Academic literature on the topic 'Posture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Posture"
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Yang, Xiaolin, Jianfeng Zheng, Wolfgang Kainz, Xuemin Chen, and Ji Chen. "Impact of Patient Body Posture on RF-Induced Energy Absorption by Orthopedic Plates." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B, Magnetic Resonance Engineering 2024 (April 30, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/7418643.
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This study investigates variations in radiofrequency- (RF-) induced energy absorption by orthopedic plates within the human body during 1.5T and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, considering diverse postures. Using the poseable Duke model, we developed typical postures (O-posture, X-posture, Y-posture, and Z-posture) and placed anatomically correct representations of various orthopedic plates within these postures. Numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate electromagnetic fields and RF-induced energy absorption in these postures near orthopedic plates during MRI scans. Comparing RF-induced energy absorption (peak spatial averaged SAR over 1 g, pSAR1g) in postured models to the original posture reveals substantial variations. The pSAR1g differences for X-posture, Y-posture, and Z-posture reach 48%, 134%, and 32% at 1.5T, and 36%, 83%, and 101% at 3T, respectively. Changing posture can lead to higher or lower pSAR1g. These findings underscore the impact of patient posture on RF-induced energy absorption in orthopedic plates on the ulna bone. The study recommends considering representative body postures in future evaluations for MR conditional labeling of passive implants. Until then, maintaining a neutral posture during MR scans is advised to mitigate unforeseen RF-induced heating risks.
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Sanjaya, Krishna Tri, and Apreza Dwi Vidyantoro. "Analisa Perbaikan Postur Kerja Dengan Menggunakan Metode OWAS (Ovako Work Analysis System) Dengan Perancangan Fasilitas Di Bagian Penyortiran Batu Gamping PT. Timbul Persada." JATI UNIK : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik dan Manajemen Industri 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jatiunik.v2i2.334.
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Limestone sorting work at PT. Embossed Persada is a repetitive work attitude and a long period of time, so that it can be at risk of causing Musculoskeletal disorders and discomfort at work. The purpose of this study is to analyze the working posture of limestone sorting operators. There are 3 work postures: limestone sorting work posture has a value of 4141, work posture for limestone removal 2173, and work posture for limestone 3333. Other objectives of this study are to identify work postures that have a risk of Musculoskeletal injury. Based on the results of the categorization of OWAS values, an assessment was obtained: limestone 4141-4 work posture, sludge removal posture 2173-3, work posture inserting limestone 3333-3. The work posture has a very high value where it is necessary to make immediate improvements to the work posture by redesigning the work facilities in the sorting section. Redesign of work facilities carried out to avoid Musculoskeletal interference that is using conveyor aids with a capacity of 9 Tons / Hour. The facility design uses measurements with an average value of Indonesian Ergonomics Anthropometry dataKeyword : Ergonomics, Working Postures, Musculoskeletal, The Design Of The Facility, OWASPekerjaan peyortiran batu gamping di PT. Timbul Persada merupakan sikap kerja yang repetitif dan jangka waktu yang lama, sehingga dapat beresiko menimbulkan gangguan Musculoskeletal dan ketidak nyamanan dalam bekerja. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mempelajari rangkaian kerja dan aspek Ergonomi yang mempengaruhi postur kerja pada divisi penyortiran tersebut dengan menggunakan metode OWAS (Ovako Work Analysis System), metode ini digunakan untuk mengevaluasi sikap kerja yang berpotensi mengalami gangguan pada Musculoskeletal dimana postur kerja yang diamati meliputi pergerakan tubuh bagian punggung, bahu, tangan, dan kaki termasuk paha, lutut dan pergelangan kaki. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisa postur kerja operator penyortiran batu gamping. Diketahui ada 3 postur kerja : postur kerja pemilahan batu gamping memiliki nilai 4141, postur kerja pengangkatan batu gamping 2173, dan postur kerja memasukan batu gamping 3333. Tujuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi postur kerja yang memiliki resiko cedera Musculoskeletal. Berdasarkan hasil pengkategorian nilai OWAS maka, diperoleh penilaian : Postur kerja pemilahan batu gamping 4141-4, postur kerja pengangkatan batu gampng 2173-3, postur kerja memasukkan batu gamping 3333-3. Postur kerja tersebut memiliki nilai yang sangat tinggi dimana perlu dilakukan perbaikan segera terhadap postur kerja dengan perancangan ulang fasilitas kerja pada bagian penyortiran. Perancangan ulang fasilitas kerja yang dilakukan untuk menghindari gangguan Musculoskeletal yaitu menggunakan alat bantu conveyor dengan kapasitas 9 Ton/Jam. Perancangan fasilitas ini dirancang dengan pengukuran menurut nilai rata-rata data Anthropometri Ergonomi Indonesia. Dengan mengevaluasi postur kerja sebelum adanya perbaikan, sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam perancangan stasiun kerja yang sesuai dengan aspek-aspek Ergonomi.Kata Kunci : Ergonomi, Postur Kerja, Musculoskeletal, Perancangan Fasilitas, OWAS.
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Mohamad Yusoff, Muhammad Annuar Alhadi, Nur Liyana Azmi, and Nor Hidayati Diyana Nordin. "A WHEELCHAIR SITTING POSTURE DETECTION SYSTEM USING PRESSURE SENSORS." IIUM Engineering Journal 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v25i1.2820.
