency and the energy consumption during treatment of potato and multigrain products. The efficiency of the extrusion process (Q) was determined by the mass of the product obtained at a given time for all prepared raw material mixtures and the process parameters used, while the specific mechanical energy demand was determined using the SME index. The obtained results allow to conclude that the level of raw materials moisture content had a greater impact on the efficiency and energy consumption of the extrusion process than the variable screw speed during the treatment. The efficiency of the process increased with the increasing moisture of the tested compositions, while a decrease in the requirements of SME was observed. The use of differentiated raw material compositions also influenced the Q and SME values determined during the tests.
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Haq, Qisthy Arinal, and Eliana Wulandari. "ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH PRODUK OLAHAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum) DI KECAMATAN CIKAJANG KABUPATEN GARUT." Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis 6, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ma.v6i2.3261.
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The number of potato processors in Cikajang Sub-district Garut District is still relatively small, while Cikajang Sub-district Garut District is one of the production centers of potato commodities, which means the availability of abundant raw materials and has potential to be processed into other products to create added value. This problem can be caused by lack of information regarding the amount of added value that can be obtained from the processing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the business efficiency and added value of potato processing. This study uses a quantitative research design with a questionnaire as a research instrument to 11 potato processors in Cikajang Sub-district, Garut District using the census method in September – November 2019. Data sources used are primary and secondary data. The data collected was processed using the business efficiency analysis method (RC ratio) and Hayami method. The results showed that the efficiency of processing potatoes into potato chips in Cikajang Sub-district was 1.8 and the added value obtained was Rp 10,647.4 / kg of potato raw material with a value-added ratio of 48.04%.
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Mroczkowska, Marta, David Culliton, Kieran Germaine, and Adriana Neves. "Comparison of Mechanical and Physicochemical Characteristics of Potato Starch and Gelatine Blend Bioplastics Made with Gelatines from Different Sources." Clean Technologies 3, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020024.
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Environmentally friendly packaging is becoming more popular as the number of companies implementing more sustainable solutions continues to increase, and consumers become more aware and choose more environmentally friendly options. However, not all environmentally friendly packaging meets all desirable properties, as some are only partially made of renewable raw materials or degrade over a long period of time. Bioplastics constructed from blends of gelatine and starch are solely made from renewable raw materials. Combined with relatively short degradation times, these materials have the potential to replace currently used, non-biodegradable film and single-use plastics. However, despite these advantages, further research is required to identify the best combination of raw materials, selectively and collectively, and to then optimise the appropriate physicochemical properties of the resultant bioplastics. In this study, gelatine from different sources (piscine, porcine, bovine) combined with potato starch was used to generate home-compostable bioplastics. These bioplastics were assessed in terms of water solubility, water content, opacity, surface roughness, and key mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Significant differences were found, particularly for piscine gelatine blends. It was concluded that piscine gelatine is a promising protein with highly relevant properties for the bioplastics industry.
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CORDEIRO, Paula Novais, Skarllet Toledo CAETANO, and Raquel Moreira Maduro DE CARVALHO. "PRODUCTION OF BIOPLASTIC FROM POTATO STARCH." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 27, no. 27 (December 20, 2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v27.n27.2019.36_2019.pdf.
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Due to their diverse properties, plastic materials are used in numerous sectors. It is possible to produce different articles and plastic objects with reduced costs, being more accessible to the population. Conventional plastics are obtained from petroleum-derived raw materials, a non-renewable resource in which their extraction and refining process cause major environmental impacts. The production of plastic reaches a level of approximately one hundred and forty million tons per year, and the disposal of these materials is increasing, generating a high rate of waste and leading to an increase of pollution since the decomposition of these materials lasts about five hundred years old. Conventional plastics can be replaced by bioplastics, a material obtained from renewable raw materials such as potatoes, cassava, maize, and which, when disposed of under favorable conditions, decomposes faster, as during its degradation process at least one step occurs. Through the metabolism of organisms present in the environment. Starch has been widely used in the production of biodegradable packaging, so the objective of this work was to produce a biodegradable bioplastic from the potato starch. Potato starch, glycerin, hydrogen peroxide, distilled water, and commercial agar were used to produce the bioplastic. Bench-scale bioplastics had good organoleptic characteristics, similar in appearance to a conventional plastic obtained from petroleum. The thickness, moisture content, and solubility of the bioplastics were analyzed, as well as their fruit preservation capacity. The samples produced were rigid and with good resistance.
