Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Posture humaine'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Posture humaine.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gond, Laetitia. "Système multi-caméras pour l'analyse de la posture humaine." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725684.
Full textMarti, Lucas. "Estimation de la posture humaine par capteur RGB-D." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30394.
Full textIn a world with an increasingly aging population, elderly people falling are a public health issue. The use of technology is a major development axis for fall management. We want to design a complete system for detection and estimation of falls. The target market for this system is medicalized retirement homes and individual homes. We want to improve the medical care of people after the fall in order to lower its consequences. A solution based on an ambient sensor seems to be the most adapted solution. Recent development in RGB-D (Color+Depth) sensing are a great asset thanks to their relatively low cost, wide availability and good performances. The first part of the thesis deals with the problem of segmenting people for the surrounding scene in our images. We present an algorithm that gives, thanks to use simultaneous use of color and depth, the silhouettes of each person in the room in which the sensor is installed. The algorithm is robust to the change of configuration of the room and especially to moving furniture. We use special consideration of depth to reach a performance level sufficient for an industrial application. The second part of the thesis deals with the estimation of the human posture. Once the silhouettes have been segmented with the algorithm of the first part, we want to get an estimation of every articulation of the person. We build on existing algorithms that use machine learning and in particular Random Forest by investigating new ideas to improve performances. We found optimal values for some parameters that were not previously investigated. We present a new feature to be computed on depth images. Finally we evaluate the impact of balancing the training database in our context. The algorithm provides a set of predictions for the position of every articulation. In the third part, we are interested in spatio-temporal filtering of the postures. We present different approaches and in particular we deal with the issue of left/right ambiguity that arises in the algorithm of the previous part. The approaches are based on Bayesian filtering
Gond, Laétitia. "Système multi-caméras pour l'analyse de la posture humaine." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21922.
Full textFriant, Yola. "Influence de la réduction de mobilité active et passive de la chaîne posturale. : influence sur la capacité posturo-cinétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113005.
Full textThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of passive and active components of osteoarticular mobility on the capacity posturo-kinetic. The passive component was analyzed through a paradigm of upper limb elevation at maximum velocity, during which electromyographic (Tibialis anterior, soleus) and biomechanical (force platform, accelerometer) parameters were measured. The active component was studied from an experimental paradigm associating a posturaphic examination with a bimanual compression of a dynamometric bar. Results analysis showed that the posturo-kinetic capacity (PKC) was reduced when the loss of mobility exceeded 50% at the neck level. Passively blocking the ankle joints and the cervical spine seemed more likely to reduce the PKC than blocking the knee or the lumbar spine. The study of the active component showed that the increase in active muscle tension along the trunk may impair body balance, but only when it exceeds a certain level. Thus the two components, passive and active, of the osteoarticular mobility, appeared as significant factors in the ability to compensate for the disturbances associated with postural maintenance or movement execution
Korpal, Yannick. "L'os sphénoïde dans la lignée humaine." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0065.
Full textThe sphenoid is the central bone of the human skull. Forming the skull base bone complex with the ethmoid and the basi-occipital part, this sphenoid bone is associated with the skull vault bones, the face complex and indirectly with the vertebral column. Our method is based on the use of radiographs for 107 Homo sapiens, 27 Pan and Gorilla, in addition with 23 fossil hominids, Paranthropus, Australopithecus, Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis. Classical measures as length and angulations are completed by a new model for the inner profile of the endocranium, witch is called the “ellipses method”. It’s using coronal, transverse and sagittal radiographs of the skull. The statistical analyse that follows gives us a new point of view upon the classical skull base flexion. This flexion is a characteristic of the human lineage. In Homo sapiens the skull base is completely bent in the occipital bascule movement. Compared with the African Apes, and using the Principal Component Analyses, this flexion could be split into five major processes. The main is the spheno-occipital flexion. This is linked with a pharyngeal flexion, accompanied by an enlargement of the sphenoidal facial area and a dorsal expansion. The vault is seen in hydrostatic balance with the Sphenoid by the way of the “ellipses method”. Then we can see that the vertical gain is given by the Sphenoid bone to the entire skull base, thus to the postural disposition of the axial skeleton. Four modes can be separated for distinction in the rotation mode. It could be useful to discover a fossil ape to complete this approach
Sharifi, Milani Ramin. "Contribution à l'étude des influences de l'occlusion dentaire sur la posture statodynamique humaine." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON1T022.
Full textPoirier, Eric. "Influence de paramètre biomécaniques et électrophysiologiques sur la technique de propulsion : transition de la posture classique vers la posture danseuse chez le cycliste." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/714/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to understand which elements induce postural adaptation during cycling propulsion and particularly during transition from the classical posture to the upright one. Lots of works investigate posture effect on cyclist performance. However, few studies interest in the upright posture utilization. In our knowledge, no studies clearly explain why cyclists change their posture from classical to upright when ergocycle's resistance becomes too high. Is this postural adaptation due to more force creation and/or to muscular economy? First, we have developed experimental devices allowing us to measure mechanical strain between cyclist and bicycle. We have studied mechanical and physiological parameters for each posture during power incremental test. Then, we have evaluated the more pertinent parameters influence on the transition trigger. Results show that upright posture allows musculoskeletal configuration favorable to the development of high power output. Using upright posture, absence of saddle support induces better postural adaptations to oppose to the ergocycle resistance increase. Power output growth is principally due to muscle strain increase. Electromyographic analysis shows that muscle activation is different between the two postures. In particular, biceps femoris is less activated in the upright posture in spite of the higher power output. The reduction of the duration and intensity of this muscle contraction permit to increase the rest phase. Better allocations of the effort between the muscles enable some of them to rest. This phenomenon of muscle economy could explain the transition from classical posture to the upright posture when power output get higher
Boulay, Bernard. "Reconnaissance de postures pour l'interprétation d'activité humaine." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00311741.
Full textKavounoudias, Anne. "Contrôle multimodal de la posture humaine : rôle des afférences proprioceptives musculaires et tactiles plantaires." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11061.
Full textGenon-Catalot, Denis. "Conception d'un dispositif expérimental pour l'étude des conflits vision-posture." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10109.
Full textSeigle, Benoît. "Dynamique des fluctuations posturales et influence de l'avancé en âge." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON14003.
Full textThe study of postural balance has been the subject of numerous studies focusing on the analysis of the pressure center displacement as an indicator of postural control efficiency. Specifically, a large literature focuses on the study of stabilometric measures particularly in relation with age advancing. Indeed, aging coincides with the deterioration of the postural system and its functional consequences, one of which is the fall. Until now, the characterization of the effects of age on postural stability of stabilometric measures has remained limited by the nature of the parameters used. In this work, we propose the use of new methods from dynamical system theories to define postural signatures in relation with aging. These methods are based on the analysis of the temporal structure of postural fluctuations and can provide information on their degree of complexity. Five studies have been conducted. Study 1 showed that aging significantly affects the dynamics of displacements of the pressure center. More precisely, a senior’s measures show a significant difference in the temporal structure compared to a young subject. Studies 2 and 3, more particularly focused on methodology, reinforcing the hypothesis of a stochastic nature of the dynamics (and therefore not chaotic) of postural oscilations. These two studies also allowed to develop and test two dynamical parameters, each providing different information on the structure of postural fluctuations. Study 4 showed that the dynamical and stabilometric measures are complementary and are influenced by age. This study has underlined the non-redundancy of information from each dynamical parameter. Study 5 explored the effect of a three-months training, including specific balance exercises, on the dynamical structure of postural sway of the elderly
Bazert, Cédric Boileau Marie-José Cid Mariano. "Influence de l'avancement de la mandibule sur la posture générale étude stabilométrique et compléments électromyographiques /." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/BAZERT_CEDRIC_2008.pdf.
Full textFabre, Dimitri. "Interactions posturo-vestibulaires : Intégration des informations vestibulaires dans le contrôle postural statique et dynamique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0197.
Full textIn humans, balance control is a plurimodal function based on multisensory information (visual, somatosensory and vestibular cues). In case of pathological dysfunction of the vestibular sensor, the orientation and stabilization of the head and body are altered. This leads to postural control abnormalities reflecting the integration of erroneous information by the central nervous system. In this framework, we investigated the effects of three levels of impairment of vestibular function (transient imbalance, labyrinthine intrusion and surgical removal) on static and dynamic postural control. First, we quantified the involvement of vestibular information in the dynamic control of posture (locomotion) in a context of stimulation of the semicircular canals on asymptomatic participants. Next, we determined the influence of deafness and cochlear implantation on postural control as well as the physiological integrity of the vestibular system. Finally, in the case of the development of a vestibular schwannoma and its surgical removal, we quantified the effects of preoperative vestibular solicitation by physiotherapy. It appears that the involvement of vestibular information in postural control differs according to the type of alteration. A transient imbalance of vestibular tone seems to be inhibited during a run task, without causing any change in muscular synergies during walking and running. While in a labyrinthine break-in postural control seems robust despite a change in vestibular pattern (normoreflexia → hyporeflexia) coupled to a modification of the visual perception of gravity. Finally, preoperative vestibular rehabilitation removes the deleterious effects of surgical removal on the balance control and allows the shortening of balance recovery. The discussion is structured around the adaptive processes of the central nervous system to compensate for these different levels of vestibular dysfunction on postural control. Finally, these works open clinical perspectives by improving patient care, especially during the vestibular rehabilitation
Carenzi, Franck Gorce Philippe. "Étude biomécanique de la posture de saisie lors d'un mouvement de préhension analyse cinématique, modélisation et simulation /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0245802.pdf.
Full textCarenzi, Franck. "Étude biomécanique de la posture de saisie lors d'un mouvement de préhension : analyse cinématique, modélisation et simulation." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002458020204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis work focuses on a biomechanical analysis of the prehension movement. We evaluate the influences of the object's extrinsic properties and anthropometric factor on the strategies involved by the central nervous. The second objective is to propose an architecture to predict and stimulate the movement applied to a 3D anthropomorphic polyarticulated structure. The first part presents the three experimental protocols. The first protocol concerns the determination of the joints angular limits for each finger. The second protocol details specific movements of tip-to-tip contacts. The third protocol presents reach and grasp movements, influenced by the position and orientation to the object. We quantify the biomechanical parameters corresponding to the final grasp posture of the trunk and the upper limb and note that this posture depends strongly on the environment and the anthropometric factor. Besides, different angular synergies are observed, answering to the complex redundancy problem. In the second part, a 3D anthropomorphic poly-articulated structure representing the trunk and upper limb is defined. This model is created from different experimental regression equations, which allow to determine the length of each segment from the size of the subject. In the third part, we propose an original architecture in order to predict and simulate the final grasp posture. This architecture, based on neural networks, can predict the angular configuration on the trunk and the upper-limb from the environmental conditions
HANAFI, ABDELMALEK. "Contribution de la profilometrie optique 3d a l'etude de la posture humaine. Application a la region lombaire." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2053.