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The usage of machine learning in the healthcare system, especially in monitoring those who are using a wheelchair for their mobility has also helped to improve their quality of life in preventing any serious life-time risk, such as the development of pressure ulcers due to the prolonged sitting on the wheelchair. To date, the amount of research on the sitting posture detection on wheelchairs is very small. Thus, this study aimed to develop a sitting posture detection system that predominantly focuses on monitoring and detecting the sitting posture of a wheelchair user by using pressure sensors to avoid any possible discomfort and musculoskeletal disease resulting from prolonged sitting on the wheelchair. Five healthy subjects participated in this research. Five typical sitting postures by the wheelchair user, including the posture that applies a force on the backrest plate, were identified and classified. There were four pressure sensors attached to the seat plate of the wheelchair and two pressure sensors attached to the back rest. Three classification algorithms based on the supervised learning of machine learning, such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT) were used to classify the postures which produced an accuracy of 95.44%, 98.72%, and 98.80%, respectively. All the classification algorithms were evaluated by using the k-fold cross validation method. A graphical-user interface (GUI) based application was developed using the algorithm with the highest accuracy, DT classifier, to illustrate the result of the posture classification to the wheelchair user for any posture correction to be made in case of improper sitting posture detected. ABSTRAK: Penggunaan pembelajaran mesin dalam sistem penjagaan kesihatan terutama dalam mengawasi pergerakan pengguna kerusi roda dapat membantu meningkatkan kualiti hidup bagi mengelak sebarang risiko serius seperti ulser disebabkan tekanan duduk terlalu lama di kerusi roda. Sehingga kini, kajian tentang pengesanan postur ketika duduk di kerusi roda adalah sangat kurang. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan bagi membina sistem pengesan postur khususnya bagi mengawasi dan mengesan postur duduk pengguna kerusi roda dengan menggunakan pengesan tekanan bagi mengelak sebarang kemungkinan ketidakselesaan dan penyakit otot akibat duduk terlalu lama. Lima pengguna kerusi roda yang sihat telah dijadikan subjek bagi kajian ini. Terdapat lima postur duduk oleh pengguna kerusi roda termasuk postur yang memberikan tekanan pada bahagian belakang telah di kenalpasti dan dikelaskan. Terdapat empat pengesan tekanan dilekatkan pada bahagian tempat duduk kerusi roda dan dua pengesan tekanan dilekatkan pada bahagian belakang. Tiga algoritma pengelasan berdasarkan pembelajaran terarah melalui pembelajaran mesin seperti Sokongan Vektor Mesin (SVM), Hutan Rawak (RF) dan Pokok Keputusan (DT) telah digunakan bagi pengelasan postur di mana masing-masing memberikan ketepatan 95.44%, 98.72% dan 98.80%. Semua algoritma pengelasan telah dinilai menggunakan kaedah k-lipatan pengesahan bersilang. Sebuah aplikasi grafik antara muka (GUI) telah dibina menggunakan algoritma dengan ketepatan paling tinggi, iaitu pengelasan DT bagi memaparkan keputusan pengelasan postur untuk pengguna kerusi roda bagi membantu pembetulan postur jika postur salah dikesan.
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Boissy, A., A. Aubert, L. Désiré, L. Greiveldinger, E. Delval, and I. Veissier. "Cognitive sciences to relate ear postures to emotions in sheep." Animal Welfare 20, no. 1 (February 2011): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600002426.
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AbstractEmotions are now largely recognised as a core element in animal welfare issues. However, convenient indicators to reliably infer emotions are still needed. As such, the availability of behavioural postures analogous to facial expressions in humans would be extremely valuable for animal studies of emotions. The purpose of this paper is to find out stable expressive postures in sheep and to relate these expressive postures with specific emotional contexts. In an initial experiment, we identified discrete ear postures from a comprehensive approach which integrates all theoretically distinguishable ear postures. Four main ear postures were identified: horizontal ears (P posture); ears risen up (R posture); ears pointed backward (B posture); and asymmetric posture (A posture). In a second experiment, we studied how these ear postures were affected by specific emotional states elicited by exposing sheep to experimental situations in which elementary characteristics (ie suddenness and unfamiliarity, negative contrast and controllability) were manipulated. We found that: i) the horizontal P posture corresponds to a neutral state; ii) sheep point their ears backward (B posture) when they face unfamiliar and unpleasant uncontrollable situations, hence likely to elicit fear; iii) they point their ears up (R posture) when facing similar negative situations but controllable, hence likely to elicit anger; and iv) they expressed the asymmetric A posture in very sudden situations, likely to elicit surprise. By cross-fostering psychological and ethological approaches, we are able to propose an interpretation of ear postures in sheep relative to their emotions.
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Harada, Tatsuya, Taketoshi Mori, and Tomomasa Sato. "Human Posture Probability Density Estimation Based on Actual Motion Measurement and Eigenpostures." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 6 (December 20, 2005): 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0664.
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We construct human posture probability density based on actual human motion measurement. Human postures in daily life were measured for two days by having subjects wear a mechanical motion capture device. Accumulated human postures were converted to unit quaternions to guarantee the uniqueness of posture representation. To represent probability density effectively, we propose eigenpostures for posture compression and use the kernel-based reduced set density estimator (RSDE) to reduce the number of posture samples and construction of posture probability density. Before compression, unit quaternions were converted to Euclidean space by logarithmic mapping. After conversion, postures were compressed in Euclidean space. Applying constructed human posture probability density for unlikely posture detection and motion segmentation, we verified its effectiveness for many different applications.
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Ningtyas, Desinta Rahayu, and Rizka Amaliah. "Intervensi Ergonomi pada Pengrajin Tempe dengan Pendekatan REBA dan OWAS (Studi Kasus di PRIMKOPTI Jakarta Selatan)." Jurnal Media Teknik dan Sistem Industri 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jmtsi.v7i1.2148.
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Tempe is traditional food from Indonesia, most of the Tempe industries in Indonesia are household scale. The characteristic of household industry is using manual tools with human power. Initial observation was made at one of Tempe production units, there were many activities with awkward postures such as manual hand lifting, bending, repetitive movements, and carrying heavy loads. Which their posture has potential for WMSDs (Work Musculoskeletal Disorders). The purposes of the research are to identify the potential of WMSDs in Tempe worker, to evaluate work posture, and to make suggestion for improving work station or posture. The method used is direct observation to one of the PRIMKOPTI Tempe production unit in South Jakarta. The results of this research were identified complaints of pain with extreme degree found in back of the body 82%, waist 45%, pain in the upper right arm 64%, upper left arm, lower right arm, right hand 45%. Work posture with REBA values 3 and OWAS value 3 that were the soybean harvesting process, the epidermis sieving process, the filtering water disposal process, the second soybean washing process, and the soybean water disposal process. From these results, we propose the work station design such as design of working tool like drum which suitable with worker posture, soybean stirrer, and improve the work posture so as not to bent over. The conclusion of this research is that are potential complaints of WMSDs on Tempe worker because the tools are not in accordance with the worker’s body posture, redesign dan improve the worker’s posture. Tempe adalah makanan tradisional khas Indonesia. Sebagian besar industri tempe di Indonesia berkskala rumah tangga, dimana masih banyak menggunakan peralatan manual dengan tenaga manusia. Pengamatan awal dilakukan pada salah satu unit produksi tempe, dimana banyak kegiatan dengan postur kerja awkward seperti angkat-angkut manual, membungkuk, gerakan berulang, dan membawa beban berat. Dimana postur tersebut berpotensi terjadinya WMSDs (Work Musculoskeletal Disorders). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi keluhan WMSDs pada pengrajin tempe, mengevaluasi postur kerja pengrajin tempe, dan membuat usulan perbaikan postur atau stasiun kerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung ke salah satu unit produksi tempe. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah teridentifikasi keluhan sangat sakit terdapat pada bagian tubuh punggung 82%, pinggang 45%. Keluhan sakit terdapat pada bagian tubuh lengan kanan bagian atas 64%, lengan kiri bagian atas, lengan kanan bagian bawah, tangan kanan sebesar 45%. Postur kerja yang perlu tindakan segera dengan nilai REBA 3 dan nilai OWAS 3 yaitu pada kegiatan proses pengambilan kedelai, proses pengayakan kulit ari, proses pembuangan air penyaringan, proses pencucian kedelai kedua, dan proses pembuangan air pencucian kedelai. Dari hasil tersebut lalu dibuat usulan rancangan stasiun kerja berupa alat kerja seperti drum yang sesuai antropometri, pengaduk kedelai, dan perbaikan postur kerja agar tidak membungkuk. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa terdapat potensi keluhan WMSDs pada pengrajin tempe di PRIMKOPTI Jakarta Selatan dikarenakan alat yang belum sesuai dengan postur tubuh pekerja, perancangan ulang dapat memperbaiki postur tubuh pekerja.