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Handayani, T., Kusmana, J. P. Sahat, and A. Asgar. "The Type of Seeds Did Not Alter The Quality of Potato Tuber in Four Processing Potato Varieties." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 995, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012023.
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Abstract Apical rooted cutting is a method to produce potato tuber seeds. This method used in potato tubers production as well. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences of potato tuber processing properties between those produced using tuber seeds and apical rooted cuttings in four processing potato varieties. Four main processing characteristics were analysed in the laboratory, were starch content, reducing sugar content, total soluble solid content, and specific gravity. As the result, four processing properties of potato tubers produced from cuttings were similar to those from tuber seeds. Whereas the differences between varieties occurred only in starch content and TSS content. This indicated that raw materials in the potato chips industry can be met by Medians, Spudy, as well Papita, not only Atlantik M. Therefore, apical rooted cuttings can be used as potato seeds in addition to tuber seeds in potato tuber production.
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Rosmayati, Darma Bakti, Nini Rahmawati, and Ridwansyah. "Efforts to increase production sweet potato as raw materials Kaya Beta Karoten flour by using compost baglog mushroom waste." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v5i1.4031.
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Research-based community partnership program activities involve two partners, namely the Murti Lestari Farmer Group and Agrina Creation UKM in Helvetia Village, XI Gang Sawit Hamlet, Labuhan Deli District Deli Serdang Regency. This dedication activity is the application of the results of research that had been carried out two years earlier which was USU's Talent Grants in 2017 and 2018. The problem faced was the lack of understanding of oyster mushroom baglog waste management techniques that have the potential to pollute the environment, on the other hand the farmer group Murti Lestari also experienced difficulties in increasing the quantity and quality of sweet potato production which is also widely cultivated in this village. The low interest of farmers is also encouraged because of the low price of sweet potato products and a relatively limited shelf life. The method implemented for training and discussion, accompanied by the practice of making compost from mushroom baglog waste, the practice of preparing planting material in the form of local sweet potato clones with high beta carotene content, compost application in sweet potato cultivation, maintenance to harvesting and post-harvest process using processing equipment into sweet potato flour rich in beta carotene and various other processed food products. Activities that have been carried out are training on composting of baglog mushroom waste using compost counting machines and bioactivators introduced in this activity so that the composting process goes faster, training on technical culture of orange sweet potato cultivation by applying mushroom baglog compost, training on mushroom making mushrooms and composting Oyster mushroom cultivation using shelves made of mild steel and fogging using a sprayer. Production and quality of yields of sweet potatoes that were given compost baglog oyster mushroom waste increased compared without the provision of compost. The next crop is processed into sweet potato flour with high beta carotene content and various food products using an introduced machine, which is a sweet potato slicing machine, flour machine, macaroni making machine and equipment for making sweet potato flour based food processing products.
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Pranata, Franciscus Sinung. "POTENSI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) UNGU DAN EKSTRAK BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea L.) DALAM PEMBUATAN PERMEN JELI." Pasundan Food Technology Journal 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/pftj.v8i3.4615.
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Jelly candy is a confectionery product that can be processed into various variations, both in colors, raw materials and flavors. The addition of food ingredients can be used to increase the nutrients in food products, like jelly candy. The purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the types of tubers that are commonly found in Indonesia. The use of purple sweet potatoes in Indonesia is still every low. The purple sweet potato also has a fairly high fiber content, which is equal to 4,59%. Apart from fiber, purple sweet potato extract also has antioxidant activity. Raw purple sweet potato extract had an IC50 value of 5,00 ppm, steamed purple sweet potato extract had an IC50 value of 47,82 ppm, and boiled purple sweet potato extract had an IC50 value of 86,22 ppm. In addition to purple sweet potatoes, a plant that has good antioxidant activity is blue pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.), with and IC50 value of 41,36 ppm. The Blue pea flower gets its blue color from the anthocyanin. The blue color of this flower can be used as a natural food coloring, which is much safer than use the synthetic one. Thus, these two ingredients that are high in antioxidants can be used as additional ingredients in the formulation of jelly candy as an addition to nutritional value and natural food coloring.