Full textVernazza-Martin, Sylvie. "Equilibre et mouvement : représentation, contrôle et modélisation chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11035.
Full textSeze, Mathieu de. "Etude anatomique, cinématique et électomyographique de l'axe rachidien lors de la marche chez l'homme." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21488.
Full textMajority of studies on human locomotion concerns the kinematic of the legs and the activation of their muscles. Likely because, the most of the authors considers the trunk as an inertial mass moved by legs, there are few studies concerning movements of the trunk and activities of its muscles. Nevertheless, there are several anatomical, phylogenetic and experimental arguments suggesting the functional implication of the trunk in human walking. We focused our works on erector spinae muscles because of their important role in the active mobility of the trunk. Three main approaches have been used : (1) an anatomical approach looking for highlighting the functional role of these muscles and studying the possibility to record the activity of the erector spinae muscles ; (2) an electromyographical approach to determine the pattern of activity of axial muscles during walking ; (3) a kinematical approach to bring to light the relation between the movements of the trunk and the activity of the erector spinae muscles. Our results suggest the functional implication of the movements and of the muscles of the trunk in the genesis of the human walking
Grelat, Michaël. "Posture et locomotion dans la pathologie dégénérative du rachis lombaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK039/document.
Full textIntroductionPatients with degenerative spinal pathology generally report pain that affects their locomotor abilities. The preoperative assessment is currently based on the completion of validated self-questionnaire declarations that allow to approximate the functional state. No consensus on analyzing the results of spinal surgery is currently established. The actual functional capacities are interesting to study the impact of spinal pathologies. The evaluation of locomotor and functional capacities in a quantitative way could be used to improve the management of patients. The aim of this thesis is to use the evaluation of patients' locomotor capacities as a marker of functional abilities to describe a quantified semiology of patients who are candidates for spine surgery.Materials and methods:Implementation of the SPEED project (Quantitative motor capacities evaluation before and after spinal surgery in patients with degenerative spinal pathology). This prospective protocol was implemented in 2016 with an inclusion period of 2 years. 40 patients were included in this study. The data presented in this manuscript correspond to the preliminary studies of our results. This thesis is composed with 4 main researches: clinical and radiological quantitative evaluation of the patients, sagittal equilibrium modeling allowing a quantification of the dynamic sagittal equilibrium, and meta-analysis on the discriminant capacity of the quantified analysis of the movement about the movement of the trunk and pelvis.Results:First, for the clinical part, we find a significant gap between perceived and actual limitations of walking ability in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. The direct evaluation of the comfortable walking speed is more relevant than the walking perimeter because it correlates to the functional state and is easier to implement in practice.Second, concerning radiological analysis, we find an improvement in sagittal balance and lumbar lordosis after posterior lumbar decompression without fusion. This improvement is mostly found in patients with postural analgesic disorders related to lumbar stenosis. This analgesic compensation is difficult to distinguish from static disorders with our current measurement tools.Third, regarding motion analysis, we performed the first study showing that 3D motion parameters can correctly estimate the sagittal vertical axis computed on imaging. In addition, this estimate could be used during the gait analysis and we believe that such a type of analysis would better characterize patients' impairments during walking.Fourth, concerning the quantified trunk / pelvis analysis, we confirm that low back pain patients have different trunk / pelvis coordination in the transverse plane during walking. In addition, our meta-analysis confirms and reveals this significant difference by showing more in-phase coordination for low back pain patients compared to healthy subjects during walking. The coordination between these movements is more rigid in the presence of low back pain and reflects the neuromuscular adaptations necessary to adopt a painless protection behavior during walking.Conclusion:Quantitative analysis of function and locomotion through the use of different functional and dynamic measures provides a better assessment of patients. This analysis can be done through complementary walk tests that are easy to implement in our daily practice, but also by new technologies using motion analysis
Gréa, Hélène. "Planification et contrôle en temps réel d'un mouvement de pointage ou de saisie d'une cible visuelle : une approche pluridisciplinaire." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T008.
Full textLeroy, David. "Etude de l'influence de la pratique sportive sur la marche : comparaison des variables spatiotemporelles et cinématiques de la locomotion de sujets sportifs et non sportifs." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20057.
Full textThe aim of that study was to study the influence of a preferentially unilateral (fencing, basketball, soccer) versus bilateral (swimming) sporting activity on the spontaneous locomotion. Two systems have been used to evaluate the gait : the measurement of the spatiotemporal variables by the Bessou's gait analyser, and the measurement of the cinematic variables by the optoelectronic system Vicon. Results have shown : a better energetic efficiency of the gait with the sportsmen than the sedentary subjects ; an increase of the duration of the right propulsion double support with subjects practising a preferentially unilateral activity ; a particular gait pattern associated with the sport practised. These results confirm the influence of the pratice of a sporting activity on the organization of an automatic program such as spontaneous locomotion
Le, Mouel Charlotte. "The role of postural adjustments in motor coordination." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS474.
Full textMy thesis is that efficient motor coordination relies on the adjustment of the body mechanical properties to the task at hand, by the postural system. I first considered tasks which require immobility, such as standing still and precise and accurate tool manipulation. I developed a generic model of stabilization with neural delays. According to this model, body mechanical properties such as stiffness and inertia play a critical role for maintaining immobility despite external perturbations, since they determine the relative speed at which perturbations will be amplified during the response delay. I then considered the task of initiating movement. The main purpose of postural control is considered to be to counteract the destabilizing force of gravity. However, from the consideration of the mechanical requirements for movement, I arrived at a different interpretation of the experimental findings on stance and movement initiation. I therefore developed the mobility theory, which states that during skilled movement the postural system adjusts the position of the centre of mass (CoM) in view of providing torque for the movement. I then tested to what extent this ability to adjust the CoM position to the task at hand was affected by aging. I performed an experimental analysis of the postural adjustments of elderly fallers and non-fallers. I showed that both elderly fallers and non-fallers are able to adjust their posture to the task, given advance warning, but elderly fallers are less able to rapidly adjust the CoM position during the task. Thus, motor coordination relies on the rapid adjustment of the body mechanical properties to changing task requirements
Artico, Romain. "Analyse des coordinations entre la posture et le mouvement lors de l’initiation de la marche avec enjambement d’obstacle : anticipation posturale, adaptation et modélisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS178/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to investigate the postural organization of gait initiation (GI) during the application of temporal and spatial constraints. The main hypothesis was that the postural system, in the healthy young adult, is able to adapt to the degree of constraint imposed experimentally, in order to maintain an invariant level of motor performance and stability. Three studies were conducted to test this main hypothesis, with the addition of a validation study measuring the dimensions of the base of support (BOS). The objective of the first study was to analyze the effect of temporal pressure (TP) and the presence (or not) of an obstacle to be cleared on the postural organization of GI. The results showed that the duration of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) was drastically reduced under the condition of high TP (GI in reaction time) compared to the condition of low TP (GI in self-initiated). This constraint didn’t result in a decrease of stability and motor performance, probably due to the increase in APA amplitude. In addition, it has been shown that clearing an obstacle induces an increase in the duration of the swing phase causing, a potential increase of the postural instability. This negative effect was, however, counterbalanced by the development of more significant APA than without obstacle. In this first study, the height and the distance of the obstacle were fixed. The objective of the second study was to analyze the effect of a modification in the characteristics of the obstacle to be cleared, combined with a variation of temporal constraint on the postural organization of GI. Three heights and three obstacle distances, and two TP levels were combined. To insist on the adaptive character of the characteristics of APA modulation according to the spatiotemporal constraints imposed, an original mechanical model of the human body formalizing the centre of mass trajectory has been elaborated. In agreement with the first study, the results showed that postural stability and motor performance remained equivalent under the different experimental conditions, despite wide variations in the imposed stress level. The mechanical model allowed us to demonstrate that this invariance was related to the amplitude modulation of APA, thereby demonstrating the adaptability of the postural system to imposed constraints. This experiment also highlights "fortuitously" that as the obstacle distance increase, the higher percentage of forefoot strike increase. Also, the objective of the third study was to analyze the effect of the foot strike strategy (front or rear foot) on the postural organization of the GI with an obstacle to be cleared. The results showed that this postural organization was dependent on the swing foot-off strategy. These results suggested the existence of an interdependent relationship between GI's balance control mechanisms and the foot strike strategy, allowing an optimal control of stability. Finally, the objective of the fourth study was to validate the measurement of the BOS dimensions during GI using a force platform (dynamic method), taking the VICON system as gold standard. The results showed that the dynamic method was sufficiently precise to be compared to the gold standard. In conclusion, all of these results suggest that in the healthy young adult, the CNS is able to adaptively and optimally modulate the balance control mechanisms according to the spatiotemporal constraints imposed experimentally. For clinical implications, GI with obstacle to be cleared would be an interesting method of rehabilitation in both test-retest and rehabilitation where the obstacle would provide a measurable and reproducible constraint
Salini, Joseph. "Commande dynamique pour la coordination tâche/posture des humanoïdes : vers la synthèse d'activités complexes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00710013.
Full textBeliez, Lauriane. "Mécanismes spinaux et supraspinaux impliqués dans le couplage entre les réseaux locomoteurs et posturaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0367/document.
Full textLocomotor and postural functions are controlled by a set of neural networks that must interact to produce optimal locomotor behavior, adaptable to internal and external constraints of the body. Maintaining a dynamic balance during locomotion is based on internal coordination processes between spinal and supraspinal neuronal networks controlling different parts of the body (limbs, head and trunk). In this context, we have interested in the interactions between locomotor and postural functions, in spinal and supraspinal networks. The experiments were conducted on isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparations from neonatal rats, in which the spinal locomotor CPGs and the vestibular nuclei are intact. Electrophysiological, pharmacological, and neuroanatomical approaches allowed us to highlight some of the mechanisms involved in the coupling of the different neural networks. In this study we showed that the lumbar locomotor networks control the activity of axial thoracic networks, in order to produce a coordinated activation of motors networks of limbs and trunk. This coordination is modulated by amines and information from the vestibular nuclei. These data provide new evidence for spinal mechanisms involved in the coordination of motor and postural networks
Zong, Cong. "Système embarqué de capture et analyse du mouvement humain durant la marche." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839442.