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Rougier, Patrice, and Jean-Pierre Blanchi. "Evaluation objective de la difficulté en escalade par la relation posturo-cinétique." STAPS 12, no. 26 (1991): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/staps.1991.1233.
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Sur un ergomètre d’escalade, nous avons testé sept grimpeurs experts sur leur répartition d’appuis lors d’états stables de posture quadrupodale et de déplacements volontaires d’appuis de pied. Quatre couples de prises manuels-podals présentant des caractéristiques physiques différentes ont été utilisés déterminant deux postures de départ collées et décollées avec, pour chacune d’elles, deux niveaux de difficulté. Des indices instantanés (ISi et Li) caractérisent les états stables de posture alors que des indices différentiels (Dd, ISd et Ld) et des mesures de temps de latence permettent d’apprécier le mode d’organisation de la relation posturo-cinétique. Pour les états stables de posture et les mouvements volontaires, les résultats montrent une influence de la nature des postures de départ sur la répartition des appuis (pour ISi et ISd, p < .0001). Pour les temps de latence et les variations des forces d’appuis, l’interaction posture-nature du segment déplacé est significative (p < .0000) avec un effet prédominant pour les mains contralatérales et homolatérales (p < .000). L’influence des temps de latence s’exerce avant tout sur les appuis de main homolatérales (p < .010) et de pied contralatéral (p < .000). Par contre, l’influence de la difficulté des prises n’apparaît pour aucune des mesures. Ces résultats s’expliqueraient par la nature des surfaces de préhension offertes aux pieds qui conditionnent une élévation relative du centre de gravité.
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Van Leeuwen, B. E., G. J. Barendsen, J. Lubbers, and L. de Pater. "Calf blood flow and posture: Doppler ultrasound measurements during and after exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1675.
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To investigate the joint effects of body posture and calf muscle pump, the calf blood flow of eight healthy volunteers was measured with pulsed Doppler equipment during and after 3 min of rhythmic exercise on a calf ergometer in the supine, sitting, and standing postures. Muscle contractions seriously impeded calf blood flow. Consequently, blood flow occurred mainly between contractions and reached a plateau that lasted at least the final 100 s of each exercise series. After exercise the blood flow decreased much faster in the sitting and standing postures than in the supine posture. There was no difference in blood flow between various postures during the same submaximal exercise. However, subjects in the standing posture were able to perform exercise with a higher load than in the supine posture, and blood flow in the standing posture could become twice as high as in the supine posture. We conclude that calf blood flow is regulated according to needs; available perfusion pressure determined maximal blood flow and exercise; and compared with the supine posture, the standing posture and calf muscle pump increase the perfusion pressure.
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Lee, Jaeeun, Hongseok Choi, Kyeongmin Yum, and Jongnam Kim. "Classifying Poor Postures of the Neck and Spine in Computer Work by Using Image and Skeleton Analysis." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (October 3, 2023): 10935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910935.
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When using a desktop computer, people tend to adopt postures that are detrimental to their bodies, such as text neck and the L-posture of leaning forward with their buttocks out and their shoulders against the backrest of the chair. These two postures cause chronic problems by bending the cervical and thoracic spines and can have detrimental effects on the body. While there have been many studies on text neck posture, there were limited studies on classifying these two postures together, and there are limitations to the accuracy of their classification. To address these limitations, we propose an algorithm for classifying good posture, text neck posture, and L-posture, the latter two of which may negatively affect the body when using a desktop computer. The proposed algorithm utilizes a skeleton algorithm to calculate angles from images of the user’s lateral posture, and then classifies the three postures based on the angle values. If there is sufficient space next to the computer, the method can be implemented anywhere, and classification can be performed at low cost. The experimental results showed a high accuracy rate of 97.06% and an F1-score of 95.23%; the L posture was classified with 100% accuracy.
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Mallembakam, Veda Rasmi, Yang Lu, Andris Freivalds, and Eunsik Kim. "Comparison of bus driving posture in USA and India." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641223.
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The aim of this project is to compare driving postures in India and the USA in order to develop seat designs to improve driver posture. The postures of 14 bus drivers from the USA and 9 from India were evaluated by RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) analysis, and various seat dimensions from India ware collected and compared with standard dimension in the USA. For both countries, low posture occurred most frequently, showing a RULA score of 3, indicating a need for posture change and further investigations. Among drivers who exhibited high posture, posture in American drivers displayed a RULA score of 4, and posture in Indian drivers showed a RULA score of 6. Furthermore, the component ratio of the high posture group in India was about 10 times higher than that of the high posture group in the USA.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Posture"
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Bolzoni, F. "ANTICIPATORY POSTURAL ADJUSTMENTS: FROM POSTURE TO MOVEMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215234.
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In all the experiments we investigated the relationship between the voluntary movement and the postural control. We particularly focused our attention on the role played by the APAs, since the general hypothesis is that the postural feed forward control of the movement is strictly bound to the voluntary movement itself in a complex and flexible way.
In the first experiment we tested the hypothesis that APAs preceding an upper-limb target reaching movement could play a role also in controlling the movement accuracy. The aim of this study was seeking a direct proof of the relationship between the APAs amplitude and the endpoint of a target reaching movement.
The aim of the second study was to determine whether a short term immobilization (12 h) interferes in parallel with both the activation of the prime mover muscle, responsible for a given movement, and the postural muscles that are recruited to stabilize the limb.
In the third experiment was aimed at verifying whether the postural activation is affected by the phenomenon of the motor resonance as well as already described for the prime mover activation.
The results of the first experiment reinforce the hypothesis that a successful on-target pointing movement relies upon a specific tuning between APAs and prime mover activation, as that obtained at the end of the adaptation phase.
The most important result of the second experiment is that, although the prime mover activation remains unchanged after the immobilization, the trajectory described by the index finger is most likely changed between the two sessions due to the modification in the postural control that led to a less effective stabilization of the proximal joint, as was suggested by the mechanical model designed by Caronni and Cavallari (2009a).
In the last experiment we demonstrated that the resonant response in resting subjects replicates, under threshold, both the primary movement and postural activity. The precocious increase in excitability observed in BB may be the expression of the anticipatory activation observed during the execution of the movement. Given that MR reflects aspects that are intrinsic to motor programming also this result strongly support the idea that primary movement and the postural command are essential components of the same neural process.