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Pszczółkowski, Piotr, Barbara Krochmal-Marczak, Barbara Sawicka, and Mateusz Pszczółkowski. "The Impact of Effective Microorganisms on Flesh Color and Chemical Composition of Raw Potato Tubers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 8959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198959.
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The objective of this study was to develop an innovative method of potato cultivation, with limited use of chemicals, for use in food processing. The results of the research are based on field experiments carried out between 2015 and 2017 at the Experimental Station in Parczew, Poland. The first-order factors were cultivation practices: A—standard cultivation practices with fungicides to control potato blight; and cultivation practices B, C, and D using the application of effective microorganisms (EM). The potato varieties were the second-order factor. The scope of the research included assessing the flesh color of the raw tubers and the content of dry mass, sugars and vitamin C. The color measurement of raw tubers was carried out using the CIEL *a *b* system. Cultivation methods using applications of effective microorganisms contributed significantly to the change in color brightness of the raw tuber flesh compared to the standard methods. The flesh color of the research potato cultivar tubers, their trichromatic coordinates and the reactions of potato varieties were determined according to the cultivation practices used. It was found that the brightness of the color of raw tuber flesh depends on the content of dry matter and the content of reducing sugars in the tubers.
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Combrzyński, Maciej, Arkadiusz Matwijczuk, Agnieszka Wójtowicz, Tomasz Oniszczuk, Dariusz Karcz, Jarosław Szponar, Agnieszka Niemczynowicz, et al. "Potato Starch Utilization in Ecological Loose-Fill Packaging Materials—Sustainability and Characterization." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061390.
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Biodegradable materials are used in the manufacture of packaging and compostable films and various types of medical products. These have demonstrated high potential in medical applications: cardiac, vascular and orthopaedic conditions in adults as well in children. In our research, the extrusion-cooking technique was used to obtain environmentally friendly loose-fill foams as packaging. Potato starch was the basic raw material. Polyvinyl alcohol was used as an additive in the amount of 1%, 2% and 3% to replace starch. The components were mixed and moistened with water to various initial moisture contents of the blend (17%, 18% and 19%). The processing of starch foams employed the TS-45 single screw extruder-cooker (Gliwice, Poland) with the L/D ratio of 12. The foams were processed with various screw speeds (100 and 130 rpm) and with two types of forming dies (circular and ring die). The extrusion-cooking process efficiency (kg h−1) and the energy consumption (kWh kg−1) during the processing were also measured. The results showed that the processing efficiency of potato starch foams varied depending on the level of polyvinyl alcohol, the shape of the forming die and the screw speed applied. The analysis of energy consumption, mechanical properties and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the type of the forming die and the initial moisture level had the most significant impact on specific energy demands during the processing of potato starch-based foams.
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Moede, Fika Herlina, Siang Tandi Gonggo, and Ratman Ratman. "Pengaruh Lama Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Kadar Bioetanol dari Pati Ubi Jalar Kuning (Ipomea batata L)." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 6, no. 2 (December 8, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2017.v6.i2.9238.
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The sweet potato is yellow is one that the carbohydrate that is high, so it can be used as one of the alternative raw materials for bioethanol. This study aims to determine the levels of ethanol sweet potato is yellow through fermentation with the use of yeast bread with a variety of time 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 7 days at room temperature. The results of the research showed glucose levels derived from the process of hydrolysis using acid HCl 21% were of 4.54% with high levels ethanol that optimum obtained through fermentation use of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 9.70% over fermentation 5 days.