Full textHuard, Yannick. "Objectivation de l'équilibre en stabilité debout et lors du cycle de marche chez le sujet âgé autonome chuteur : apport de l'Ostéopathie." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS024/document.
Full textBalance disorders, as the fall, remain frequently in the elderly, with adverse consequences on the autonomy. Three randomized trials have been conducted to identify the parameters distinguishing the “fallers autonomous elderly” and to analyze the impact of an osteopathic treatment. The 1st study concerns 33 elderly patients: 15 fallers (68,3 ± 2,7 years) and 18 no-fallers (67,7 ± 2,5years). Three stabilometric parameters and three clinical tests distinguish the two populations (p <0,05). Moreover, the osteopathic treatment improves the evaluated characteristics of fallers elderly (no significant difference). The 2nd study concerns 40 fallers and lombalgic elderly: 20 receiving an osteopathic treatment (69,5 ±3,9 years) and 20 without the osteopathic treatment (69,9 ± 3,4 years). This study identifies that the lumbar mobility is restricted for every fallers elderly and the osteopathic treatment improves the lumbar motion just after the treatment, as well as seven days after it (p ≤ 0,01). The 3rd study concerns 34 elderly patients: 17 fallers (71,3 ± 3,5 years) and 17 no-fallers (71,5 ± 4,2years). Four cinematic parameters distinguish the two populations (p ≤ 0,04). The coefficient ofdetermination R2 and the Gait Variability Index confirm that distinction. The osteopathic treatment improves the evaluated characteristics of fallers elderly (no significant difference)
Bouët, Valentine. "Modulation des informations proprioceptives et activités posturo-locomotrices : influence de la gravité chez le rat et de l'exercice chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11022.
Full textBlanc, Beyne Thibault. "Estimation de posture 3D à partir de données imprécises et incomplètes : application à l'analyse d'activité d'opérateurs humains dans un centre de tri." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0106.
Full textIn a context of study of stress and ergonomics at work for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, the company Ebhys wants to develop a tool for analyzing the activity of human operators in a waste sorting center, by measuring ergonomic indicators. To cope with the uncontrolled environment of the sorting center, these indicators are measured from depth images. An ergonomic study allows us to define the indicators to be measured. These indicators are zones of movement of the operator’s hands and zones of angulations of certain joints of the upper body. They are therefore indicators that can be obtained from an analysis of the operator’s 3D pose. The software for calculating the indicators will thus be composed of three steps : a first part segments the operator from the rest of the scene to ease the 3D pose estimation, a second part estimates the operator’s 3D pose, and the third part uses the operator’s 3D pose to compute the ergonomic indicators. First of all, we propose an algorithm that extracts the operator from the rest of the depth image. To do this, we use a first automatic segmentation based on static background removal and selection of a moving element given its position and size. This first segmentation allows us to train a neural network that improves the results. This neural network is trained using the segmentations obtained from the first automatic segmentation, from which the best quality samples are automatically selected during training. Next, we build a neural network model to estimate the operator’s 3D pose. We propose a study that allows us to find a light and optimal model for 3D pose estimation on synthetic depth images, which we generate numerically. However, if this network gives outstanding performances on synthetic depth images, it is not directly applicable to real depth images that we acquired in an industrial context. To overcome this issue, we finally build a module that allows us to transform the synthetic depth images into more realistic depth images. This image-to-image translation model modifies the style of the depth image without changing its content, keeping the 3D pose of the operator from the synthetic source image unchanged on the translated realistic depth frames. These more realistic depth images are then used to re-train the 3D pose estimation neural network, to finally obtain a convincing 3D pose estimation on the depth images acquired in real conditions, to compute de ergonomic indicators
Bazert, Cédric. "Influence de l’avancement de la mandibule sur la posture générale : étude stabilométrique et compléments électromyographiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13755/document.
Full textMandibular propulsion splints are frequently used in dento-facial orthopedics so as to stimulate the development of this maxilla. Consequently, we can notice that its centre of gravity moves forward but also that visceral (the aerodigestive apparatus) and muscle tensions appear. These elements are likely to have an influence on the position of a person standing. A stabilometric study was carried out to highlight the changes in the projection onto the ground of the body centre of gravity (PGv). We analysed and compared the effects of the wearing of three different splints (each of which required a different level of propulsion). But a comparison between these results and the normal situation (no splint worn) was also drawn. Moreover, an electromyographic study was carried out to find out which muscles were stimulated in the balance control. Its results were then added to those of the stabilometric study. These experiments mainly show that we lose control of the postural equilibrium (increase of the PGv oscillations). It also shows that when the mandible is significantly moved forward, the body center of gravity goes back into a more posterior position. This is all the more true as the splint worn does not cause much inter-maxillar disocclusion. The back flexor muscle of the foot, of the hip, of the neck and the extensor muscle of the lumbar rachis are greatly stimulated in the variations of the PGv. A postural adaptation to the mandibular advancement is hypothetically expressed, together with a criticism and an evolution of the study procedure
Mousse, Ange Mikaël. "Reconnaissance d'activités humaines à partir de séquences multi-caméras : application à la détection de chute de personne." Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0453/document.
Full textArtificial vision is an involving field of research. The new strategies make it possible to have some autonomous networks of cameras. This leads to the development of many automatic surveillance applications using the cameras. The work developed in this thesis concerns the setting up of an intelligent video surveillance system for real-time people fall detection. The first part of our work consists of a robust estimation of the surface area of a person from two (02) cameras with complementary views. This estimation is based on the detection of each camera. In order to have a robust detection, we propose two approaches. The first approach consists in combining a motion detection algorithm based on the background modeling with an edge detection algorithm. A fusion approach has been proposed to make much more efficient the results of the detection. The second approach is based on the homogeneous regions of the image. A first segmentation is performed to find homogeneous regions of the image. And finally we model the background using obtained regions
Santos, Rosangela Monteiro dos [UNESP]. "Treino de correspondência: efeitos sobre a postura sentada em escolares." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97440.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A postura sentada promovo diversas alterações nas estruturas músculo-esquelética, na circulação dos membros inferiores e no conforto dos membros superiores. Tais alterações produzem consequencias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem no âmbito escolar. Esta pesquisa buscou investigar os efeitos do procedimento de Reforço de Verbalização (RV) e Treino de Correspondência (TC) sobre a postura sentada em escolares e sobre seus relatos acerca dos posicionamentos dos pés, coluna lombar, coluna cervical e antebraços em três sequencias (Dizer-Fazer, Fazer-Dizer e Dizer-Fazer-Dizer). Participaram do estudo 9 alunos do 4º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do estado de São Paulo, com alturas semelhantes, que foram divididos em três grupos: Dizer-Fazer, (DF), Fazer-Dizer, (FD) e Dizer-Fazer-Dizer (DFD) com três alunos em cada grupo. O procedimento experimental compreendeu 4 condições experimentais: Linha de Base 1, Reforço de Verbalização (as respostas verbais corretas emitidas pelos participantes eram consequenciadas positivamente pela pesquisadora), Treino de Correspondência (a emissão das respostas verbais e dos posicionamentos corretos dos participantes eram consequenciados positivamente) e Linha de Base 2. Para verificar a correspondência entre o comportamento verbal e o não-verbal foi analisada a frequencia das respostas verbais corretas apresentadas pelos alunos em relação aos registros dos posicionamentos apresentados em relação a cada segmento corporal selecionado. Durante a Fase RV a frequencia da verbalização correta aumentou para todos os participantes dos três grupos, e os posicionamentos dos segmentos corporais pés e coluna lombar aumentaram para os participantes dos grupos DF e FD.
The sitting posture promotes several changes in the musculoskeletal structures, the movement of the lower limbs and in the comfort of the upper limbs. These effects have consequences in the teaching and learning in schools. This research investigates the effects of the procedure Boost Verbosity (VR) training and correspondence (TC) on sitting posture in children and about his statement regarding the positions of the feet, spine, cervical spine and forearm in three sequences (say-Do, Do-say and Do-Say-Say). Study participants were nine students in the 4th grade of elementary education at a public school in the state of Sao Paulo, with similar heights, which were divided into three groups: Say-Do, (DF), Do-Tell (FD) and Say-Do-Telling (DFD) with three students in each group. The experimental prodedure consisted of four experimental conditions: baseline 1, Strengthening of verbalization (the correct verbal responses issued by the participants were positive consequences for the researcher), Correspondence Training (the emission of verbal responses and the correct positioning of the participants were positive consequences) and Baseline 2. To verify the correspondence between the verbal and nonverbal analyzed the frequency of correct verbal responses made by students in relation to records of the positions presented in relation to each body segment selected. During Phase RV verbalization correct frequency increased for all three groups of participants, and positions of body segments, Iegs and lumbar spine increased for participants in the FD groups. In Phase CT correct verbalization was maintained by all participants of all groups and increased the correct position all body segments and hence the correspondence between the verbal and nonverbal behavior. In LB2 correct verbalization was maintained in all groups and there was a small decrease in matching segments of the cervical spine for all groups and for groups of forearms and DF DFD.
Mouzat, Arnaud. "Etude statistique de l'équilibre orthostatique chez l'homme." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20042.