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Liu, Ke. "La posture littéraire d'André Gide : posture classique et jeu sur la posture." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082775.
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La posture littéraire de Gide peut être considérée dans son rapport à la problématique du classicisme. Chez Gide, le classicisme relève de l’élaboration d’une morale et d’une esthétique personnelles, qui n’excluent pas complètement la doctrine historiquement définie. Mais le classique peut aussi dépasser tout historicisme et atteindre la hauteur du jugement absolu, de la valeur intemporelle. C’est sur ce point que la problématique du classique rejoint celle du jeu et de l’intention et que Gide s’impose comme une instance intentionnelle entre son œuvre et le lecteur, pour guider le lecteur dans son jeu d’écriture et pour élever son œuvre à l’intemporalité, au rang des classiques. L’étude présente, divisée en trois parties, se propose d’explorer la posture littéraire complexe de Gide : elle forme un système dynamique bâti autour de l’intention créatrice de l’auteur, qui se manifeste à travers le texte et se réalise avec la complicité du lecteur tout en fixant à l’œuvre l’objectif de devenir intemporelleAndré Gide’s literary posture can be related to the problematic question of classicism. Gide considers the classicism as emanating from personal morals or aesthetics without excluding entirely the historical definition of the doctrine. At the same time, the classical can outdo historicism and reach the level of an absolute judgement, an everlasting value. Here precisely, the question of the classical is connected with the question of the play and the question of the intention: Gide appears as an intentional performer between his work and the reader in order to guide the reader in the game of his writing and to elevate his work to the rank of an everlasting classical. In the three parts of our thesis, we examine Gide’s intricate literary posture: this dynamic system is built around the creative intention of the author, the posture having to be discovered in the text itself and needing the reader’s complicity, in the hope of elaborating an everlasting work
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Friant, Yola. "Influence de la réduction de mobilité active et passive de la chaîne posturale. : influence sur la capacité posturo-cinétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113005.
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L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer l’influence des réductions de mobilité ostéo-articulaire passive et active sur la capacité posturo-cinétique. La réduction de mobilité passive est analysée à travers un mouvement d’élévation des membres supérieurs à vitesse maximale au cours duquel seront mesurés des indices électromyographiques (Tibial antérieur, Soléaire) et biomécaniques (plateforme de force, accéléromètre). La réduction de mobilité active est étudiée à partir d’un examen posturographique combiné à un mouvement de compression d’une barre dynamométrique et à l’enregistrement de la cinématique respiratoire. L’analyse de la composante passive révèle que, dès 50% de perte de mobilité au niveau de la région cervicale, la capacité posturo-cinétique (CPC) est perturbée. Le blocage passif des articulations des chevilles et du rachis cervical semble davantage réduire la CPC que celui des genoux ou du rachis lombaire. L’étude de la composante active montre que l'augmentation de la tension musculaire active le long du tronc est susceptible de perturber l'équilibre postural, mais uniquement lorsqu'elle dépasse un certain niveau. Ainsi les deux composantes, passive et active, de la mobilité ostéo-articulaire, paraissent chacune jouer un rôle dans la capacité à compenser les perturbations associées au maintien postural ou à l’exécution du mouvementThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of passive and active components of osteoarticular mobility on the capacity posturo-kinetic. The passive component was analyzed through a paradigm of upper limb elevation at maximum velocity, during which electromyographic (Tibialis anterior, soleus) and biomechanical (force platform, accelerometer) parameters were measured. The active component was studied from an experimental paradigm associating a posturaphic examination with a bimanual compression of a dynamometric bar. Results analysis showed that the posturo-kinetic capacity (PKC) was reduced when the loss of mobility exceeded 50% at the neck level. Passively blocking the ankle joints and the cervical spine seemed more likely to reduce the PKC than blocking the knee or the lumbar spine. The study of the active component showed that the increase in active muscle tension along the trunk may impair body balance, but only when it exceeds a certain level. Thus the two components, passive and active, of the osteoarticular mobility, appeared as significant factors in the ability to compensate for the disturbances associated with postural maintenance or movement execution
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Fernandes, Patrícia Guimarães. "Influência imediata das peças podais das palmilhas posturais sobre a postural corporal, equilíbrio ortostático e distribuição da pressão plantar." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7202.
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Introduction: Several types of insoles are used to promote changes in body positioning and improve balance. The postural insoles are orthoses used to correcting or improving postural alignment, balance and weight bearing. Podal elements are used in this insoles, positioned in specific places to promote this correction. The immediate effects of the elements on posture are factors that define the prescription of the insoles. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the literature about the effect of insoles on static balance and posture. We verified the immediate effects of the podal elements (infracapital and retrocalcanenus bar, calcaneus wedges and infracuboid element) on a posture, static balance and a weight bearing of healthy individuals. Methodology: The review was implemented in the Medline, PuMed, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases. Inclusion criteria of the studies: interventional studies with insoles, published from 2010 to 2016; measurement of postural variables and static balance; in Portuguese and English. Fifteen studies were selected. The experimental, controlled and randomized study included a sample composed of 60 healthy individuals divided by raffle in control group (30) and study group (30). The inclusion criteria were: individuals between 18 and 40 years of age of both genders without musculoskeletal pain complaints. The exclusion criteria were: reports of injuries or neurological diseases, vertigo or dizziness, pregnant women with spinal or foot surgeries, foot ulcers, amputation, visual impairment, who are using postural insoles, without girdles asymmetries and with discrepancy in the length of the lower limbs greater than 5 millimeters. Postural evaluation and static baropodometry and stabilometry were performed. From the postural changes, the podal elements were prescribed for the study group. Both underwent identical reassessment, in the study group with the elements under the feet. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test (S-W) was used and, from this test, parametric and non-parametric tests were used according to the variable. For the analysis of the posture the chi square test was used and for comparative analysis of baropodometry and stabilometry the Wilcoxon test was performed. Results: In the systematic review, we did not find a positive result of insoles on the posture, but the results indicated an improvement of the static balance with the use of insoles in individuals who already presented balance deficit. In the clinical trial, pelvic and scapular assimetries improved and the plantar pressure peak decreased (p <0.05). Conclusion: Although the results point to an improvement in the static balance, due to the wide variety of insoles and populations studied, it was not possible to establish a consensus in the systematic review. In the experimental study, the podal elements were able to improve the posture and distribution of plantar pressure. Positive effects on balance in normal subjects not be proved in this research, which may be due to the time of exposure to the stimulus and also to the characteristics of the sample.