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Omar, Shaaban Z., Ayad H. Hasan, and Ivo Lalov. "Potato Peels and Mixed Grasses as Raw Materials for Biofuel Production." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.10568.
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Biogas and fuel ethanol are renewable energy sources, can be produced from complex organic materials that are decomposed by microorganisms in the anaerobic digestion method. Potato peels (PPs) and mixed Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata grasses were assessed as a potential substrate for biomethanation in a batch method under mesophilic condition (35°C) and ethanol fermentation. The first approach of this work was focused on pretreatment of PPs using acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis to produce biogas and ethanol fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Safbrew S-33. These experiments proved that enzymatic hydrolysis produced 1.2 g/L of ethanol involved 115 h of fermentation and 665 ml/h of biogas after 451 h of biomethanation, this was more than the outcomes of acidic treatment. The second approach was concentrated on ability of biogas and ethanol production from mixed grasses treated with different acid concentrations that produced 0.16 g/L ethanol over 8 days of fermentation and 500 ml/h of biogas after 13 days of methanation technique. In general, the results pointed out that PPs and combined grasses can be used as potential substrates with raw materials for biogas and ethanol production.
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Firleja, Krzysztof, and Sebastian Kubala. "Determinants of variation of potato prices in the European Union." ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, no. 3 (January 2020): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2019-003007.
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Prices are considered to be an only, directly observable market parameter, deciding on a degree of implementation of functions of market entities. The variability is inherent to prices, in accordance to an attribute of functioning on competitive market. Examination of factors affecting the prices is particularly significant on account of occurrence of many potential variables which may impact their levels and still increasing market ties among particular economies. Potato is one of the basic agricultural raw materials in the world. Potato is of high economic value, mainly through the universal usability both by manufacturers as well as consumers. The purpose of the article was to determine of variables characterizing strong dependency on evolving level of potato prices in the EU countries. Attempts of building a model aimed at depicting potato prices evolution in the European Union countries under an influence of particular variables was performed using panel data models. Conducted analyses allowed to indicate the occurrence of regional variation of potato prices in particular European Union countries. It was also shown that essential impact on a potato prices level is potato production volume, value of gross domestic product and potato import volumes.
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Lyu, Ruiqing, Sulaiman Ahmed, Weijuan Fan, Jun Yang, Xiaoyun Wu, Wenzhi Zhou, Peng Zhang, Ling Yuan, and Hongxia Wang. "Engineering Properties of Sweet Potato Starch for Industrial Applications by Biotechnological Techniques including Genome Editing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179533.
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Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the largest food crops in the world. Due to its abundance of starch, sweet potato is a valuable ingredient in food derivatives, dietary supplements, and industrial raw materials. In addition, due to its ability to adapt to a wide range of harsh climate and soil conditions, sweet potato is a crop that copes well with the environmental stresses caused by climate change. However, due to the complexity of the sweet potato genome and the long breeding cycle, our ability to modify sweet potato starch is limited. In this review, we cover the recent development in sweet potato breeding, understanding of starch properties, and the progress in sweet potato genomics. We describe the applicational values of sweet potato starch in food, industrial products, and biofuel, in addition to the effects of starch properties in different industrial applications. We also explore the possibility of manipulating starch properties through biotechnological means, such as the CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing. The ability to target the genome with precision provides new opportunities for reducing breeding time, increasing yield, and optimizing the starch properties of sweet potatoes.
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Nurhafizah, S. M., Hazleen Anuar, M. Mel, Rashidi Othman, M. N. Nur Aisyah, and M. N. Nur Aimi. "Production of Lactic Acid from Kenaf Core Hydrolysate by Rhizopus oryzae FTCC 5215." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.248.
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Lactic acid (LA) is commercially produced biologically using food-derived raw materials such as potato and corn. It seems to be less economical since they have to compete with the food sources industries. Thus, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is found to be the best alternative to substitute the raw material for LA production. In this paper, kenaf core were used as the substrate for production of LA by Rhizopus oryzae FTCC 5215. Since kenaf is one type of lignocellulosic material which is naturally resistant to breakdown to its structural sugars, it will inhibit microorganisms to be accessed through. Thus, hydrolysis process is needed as the aid for the liberation glucose. The highest value of lactic acid produced is 15.2 g/L at 25 oC with speed 200 rpm.