Full textMerlino, Maria Lucia Moreira 1958. "Metáforas do corpo em transformação : experiência, percepção, postura e as relações com o Rolfing - Integração Estrutural." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285308.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T20:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Merlino_MariaLuciaMoreira_D.pdf: 1405066 bytes, checksum: db272b20e5633bde50dfe462523cf783 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Esta pesquisa investiga as relações existentes entre os conceitos de reeducação e consciência corporal promovidos através da abordagem somática Rolfing®-Integração Estrutural e a noção de experiência, quando emergem novas percepções, imagens corporais e representações mentais, colocando-se a metáfora como um produto possível do processo de exploração e transformação perceptual. O Rolfing é um sistema de reeducação postural e do movimento que, através do toque e da palavra, pode produzir alterações estruturais e funcionais do sistema musculoesquelético, mudanças nas percepções e sensações processadas no corpo. Como consequência, podem ocorrer mudanças no relacionamento com o ambiente, consigo mesmo e com o outro. O conceito de memória corporal compreende as disposições, habilidades e hábitos adquiridos num contexto social e político, que influenciam a experiência e o comportamento da pessoa, o que resulta numa trama complexa de sensações corpóreas de particular importância nas abordagens somáticas. A investigação se desdobra em três estudos de caso, abordando a relação entre instrutor e aluno e a situação em que ocorre o atendimento, como um "processo" análogo ao fazer artístico. A qualidade do toque, atenção e presença do instrutor, resultam numa escuta específica das demandas da pessoa, envolvendo tanto os discursos gestuais quanto os verbais. Podem ocorrer insights transformadores no decorrer deste percurso, e quando isso acontece, a metáfora emerge como expressão desta transformação, sendo um mecanismo de apropriação destas mudanças e propiciando processos de auto entendimento a partir do reconhecimento de um corpo-sensível. Esta pesquisa propõe uma categorização das metáforas corporais que emergem destes processos agenciados por abordagens somáticas, que podem fazer ressonância com aspectos estéticos, criativos, emocionais e éticos do sujeito
Abstract: This research investigates the relationship between the concepts of body re-education and body awareness, promoted through the somatic approach of Rolfing® Structural Integration, and also the notion of experience, from which emerge new insights, new body images and mental representations that put metaphor as a possible product of the process of perceptual exploration and processing. Rolfing is a system of postural and movement re-education in which, by touch and word, it is possible to produce structural and functional changes in the musculoskeletal system, in perceptions, and in the sensations processed in the body. As a result, changes may occur in the relationship with the environment, with the self and with others. The concept of body memory comprises dispositions, skills and habits acquired in a social and political context that influence the experience and behavior of a person, resulting in a complex web of bodily sensations of particular importance in somatic approaches. The investigation unfolds through three case studies, addressing the relationship between instructor and client, and the situation in which occurs a "process" analogous to the making of art. The quality of touch, attention and presence of the instructor, results in a specific listening to the demands of the person, involving both gestural and verbal discourse. Insights may occur in the course of this journey and, when this happens, metaphor emerges as an expression of transformation and as a mechanism of appropriation of these changes, providing self-understanding from the recognition of the 'sensitive body'. This research proposes a categorization of the bodily metaphors that emerge from a somatic approach - metaphors that have resonance with aesthetic, creative, emotional and ethical aspects
Doutorado
Artes Cenicas
Doutora em Artes
Santos, Rosangela Monteiro dos. "Treino de correspondência : efeitos sobre a postura sentada em escolares /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97440.
Full textBanca: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli
Banca: Jair Lopes Junior
Resumo: A postura sentada promovo diversas alterações nas estruturas músculo-esquelética, na circulação dos membros inferiores e no conforto dos membros superiores. Tais alterações produzem consequencias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem no âmbito escolar. Esta pesquisa buscou investigar os efeitos do procedimento de Reforço de Verbalização (RV) e Treino de Correspondência (TC) sobre a postura sentada em escolares e sobre seus relatos acerca dos posicionamentos dos pés, coluna lombar, coluna cervical e antebraços em três sequencias (Dizer-Fazer, Fazer-Dizer e Dizer-Fazer-Dizer). Participaram do estudo 9 alunos do 4º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do estado de São Paulo, com alturas semelhantes, que foram divididos em três grupos: Dizer-Fazer, (DF), Fazer-Dizer, (FD) e Dizer-Fazer-Dizer (DFD) com três alunos em cada grupo. O procedimento experimental compreendeu 4 condições experimentais: Linha de Base 1, Reforço de Verbalização (as respostas verbais corretas emitidas pelos participantes eram consequenciadas positivamente pela pesquisadora), Treino de Correspondência (a emissão das respostas verbais e dos posicionamentos corretos dos participantes eram consequenciados positivamente) e Linha de Base 2. Para verificar a correspondência entre o comportamento verbal e o não-verbal foi analisada a frequencia das respostas verbais corretas apresentadas pelos alunos em relação aos registros dos posicionamentos apresentados em relação a cada segmento corporal selecionado. Durante a Fase RV a frequencia da verbalização correta aumentou para todos os participantes dos três grupos, e os posicionamentos dos segmentos corporais pés e coluna lombar aumentaram para os participantes dos grupos DF e FD.
Abstract: The sitting posture promotes several changes in the musculoskeletal structures, the movement of the lower limbs and in the comfort of the upper limbs. These effects have consequences in the teaching and learning in schools. This research investigates the effects of the procedure Boost Verbosity (VR) training and correspondence (TC) on sitting posture in children and about his statement regarding the positions of the feet, spine, cervical spine and forearm in three sequences (say-Do, Do-say and Do-Say-Say). Study participants were nine students in the 4th grade of elementary education at a public school in the state of Sao Paulo, with similar heights, which were divided into three groups: Say-Do, (DF), Do-Tell (FD) and Say-Do-Telling (DFD) with three students in each group. The experimental prodedure consisted of four experimental conditions: baseline 1, Strengthening of verbalization (the correct verbal responses issued by the participants were positive consequences for the researcher), Correspondence Training (the emission of verbal responses and the correct positioning of the participants were positive consequences) and Baseline 2. To verify the correspondence between the verbal and nonverbal analyzed the frequency of correct verbal responses made by students in relation to records of the positions presented in relation to each body segment selected. During Phase RV verbalization correct frequency increased for all three groups of participants, and positions of body segments, Iegs and lumbar spine increased for participants in the FD groups. In Phase CT correct verbalization was maintained by all participants of all groups and increased the correct position all body segments and hence the correspondence between the verbal and nonverbal behavior. In LB2 correct verbalization was maintained in all groups and there was a small decrease in matching segments of the cervical spine for all groups and for groups of forearms and DF DFD.
Mestre
Paraizo, Marcelo Fabiano Novaes. "Confiabilidade e validade da versão brasileira da escala de controle postural e equilibrio para acidente vascular encefalico." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312348.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paraizo_MarceloFabianoNovaes_M.pdf: 2543804 bytes, checksum: 2a802bede492d07cf65fbed6a2a764f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) é a doença cerebrovascular que apresenta maior incidência e resulta em incapacidades. Um instrumento que se proponha a avaliá-los deve ter suas propriedades psicométricas estudadas. O Postural Control and Balance for Stroke Test (PCBS) foi desenvolvida por Pyöria e col. e publicado na língua inglesa no ano de 2005. O instrumento avalia mudanças posturais, equilíbrio sentado e em pé. Sendo este um instrumento importante para a área da reabilitação foi realizada a tradução para a língua portuguesa por quatro profissionais bilíngües e averiguada a confiabilidade e validade da versão brasileira da PCBS . O título da versão brasileira ficou definido como Escala de Controle Postural e Equilíbrio para Acidente Vascular Encefálico (ECPE-AVE). Com esta finalidade, 21 indivíduos acometidos por AVE foram avaliados, buscando conhecer a sua consistência interna, a confiabilidade inter-observador e a sua correlação com outras variáveis. Foi encontrada uma excelente consistência interna, Coeficiete Alfa de Cronbach, muito próximos de um para todos os quatro examinadores, todos os scores > 0.8. A confiabilidade inter-observador foi significativa, com scores acima de 0,75, no Coeficiente de Correlação Interclasses e p-valor < 0.05. A ECPE-AVE também demonstrou correlação com a maioria das variáveis às quais foi comparada. Assim o instrumento de avaliação ECPE-AVE, teve sua confiabilidade e validade avaliativa comprovada e pode ser utilizado, pelo meio acadêmico e científico, na caracterização e acompanhamento dos déficits do controle postural e equilíbrio causado por um AVE.
Abstract: Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with a high incidence and with high impairment. In order to evaluate a stroke patient, the instrument should have the psychometric properties studied. The Postural Control and Balance for Stroke Test (PCBS) was developed by Pyöria et. al. and was published in the English language in 2005. This instrument evaluates postural changes and seating and standing balance. Since this is an important instrument for the rehabilitation field, a translation for the Portuguese language was performed by four bilingual professionals and tested regarding its reliability and validity. The Brazilian title of the scale is "Escala de Controle Postural e Equilíbrio para Acidente Vascular Encefálico (ECPE-AVE)". In order to verify the internal consistence and reliability interrator, twenty one stroke subjects were evaluated, and the results were correlated with other variables. There was a high internal consistence, with Cronbach alpha coefficient close to one for all the four evaluators, Cronbach alpha coefficient > 0.8 in all the scores. The interrator reliability was significant, with scores higher than 0,75, in the Coeficiente de Correlação Interclasses and p < 0.05. The ECPE-AVE also showed correlation with almost all variables compared. Thus, the evaluation instrument ECPE-AVE is a reliable and validated instrument and can be used to characterize and to evaluate the development of postural control and balance deficits after stroke.
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Gandavadi, Amar. "Working postures in dental practitioners and dental students : relationships between posture, seating, and muscle activity." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/216/.
Full textFerreira, Dalva Minonroze Albuquerque [UNESP]. "Análise da influência do calço e do movimento de inclinação lateral da coluna vertebral em indivíduos com escoliose idiopática." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100449.