Introdução: Diversas modalidades de palmilhas são utilizadas com o objetivo de promover mudanças no posicionamento corporal e melhorar o equilíbrio. As palmilhas posturais são órteses utilizadas com o propósito de corrigir ou melhorar o alinhamento postural, o equilíbrio e a descarga de peso. Peças podais são os relevos utilizados nessas palmilhas, posicionados em locais específicos com vistas a promover essa correção. Os efeitos imediatos das peças podais sobre a postura são fatores que definem a prescrição das palmilhas. Objetivo: Relizar uma revisão sistematizada da literatura sobre o efeito de palmilhas sobre o equilíbrio estático e a postura. Verificar os efeitos imediatos das peças podais (barra infracapital e retrocalcaneana, cunhas de calcâneo e elemento infracubóide) sobre a postura, equilíbrio estático e a descarga de peso plantar de indivíduos saudáveis. Metodologia: A Revisão sistematizada foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline, PuMed, SciELO e Biblioteca Cochrane. Os critérios de inclusão dos estudos foram: estudos intervencionistas com palmilhas, publicados de 2010 a 2016; medida de variáveis posturais e de equilíbrio estático; nos idiomas português e inglês. Foram selecionados 15 estudos. O estudo experimental, controlado e randomizado apresentou uma amostra composta de 60 indivíduos saudáveis divididos por sorteio em grupo controle (30) e grupo de estudo (30). Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivíduos entre 18 a 40 anos de idade de ambos os gêneros sem queixas álgicas musculoesqueléticas. Já os critérios de exclusão foram: relato de lesões ou doenças neurológicas, com vertigem ou tontura, gestantes, com cirurgias na coluna ou nos pés, úlceras nos pés, amputação de membros, deficiência visual, que estejam em tratamento com palmilhas posturais, sem assimetrias de cinturas e com discrepância no comprimento dos membros inferiores maior que 5 milímetros. Foi realizada avaliação postural e exame estático de baropodometria e estabilometria. A partir das alterações posturais foram prescritas as peças podais para o grupo de estudo. Ambos passaram por reavaliação idêntica, no grupo de estudo com as peças podais sob os pés. Foi usado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk (S-W) e, a partir desse, testes paramétricos e não paramétricos foram escolhidos conforme a variável. Para análise da postura foi aplicado o Teste Qui-quadrado e para as análises comparativas da baropodometria e estabilometria foi realizado o teste t e/ou Wilcoxon. Resultados: Na revisão sistematizada, não foi encontrado resultado positivo de palmilhas sobre a postura, porém os resultados apontaram melhora do equilíbrio estático com o uso de palmilhas em indivíduos que já apresentam déficit de equilíbrio. No ensaio clínico, houve melhora das básculas e rotações de cintura pélvica e escapular e diminuição do pico de pressão plantar (p<0,05). Conclusão: Apesar dos resultados apontarem uma melhora do equilíbrio estático, devido a ampla variedade de palmilhas e de populações estudadas, não foi possível estabelecer um consenso sobre o tema na revisão sistemática. No estudo experimental as peças podais promoveram melhora da postura e da distribuição da pressão plantar. Efeitos positivos sobre o equilíbrio em indivíduos normais não puderam ser comprovados nessa pesquisa, o que pode ter sido em função do tempo de exposição ao estímulo e também às características da amostra.
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Malone, Robert Leon. "Posture taxonomy." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03022010-020109/.
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Stroebel, S., Ridder JH De, and CJ Wilders. "Postural deformities in children: A review." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001662.
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ABSTRACT
Postural deformities are a commonly encountered
problem among children. Most of the aches and
pains of adults are the result, not of injuries, but of
the long-term effects of distortions in posture or
alignment that have their origins in childhood or
adolescence. Television, video entertainment,
motorized transportation, fast food and lack of
regular physical activity contribute to the poor
physical condition of children. Childhood obesity
has increased dramatically in the past decade.
Countries in economic transition from
underdeveloped to developed, such as South Africa,
are particularly affected and have an increasing
prevalence of obesity across all economic levels and
age groups. In a developing country like South
Africa, where overweight/obesity co-exists with
undernutrition, there is an urgent need to prevent
unhealthy trends in diet and physical activity.
School screening is mandatory in schools in 26
states of the United States (US) for children between
10 and 16 years of age. Previous studies conducted
in the US found that 160 out of 1000 people suffer
from scoliosis (Boachie-Adjei & Lonner, 1996).
This means that scoliosis is as prevalent as
hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Identification of
postural deformities at an early stage makes early
treatment possible, which may, in future, prevent
serious postural abnormalities. The aim of this
review article is to define the concept of good
posture, analyze normal postural development and
postural deformities, and discuss some of the
developmental factors affecting posture.
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Carcelli, Lawrence A. "The Relationship Between Therapist Approach Postures, Avoidance Postures and Posture Sharing, and Subjects' Experience of Rapport." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5955.
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The relationship between approach, avoidance and congruent postures and the experience of rapport was investigated. Sixty undergraduate college students (30 male, 30 female) were interviewed by a therapist who displayed either approach postures, avoidance postures or who posture shared. The degree of rapport experienced by the 20 subjects in the three groups was compared. In addition, the subjects' behaviors were divided into four groups (n = 11, or 19) along two orthogonal dimensions (high and low congruency and immediacy) and the degree of rapport experienced by the four groups compared. No statistically significant results were found in either analysis. An attempt was made to control for three crucial external variables: the therapist's degree of eye contact and smiling, and the verbal content of the interviews. Directions for future research were discussed with a focus on naturalistic study in the future.
A self report measure of rapport was developed called the Rapport Experience Test (RET). The RET was designed to assess the successful communication of accurate empathy, unconditional positive regard and emotional congruence.Measures of internal consistency (Chronbach alpha) and test-retest reliability were obtained. These measures suggest that the RET may be a useful device for further research. Face validity was discussed.
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Muppala, Madhavi M. "Personality and Posture." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1221753250.
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Fonzo, Ayran Luzzi di. "Influência do uso de Protetor Bucal Individualizado para esporte no equilíbrio a postura de cabeça, mandíbula e ombros de atletas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23152/tde-05112018-122137/.