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Maleke, Orlan Frenly, Eyverson ,. Ruauw, and Ribka Magdalena Kumaat. "Agrisosioekonomi: Jurnal Transdisiplin Pertanian (Budidaya Tanaman, Perkebunan, Kehutanan, Peternakan, Perikanan), Sosial dan Ekonomi 521 ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA KENTANG GORENG “POTATO MODOINDING” DI KOTA MANADO." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 15, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.15.3.2019.26165.
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This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of the "Potato Modoinding" french fries business in the city of Manado. This research was carried out in April 2018. The data used are primary data obtained from interviews with owners and business actors (two people) in the form of data: the amount of production, selling price, and investment costs. Data analysis was performed using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B / C Ratio), Payback Period (PP) and Sensitivity Analysis. The results showed this business was feasible to operate with a value of NPV = 14,045,877, IRR = 0.7623%, Net B / C Ratio = 2.309065, PP = 5 months. The business feasibility limit is when the price of potato raw materials rises by 55%.*eprm*
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Taskila, Sanna, Mikko Ahokas, Juho Järvinen, Juho Toivanen, and Juha P. Tanskanen. "Concentration and Separation of Active Proteins from Potato Industry Waste Based on Low-Temperature Evaporation and Ethanol Precipitation." Scientifica 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5120947.
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Purpose. Potato fruit juice, a residue of starch industry, contains up to 2.5% [w/w] of proteins that are potentially valuable raw-materials of food, cosmetic, and pharma industries. The recovery of protein from the potato fruit juice is limited by the lack of industrially feasible concentration and separation technologies. The present research thus aimed at development of such process for the separation of active protease inhibitors from potato fruit juice.Methods. Low temperature mechanical vapor recompression evaporation was applied for concentration of potato fruit juice followed by ethanol precipitation for recovery of active proteins. The effects of precipitation temperature and precipitative agents were investigated employing response surface modeling methodology.Results. Concentration of potato fruit juice by evaporation was successful without loss of trypsin inhibition activity. Precipitation using 6.5 M ethanol at low temperature (0–+4°C) was found suitable for the recovery of active protease inhibitors from the concentrate. Piloting at starch industry yielded 50% of total proteins, with a high quantity of active protease inhibitors and a minor inclusion of other proteins.Conclusion. Concentration by low-temperature evaporation, followed by ethanol precipitation of protease inhibitors at optimized temperature, is an attractive option for valorization of potato fruit juice.
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Slozhenkina, A. A., N. I. Mosolova, I. F. Gorlov, N. A Tkachenkova, O. Yu Mishina, I. S. Semenova, A. M. Fedotova, and T. N. Barmina. "A new type of dairy product: prospects of using environmentally friendly raw materials in the technology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/2/022106.
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Abstract To elevate the viscosity of food products, thickeners are used in the production. Thickeners change not only the texture of the product, but also stabilize disperse systems and act as water-retaining agents. The purpose of this work was to develop curd fillings with various thickeners that are based on dairy raw materials and produced by “Donskoe” agricultural farming community. The objects of the research proposed were cow’s milk, curd and samples of curd fillings with various thickeners - potato starch, corn starch and agar-agar. A set of generally accepted and standard research methods was used in the work. At the first stage, cow’s milk was examined for quality, then curd was produced, and its quality parameters were determined. On the basis of the curd obtained, a formulation for curd fillings with various thickeners was developed. Corn starch, potato starch and agar-agar were used as thickeners. The authors developed a production scheme for the products. The quality and safety indices and nutrient compositions the obtained samples were determined. At the final stage, the cost of the samples was calculated. A production technology of curd fillings with various thickeners has been developed. Samples were studied, the data obtained were analyzed, and the optimal formulation was determined.
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Boroday, A., A. Horobes, Y. Levchenko, and I. Choni. "The use of sweet potatoes in the technology of cake dough products." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 94 (December 2, 2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9403.