Full textO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações estáticas e dinâmicas em pacientes com escoliose idiopática na posição ortostática, sem e com inclinação lateral com restrição associadas ou não as mudanças unilaterais de calços. O grupo experimental foi constituído por pacientes com escoliose idiopática com curva dupla (³ 10°) e o grupo controle por participantes sem escoliose na mesma faixa etária (13-24 anos). Foram utilizadas três câmeras de vídeo, 18 marcadores fixados em referências anatômicas dos participantes, dois calços, de 1 e de 3 cm de altura e uma escala para restrição e padronização da inclinação lateral. As tentativas foram realizadas aleatoriamente, nas condições sem calço ou com calço baixo ou alto sob o pé direito e esquerdo e nas tarefas, estática (15 segundos) ou dinâmica (5 movimentos de inclinação lateral para direita ou esquerda). Foram calculados os ângulos posturais: alfa 1 (torácico alto), alfa 2 (torácico médio), alfa 3 (tóraco-lombar) e alfa 4 (lombar) e os ângulos segmentares: beta 1 (ombros), beta 2 (escápulas), beta 3 (pelves) e beta 4 (joelhos). Na situação estática, os grupos e os calços tiveram uma maior influência nos ângulos posturais tóracolombar e lombar e nos ângulos segmentares da pelve e do joelho. Na situação dinâmica sem calço, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre grupos, porém o calço associado aos movimentos de inclinação lateral provocou ajustes posturais compensatórios nos ângulos posturais alfas e segmentares betas, sendo que as diferenças foram maiores com o calço alto nos pacientes com escoliose, indicando um possível mecanismo corretivo. Estas alterações posturais tanto estáticas como dinâmicas, indicam a busca de uma nova organização estrutural e equilíbrio do tronco, sendo que os segmentos superiores foram mais influenciados na condição dinâmica...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate static and dynamic changes in patients with idiopathic scoliosis in the orthostatic position, with and without restricted lateral inclination associated with or not unilateral changes of shoe lifting. The experimental group was constituted by patients with idiopathic scoliosis with double curve (³ 10°) and the control group by participants without scoliosis with the same age (13-24 years). Three video cameras were used, with 18 markers fixed on the participants' anatomical references, along with two shoe lifts, 1 and 3 cm of height, and a scale for restriction and standardization of the lateral inclination. The trails were accomplished randomly, in the conditions without or with shoe lift (low or high) under the right and left foot and in the tasks, static (15 seconds) or dynamic (5 movements of lateral inclination for right or left). Postural angles: alpha 1 (thoracic high), alpha 2 (thoracic medium), alpha 3 (thoracolumbar) and alpha 4 (lumbar); and segmental angles: beta 1 (shoulders), beta 2 (scapulas), beta 3 (pelvis) and beta 4 (knees) were calculated. In the static condition, group and shoe lift mostly influenced the postural angles, thoracic-lumbar and lumbar, and the segmental angles of the pelvis and knee. In the dynamic condition without shoe lift, no difference was observed between groups, however, with shoe lift.and lateral inclination compensatory postural adjustments were observed in the postural alpha angles and segmental beta angles, with the largest differences observed in the condition with the high shoe lifting in the patients with scoliosis, indicating a possible corrective mechanism. These, static and dynamics, postural changes suggest a new structural organization and equilibrium of the trunk, with the trunk upper segments being the ones more influenced by the dynamic condition with low and high shoe lifting whereas... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Munoz, Fabien. "Evaluation biomécanique des orthèses lombaires : application à l'orthèse Lordactiv®." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994583.
Full textLima, Janice Campos. "Associação entre equilibrio corporal e fragilidade em idosos com acompanhamento ambulatorial." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311024.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T07:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_JaniceCampos_M.pdf: 1482922 bytes, checksum: fea90d49d55304fae3d417bdfb433b24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar as relações existentes entre equilíbrio corporal, critérios de fragilidade e os fatores de risco para as alterações do equilíbrio em idosos atendidos em um ambulatório de geriatria. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter transversal, quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo, de natureza multidisciplinar integrante do Projeto Temático intitulado, "Qualidade de vida em idosos; indicadores de fragilidade e de bem-estar subjetivo". Participaram do estudo 150 idosos atendidos no referido ambulatório. Os idosos foram submetidos ao teste de equilíbrio do SPPB, que avalia o equilíbrio estático na postura ortostática em três posições distintas e seqüenciadas. A avaliação da fragilidade foi realizada por meio dos critérios de Fried et al. (2001) e adaptados para o referido estudo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva, de comparação por meio do teste qui-quadrado e à regressão logística politômica utilizando o modelo de odds proporcionais. O nível de significância adotado no estudo foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Do total de 150 idosos, 63,6% são mulheres com média de idade de 76,44 (+ 7,88) anos. Somente o critério velocidade de marcha apresentou associação significativa com equilíbrio (p=0,0001) e apenas o escore 2 do teste de equilíbrio permitiu discriminar os idosos quanto ao número de critérios (p=0,0189). Quanto aos fatores de riscos, os resultados encontrados foram: sexo feminino (OR=2,27; IC=1,14-4,49), idade avançada (OR=1,07; IC=1,03-1,12), critério baixa velocidade de marcha (OR=3,01; IC=1,54-5,89), doenças do sistema nervoso (OR=8,57; IC=1,55-47,33) e apresentar nove ou mais comorbidades (OR=4,11; IC=1,54-10,95). Por meio desses achados conclui-se que o critério baixa velocidade de marcha é um fator de risco para as alterações do equilíbrio corporal. Além do mais, entre os idosos com algum critério de fragilidade o sexo feminino, a idade avançada, a presença de nove ou mais comorbidades e a redução da velocidade de marcha são fatores de risco para as alterações do equilíbrio corporal
Abstract: The general objective of the present study was to investigate the existing relations among bodily balance, frailty criterions and the risk factors for the balance changes in elderly people attended in a geriatric office. The study has a transversal, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive character, of a multidisciplinary nature as part of the Thematic Project titled "Quality of life in elderly people, frailty and subjective welfare indicators". 150 elderly people have taken part of the study and they were attended in the referred medical center. The aged people were submitted to the SPPB balance test, which evaluates the static balance on the orthostatic posture in three different and sequenced positions. The frailty evaluation was carried out through the criterions of Fried et al. (2001) and adapted to the referred study. Data were submitted to the descriptive analysis, comparison through the Chi-square test and the polytomic logistic regression using the model of proportional odds. The significance level adopted in the study was of 5% (p < 0,05). From a total of 150 old people, 63.6% are women with an age average of 76.44 (approximately 7,88 years). Only the walking speed criteria presented a meaningful association with balance (p=0.0001) and only the score number 2 of the balance test allowed discriminating the elderly people regarding the number of criterions (p=0,0189). As far as the risk factors are concerned, the results found were: female (OR=2,27; IC=1,14-4,49), advanced old age(OR=1,07; IC=1,03-1,12), low speed walking criteria (OR=3,01; IC=1,54-5,89), diseases of the nervous system (OR=8,57; IC=1,55-47,33) and present nine or more comorbidities (OR=4,11; IC=1,54-10,95). Through these findings, it is concluded that the low speed walking criteria is a risk factor for the bodily balance changes. Besides, among the elderly people with some frailty criteria, the feminine sex, advanced old age, the presence of nine or more comorbidities and the walking speed reduction are risk factors for the bodily balance changes
Mestrado
Mestre em Gerontologia
Contesini, Adriana Maria. "Posição sentada e função respiratória em dois sistemas cadeira-mesa diferentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5163/tde-03012012-112841/.
Full textHuman posture is an important object of study in physiotherapy. Specially, the study of sitting posture considering that this is the most frequently body positioning adopted by man. It is known that this is a positioning influenced significantly by the furniture used. This dissertation had intended to examine the effects on pulmonary function of the postures induced by two different table-chair systems, featuring the seated posture and respiratory function in each furniture, correlating those postures found with performance on the pulmonary function test. To achieve this purpose, initially two systematic reviews were conducted: the first related to the theme \"The evolution of man and the sitting posture: bases for the physiotherapist\" whose goal was to enable understanding of the most common sequelae caused by different postures and understand the relationships of individuals with their environment, their work and with the social and cultural aspects involved in this relationship. The second review focused on the theme: \"Influence of sitting posture changes in respiratory function review of the literature\", through which it was carried out a literature review to describe the knowledge produced about respiratory function changes in different postures, especially in a sitting posture, noting that although the pulmonary function changes are most significant in individuals with lung and heart diseases, and the elderly, even in healthy individuals changes function tests may exceed the variation of values considered normal for a given position. Throughout this study, considering that the sitting posture is the body positioning most frequently adopted by man and is influenced by the furniture used, fifteen volunteers were assessed using two Chair-table systems, one considered as a conventional system (the system) and an experimental one (System B). Postural assessment was carried out by means of photogrammetry in each furniture. These images were analyzed, estimating the average position of individuals in each furniture. Pulmonary evaluation consisted of performing spirometry. The values found were analysed by checking the means obtained in each posture. Postural and respiratory data were compared by checking whether the various positions adopted by the participants resulted in changes in the spirometric values. As a result it was found that the conventional chair led two different postural patterns, being one of them presented joint angles similar to system B, with similar spirometric results. The second group had body angles in accordance with the expected ones and spirometric results significantly lower in Fev1, Fev1/FVC and FEFmáx. System B differed from orthostatic posture only in FEFmáx, suggesting a similarity of situation. In this way, it can be concluded that the furniture used in sitting posture influences significantly respiratory function. In this study the experimental furniture proved a tool capable of benefiting the respiratory function in sitting posture, and raise the possibility of options when using conventional furniture to benefit people in special conditions such as pregnant women, obese and people with chronic lung diseases
Camargo, Lilian Calili 1975. "Efeitos imediatos do alongamento global na retração da cadeia muscular porterior-resposta eletromiografica, dinamometria e avaliação postural." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317517.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_LilianCalili_M.pdf: 1305822 bytes, checksum: 32802beb2739a287078ae90b0340c356 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar as alterações na função muscular e na postura corporal induzidas pelo alongamento global. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises da atividade eletromiográfica do músculo iliocostal lombar e do torque dos músculos paravertebrais extensores do tronco, e avaliações da postura corporal de indivíduos com retração da cadeia muscular posterior, submetidos a uma sessão de alongamento global. Foram avaliados dezesseis voluntários (8 homens e 8 mulheres), com idade de 23,13 anos (:t 2,19), integrantes da comunidade da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma avaliação radiológica dos voluntários. Seguiu-se a realização das avaliações posturais, eletromiográficas e dinamométricas, antes e imediatamente após a prática da postura de alongamento global, para verificar os efeitos da intervenção. A postura de estiramento foi executada em pé e com fechamento do ângulo coxofemoral. Para a análise eletromiográfica foi utilizado um eletromiógrafo EMG-800C (EMG System do Brasil@)habilitado para uma célula de carga de 200Kgf, com 4 canais, freqüência de amostragem de 2000 Hz, filtros Butterworth com banda de freqüência entre 20 e 500 Hz e ganho de 2000 vezes nos canais de EMG. Foram utilizados eletrodos de superfície bipolares ativos de Ag-AgCI, posicionados sobre o músculo iliocostal lombar, bilateralmente, ao nível de L2-L3. A dinamometria e os registros eletromiográficos foram realizados durante provas de extensão contra-resistida do tronco, em decúbito ventral e na posição ortostática. Os resultados revelaram melhora significativa da flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior, diminuição do torque dos músculos paravertebrais e aumento da atividade elétrica do músculo iliocostal lombar, após o alongamento. Não foram observadas alterações significativas na postura corporal dos voluntários
Abstract: The aim of this research was to verify the changes in the muscular function and corporal posture induced by global stretching. For this purpose, analyses of the electromyographic activity of the iliocostalis lumborum muscle and of the torque of the paraspinal muscles in the isometric extension of the trunk were carried out, and the body posture of individuais with retraction of the posterior muscular chain, having been subjected to a session of global stretching, were evaluated. Sixteen volunteers from the State University of Campinas community were evaluated (8 males and 8 females), with an average age of 23.13 years (:t 2.19). The volunteers composing the experimental group were first evaluated radiologically. Subsequently, postural, electromyographic and dynamometric evaluations were performed, before and immediately after the practice of postural stretching to evaluate the effects of the interventions. The elongation posture was executed standing and with closed coxofemural angle. For the electromyographic evaluation, an electromyograph EMG-800C (EMG Systems do Brasil@),enabled for a load cell of 200Kgf, composed of 4 channels, sampling frequency of 2000 Hz, Butterworth filters with frequency bands between 20 and 500Hz and gain of 2000 times in the electromyograph channels were used. Active bipolar surface electrodes, type Ag-AgCI, positioned bilaterally over the iliocostalis lumborum muscle at levels L2-L3, were used for the signal reception. The dynamometric and electromyographic readings were carried out during tests of the counter resisted. extension movement of the trunk in prono decubitus and in the upright position. The results revealed significant improvement in the flexibility of the posterior muscular chain, decrease in the torque of the paraspinal muscles and an increase of the electrical activity of the iliocostalis lumborum muscle, after stretching. No significant alterations in the corporal posture of the volunteers were observed.