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A consciência do corpo humano é pré-requisito para o desenvolvimento da mecânica corporal. A avaliação física do indivíduo é necessária para que se identifiquem condições que possam prejudicar a saúde e predispor o desenvolvimento de lesões e melhorar o desempenho físico dos atletas. Por esse motivo técnicos esportivos indicam, empiricamente, a utilização de placas oclusais para prática esportiva. Além disto, é sabido que o uso de dispositivos intra orais podem influenciar a postura e o equilíbrio corporal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do protetor bucal individualizado no equilíbrio, postura de cabeça, mandíbula e ombro de atletas que buscaram atendimento no Ambulatório de Odontologia do Esporte da FOUSP e relatar a percepção dos atletas quanto a possíveis alterações no equilíbrio, postura corporal e desempenho esportivo com o uso do dispositivo. Participaram da avaliação postural por fotogrametria 32 atletas. Para avaliação do equilíbrio participaram 33 atletas. 37 atletas retornaram o questionário de percepção do uso do protetor bucal. A utilização do protetor bucal individualizado teve influência significante na variável distância glabela mento (p=0,005) por aumentar a dimensão vertical de oclusão do indivíduo, porém teve efeito clínico considerado pequeno. Este aumento não resultou em alterações posturais da cabeça, sagitais da mandíbula e ombros. Na análise do equilíbrio, não ocorreram alterações significantes no deslocamento do centro de pressão e o efeito clínico da utilização do dispositivo foi considerado pequeno. Não foram percebidas alterações no equilíbrio e postura corporal pela maior parte dos atletas (75,68% e 70,28%, respectivamente). A utilização do protetor bucal individualizado causa nos indivíduos mais confiança e os atletas relataram sentir melhora do desempenho (70,28%) e facilidade em executar gestos esportivos (67,56%). Conclui-se que o uso de protetores bucais individualizados não altera a postura, não causa alterações importantes de equilíbrio corporal e que os atletas se sentem mais confiantes e com melhor desempenho esportivo.The consciousness of the human body is a prerequisite to the development of mechanical body. The physical assessment of the individual is required for the identification of conditions that could harm the health and predispose the development of injuries and improve the performance of athletes. For this reason, sports technicians have, empirically, indicated the use of occlusal plates for sports. In addition, it is well known that using intraoral devices may influence the posture and body balance. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the custom made mouthguard in balance, posture of head, jaw and shoulder of athletes who sought care at the Ambulatório de Odontologia do Esporte of FOUSP and report the perception of athletes for possible changes in balance, body posture and sports performance with the use of the equipment. Participated in the evaluation by postural photogrammetry 32 athletes. To evaluate the balance 33 athletes participated. 37 athletes returned the questionnaire of perception of the use of the custom made mouthguard. The use of this equipment cases had significant influence in the variable distance glabella (p = 0.005) to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion of the individual, but was considered to have a small clinical effect. This increase did not result in postural changes of head, jaw and shoulders. The analysis of the balance had no significant changes occurred in the shift of the center of pressure and the clinical effect of use of the device was considered small. Were not perceived changes in balance and body posture by most of athletes (75.68% and 70.28%, respectively). The use of custom made mouthguard cases in individuals more confidence and athletes reported feeling better performance (70.28%) and easily run sporting gestures (67.56%). It is concluded that the use of custommade mouthguard does not change the posture, does not cause important changes in body balance and that athletes feel more confident and better sports performance.
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Nedel, Sheila Spohr. "Efeitos das palmilhas posturais sobre a postura corporal de escolares." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28121.
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As palmilhas posturais são órteses plantares e foram desenvolvidas por Bourdiol um pouco antes de 1980. Seu princípio está fundamentado na ação de peças podais, as quais são chamadas de elementos, barras, cunhas e calços, que são colocados sob a pele e os músculos plantares, reprogramando a postura. Na avaliação postural são observadas as variáveis descritas no protocolo CNT (assimetria dos membros superiores, assimetria das cristas ilíacas, assimetrias das Espinhas Ilíacas Póstero- Superiores - EIPS, etc.). A postura corporal é descrita como um processo de inter-relacionamento relativo das partes do corpo, havendo equilíbrio entre os ossos, músculos, tendões e ligamentos, estruturas que sustentam e protegem o corpo contra agentes externos ou internos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos das palmilhas posturais sobre a postura corporal de escolares. Os objetivos específicos foram descrever as características posturais dos participantes durante a utilização das palmilhas posturais e verificar as alterações da pressão plantar dos escolares, durante a utilização das palmilhas. Foram avaliados 6 alunos da 3° série do ensino fundamental da Rede Particular da cidade de Porto Alegre – RS, todos do sexo masculino. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a avaliação postural através do Programa computacional para avaliação postural (PCAP) e através de um baropodômetro eletrônico. Os escolares foram avaliados pelo protocolo CNT, e através desta avaliação foram definidas quais peças podais seriam utilizadas na confecção das palmilhas. Os escolares foram avaliados primeiramente sem usar as palmilhas posturais, e em seguida fazendo uso das palmilhas, para fins de comparação. Os resultados da avaliação postural demonstraram alterações na postura corporal dos escolares em relação ao protocolo CNT ao utilizar as palmilhas posturais. E os resultados obtidos através do teste de Wilcoxon, com o nível de significância de 5% apontaram diferença significativa na avaliação da pressão plantar na região posterior do pé esquerdo ao utilizar as palmilhas posturais. Conclui-se que a utilização das palmilhas posturais provoca alteração na postura corporal de escolares, e que a pressão plantar apresenta mudanças ao utilizar as palmilhas posturais, com diferença estatisticamente significativa na região posterior do pé esquerdo (p=0,028). As outras regiões do pé apresentaram uma melhor distribuição das pressões, porém seus dados não foram estatisticamente significativos.Postural insoles are plantar orthosis developed by Bourdiol some time before 1980. Its principle is based on the action of podal pieces, which are called elements, bars, wedges and chocks that are placed under the skin and the plantar muscles, reprogramming the body posture. In postural evaluation, the variables described in CNT protocol are observed. The body posture is described as a process of relative inter-relationship of the body parts, balancing bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments, structures that support and protect the body against external or internal agents. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of postural insoles on the body posture of schoolchildren. The specific objectives had been to describe the postural characteristics of the subjects before and after the use of postural insoles and to verify the alterations on the plantar pressure of schoolchildren, before and after the use of the insoles. Six male pupils attending the third grade of elementary school from the city of Porto Alegre - RS had been evaluated. For the data collection, postural evaluation was analyzed through a computational program for postural evaluation (CPPE) and through an electronic baropodometer. The schoolchildren were evaluated by CNT protocol, and through this evaluation were defined which podal pieces would be used in the confection of the insoles. The schoolchildren had been first evaluated without the use of postural insoles, and after that making use of the insoles, for comparison reasons. The results of the postural evaluation demonstrate body posture alterations on schoolchildren when using the insoles. The results obtained through the Wilcoxon test, with 5% of significance, point statistical difference in the evaluation of the plantar pressure in the posterior region of the left foot when using the postural insoles. One can conclude that the use of postural insoles causes alteration in the body posture of schoolchildren. Also, that the plantar pressure presents changes when postural insoles are used, with statistical significance in the posterior region of the left foot (p=0,028). Other regions of the foot had presented a better pressure distribution, however its data had not been statistical significant.
Books on the topic "Posture"
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(Firm), Crunch, ed. Perfect posture. New York: Hatherleigh, 2000.
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Dowling, Sarah. Security posture: Poetry. Montréal: Snare Books, 2009.
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Taylor, Claire. Russia's military posture. London]: House of Commons Library, 2009.
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M, Bronstein Adolfo, Brandt Thomas 1943-, and Woollacott Marjorie H. 1946-, eds. Clinical disorders of posture and gait. London: Arnold, 1996.
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Aliberti, Marco, and Ksenia Lisitsyna. Russia's Posture in Space. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90554-9.
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Mergner, T., and F. Hlavačka, eds. Multisensory Control of Posture. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1931-7.
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Vergé-Dépré, K. Body posture in microgravity. Paris, France: European Space Agency, 1994.
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Th, Mergner, Hlavačka F, European Neuroscience Association, and International Symposium on Sensory Interaction in Posture and Movement Control (1994 : Smolenice, Slovakia), eds. Multisensory control of posture. New York: Plenum Press, 1995.
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Gauthier, Léa. Posture(s)-imposture(s). [Vitry-sur-Seine]: MAC/VAL, Musée d'art contemporain du Val-de-Marne, 2008.
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Levin, Norman D. Japan's changing defense posture. Santa Monica, CA (1700 Main St., P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica 90406-2138): Rand Corp., 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Posture"
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Pheasant, Stephen. "Posture." In Ergonomics, Work and Health, 98–115. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21671-0_6.
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Weik, Martin H. "posture." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1308. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14389.
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Martin, Stephanie, and Olivia Darnley. "Posture." In The Working Voice, 31–47. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003361114-3.
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Miall, R. Chris. "Posture." In Neuroscience in the 21st Century, 1237–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1997-6_43.
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Rothwell, John. "Posture." In Control of Human Voluntary Movement, 252–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6960-8_8.
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Bernhardt, Christian. "Posture." In Nonverbal Communication in Recruiting, 145–62. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36929-3_6.
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Aquilina, Shaun. "Posture." In Musical Theatre for the Female Voice, 7–15. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003286875-3.
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Larson, Terry. "Posture." In Entry Level Skill Checklists for Physical Therapist Assistant Students, 97–99. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003523987-8.
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Rybski, Melinda F., and Lisa Juckett. "Posture." In Kinesiology for Occupational Therapy, 261–89. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003524724-11.
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Smakman, Dick. "Posture." In Presenting in English, 133–39. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032627892-15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Posture"
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Shastri, Anshuman, Namrata Arora, and Kavita Sagar. "Sensor based ergonomic cushion for posture detection and correction." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2023) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002841.
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Awkward postures are associated with a number of musculoskeletal disorders in almost all work sectors. Various studies have indicated the prevalence of awkward postures in different work setups and have provided ways to assess postural deviations and their unfavourable effects on general well being of the workers. The need of the hour is to have an aid that provides a means not only to assess the awkwardness of a posture, but also to correct it as soon as it is identified. The study, here, is designed to develop a solution for assessment and correction of the awkward posture as soon as it is attained. An ergonomic cushion is presented which is fitted with printed flex sensors to detect the awkward postures, considering lumbar curve, thoracic curve and cervical curve. A mobile application is used to configure the sensing range of the sensors. The application collects the data for the flex pressure sensors positioned at different points and warn the user to correct the posture. If not corrected within the stipulated time, the cushion automatically corrects the posture with the help of a microcontroller that expands or deflates the cushion as per postural requirement.
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Sikligar, Drashti, Linda Nguessan, Diana Pham, Jesse Grupper, Alex Beaudette, Anissa Ling, Conor Walsh, and Holly M. Golecki. "Design of a Textile Sensor Embedded Shirt for Posture Monitoring." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1063.
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Abstract Poor posture leading to neck and back pain can be caused by long hours sitting in front of computer screens in ergonomically inadequate office furniture or in makeshift home offices. For most individuals, recognizing and correcting for poor posture is an uncommon practice. Poor seated posture is characterized by protracted scapulae, increased kyphosis, and a flexed lumbar spine. Toward a wearable system that performs continuous monitoring, we developed a textile sensor embedded garment. Using textile sensors sewn into a shirt, we test the capability of our design to read curvatures related to seated posture. First, textile sensors were evaluated for fabrication and data collection ease. Next, sensors embedded in shirt designs were evaluated for their ability to produce data that can be recognized as good or poor posture across a user’s back. Designs leveraging e-textiles and snap circuitry enable textile sensor posture readings in a wearable device that is soft and durable. Results from this proof-of-concept prototype show that such customizable garments may enable the study of specific muscle groups related to various postures in the future. Sensor technology embedded in everyday wear garments holds promise for integrating continuous postural monitoring to commercially available clothing.
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Stemper, Brian D., Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar. "Spinal Posture Affects Whiplash Biomechanics." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43012.
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The present study implemented the MADYMO 50th percentile male head-neck model to investigate effects of initial spinal posture on cervical spine kinematics in whiplash. The model was altered to three initial postures: lordosis, straight, kyphosis. The three models were exercised under 2.6 m/sec rear impact pulses. Segmental kinematics and ligament strains were investigated during cervical S-curvature and throughout the whiplash event. Anterior longitudinal ligament strains during S-curvature varied from 20 to 47% of maximum strains. Facet joint strains during S-curvature were 42 to 100% of maximum strains. This finding indicates that facet joint ligaments are more susceptible to whiplash injury during S-curvature, while anterior longitudinal ligament injury likely occurs during the extension phase. Kyphosis and straight postures increased anterior longitudinal ligament strains in the upper cervical spine from the lordosis posture. Lower cervical facet joint and anterior longitudinal ligament strains were greater in the lordosis posture. This study shows that spinal posture may affect injury mechanisms and render a specific population more susceptible to whiplash injury.
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Howard, Brad, and Jingzhou James Yang. "Optimization-Based Seated Posture Prediction Considering Contact With Environment." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48685.
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People can spend much of everyday completing seated tasks. Therefore it is important to understand postures needed to complete seated tasks, and the associated environmental contacts. This paper presents a method to predict seated postures and the general forces needed in order to support resulting postural configurations. This study uses optimization techniques to predict human posture based on a 56 degree of freedom (DOF) 50th percentile female human model. The support reaction forces (SRFs) are predicted using joint torques and the zero-moment point (ZMP) formulation derived from the Lagrangian recursive dynamics. The SRFs are applied at points on the body based on center of pressure (COP) locations gathered from pressure mapping experiments. The specific application points include the two feet, the two thighs, and back. Multiple seated orientations based on an experimental study found in published literature are simulated. When comparing these simulation results to the literature data, a good correlation can be established, which provides an initial validation of the proposed methods.
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Abdel-Malek, Karim, Wei Yu, Zan Mi, E. Tanbour, and M. Jaber. "Posture Prediction Versus Inverse Kinematics." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21013.
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Abstract Inverse kinematics is concerned with the determination of joint variables of a manipulator given its final position or final position and orientation. Posture prediction also refers to the same problem but is typically associated with models of the human limbs, in particular for postures assumed by the torso and upper extremities. There has been numerous works pertaining to the determination and enumeration of inverse kinematic solutions for serial robot manipulators. Part of these works have also been directly extended to the determination of postures for humans, but have rarely addressed the choice of solutions undertaken by humans, but have focused on purely kinematic solutions. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework that is based on cost functions as human performance measures, subsequently predicting postures based on optimizing one or more of such cost functions. This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) Is a given point reachable (2) If the point is reachable, we shall predict a realistic posture. We believe that the human brain assumes different postures driven by the task to be executed and not only on geometry. Furthermore, because of our optimization approach to the inverse kinematics problem, models with large number of degrees of freedom are addressed. The method is illustrated using several examples.
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Kuo, Ren-Jieh, Chih-Wen Shih, and Chong-Hao Wang. "Sitting posture recognition for smart chair." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003458.
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In recent years, the relationship between sitting posture and health has been paid attention to by researchers, since a person spends about 90% of a day sitting except for sleeping time, and the prolonged sitting is one of the important causes of musculoskeletal diseases. Basically, the different sitting postures caused by sitting for a long time will cause different pressure problems on the spine. Thus, this study intends to accurately predict sitting posture to reduce the damage caused by sitting posture using random forest. A smart chair with eight pressure sensors provided by a case company in Taiwan is applied to collect pressure data of various sitting postures in order to develop a prediction model to predict the sitting posture. Since random forest also owns the capability of feature extraction, it is also employed to find unnecessary sensors to reduce the cost of smart chair and further achieve higher prediction accuracy. The results showed that random forest can yield better results for the current problem compared with other methods. In addition, after the feature extraction via random forest, it can be known that there is indeed a sensor that can be eliminated. The accuracy can be enhanced from 90.70% to 91.36%.
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Wang, Yuqian, Junjian Chen, and Yan Luximon. "A Pilot Study for Understanding the Lying Neck Posture with Flexion and Extension." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004726.
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Due to the prolonged focus on mobile phones or computers, people are exposed to a higher risk of neck issues. To avoid the radiation exposure of CT (Computed Tomography) scans, the MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) facilities with a lying posture were explored in this pilot study with 5 participants and three head postures (flexion, neutral, and extension). The vertebra angles from a sagittal view are measured, and the contribution of each pair of successive vertebras is compared with other literature. The results of this study show that the mean flexion and extension contributions fluctuated much more than others. This may be because the passive lying posture based on physical support is adopted rather than active flexion and extension maximum with a sitting posture. This suggests that active and passive head rotation postures have distinct mechanisms and should be studied separately. The lying posture with an MRI scan could be used for vertebra postures with different supports like pillows.
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Xiao, Xing, Yuxuan Liu, Yue Zhu, Xinmiao Nie, and Haining Wang. "Grasping Posture Study in One-Handed Touch Screen Operations Based on Posture Coding." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003430.
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The ergonomic design of the thermal comfort of smartphones requires a greater understanding of the user's preferred grasping postures. This study examined the users' preferred grasping postures in three one-handed and high-heat-generating smartphone applications(short video browsing, video chatting, and video recording). The grasping postures of 50 participants in 3 smartphone application scenarios are photographed. The grasping position is encoded by the smartphone locations (left: L, right: R, top: T, bottom: B, front: F, back: K) and the number of fingers at each contact position. The grasping posture frequency distribution of smartphone application scenarios will be of use to guide the determination of the optimal thermal layout of smartphones in specific application scenarios.
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Li, Ning, and James Yang. "Effect of Uncertainty on Human Posture Prediction." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34232.
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Posture prediction is a key component in digital human modeling and simulation. Deterministic optimization-based posture prediction formulations have been proposed. However, there exist uncertainties in human anthropometric (human height, link length, center of mass of segments, and moment of inertia, etc.) and environment parameters (location, interaction force), which affects the predicted posture. This paper attempts to study the effect of uncertainty on predicted posture. The single-loop reliability based design optimization (RBDO) method is adapted to predict posture under uncertainties. All random parameters are assumed to have normal distribution. A 24-degree of freedom (DOF) upper body model is used. In this pilot study, it is assumed that one link length and one joint angle are random parameters. The other design variables and parameters are deterministic. With the empirical rule, three cases are investigated for posture prediction. SNOPT software solver is employed to solve the optimization problem. Through comparison with deterministic optimization result and experimental data, the predicted postures from RBDO simulation show that the reliability index affects the predicted posture to some extent.
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Gallagher, Sean, and Christopher A. Hamrick. "Trunk Extension and Flexion in Standing and Kneeling Postures: Peak Torque and Associated Electromyography of Ten Trunk Muscles." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1086.
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Abstract Five subjects performed isometric trunk extension and flexion exercises in standing and kneeling postures at three angles of trunk flexion. Peak torque and electromyography (EMG) of ten trunk muscles were collected during these tests. Results indicated a 16% lower strength capacity in the kneeling posture; however, trunk muscle activity was similar in both postures. The altered biomechanics of the lower limbs in the kneeling posture may be responsible for the reduced strength capacity observed.
Reports on the topic "Posture"
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Peczeli, A., M. Cordone, H. Gilchrist, and E. Sanderson. The Next U.S. Strategic Posture - And The Posture After Next. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764326.
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Donley, Michael B., and Mark A. Welsh III. USAF Posture Statement 2013. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada584783.
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Glantz, David M. Future Soviet Strategic Posture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232994.
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Peczeli, Anna, Henry Gilchrist, Megan Cordone, and Kayleigh Haskin. The Next U.S. Strategic Posture - and the Posture After Next (Workshop Summary). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764318.
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Fain, Janice B., Richard C. Anderson, Trevor N. Dupuy, Gay M. Hammerman, and Charles F. Hawkins. Forced Changes of Combat Posture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201405.
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Army Posture Statement: A Statement on the Posture of the United States Army 2011. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada538781.
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Geren, Pete, Jr Casey, and George W. Army Posture Statement: A Statement on the Posture of the United States Army, 2009. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada511562.
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Saalman, Lora, Fei Su, and Larisa Saveleva Dovgal. Cyber Posture Trends in China, Russia, the United States and the European Union. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/elwl8053.
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Current understanding of the cyber postures of China, Russia, the USA and the EU merits re-evaluation. It is often assumed that China and Russia are aligned, yet this is not always the case. Unlike Russia, which has an ongoing focus on information security, China’s official documents incorporate both information security and cybersecurity concerns that are similar to the USA and the EU. Moreover, while often paired, the USA and the EU have differing regulatory structures in cyberspace. Further, both actors increasingly mirror Russian and Chinese concerns about the impact of information warfare on domestic stability. By examining key trends in each actor’s cyber posture, this report identifies points of convergence and divergence. Its conclusions will inform a broader SIPRI project that maps cyber posture trajectories and explores trilateral cyber dynamics among China, Russia and the USA to assist the EU in navigating future cyber escalation and enhancing global cyber stability.
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Kugler, Richard, and Tony Vanderbeek. Where is NATO's Defense Posture Headed? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385819.
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NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU (ARMY) ARLINGTON VA. 2012 National Guard Bureau Posture Statement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada558021.
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