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The article highlights the research aimed at proving the prospects of using valuable local raw materials – sweet potatoes to increase the nutritional and biological value, as well as reducing the caloric content of flour products from cake dough. The range of flour confectionery products and the peculiarity of manufacturing technology are analyzed. Cake flour products occupy a significant place in the general structure in terms of production, although the analysis of their physical and chemical composition gives grounds to claim that they do not always have a high degree of nutritional and biological value, balanced chemical composition. This is due to the high proportion of carbohydrates, fats and low content of proteins, vitamins and other biologically active compounds. In addition to nutritional value, the shelf life of products is an important factor. Cake products belong to the fat-containing flour confectionery products, and accordingly they are subjected to oxidative treatment, which encourages the search for new antioxidants of natural origin. The aim of the work is to improve the technology of cake batter with the use of sweet potato puree and to study the influence of additives of local plant raw materials on the structural-mechanical and organoleptic characteristics of finished products. The local raw material of sweet potatoes, which is characterized by a valuable chemical composition as a source of vitamins, micro- and macroelements of pectin and dyes, was chosen as an improver. The main indicators of the quality of sweet potato puree were determined experimentally. The influence of sweet potato puree on the organoleptic characteristics of the finished products was investigated, and it was found that the introduction of 20 % puree by weight of flour is optimal. As the concentration of the puree increases, the taste of the product deteriorates, as well as the porosity decreases and the color changes. The positive effect of sweet potato puree on physico-chemical indicators of the quality of finished products has been established. When adding puree in the amount of 20 % by weight of flour, the porosity is increased by 8 % in comparison with the control sample. The technology of obtaining a cake from sweet potato puree has been developed. The prescription composition and the basic technological scheme of their production are substantiated. It is proved that flour products with the addition of sweet potato puree in the amount of 20 % to the weight of the flour are slower to harden and retain their properties for 9 days of storage. The safety of prolonged storage has been confirmed by microbiological studies. Thus, the expediency of using sweet potato puree in the technology of cake dough products in order to reduce calories, increase the biological value, improve organoleptic characteristics. As well as the possibility of replacing artificial improvers in the structure, taste and aroma of cakes, due to the substances contained in sweet potato puree.
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Sutrisno, A., S. S. Yuwono, and I. Ikarini. "Effect of glucomannan and xanthan gum proportion on the physical and sensory characteristic of gluten-free bread." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 924, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/924/1/012028.
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Abstract The increasing consumption of white bread causes the demand for raw materials, especially wheat flour to be increased. Whereas the availability of wheat as wheat flour raw material still depends on import supply. Gluten-free bread processing, which is not depending on wheat flour, is necessary to suppress excessive wheat import. As alternatives, flour derived from cereals and tubers, such as rice, corn, potato, and cassava, can be used in bread processing. The absence of gluten from the bread composition results in pale, less fluffy bread and firm crumb, and therefore it is necessary to modify the batter to improve gluten-free bread quality. This research aims to know the effect of the supplement of hydrocolloids glucomannan and xanthan gum on gluten-free batter properties and bread quality. Breads were made of rice flour, potato flour, corn and cassava starch. Batter consistency, bread specific volume (SV), crumb analysis, crust colour, crumb firmness, firmness, cohesiveness and panellists’ preference were determined. This study showed that the combination of xanthan gum: glucomannan on proportion 0.75:0.25 was the highest batter consistencies, highest specific volume, lower firmness, highest cohesive, and most preferred by panellists.
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Vaitkevičienė, Nijolė, Elvyra Jarienė, Jurgita Kulaitienė, and Dovilė Levickienė. "The Physico-Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Coloured-Flesh Potato Chips: Influence of Cultivar, Slice Thickness and Frying Temperature." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031211.