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Fozzatti, Maria Celina Martins. "Efeito da reeducação postural global (RPG) na incontinencia urinaria de esforço feminina." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311597.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T05:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fozzatti_MariaCelinaMartins_M.pdf: 2306333 bytes, checksum: 040314ce3a3460ed7af49497e661b9aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A Incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) feminina, condição com alta prevalência, é definida como um sinal e sintoma ligado a distúrbios funcionais da uretra (esfíncteres) e/ou bexiga e não caracteriza uma doença. Trata-se então de uma disfunção mecânica em que alterações na biomecânica da bacia pélvica podem estar associadas à modificação deste mecanismo. Atualmente tem-se valorizado e vem-se aplicando o tratamento fisioterapêutico nesta afecção, como o treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, obtendo-se bons resultados a curto e médio prazos. Além disso, técnicas baseadas na abordagem global da paciente, que consideram aspectos da estrutura postural, estão ainda em fase de investigação. O trabalho aqui descrito constou da aplicação do tratamento da Reeducação Postural Global (RPG), trabalhando-se a reestruturação postural por meio do reequilíbrio do Sistema músculo esquelético (SME), alongamento das cadeias musculares e reequilíbrio dos eixos ósseos, num enfoque global. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da RPG nas queixas de IUE e qualidade de vida em um grupo de mulheres incontinentes. Casuística e Método: Para o estudo, foram selecionadas 26 mulheres portadoras de queixa clínica de IUE, que foram submetidas ao tratamento da RPG. O tratamento constou de sessões semanais de 50 minutos num período de três meses e posteriormente de sessões quinzenais por mais três meses. O grupo foi acompanhado por seis meses após final do tratamento, sendo reavaliado no término do tratamento, no terceiro e sexto meses. A avaliação foi feita usando Questionário de Qualidade de Vida, diário miccional de três dias, Pad Use e Avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA). No término do tratamento e no seguimento de seis meses, as pacientes também foram avaliadas por meio de escala analógica de satisfação. Resultados: Das 26 pacientes que iniciaram o programa, 25 concluíram o tratamento. No final deste quatro pacientes (16%) estavam curadas, 18 (72%) apresentaram melhora significativa e três (12%) não apresentaram melhora. No seguimento de seis meses, seis (24%) pacientes estavam curadas, 16 (64%) apresentaram melhora e três (12%) não apresentaram melhora. Diferenças significativas foram notadas no número de perdas (p<0.001), Pad Use (p<0.001) e AFA (p<0.001). Além disso, foi percebida melhora em todos os domínios do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida, especialmente em Percepção geral da saúde (p<0.005) e Impacto da incontinência (p<0.001) em todos os seguimentos da avaliação. Conclusão: A RPG induziu à melhora significativa dos sintomas de IUE e qualidade de vida no grupo de mulheres incontinentes estudado
Abstract: Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI), is defined as a signal and/or a symptom connected to functional disorders of the urethra (sphincter) and/or blader and do not characterize a disease. It is, indeed a dysfunction where alterations in the pelvis biomechanics can be associated to a modification of this mechanism. Lately, physiotherapeutic treatments, as the training of the pelvic floor muscles, have been used and good results have been obtained in short and medium terms. Besides, techniques based on a global approach of the patient, which consider also aspects of the postural structure, are still under investigation. The work hereby described consisted of the application of the Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) treatment, in which the postural restructuring is worked through the reestablishment of the balance of the skeletal muscle system, stretching of the muscle chains and rebalance of the bone axis, in a global approach. Objective: Evaluate the effects of the GPR on Stress Urinary Incontinence and Life Quality in a group of incontinent women. Material and Methods: For this study, 26 women with SUI were selected, who underwent a GPR treatment. All patients were treated for six months using GPR, 50 minutes weekly sessions during three months and three more months of sessions every other week. The patients were evaluated before and after the treatment, and also at three and six months follow-up. Outcome measures were made using King's Health Questionnaire, three days voiding diary, Pad Use and Functional Evaluation of Pelvic Floor (FEPF). In the end of the treatment and after six months, the patient satisfaction was evaluated trough a standardized analogical visual scale. Results: Twenty-five patients were available for follow-up. At the end of the treatment there were four (16%) patients completely dry, 18 (72%) pesented significant improvement and three (12%) did not presented improvement. At six months follow-up there were six (24%) patients completely dry, 16 (64%) improved and three (12%) failures. Significant differences were noted in the number of leak episodes (p<0.001), Pad Use (p<0.001) and FEPF (p<0.001). Regarding the King's Health Questionnaire, improvement in all domains were observed, especially in General Perception of Health (p<0.005), leakage impact (p<0.001) in all the moments of evaluation. Conclusion: GPR significantly improved the symptoms and Quality of Life in women with SUI
Mestrado
Pesquisa Experimental
Mestre em Cirurgia
Menegaldo, Luciano Luporini. "Modelagem matematica, simulação e controle artificial da postura em seres humanos." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264593.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T16:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menegaldo_LucianoLuporini_M.pdf: 10582841 bytes, checksum: c428ba1320f8aa3abc90149335b8ab75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997
Resumo: O desenvolvimento de próteses neurais para pacientes com lesões crônicas no sistema nervoso central, bem como o estudo do controle motor em pessoas normais, pode encontrar em ferramentas de simulação computacional importantes subsídios. Este trabalho, atendo-se à dinâmica e ao controle da postura em seres humanos, procurou desenvolver uma série de modelos que incorporassem: a mecânica de corpos rígidos, a dinâmica da contração muscular e da excitação neural e um modelo da geometria músculo-esquelética associado. Foi estabelecida uma metodologia para o projeto de um controlador, utilizando o método do LQR, e a matriz pseudo-inversa na distribuição, entre os atuadores músculo-tendíneos dos torques de controle, empregando um modelo inverso da dinâmica da contração. Os resultados de simulações para condições iniciais mostram alguns efeitos da variação das matrizes de ponderação do LQR. Discute-se em seguida o padrão de coordenação muscular obtido
Abstract: Neural prostheses and motor control studies may find in computational simulation studies helpful aids. This work, focusing on human postural dynamics and control, looked for developing a series of models that should include: rigid body mechanics, muscular contraction and neural excitation dynamics, and also an associated geometric musculoskeletal modeI. A methodology for controller design was established, using the LQR approach, and the pseudoinverse matrix for distribution of control torques among redundant musculotendon actuators, employing also an inverse model of muscular contraction dynamics. Results shows some effects on simulations for initial conditions, with LQR weight matrix variations. Muscular coordination pattem is dicussed.
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Liao, Giovanetti Claudia Oda Liao [UNESP]. "Estudo da pressão plantar em indivíduos com e sem dor temporomandibular antes e depois de uma intervenção fisioterapêutica manual na coluna cervical." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97066.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo estimar a pressão plantar em indivíduos com e sem dor temporomandibular, antes e após a intervenção fisioterapêutica manual na porção cervical. Na metodologia, utilizou-se uma plataforma de força para aquisição da distribuição das pressões plantares dos pés em duas etapas: antes e após a intervenção. Foram comparadas as forças plantares das porções ântero-medial, ânterolateral, postero-medial e postero-lateral dos pés, as quais foram quantificadas e comparadas entre os pés direito e esquerdo dos indivíduos com e sem dor antes e após a manobra fisioterapêutica. Nas comparações entre as médias dos ensaios anteriores e posteriores à intervenção fisioterapêutica para as situações com e sem sintomatologia dolorosa foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon, através do programa SSPS 15.0. As comparações dos valores médios do grupo com e sem sintomatologia dolorosa foram feitas comparando a força em cada sensor antes e depois do pé direito e esquerdo e para sensores de mesma localização antes e depois de pés diferentes. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi = 10%. Participaram 20 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, sendo 8 com dor e 12 sem dor, com idade entre 16 e 60 anos, sem qualquer queixa ou indício de outras doenças ortopédicas e/ou neurológicas. Nas comparações entre as médias de mesma posição em pés diferentes para os sujeitos com e sem dor houve maior significância estatística em detrimento das comparações entre as médias antes e depois da intervenção, isto é, dos mesmos pés. Além disso, houve um aumento na pressão plantar no retropé, o que leva a uma hipótese de menor carga distribuída nas demais porções dos pés, mesmo que não se saiba se a compensação se deu em porção dos mesopés ou do antepés.
The present study has the aim of making a research into the plantar pressure, by investigating those ones with or without temporomandibular pain, before and after a manual physicaltherapy intervention in cervical portion. In the methodology, it was used a force plataform for the acquisition of the plantar pressure distribution in two times: just before and just after the intervention. It was compared the plantar strength of the front-medial, front-lateral, back-medial e back-lateral portions of the feet. They were quantified and compared between the right and left feet of those with and without pain just before just after the manual therapy. It was used the non-parametric test Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon, using the SSPS 15.0 program to compare the medias of the essays. In the comparision of the medium values of the group with and without pain, it was compared each of the sensor stenght of the right and the left feet before and after and between them before and after in different feet. The statistic significance level was = 10%. Twenty people participated of both sexes, 8 with pain and 12 without it, between 18 e 60 years old, without any claim or symptom of orthopedic or neurological deseases. In the comparision of the medias of same position in different feet, for those with and without pain, there was more satistical significance than the comparision between the medias before and after the intervention of the same feet. More over, there was an increase of the plantar pressure of the back portions of the feet that could be compensed by the medium or front portion of one foot or the feet.
Ferreira, Dalva Minonroze Albuquerque. "Análise da influência do calço e do movimento de inclinação lateral da coluna vertebral em indivíduos com escoliose idiopática /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100449.
Full textBanca: Ana Maria Pellegrini
Banca: Cláudia Regina Sgobbi de Faria
Banca: Paula Hentschel Lobo da Costa
Banca: Rúben de Faria Negrão Filho
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações estáticas e dinâmicas em pacientes com escoliose idiopática na posição ortostática, sem e com inclinação lateral com restrição associadas ou não as mudanças unilaterais de calços. O grupo experimental foi constituído por pacientes com escoliose idiopática com curva dupla (³ 10°) e o grupo controle por participantes sem escoliose na mesma faixa etária (13-24 anos). Foram utilizadas três câmeras de vídeo, 18 marcadores fixados em referências anatômicas dos participantes, dois calços, de 1 e de 3 cm de altura e uma escala para restrição e padronização da inclinação lateral. As tentativas foram realizadas aleatoriamente, nas condições sem calço ou com calço baixo ou alto sob o pé direito e esquerdo e nas tarefas, estática (15 segundos) ou dinâmica (5 movimentos de inclinação lateral para direita ou esquerda). Foram calculados os ângulos posturais: alfa 1 (torácico alto), alfa 2 (torácico médio), alfa 3 (tóraco-lombar) e alfa 4 (lombar) e os ângulos segmentares: beta 1 (ombros), beta 2 (escápulas), beta 3 (pelves) e beta 4 (joelhos). Na situação estática, os grupos e os calços tiveram uma maior influência nos ângulos posturais tóracolombar e lombar e nos ângulos segmentares da pelve e do joelho. Na situação dinâmica sem calço, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre grupos, porém o calço associado aos movimentos de inclinação lateral provocou ajustes posturais compensatórios nos ângulos posturais alfas e segmentares betas, sendo que as diferenças foram maiores com o calço alto nos pacientes com escoliose, indicando um possível mecanismo corretivo. Estas alterações posturais tanto estáticas como dinâmicas, indicam a busca de uma nova organização estrutural e equilíbrio do tronco, sendo que os segmentos superiores foram mais influenciados na condição dinâmica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate static and dynamic changes in patients with idiopathic scoliosis in the orthostatic position, with and without restricted lateral inclination associated with or not unilateral changes of shoe lifting. The experimental group was constituted by patients with idiopathic scoliosis with double curve (³ 10°) and the control group by participants without scoliosis with the same age (13-24 years). Three video cameras were used, with 18 markers fixed on the participants' anatomical references, along with two shoe lifts, 1 and 3 cm of height, and a scale for restriction and standardization of the lateral inclination. The trails were accomplished randomly, in the conditions without or with shoe lift (low or high) under the right and left foot and in the tasks, static (15 seconds) or dynamic (5 movements of lateral inclination for right or left). Postural angles: alpha 1 (thoracic high), alpha 2 (thoracic medium), alpha 3 (thoracolumbar) and alpha 4 (lumbar); and segmental angles: beta 1 (shoulders), beta 2 (scapulas), beta 3 (pelvis) and beta 4 (knees) were calculated. In the static condition, group and shoe lift mostly influenced the postural angles, thoracic-lumbar and lumbar, and the segmental angles of the pelvis and knee. In the dynamic condition without shoe lift, no difference was observed between groups, however, with shoe lift.and lateral inclination compensatory postural adjustments were observed in the postural alpha angles and segmental beta angles, with the largest differences observed in the condition with the high shoe lifting in the patients with scoliosis, indicating a possible corrective mechanism. These, static and dynamics, postural changes suggest a new structural organization and equilibrium of the trunk, with the trunk upper segments being the ones more influenced by the dynamic condition with low and high shoe lifting whereas... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Schwertner, Débora Soccal. "Avaliação postural de idosos: metodologia e diagnóstico." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2007. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/365.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This descriptive study aimed validating the postural evaluation system and to evaluate the posture of the cervical and thoracic spine area in the sagittal plan with the level of physical activity of elderly people. The sample was composed by 72 people (elderly), being 55 women and 17 men, with average age of the 69,19 years old (_=6,63), all of them belonged to Third Age Group from the Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina UDESC. The instruments for data collection were: interview and the IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, version 8). A posture assessment system was elaborated for this study, setting up a Rotative Platform for Postural Assessment (PGAP), and also using a camera, a calibration stand and specific software; the instruments were applied individually. Data were tabulated and stored in the statistical package Statistica version 6.0, and the Pearson s Correlation Coefficient, chi-square and Student s t test were used, with a significance level of p <0,05. Fifty three of these people had age between 60 and 74 years old (young elderlies) and nineteen above to 75 (old elderlies). Most of them could be considered active physically (98,6%). Older women were more active than men. The sitting time average ( =1.876 min/sem) was superior than time spent in physical activity ( =1.732 min/sem). Young elderlies were more active ( =1.136 min/sem.) that the oldest ones ( =825 min/sem.). Younger elderlies were more active than old ones. The cervical% index average was 37,5 and the thoracic% one, 15,9. According the statistical tests, there was no significant statistically relationship between these both variables. The women presented larger cervical% index (38,4) that the men (34,5) and smaller thoracic% index (15,7 and 16,4, respectively). The youngest showed a larger cervical% (38,7) and thoracic% (15.9) index than the oldest ones (34,0 and 15,7). There was significant difference (t test) between cervical% index and age classification (p=0,0598). The apex of the cervical and thoracic for all the people was placed in the superior part of the curvature. The thoracic apex and index presented significant statistically correlation (r=0,23). It is ended that: There is no relationship between the physical activity and cervical and thoracic postures in this study. High levels of physical activity were associated to high indexes of kyphosis. This work concluded that: the evaluation system proposed got successfully with a huge applicability. The indexes proposed to measure posture of the cervical and thoracic spine area showed finely the curves characteristics. Elderly with a higher physical activity are related to more accentuated curves in the thoracic area.
Este estudo de cunho descritivo-diagnóstico teve como objetivo principal validar o sistema de avaliação postural e avaliar a postura (região cervical e torácica no plano sagital) de idosos com diferentes níveis de atividade física. Participaram do estudo 72 idosos, sendo 55 mulheres e 17 homens, com média de idade de 69,19 anos (_=6,63), pertencentes ao Grupo de Estudos da Terceira Idade (GETI) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram: entrevista contendo ficha de identificação (nome, sexo, idade, estatura) e o IPAQ (Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, versão 8, forma longa e semana normal), que avalia o nível de atividade física. Para este estudo foi elaborado um sistema de avaliação da postura, com a construção da Plataforma Giratória para Avaliação Postural (PGAP), usou-se também filmadora, suporte de calibração e software específico. Os instrumentos foram aplicados aos idosos individualmente. Os dados foram tabulados e armazenados no pacote estatístico Statistica versão 6.0, usou-se os testes de Correlação de Pearson, Qui Quadrado e t Student, adotando-se um nível de significância de p<0,05. Dos 72 idosos avaliados, 53 eram idosos jovens (60 a 74 anos) e 19 idosos idosos (acima de 75 anos). A maior parte dos idosos pôde ser considerada fisicamente ativa (98,6%). As mulheres idosas eram mais ativas que os homens. A média do tempo sentado ( =1876 min/sem) foi superior ao tempo realizando atividade física ( =1732 min/sem). Idosos jovens eram mais ativos ( =1136 min/sem.) que os idosos idosos ( =825 min/sem.). A média do índice da cervical% foi de 37,5 e da torácica% de 15,9. Segundo testes estatísticos não houve relação significativa entre estas variáveis. As mulheres apresentaram maior índice cervical% (38,4) que os homens (34,5) e menor índice torácico% (15,7 e 16,4, respectivamente). Os mais jovens apresentaram índices maiores para a cervical% (38,7) e torácica% (15,9) que os mais velhos (34,0 e 15,7). Houve diferença significativa (teste t) para o índice da cervical% e a classificação etária (p=0,0598). O ápice da curva cervical e torácica para todos os idosos estava situado na parte superior da curvatura. O ápice da torácica e o índice da torácica% apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significativa (r=0,23). Quanto mais acentuada a torácica mais superior, na curva, está o ápice. Não se observou relação entre o nível de atividade física e os valores dos índices da cervical%. Porém observou-se para a torácica. Índices mais elevados de cifose estavam associados a níveis mais elevados de atividade física. Conclui-se que: O sistema de avaliação postural construído atendeu as necessidades do estudo, e mostrou-se de fácil aplicabilidade, e seguro para os idosos. Os indicadores propostos para medição das regiões cervical e torácica possibilitaram demonstrar a magnitude e características das curvas. Idosos mais ativos estão relacionados a curvas mais acentuadas na região torácica.