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Coloured potato chips, due to a higher concentration of bioactive compounds, may be healthier compared to traditional chips. This study examined the effect of cultivar and different slice thicknesses and frying temperatures on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of coloured potato chips. Potatoes chips were prepared from three coloured potato cultivars. Frying experiments were conducted at 160 and 180 °C using potato slices with thicknesses of 1.00 and 2.00 mm. The quality of the raw potatoes tubers and chips were estimated. A principal component analysis was applied to describe the differences in the physico-chemical characteristics between the potato chip samples processed with different conditions. The results showed that, significantly (p < 0.05), the highest amounts of total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, dry matter and starch were accumulated in raw tubers of potato cv. Blaue Anneliese. The highest amount of total phenolic content and anthocyanins was found in 1 mm chips of cv. Blaue Anneliese fried at 160 °C. An increased frying temperature significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the content of these compounds. The amount of fat in the chips was higher when they were fried at 160 °C than at 180 °C. Chips processed from potatoes cvs. Blaue Anneliese and Rosemarie showed a typical colour as a raw material. The hardness of the chips significantly (p < 0.05) increased with an increase in slice thickness. The flavour, odour and colour of the 1 mm chips of cv. Blaue Anneliese fried at 180 °C gained the highest rating.
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Fitriani, Fitriani, and Anandita Eka Setiadi. "Peningkatan Keterampilan Anak Asuh Panti Asuhan Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Donat Ubi Jalar Ungu." Al-Khidmah 1, no. 1 (August 14, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29406/al-khidmah.v1i1.1071.
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One of the programs and activities to equip the teenagers with skills is through the training of making purple sweet potato donuts. The result of these products can be sold to become a source of income. The implementation of training activities for the manufacture of purple sweet potato donuts was conducted in the Orphanage of Tunas Melati Muhammadiyah, Pontianak, which was attended by 35 participants consist of teenagers and orphanages. The atmosphere during the training was quite conducive and interesting. Phase by stage the training was followed by the residents of the orphanage well and they were very enthusiastic about the training. The result of the questionnaire that had been filled by the participants showed that most of them feel happy and enjoy the atmosphere during the training of making purple sweet potato donuts . According to them, the implementation of training activities making purple sweet potato donuts was easy to follow, done and practiced on their own. In addition, the raw materials needed were also easy to obtain and the price was relatively affordable.
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Khorenghy, N., D. Zhygunov, O. Voloshenko, and Y. Barkovska. "REGULATION OF BAKING PROPERTIES OF WHEAT FLOUR BY USING OF POTATO PRODUCTS." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 21, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v21i3.2229.
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The most common in Ukraine today is the use of a synthetic group of technological additives used in flour mills,bakeries, confectioneries, etc. However, more promising and natural is the group of herbal supplements. The articleanalyzes the influence of different potato products in the amount of 4-10 % and extrudates of different cereals on thequality of flour products. The change of properties of trial baking in comparison with the control sample is investigated.The materials of the article show the quality indicators of wheat flour TM "Bogumila" in comparison with therequirements of GSTU 46.004-99. The composition of model mixtures of wheat flour: potatoes in the ratios 96...90:4...10, as well as mashed potatoes and mash 5-10% was developed. Physicochemical parameters of laboratory bakingof bread were determined for the obtained samples.Extrusion of model mixtures of grain with raw potatoes at a temperature of + 100-120 °C and a vapor pressureof 0.2 MPa. Extruded mixtures of wheat and potatoes were added to wheat flour TM "Bogumila" in the amount of 5; 7.5and 10 % by weight of flour before kneading the dough and performed a test baking of bread. Organoleptic andphysicochemical parameters were evaluated for the obtained bread samples. Changes in the baking properties of flourwith the addition of similar crushed extrudates in different proportions have been studied. It was found that the starchcontent in extruded samples increases with increasing humidity and reaches a minimum value with a minimum contentof potatoes and grains of 1.6 and 0.6 mm.It was found that the addition of 7.5 % raw potato pulp and raw 5 % mashed potato in patent baking wheat flouris optimal due to the best quality indicators of products without significant deterioration of traditional organolepticproperties and somewhat delayed staling. Extruded wheat flour obtained from a mixture of wheat and potato, is recommendedas an additive to baking flour in an amount of not more than 7.5 %.