Fozzatti, Maria Celina Martins. "Tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço feminina pela Reeducação Postural Global (RPG) : estudo comparativo longitudinal." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312270.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T02:53:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fozzatti_MariaCelinaMartins_D.pdf: 4656341 bytes, checksum: eb6677485cb09dbe79185403e87167c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A incontinência urinária de esforço é uma das queixas clínicas mais comuns de mulheres em consultório médico e o desequilíbrio postural tem sido considerado como possível causa deste sintoma. Estudos demonstram que disfunções posturais como a hiperlordose, a anteversão da bacia pélvica, dores lombares e fraqueza dos músculos abdominais estão associados às disfunções dos músculos do assoalho pélvico. Objetivo: Comparar o efeito da Reeducação Postural Global com o treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico no tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço feminina a curto e a longo prazo. Metodologia: Cinquenta e duas mulheres com queixa clínica de incontinência urinária de esforço foram divididas em dois grupos: o Grupo 1 (G1) recebeu tratamento pela Reeducação Postural Global em 1 sessão semanal de 50 minutos por três meses e o Grupo 2 (G2) recebeu treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico quatro vezes por semana, uma vez supervisionada em sessão individual de 50 minutos e três não supervisionadas, por três meses. Ao final do tratamento, após 6 meses, e em dois anos, foi realizada avaliação subjetiva (cura, melhora, inalterada e piora), diário miccional, avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA) e questionário de qualidade de vida. Resultados: Concluíram o tratamento 25 pacientes do G1 e 17 do G2. A avaliação subjetiva do G1 ao final do tratamento apresentou 16% cura e após seis meses, 24%. No G2, no final do tratamento, nenhuma paciente considerava-se curada, 69% referiram melhora e 31% encontravam-se inalteradas. Após seis meses, 19% referiram cura, 37,5% melhoram, 31% inalteradas e 12,5% que haviam referido melhora ao final do tratamento, apresentaram piora dos sintomas. O número de episódios de perda e o número de troca de absorventes diminuiram significativamente nos dois grupos (p<0,001), sendo significativamente menor no G1. A Avaliação Funcional do Assoalho Pélvico (AFA) melhorou significativamente nos dois grupos (p<0,001), sem diferença entre eles. A avaliação da Qualidade de Vida demonstrou melhora significativa nos dois grupos, em todos os domínios. Após dois anos foram reavaliadas 21 pacientes no G1 e 12 no G2. O G1 apresentou 47,6% de cura e o G2, 16,7%, sendo que neste grupo, 33,3% das pacientes referiram piora com relação ao final do tratamento. O número de perdas e o número de absorventes diminuíram significativamente nos dois grupos (p=0,0001), sem diferença significativa entre eles (p=0,0787 e p=0,0579, respectivamente). A AFA melhorou significativamente no G1, porém no G2, apresentou melhora significativa ao final do tratamento e mante-se inalterada no seguimento de dois anos (p=0,045). Conclusão: A RPG mostrou-se uma alternativa eficaz no tratamento da Incontinência Urinária de Esforço Feminina, com resultados comparáveis ao treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, a curto e a longo prazo
Abstract: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is one of the most common complains of women and postural unbalances have been considered as a possible cause. Studies have shown that postural disequilibrium such as hiperlordose, pelvis anteversion, lumbar pain and weakness of the abdominal muscles are associated to pelvic floor muscles dysfunctions. Objective: To compare the effect of Global Postural Re-education (GPR) and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMP) for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence at short and long term. Methodology: Fifty-two women with SUI complain were distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1) was submitted to 50 minutes weekly sessions of GPR for three months and Group 2 (G2) performed PFMT four times a week for three months, being one time in individual session under professional supervision and the other three times at home, for three months. Patients were evaluated at the end of the treatment and after six months and two years on subjective evaluation (cure, improvement, no change and recurrence), voiding diary, functional evaluation of pelvic floor (FEPF) and through a questionnaire of quality of life. Results: The number of patients completing the treatments was 25 in G1 and 17 in G2. The subjective evaluation of G1 showed cure in 16% women at the end of the treatment and 24% after six months. In G2 no women reported cure at the end of the treatment, 69% indicated improvement and 31% reported no change. After six months, the reports of cure, improvement and no change in G2 were, respectively, 19%, 37.5% and 31%. Additionally, 12.5% of the women in this group, who had referred to improvement at the end of the treatment, reported symptom recurrence after six months. The urine leakage episodes reduced significantly in both groups (p<0.001), being significantly lower in G1. PAD use reduced significantly in both groups (p<0.001) and was significantly lower in G1. FEPF improved significantly in both groups (p<0.001), with no difference between them. The evaluation of Quality of Life had shown significantly improvement in both groups, in all domains. Two years after the end of the treatment, 21 patients of G1and 12 of G2 were reevaluated. The amount of women reporting cure in G1 and G2 were, respectively, 47.6% and 16.7%. In G2, 33.3% of the patients referred to symptoms recurrence in comparison with the end of the treatment. Episodes of urine leakage and PAD use reduced significantly in both groups (p=0.0001), without significant difference between groups (p=0.0787 and p=0.0579, respectively). FEPF had shown improvement in G1 in the evaluation at six months and two years; however, in G2 it had shown improvement at the end of the treatment but it did not change in the evaluation at two years. This shows that the behavior of the groups was different throughout the time (p=0.045). Conclusion: GPR has proven to be an efficient alternative to treat SUI in women when compared to PFMT, either on short term or long term follow-up
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Doutor em Ciências
Lucena, Camila de Souza [UNESP]. "Instabilidade postural em indivíduos obesos com deficiência intelectual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87425.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O controle postural está relacionado com os ajustes corporais necessários à manutenção ou à busca da postura desejável, de acordo com a meta da tarefa. Mesmo um comportamento cotidiano como permanecer em pé, pode ser considerado uma tarefa complexa que envolve um estreito relacionamento entre informação sensorial e atividade motora. Barela (2000) afirma que as forças atuantes nos segmentos corporais não são constantes, pois, mesmo que a pessoa se mantenha o mais estável possível, o corpo nunca está totalmente imóvel. Por isso, a postura em pé é chamada de “quase-estável”. Algumas populações têm maior predisposição a apresentar problemas de ordem postural, como por exemplo, obesos, idosos ou pessoas com deficiência intelectual – DI. As pessoas obesas ou com sobrepeso, por apresentarem maior acúmulo de gordura na região abdominal, estão mais propensas à perda de equilíbrio ou eventuais quedas, pois o centro de massa está deslocado para frente. Uma população bastante exposta à obesidade é aquela com deficiência intelectual, quer seja por característica genética, por maus hábitos alimentares ou estilo de vida sedentário. A fim de verificar a associação da obesidade com a deficiência intelectual quanto ao controle postural em tarefa do tipo estática em pé, foram recrutados 40 participantes. A tarefa consistiu em permanecer em pé sobre uma plataforma de força e foram realizadas sete tentativas: uma chamada de controle na qual os pés permaneciam paralelos e os olhos abertos, três tentativas com os pés em posição semi-tandem – ST – e os olhos abertos e outras três tentativas com os pés em posição ST e os olhos fechados. As variáveis dependentes analisadas foram: amplitude média de oscilação e amplitude média da velocidade de oscilação, em ambas...
Postural control is related to the adjustments needed to maintain body or the search of desirable posture, according to the goal of the task. Even an everyday behavior such as standing, can be considered a complex task that involves a close relationship between sensory information and motor activity. According to Barela (2000) the forces acting on the body segments are not constant, so even if the person remains as stable as possible, the body is never completely still. Therefore, the standing posture is called quasi-static. Some populations are more likely to present postural problems, for example, obese, elderly or people with intellectual disabilities - ID. People who are obese or overweight, had higher accumulation of abdominal fat are more prone to loss of balance or falls, as the center of mass is moved forward. A population exposed for the obese is that with intellectual disabilities, whether by genetic feature, poor eating habits or sedentary lifestyle. In order to verify the association of obesity with intellectual disabilities on the postural control tasktype static standing, 40 participants were recruited. The task was to stand on a force platform and seven attempts were made: one call control in which the feet parallel and the eyes remained open, three attempts with their feet in a semi-tandem - ST - and open eyes and three more attempts with his feet in position ST and eyes closed. The dependent variables were analyzed: amplitude of oscillation and amplitude of the oscillation velocity in both ML and AP directions. The results showed that all participants had changed postural control in changing the position of the feet as in the occlusion of vision. The groups non-obese without ID and obese with ID were different for both variables, supporting the hypothesis that obesity affects postural control and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Pires, Ivan Luiz de Souza. "Analise da atividade eletromiografica do musculo trapezio apos intervenção do alongamento miofascial." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317510.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T06:49:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_IvanLuizdeSouza_M.pdf: 1234825 bytes, checksum: 25b457f6f01485799a7f568d52efd21a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Foram analisados por meio da eletromiografia como o mecanismo neuromuscular do músculo trapézio respondeu ao método terapêutico de alongamento miofascial. Fizeram parte da pesquisa quinze voluntários de ambos os sexos, faixa etária entre 20 e 35 anos, não praticantes de atividade específica para os membros superiores e sem história prévia de distúrbios da coluna cervical. Para comprovar a normalidade desses indivíduos foram utilizados testes específicos de avaliação da coluna cervical. Para determinar o grupo experimental e avaliar os efeitos da intervenção, foram realizadas avaliações eletromiográficas, pré e pós-procedimento de alongamento miofascial e, posteriormente, comparadas. Para análise eletromiográfica foram utilizados eletrodos de superfície fixados sobre a porção descendente do músculo trapézio. Os indivíduos permaneceram sentados, de maneira confortável, em uma cadeira de teste e realizaram elevação do ombro de 0° de adução do braço e contra resistência oferecida por meio de duas ferramentas distintas: 1 - transdutor de força (célula de carga) e, 2 - peso, ambos simularam a força da gravidade. Os resultados demonstraram que houve diminuição da atividade muscular quando comparada ao préprocedimento (p < 0,01).
Abstract: Were analyzed by electromyography the events involved in the biological effect of the method of myofascial stretching on descending portion of the trapezius muscle, and how the neurophysiologic factor contributed to these findings. Were part of the research fifteen volunteers of both sexes, aged between 20 and 35 years, with not practicing specific activity to the upper limbs, with no previous history of disorders of the cervical spine. To prove the normality of these individuals were used specific tests for assessment of the cervical spine. To determine the experimental group and evaluate the effects of the intervention, electromyographic evaluations were performed, pre and post procedure myofascial stretching and then compared. were used for analysis electromyography of surface electrodes fixed on the descending portion of the trapezius muscle. The subjects remained seated in a comfortable chair in a test conducted and the elevation of 0° of shoulder adduction and arm against resistance offered by different tools: 1 tool - force transducer (load cell) and tool 2 - weight, both simulate the force of gravity. The results showed that there was a decrease in muscle activity when compared to pre procedure indicating the efficiency of the technique.
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural