Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Postural control system'
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Torres-Oviedo, Gelsy. "Robust muscle synergies for postural control." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22691.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Committee Chair: Ting, Lena H.; Committee Member: Chang, Young-Hui; Committee Member: Lee, Robert H.; Committee Member: Nichols, T. Richard; Committee Member: Wolf, Steve L.
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Lim, Yi Huey. "The Postural Control System in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from Exploring the Effects of Visual Information on Postural Control." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/78788.
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The thesis examined the effects of static and dynamic visual information on postural control in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The results suggest that the visual-motor mechanism adopted by ASD individuals to control posture is different from typically-developed individuals. Evidence of postural control impairments was also identified in ASD individuals. The findings advance the understanding of postural control in ASD and may guide the development of effective postural control interventions for ASD individuals.
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Amenabar, Katharine. "Closed loop system identification of postural control with bilateral vestibular loss." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9686.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Toledo, Diana Rezende de [UNESP]. "Alterações sensoriais e motoras associadas ao envelhecimento e controle postural de idosos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87454.
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toledo_dr_me_rcla.pdf: 1180963 bytes, checksum: 1b7f7f71b036e62aaab6c4903057aae6 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O avanço da idade vem acompanhado de muitas alterações estruturais, funcionais e comportamentais. Como um bom desempenho do controle postural depende da integridade dos sistemas sensoriais e motor, as deteriorações que ocorrem nestes sistemas com o envelhecimento poderiam influenciar o desempenho de controle postural em indivíduos idosos. Entretanto, ainda não estão claras quais alterações funcionais nos sistemas sensoriais e motor são provocadas pelo envelhecimento por si só, bem como a relação entre estas alterações e as mudanças no desempenho de controle postural de adultos idosos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas sensoriais e motor e do controle postural de adultos idosos e investigar a relação entre as alterações destes sistemas e o controle postural desta população. Vinte adultos idosos (68,9±3,7 anos) (GAI) e 20 adultos jovens (21,9±2,1 anos) (GAJ) foram submetidos a avaliações sensoriais, motoras e de controle portural. As avaliações sensoriais foram compostas por avaliação visual (acuidade e sensibilidade ao contraste) e somatossensorial (sensibilidade cutânea e sensibilidade ao movimento passivo). As avaliações motoras consistiram de medidas de torque articular e de latência de ativação muscular após perturbação da superfície de suporte. As avaliações de controle postural consistiram de medidas de oscilação corporal durante manutenção da postura ereta (em semi-tandem stance), resolução de conflito sensorial (movimentação discreta de uma sala móvel) e acoplamento entre informação visual e oscilação corporal (movimentação periódica,...
With aging, individuals exhibit several structural, functional and behavioral changes. As a good postural control performance depends on the integrity of the sensory and motor systems, deterioration of these systems occurring with aging could influence the postural control performance of older adults. However, it is still unclear which sensory and motor functional changes are due to aging per se, neither the relationship between these changes and the changes of the performance of postural control in older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the sensory and motor systems and postural control in older adults and to investigate the relationship between changes in these systems and postural control in this population. Twenty older adults (68,9±3,7 years) (GAI) and 20 young adults (21,9±2,1 years) (GAJ) were submitted to sensory, motor and postural control assessments. Sensory assessments were composed of visual (acuity and contrast sensitivity) and somatosensory assessments (tactile sensitivity of and sensitivity to passive motion). Motor assessments consisted of measurements of joint torque and muscular activity latency after displacement of support surface. Postural control assessments consisted of measuring the body oscillation during maintenance of the upright stance (semi-tandem stance), the resolution of a sensory conflict (discrete movement of a moving room) and the coupling between visual information...(Complete abastract, click electronic access below)
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Davidson, Bradley Steven. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Lumbar Extensor Fatigue Effects on the Postural Control System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30929.
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Falls from heights are the fourth leading cause of occupational injury and fatality in the United States. In particular, construction workers such as roofers are often exposed to high risk environments. Recent research has reported that a leading cause of falls among workers is a loss of balance. Therefore, in moving towards reducing the number of occupational falls, further investigation of balance and factors that influence postural control is necessary. The effect of neuromuscular fatigue has been addressed by many investigators; however, few studies have examined the effect of localized fatigue in muscles not located in the lower extremities. Because low back fatigue is so prevalent during manual labor, this investigation determined to study the effects of lumbar extensor fatigue on balance. Chapter 1 includes a complete review of current literature addressing the effects of muscular fatigue on measures of balance. Chapter 2 details an initial investigation of lumbar extensor fatigue on center of pressure (COP) based measures of postural sway and examines the effect of fatiguing rate. Chapter 3 examines the effects of different levels of lumbar extensor fatigue and expands on the previous investigation by examining center of mass (COM) movement and incorporating additional measures of postural control. The results of these investigations indicate that lumbar extensor fatigue affects both COP and COM measures of postural sway, and might also lead to an increased reliance on feedforward postural control mechanisms. These findings contribute to understanding of effects of fatigue on balance and may aid the future design of interventions aimed at fall prevention.Master of Science
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Figueiredo, Gabriella Andreeta. "A utilização do sentido háptico em tarefas de controle postural imediatamente após esforço físico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-13042018-135803/.
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A atividade exploratoria em tarefas de ancoragem haptica exerce um efeito positivo em tarefas desafiadoras ao controle postural. A melhora ou reducao da instabilidade postural em tarefas de ancoragem foi comprovada em diversos grupos (i.e., adultos jovens, adultos idosos, criancas, e participantes com deficiencia) e condicoes experimentais (i.e., variados niveis de complexidade de tarefa postural). O problema deste estudo foi analisar em contextos de tarefas posturais se existe uma relacao entre o desequilibrio homeostatico provocado pelo exercicio fisico de esforco maximo (que afeta o sistema postural pelo impacto no sistema autonomo) e o sistema haptico (que integra adicional estrategia de controle voluntario ao sistema postural). O objetivo do nosso estudo foi testar se a informacao haptica proporcionada pelo uso do sistema ancora exibe efeitos imediatos de atenuacao dos niveis de instabilidade postural aumentada pela fadiga geral decorrente do exercicio fisico maximo. O sistema ancora incorpora atividade exploratoria simultanea a execucao de uma tarefa postural desafiadora. O contexto de ancoragem inclui o manejo de dois cabos flexiveis com cargas anexas em suas extremidades que possibilita a exploracao haptica. Neste estudo, dois grupos foram compostos, um grupo experimental com vinte e tres adultos jovens fisicamente ativos e um grupo controle composto de dez adultos jovens. Ambos os grupos realizaram duas sessoes experimentais (com ancora; sem ancora) com tarefas de controle postural. Para o grupo experimental, as duas sessoes consistiram em: a. uma tarefa de equilibrio antes do esforco fisico, b. um protocolo incremental de esforco, e c. tarefas de equilibrio apos o protocolo de esforco realizados em 4 diferentes momentos ate 15 minutos. Para a inducao do esforco fisico, utilizamos um protocolo incremental maximo em esteira ergometrica, e as duas sessoes experimentais foram realizadas em dias diferentes com prazo maximo entre elas de 14 dias. O grupo controle realizou as mesmas sessoes, entretanto o protocolo de inducao ao esforco fisico foi substituido por um periodo equivalente de descanso. O objetivo da existencia do grupo controle foi verificar a presenca de um efeito de aprendizagem durante a execucao das tarefas. Os resultados para o grupo experimental das variaveis relacionados ao deslocamento do CT, no dominio do tempo mostraram que a informacao haptica proveniente do sistema ancora atenuou a instabilidade postural durante condicoes de tarefas de controle postural onde o participante encontrava-se sob os efeitos da fadiga. Em todas as condicoes experimentais, o exercicio fisico maximo na esteira produziu um aumento na oscilacao postural, como esperado. Entretanto, quando a informacao haptica foi associada na tarefa experimental, a oscilacao postural foi significativamente diminuida. Embora a informacao haptica tenha atenuado significativamente os efeitos da fadiga geral sobre os niveis de oscilacao postural, a velocidade de recuperacao dos valores basais da oscilacao postural foi, na condicao de ancoragem, reduzida dada sua proximidade com os valores de oscilacao tipicos da tarefa sem a fadiga. Os resultados do grupo controle demonstraram que as tarefas utilizadas nao foram suficientes para promover um efeito de aprendizagem. O organismo a partir de estimulos de curto prazo compensou os efeitos de degradacao do equilibrio provocados pela fatiga. A informacao haptica foi util para o sistema de controle da postura compensar os efeitos de perturbacao causados pela fadiga.Exploratory activity during haptic anchoring has a positive effect during challenging postural control tasks. In such case, improvement of postural stability has been demonstrated in a variety of groups (i.e., young adults, older adults, children, and disabled participants) and experimental conditions (i.e., different levels of postural task complexity). The issue of this study is to analyze in contexts of postural tasks whether there is a relation between the homeostatic imbalance caused by maximal physical exertion (that affects the postural system by the impact on the autonomic system) and the haptic system (which integrates additional strategy of voluntary control to the postural system). The purpose of our study was to test whether the haptic information provided by the use of the anchor system exhibits immediate effects on attenuation of postural instability levels increased by general fatigue caused by maximal physical exertion. The anchor system incorporates simultaneous exploratory activity to the execution of a challenging postural task. The anchoring context includes the handling of two flexible cables with loads attached at their ends that enable haptic exploration. In this study, two groups were composed, an experimental group with twenty-three physically active young adults and a control group composed of ten young adults. Both groups performed two experimental sessions (with anchor, without anchor) with tasks of postural control. For the experimental group, the two sessions consisted of: a. balance tasks before physical effort, b. exposure to an incremental exercise protocol, and c. balance tasks after the exercise protocol distributed in 4 periods up to 15 minutes. To induce physical exertion, we used a maximum incremental protocol on a treadmill, and two experimental sessions were conducted on different days with a maximum of 14 days between them. The control group performed the same sessions, however the protocol of induction to physical effort was replaced by an equivalent period of rest. The aim of the control group was to verify the presence of a learning effect during the execution of the tasks. The results for the experimental group of variables related to CT displacement in time domain showed that haptic information from the anchor system attenuated postural instability during conditions of postural control tasks where the participant was under effects of fatigue. In all experimental conditions maximal physical exercise on the treadmill increased postural oscillation, as expected. However, when the haptic information was associated with the experimental task, the postural sway was significantly decreased. Although haptic information significantly attenuated the effects of general fatigue on postural sway the rate of recovery of the basal values of the postural sway was, in the anchoring condition, reduced because of its proximity to the typical oscillation values of the task without the fatigue. The results of the control group demonstrated that the tasks used were not enough to promote a learning effect. The organism from short-term stimuli compensated for the effects of balance degradation caused by fatigue. Haptic information was useful for the posture control system to compensate for the disturbance effects caused by fatigue.
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Toledo, Diana Rezende de. "Alterações sensoriais e motoras associadas ao envelhecimento e controle postural de idosos /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87454.
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Orientador: José Angelo BarelaBanca: Fabio Viadanna Serrão
Banca: Eliane Mauerberg de Castro
Resumo: O avanço da idade vem acompanhado de muitas alterações estruturais, funcionais e comportamentais. Como um bom desempenho do controle postural depende da integridade dos sistemas sensoriais e motor, as deteriorações que ocorrem nestes sistemas com o envelhecimento poderiam influenciar o desempenho de controle postural em indivíduos idosos. Entretanto, ainda não estão claras quais alterações funcionais nos sistemas sensoriais e motor são provocadas pelo envelhecimento por si só, bem como a relação entre estas alterações e as mudanças no desempenho de controle postural de adultos idosos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas sensoriais e motor e do controle postural de adultos idosos e investigar a relação entre as alterações destes sistemas e o controle postural desta população. Vinte adultos idosos (68,9±3,7 anos) (GAI) e 20 adultos jovens (21,9±2,1 anos) (GAJ) foram submetidos a avaliações sensoriais, motoras e de controle portural. As avaliações sensoriais foram compostas por avaliação visual (acuidade e sensibilidade ao contraste) e somatossensorial (sensibilidade cutânea e sensibilidade ao movimento passivo). As avaliações motoras consistiram de medidas de torque articular e de latência de ativação muscular após perturbação da superfície de suporte. As avaliações de controle postural consistiram de medidas de oscilação corporal durante manutenção da postura ereta (em semi-tandem stance), resolução de conflito sensorial (movimentação discreta de uma sala móvel) e acoplamento entre informação visual e oscilação corporal (movimentação periódica, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: With aging, individuals exhibit several structural, functional and behavioral changes. As a good postural control performance depends on the integrity of the sensory and motor systems, deterioration of these systems occurring with aging could influence the postural control performance of older adults. However, it is still unclear which sensory and motor functional changes are due to aging per se, neither the relationship between these changes and the changes of the performance of postural control in older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the sensory and motor systems and postural control in older adults and to investigate the relationship between changes in these systems and postural control in this population. Twenty older adults (68,9±3,7 years) (GAI) and 20 young adults (21,9±2,1 years) (GAJ) were submitted to sensory, motor and postural control assessments. Sensory assessments were composed of visual (acuity and contrast sensitivity) and somatosensory assessments (tactile sensitivity of and sensitivity to passive motion). Motor assessments consisted of measurements of joint torque and muscular activity latency after displacement of support surface. Postural control assessments consisted of measuring the body oscillation during maintenance of the upright stance (semi-tandem stance), the resolution of a sensory conflict (discrete movement of a moving room) and the coupling between visual information...(Complete abastract, click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Chvatal, Stacie Ann. "Muscle synergies for directional control of center of mass in various postural strategies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43648.
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Our long-term goal is to better understand how the nervous system controls muscles to generate movement. Our overall hypothesis is that the nervous system coordinates muscles by flexibly recruiting muscle synergies, defined here as groups of muscles simultaneously activated in fixed ratios, in order to map high-level task goals into motor actions. Here we studied muscle coordination in the context of balance control - a task that requires multisensory integration and coordination of multiple muscles, yet has a clear goal of controlling the center of mass (CoM), which can be achieved by using different strategies. If muscle synergies are a common mechanism used by the nervous system for balance control, we would expect to see the same muscle synergies used in a variety of strategies. Therefore we investigated the robustness of the muscle synergies in a variety of human postural strategies, such as standing, stepping and walking, to determine whether muscle synergies are a consistent underlying mechanism used by the nervous system. We hypothesized that muscle synergies are recruited to control a task-level variable (e.g. CoM direction) that is not specific to a particular postural strategy.
We demonstrated that similar muscle synergies are used in reactive responses to standing balance perturbations, in reactive stepping responses, in walking, and in reactive postural responses during walking, suggesting a common neural mechanism not only for balance control in various contexts, but for movement in general. The differences in the timing and spatial organization of muscle activity in standing, stepping, and walking postural responses were largely explained by altering the recruitment of a common set of muscle synergies, with the addition of only a single muscle synergy specific to each behavior. We demonstrated the functionality of muscle synergies by showing that each muscle synergy was correlated with a particular force produced at the ground and component of CoM acceleration both in stepping and in non-stepping postural responses. These results suggest that muscle synergies reflect the neural organization of the motor system, representing motor modules recruited to achieve a common biomechanical function across different postural behaviors. Additionally, muscle synergies used during walking were recruited during atypical phases of the gait cycle in response to an unexpected perturbation, in order to maintain balance and continue walking, suggesting a common neural mechanism for different balance requirements during walking. The compositions of muscle synergies used during walking were similar to those used during walking perturbations as well as standing balance perturbations, suggesting that muscle synergies represent common neural mechanisms for CoM movement control under different dynamic conditions. These results are of interest to a variety of fields such as rehabilitation science, prosthetics, and robotics.
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Pavan, Narcisa Zeferino da Silva. "Alternativas tecnológicas na aplicação de um estímulo sensório-motor sobre o equilíbrio postural: estudo retrospectivo." Doctoral thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5190.
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Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Biotecnologia e Saúde, especialidade em Epidemiologia e Saúde PúblicaIntrodução: Distúrbios do equilíbrio corporal, como tonturas, vertigens e desequilíbrios, são frequentes. Em muitos casos eles podem ser causados por disfunção propriocetiva. Para manter o equilíbrio corporal, o sistema nervoso central depende de informações aferentes dos sistemas vestibular, visual e somatossensorial que, associado à cognição, promove a interação entre corpo e espaço. Objetivo: Analisar as mudanças no equilíbrio corporal antes e após a aplicação de um estímulo pressórico sensoriomotor sobre a região da articulação atlantoccipital utilizando um instrumento denominado ZEPH´S (PI0900380-0). Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo, com amostra de 137 pacientes que foram subdivididos em um grupo experimental, com 70 pacientes que se submeteram à intervenção proposta e um grupo controlo, com 67 pacientes que não se submeteram a qualquer intervenção. Todos apresentavam queixas relacionadas aos distúrbios do equilíbrio, com diagnóstico etiológico não vestibular e não neurológico. Resultados: Análises estatísticas comparativas foram feitas entre os grupos. Testes de Qui-Quadrado, McNemar e Cochran avaliaram os testes de Romberg, Gagey e Fukuda-Unterberger, além do nistagmo espontâneo de olhos abertos e fechados e o nistagmo direcional. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes em todas as componentes no grupo experimental, no início e depois de 7, 30 e 180 dias da intervenção e no início e após 30 dias no grupo controlo e também na comparação entre os grupos experimental e controlo. Nos testes de Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon e Friedman para a Escala Visual Analógica foram observadas alterações estatisticamente significantes entre os quatro momentos no grupo experimental, nos dois momentos no grupo controlo e na comparação do grupo experimental com o grupo controlo. Os resultados dos testes com diferenças estatisticamente significantes demonstram o êxito do tratamento experimental. Conclusão: A intervenção testada com a utilização do instrumento ZEPH’S apresentou resultados positivos, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes relativos aos sinais e sintomas dos pacientes, quando comparados o momento da avaliação com os momentos após a intervenção e também se comparados ao grupo controlo.
Introduction: Body balance disorders, such as dizziness and disequilibrium, are commonly observed. In most cases, these disorders are consequence of proprioceptive dysfunction. To preserve the body balance, the central nervous system depends on afferent information of visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems and promotes the interaction between body and space in association with cognition. Objective: To analyze the changes in body balance before and after the use of a pressure sensoriomotor stimulus over the atlanto-occipital joint with using an instrument named ZEPH´S (PI0900380-0). Method: This is a retrospective study with a sample of 167 patients. From these patients, 70 constituted the experimental group and have undergone intervention with the instrument ZEPH’S, 67 patients composed the control group that had not undergone any treatment. All patients had complaints related to balance disorders and no etiological diagnosis of vestibular and neural imbalance. Comparative statistical analyses among the groups were used to evaluate the treatment outcome. Results: The Cochran's Q test, McNemar's test and Chi-square test evaluated the Romberg, Fukuda and Gagey tests, opened eyes spontaneous nystagmus, closed eyes spontaneous nystagmus and directional nystagmus and observed statistically significant differences before and after 7, 30 e 180 days of the stimuli within the experimental group and between the experimental and control groups. The Mann-Whitney’s test, Wilcoxon’s test and Friedman’s test evaluated the Visual Analogic Scale scores and experienced statistically significant changes among the four moments in the experimental group and between the experimental and control groups. All tests demonstrated a statistically significant difference regarding the success of the experimental treatment. Conclusion: The intervention through the ZEPH’S instrument showed positive results with statistically significant differences when the patient conditions were compared before and after the intervention, and also when compared to the control group.
Introduction: Les troubles de l'équilibre du corps, des étourdissements, des vertiges et le déséquilibre sont fréquents. Dans de nombreux cas il peut être provoqué par un dysfonctionnement proprioceptif. Pour maintenir l'équilibre du corps, le système nerveux central dépend des informations afférentes du vestibulaire, visuel et somatosensoriel celui associé à la cognition, favorise l'interaction entre le corps et l'espace. Objectif: analyser les changements dans l'équilibre du corps avant et après l'application d'une stimulation sensorimotrice de pression sur la région de l'articulation atlanto-occipitale l'aide d'un instrument appelé ZEPH'S (PI0900380-0). Méthodologie: Une étude rétrospective auprès d'un échantillon de 137 patients qui ont été divisés en un groupe expérimental, avec 70 patients qui ont subi une intervention proposée et un groupe de contrôle, avec 67 patients qui ne subissent aucune intervention. Tous les patients avaient des plaintes liées aux troubles de l'équilibre et aucun diagnostic étiologique de le déséquilibre vestibulaire ou neurologique. Résultats: Analyses statistiques comparatives ont été faites entre les groupes. Tests du khi-deux, McNemar et Cochran évalué le test de Romberg, Gagey et Fukuda-Unterberger, en plus de nystagme spontané avec les yeux ouverts et fermés et nystagme directionnelle. Des différences statistiquement significatives ont été observées dans toutes les composantes du groupe expérimental au début et après 7, 30 et 180 jours de l'intervention et au départ et après 30 jours dans le groupe de contrôle et également lorsque l'on compare les groupes expérimentaux et de contrôle. Les tests de Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon et Friedman pour l'Echelle Visuelle Analogique changements statistiquement significative n'a été observée entre les quatre étapes dans le groupe expérimental, en deux phases dans le de contrôle et le groupe expérimental par rapport au groupe de contrôle. Les résultats des essais avec des différences statistiquement significatives montrent le succès du traitement expérimental. Conclusion: L'intervention testée en utilisant la mesure ZEPH'S montré des résultats positifs, avec des différences statistiquement significatives pour les signes et les symptômes des patients, en comparaison avec le temps de moments d'évaluation après l'intervention et également par rapport au groupe de contrôle.
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Livengood, Ann L. "EFFECT OF THE SMARTSTEPTM STABILIZATION SYSTEM ON BALANCE IN OLDER ADULTS IN AN INDEPENDENT LIVING RESIDENCE." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/974.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2008.Title from document title page (viewed on February 3, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: vii, 122 p. : ill. (some col.). On t.p. the registered trademark symbol "TM" is superscript following SmartStep in the title. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-119).
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Gonzales, Leandro Cesar. "Controle da postura em idosos com adição de informação háptica: relação com a visão e a somatossensação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17152/tde-05122016-114941/.
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Embora o uso do sistema âncora reduza a oscilação corporal em idosos, ainda não está claro como a informação háptica adicional interage com os outros sistemas sensoriais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contribuição do sistema âncora na oscilação corporal de idosos durante a postura ereta semi estática com diferentes manipulações sensoriais: visão (com e sem) e somatossensação (superfície rígida e de espuma). Trinta idosos participaram desse estudo. Eles foram instruídos a ficar em pé sobre uma plataforma de força, com os pés afastados na largura do ombro. Três fatores foram manipulados: uso do sistema âncora, disponibilidade de visão e textura da superfície de suporte. O sistema âncora é constituído de dois cabos flexíveis seguros pelas mãos com cargas de 125 g conectados a cada extremidade que fica em contato com o solo. Nas tentativas sem visão, os participantes fecharam os olhos e uma venda foi colocada sobre os olhos. Na situação de olhos abertos os participantes fixaram o olhar em um alvo posicionado na altura dos olhos. Para a manipulação da textura da superfície, uma espuma com as dimensões da plataforma de força foi colocada sobre a mesma. Na condição de superfície rígida, os participantes permaneceram em contato diretamente com a superfície da plataforma de força. Com base no deslocamento do centro de pressão (CP), foram calculadas as seguintes variáveis: área da elipse contendo 95% dos dados do deslocamento do CP, amplitude média de oscilação (AMO) e velocidade média de oscilação (VMO) para quantificar a oscilação corporal. Os resultados da análise estatística para a área da elipse e para a VMO revelaram efeito principal de âncora (p<=0,0001), visão (p<=0,0001) e superfície (p<=0,0001), assim como interação entre visão e superfície (p<=0,0001) e âncora e superfície (p=0,002). Para a AMO os resultados revelaram efeito principal de âncora (p<=0,0001), visão (p<=0,0001) e superfície (p<=0,0001) e interação entre visão e superfície (p<=0,0001). O uso da âncora reduziu a oscilação corporal nas três variáveis analisadas. Por outro lado, a ausência de visão e a superfície de espuma aumentaram a oscilação corporal. O uso da âncora não contribuiu para reduzir a oscilação corporal na superfície rígida. Porém, na superfície de espuma o uso da âncora reduziu a oscilação corporal. O sistema âncora contribuiu para reduzir a oscilação corporal e essa redução foi mais efetiva quando o participante estava sobre a superfície de espuma. Portanto, conclui-se que em situações mais desafiadoras o uso do sistema âncora parece ser mais efetivoAlthough the use of the anchor system reduces body sway in older adults, it is not clear how the additional haptic information interacts with other sensory systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anchor system contribution to postural sway in older adults during a quiet standing task with different sensory manipulations: vision (with and without) and somatosensation (with and without a foam on the support surface). Thirty individuals participated in this study. They stood on a force plate, with their feet apart at shoulder width. Three factors were manipulated: use of the anchor system, vision availability and support surface texture. The anchor system consists of two flexible cables hold by the hands with loads of 125 g connected to each end that is in contact with the ground. In the trials without vision, participants closed their eyes and a blindfold was placed over their eyes. In the eyes open condition, participants fixed their gaze on a target positioned at eye level. For the manipulation of texture of the surface, a foam with the dimensions of the force plate was placed over it. In the rigid surface condition, participants stood directly over the surface of the force plate. Based on center of pressure (CP) displacement, the following variables were calculated: 95% ellipse area, mean sway amplitude (MSA), and mean sway velocity (MSV). The statistical analysis results for the ellipse area and MSV showed main effect of anchor (p<=0.0001), vision (p<=0.0001) and surface (p<=0.0001), as well as interaction between vision and surface (p<=0.0001) and anchor and surface (p=0.002). For MSA, the results revealed main effect of anchor (p<=0.0001), vision (p<=0.0001) and surface (p<=0.0001) and interaction between vision and surface (p<=0.0001). The use of the anchor reduced body sway in all three variables analyzed. Moreover, the absence of vision and the foam surface increased body sway. The use of the anchor did not contribute to reduce body sway on the rigid surface, but on the foam surface the use of anchor reduced body sway. The anchor system helped reducing body sway and this reduction was more effective when the participant was on the foam surface. Therefore, it follows that in more challenging situations the use of the anchor system appears to be more effective.
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Silva, Jair Araujo Lopes da. "A contribuição do sistema âncora em diferentes pontos de contato corporal sobre o controle da postura em idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17152/tde-21072016-151026/.
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O aumento no número de idosos nos últimos anos trouxe impactos sociais e econômicos. O processo de envelhecimento e/ou patologias específicas trazem consigo perdas progressivas sensoriais, motoras e de processamento central que estão relacionadas com o aumento das quedas com o avanço da idade. Estas perdas predispõem o idoso a sofrer com limitações físicas de mobilidade, medo de cair ou mesmo sofrer com quedas. Este quadro evoca a necessidade de atenção especial à qualidade de vida dos idosos, com novas intervenções e programas de reabilitação física. Dentre essas novas abordagens para melhorar o funcionamento do controle postural, temos a adição de informação háptica que contribui para reduzir a oscilação corporal durante a manutenção da postura ereta. Uma das formas de adicionar informação háptica ao sistema de controle postural é pelo sistema âncora. Este é uma ferramenta não rígida que consiste de dois cabos maleáveis com 125g de massa repousando no solo e com a outra extremidade segura pelas mãos (âncora tradicional). Considerando que o toque leve em diferentes partes do corpo reduz a oscilação corporal, é possível, da mesma forma, que o uso do sistema âncora em diferentes partes do corpo seja efetivo. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso do sistema âncora em diferentes pontos de contato (antebraço e ombro) sobre a oscilação corporal de idosos durante a manutenção da postura ereta Trinta idosos participaram do presente estudo. Eles permaneceram na postura ereta com os pés na posição semi tandem sobre uma plataforma de força para a obtenção do deslocamento do centro de pressão (CP). Cinco condições experimentais foram realizadas: sem âncora, âncora tradicional, âncoras nas mãos fixadas com presilhas, âncoras nos antebraços fixadas com presilhas e âncoras nos ombros fixadas com presilhas. Baseada nos dados fornecidos pelo deslocamento do CP foram calculadas as variáveis: área da elipse, amplitude média de oscilação e velocidade média de oscilação. Os resultados mostraram uma redução da área da elipse e da amplitude média de oscilação na direção anteroposterior nas condições com as âncoras posicionadas nas mãos (tradicional e presilha) e antebraços em comparação a condição sem âncora. Os resultados apontaram ainda uma redução da velocidade média de oscilação na direção anteroposterior na condição de âncoras nos antebraços em comparação a condição sem âncora. Na direção mediolateral, a velocidade média de oscilação reduziu nas condições de âncora fixada nas mãos e antebraços em comparação a condição sem âncora. O uso do sistema âncora na região dos ombros não trouxe redução da oscilação corporal. Em conclusão, o sistema âncora reduziu a oscilação corporal quando o sistema âncora foi posicionado nos antebraços da mesma forma que quando foi fixado/seguro nas mãos. A melhora observada com o uso das âncoras parece não estar relacionada com a quantidade de receptores táteis no ponto de contato dos cabos das âncorasThe increase in the number of older adults in recent years has brought social and economic impacts. The process of aging and/or specific diseases carries progressive sensory, motor and central processing losses that are related to the increased rate of falls with increasing age. These losses predispose the elderly to suffer from physical mobility limitations, fear of falling or even falls. This scenario evokes the need for special attention to the quality of life for older adults, with new interventions and physical rehabilitation programs. Among these new approaches to improve the functioning of the postural control system, we have the addition of haptic information which helps to reduce body sway during maintenance of upright posture. One way to add haptic information to the postural control system is the anchor system. It consists of a non-rigid tool with two flexible cables with 125g mass resting on the ground and with the other end secured by the hands (traditional anchor). Since light touch in different body regions reduces body sway, it is possible, likewise, that the use of the anchor system in different parts of the body to be effective in reducing body sway. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using the anchor system in different points of contact (forearm and shoulder) on body sway of older adults during maintenance of upright posture Thirty older adults participated in this study. They stood upright on a force plate to obtain center of pressure displacement (CoP) with their feet in the semi tandem position. Five experimental conditions were carried out: no anchor, traditional anchor, anchors on the hands secured with clasps, anchors on the forearms secured with clasps and anchors on shoulders secured with clasps. Based on data provided by the CP displacement, the following variables were calculated: ellipse area, mean sway amplitude and mean sway velocity. The results showed a reduction in the area of the ellipse and in the mean sway amplitude (anteriorposterior direction) for conditions with anchors hold on the hands and forearms compared to the no anchor condition. The results also indicated a reduction in the mean sway velocity (anterior-posterior direction) with the anchors on the forearms compared to the no anchor condition. For the medial-lateral direction, the mean sway velocity reduced with the anchor on the hands and forearms compared to the no anchor condition. The use of the anchor system in the shoulder region did not reduce body sway. In conclusion, the use of the anchor system reduced body sway when it was placed on the forearms in the same way as when placed/secured on the hands. The improvement observed with the use of anchors does not seem to be related to the amount of tactile receptors in the point of contact of the anchor cables
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Lopes, Andrei Guilherme. "Efeitos da atividade física no controle postural e capacidade funcional de idosos /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100413.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: José Ângelo BarelaBanca: Eliane Mauerberg de Castro
Banca: Renato de Moraes
Banca: Paulo Barbosa de Freitas Junior
Banca: Paula Hentschel Lobo da Costa
Resumo: O envelhecimento, associado ao sedentarismo vem acompanhado de muitas alterações estruturais, funcionais e comportamentais. O controle postural depende da integridade dos sistemas sensoriais e motor e, portanto, as deteriorações que ocorrem nestes sistemas com a ausência de um estilo de vida saudável, podem influenciar o desempenho de controle postural. Entretanto, ainda não estão claras quais alterações funcionais nos sistemas sensoriais e motor podem ser promovidas pela pratica de exercícios físicos, bem como a relação entre estas alterações e as mudanças no desempenho de controle postural de adultos idosos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi examinar os efeitos de um programa de atividade física no controle postural e componentes de capacidade funcional de idosos, abordando aspectos sensoriais, motores e o relacionamento entre ambos. Treze adultos idosos com idade entre 60 e 70 anos foram submetidos a avaliações sensoriais, motoras, de controle postural e capacidade funcional antes e após a participação em um programa de exercícios físicos generalizado. As avaliações sensoriais foram compostas por avaliação visual (acuidade e sensibilidade ao contraste) e somatossensorial (sensibilidade cutânea e sensibilidade ao movimento passivo). As avaliações motoras consistiram de medidas de torque articular e de latência de ativação muscular após perturbação da superfície de suporte. As avaliações de controle postural consistiram de medidas de oscilação corporal durante manutenção da postura ereta (em semitandem stance) e para capacidade funcional foi aplicada a bateria da AAHPERD, Os resultados indicaram que o programa de exercícios proposto influenciou positivamente as capacidades de agilidade, força e capacidade aeróbia e, ainda, a capacidade de produzir torque e latência muscular. Estes resultados indicam que o aumento causado na força muscular... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Aging and a sedentary life style exhibit several structural, functional and behavioral changes. A good postural control performance depends on the integrity of the sensory and motor systems, deterioration of these systems occurring with aging could influence the postural control performance, specifically in older adults that are more susceptible to falls. However, it is still unclear which sensory and motor functional changes can be affected by a physical fitness program, neither the relationship between these changes and the changes of the performance of postural control in older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a exercise training program in the performance of the sensory and motor systems and postural control in older adults and to investigate the relationship between changes in these systems and postural control in this population. Thirteen older adults with age from 60 to 70 years old were submitted to sensory, motor and postural control assessments. Sensory assessments were composed of visual (acuity and contrast sensitivity) and somatosensory assessments (tactile sensitivity of and sensitivity to passive motion). Motor assessments consisted of measurements of joint torque and muscular activity latency after displacement of support surface. Postural control assessments consisted of measuring the body oscillation during maintenance of the upright stance (semi-tandem stance) and de functional capacity where measured by the Functional fitness tests of AAHPERD. The results indicated that the training program improved de agility, strength and aerobic capacity of the functional capacity, the torque capacity and a reduction of the muscular latency. The absence of training effects on the postural control can indicate that the processing of sensory information can be more weight on de stand stance than the physical capabilities. The present study shows...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Pereira, Andressa Busch Rocha. "Efeito do uso do sistema âncora no controle postural após a fadiga dos músculos flexores plantares em idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17152/tde-29032018-104533/.
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O controle postural é perturbado após a fadiga dos músculos flexores plantares. Por outro lado, o uso do sistema âncora reduz a oscilação postural. Entretanto, não se sabe se o uso dessa ferramenta seria capaz de compensar o aumento da oscilação corporal provocada pela fadiga muscular dos músculos flexores plantares. A informação háptica adicional fornecida pelo toque leve e o taping foi capaz de compensar o efeito perturbador da fadiga em adultos jovens. Porém, não se sabe como os idosos respondem a essa perturbação com o uso da informação háptica adicional. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar se o uso do sistema âncora é capaz de compensar o aumento da oscilação corporal decorrente da fadiga dos músculos flexores plantares em adultos jovens e idosos. Os grupos de participantes foram testados descalços e com os olhos fechados em quatro condições na postura ereta: com e sem o sistema âncora, antes e depois do protocolo de fadiga. O sistema âncora consiste em dois cabos flexíveis com uma massa leve (125 g) fixada em uma das extremidades de cada cabo. Os participantes devem segurar um cabo em cada mão e manter o cabo esticado, sem retirar as cargas do solo. O protocolo de fadiga consistiu em realizar uma única série de flexão plantar bilateral do tornozelo repetidas vezes de forma constante e ininterrupta. Como esperado, o protocolo de fadiga aumentou a oscilação corporal nos dois grupos. Ambos os grupos se beneficiaram do uso das âncoras com a redução da oscilação corporal. Entretanto, esse efeito foi independente da fadiga. Concluímos que o sistema âncora contribuiu com a redução da oscilação corporal dos adultos jovens e idosos. Contudo, o sistema âncora não foi capaz de compensar o efeito perturbador postural em consequência da fadiga dos músculos flexores plantares.The fatigue of the planta flexor muscles disturbs postural control. On the other hand, the use of the anchor system reduces postural sway. However, it is unknown whether the use of this tool would compensate for the increase of the body sway caused by muscle fatigue of the plantar flexor muscles. The additional haptic information provided by light touch and taping was able to compensate for the disturbing effect of fatigue in young adults. However, it is unknown how the old adults would respond to this disturbance with the use of additional haptic information. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of the anchor system is able to compensate for the increase of the body sway due to fatigue of the plantar flexor muscles in young and old adults. The groups of participants were tested barefoot and with eyes closed in four conditions in upright posture: with and without the anchor system, before and after the fatigue protocol. The anchor system consists of two flexible cables with a light load (125 g) attached to one end of each cable. Participants should hold one cable in each hand and the keep the cable taut without removing the loads from the ground. The fatigue protocol consisted of performing a single series of bilateral plantar flexion of the ankles repeatedly and continuously and uninterrupted. As expected, the fatigue protocol increased body sway in both groups. Both groups benefited from the use of anchors with reduction of body sway. However, this effect was independent of fatigue. We conclude that the anchor system contributed to the reduction of body sway in young and old adults. However, the anchor system was not able to compensate for the disturbing effect in postural control created by fatigue of the plantar flexor muscles.
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Siqueira, Cassio Marinho. "influência do equilíbrio postural no teste 3º dedo ao solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-27022019-125330/.
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A avaliação da flexibilidade dos músculos da cadeia posterior é uma abordagem comum na prática clínica. O teste do terceiro dedo ao solo (DS) é frequentemente utilizado por ser de fácil aplicação e por ter se mostrado confiável e reprodutivo. O resultado do teste é a distância entre o terceiro dedo da mão e o solo e reflete a amplitude máxima permitida por esta cadeia muscular. Porém, o movimento para a execução do teste desloca para frente e para baixo grande parte da massa corporal exigindo respostas posturais para se evitar um risco de queda à frente. Foi levantada a hipótese de que o resultado desse teste possa variar de acordo com a demanda de equilíbrio do teste e a habilidade do indivíduo em realizar tais ajustes de equilíbrio. Objetivo: Verificar a influência do equilíbrio postural na flexibilidade mensurada pelo teste DS avaliada através de três paradigmas com os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1) verificar se a minimização da demanda de equilíbrio postural influencia o resultado do teste; 2) verificar se condições de aclive ou declive, que alteram as demandas de equilíbrio, influenciam no resultado do teste DS e; 3) verificar se é possível, através de uma rápida abordagem, orientar o indivíduo a executar uma estratégia de equilíbrio que melhore seu desempenho no teste DS. Métodos: 20 voluntários adultos jovens (6 homens e 14 mulheres) foram avaliados sobre uma plataforma de força em postura bípede quieta e em 6 testes DS em diferentes condições de demandas de equilíbrio na seguinte ordem: 1) Teste padrão (TP); 2) teste com suporte de equilíbrio (TS); 3) re-teste da condição padrão (re-teste); 4) teste em aclive (TAc); 5) teste em declive (TDc) 6) teste com orientações prévias de equilíbrio (TOr). Em cada um destes testes além da medida a distância entre o 3o dedo ao solo, foi calculada a posição média do Centro de Pressão (CP) através dos dados da plataforma de força e os ângulos articulares do tornozelo, joelho, quadril, lombar e tronco através de imagens digitais do voluntário em perfil. O ângulo de flexão total com a somatória dos ângulos também foi calculado. No paradigma 1 as variáveis foram comparadas entre condições TP, TS e re-teste. No paradigma 2 foram comparadas as condições TP, TAc e TDc. No paradigma 3 foram comparadas as condições TP e TOr. Os paradigmas 1 e 2 utilizaram a ANOVA para medidas repetidas com nível de significância p < 0,05 e teste post-hoc t de Student com correção de Bonferroni. Adicionalmente, no paradigma 1 foi realizado o teste de correlação de Pearson entre o resultado do teste DS e o CP. No paradigma 3 foi utilizado o teste T de Student com nível de significância p < 0,05. Resultados: O paradigma 1 mostrou melhora de 73% no resultado do teste DS, deslocamento anterior do CP, além de maior flexão de tornozelo e tronco na condição TS em relação ao TP. O ângulo de flexão total foi 30º maior na condição TS. O re-teste mostrou sinais de aprendizagem com resultados intermediários entre o TP e o TS. O CP correlacionou-se negativamente com o resultado do teste DS. O paradigma 2 mostrou grande melhora no resultado do teste DS em TAc em comparação a TDc e TP com maior flexão de tornozelo e maior flexão na soma das articulações. O paradigma 3 mostrou melhora de 62% no resultado do teste DS com deslocamento anterior do CP e maior flexão de tornozelo, lombar, tronco e soma dos ângulos em TOr em comparação com TP. Conclusão: O teste DS mostrou grande influência do equilíbrio postural. Condições com menor demanda de equilíbrio apresentaram resultados melhores que a condição com maior demanda. Na condição padrão de teste, o resultado foi melhor nas estratégias em que o CP é deslocado à frente. A instrução para que os indivíduos adotassem esta estratégia de equilíbrio levou a melhores resultadosFlexibility evaluation is a standard assessment in clinical and in sports settings. The Toe-touch test (TTT) is a common assessment tool to evaluate posterior muscular chain flexibility. It is a simple, reliable and reproductive test. But the test procedure implies a balance demand as it requires a great amount of body mass to be forward displaced. It was then hypothesized that the balance demand during the TTT and the subject\'s ability to deal with it may affect the flexibility measured by the test. Objective: The main objective was to verify the influence of postural balance on the flexibility measured by the TTT by means of three experimental paradigms with the following specific purposes: 1) to verify whether the minimization of the balance demand during the test may improve test results; 2) to verify whether the test outcome might be influenced by ground inclination (toes up or toes down); and 3) To verify if it is possible to briefly guide the subject to perform a better balance strategy to deal with the balance demand of the test. Methods: 20 young adults (6 men and 14 women) volunteered to participate. They were evaluated over a force platform during quiet stance and during 6 trials of the TTT under the following balance conditions: 1) Standard balance condition TTT (ST); 2) TTT with a balance support device (SupT); 3) ST re-test; 4) TTT over an inclined surface with toes up (TUT); 5) TTT over an inclined surface with toes down (TDT); 6) TTT with balance instructions (InsT). For each test it was calculated the mean position of the Center of Pressure (CP), the ankle, knee, hip, lumbar and trunk angles, as well as the sum of all these angles and the TTT outcome, i.e., the distance from the third finger to the ground. In the first experimental paradigm these variables were compared between tests ST, SupT and re-test. In the second paradigm the comparisons were performed between tests ST, TUT and TDT. And, finally, tests ST and InsT were compared in the third paradigm. In paradigms 1 and 2 the repeated measure ANOVA was performed with significance level of p < 0.05 and T student tests with Bonferroni correction as post-hoc tests. Additionally, the Pearson correlation test was used to calculate the correlation between CP and the tests outcomes. For the third paradigm it was used the T student test with significance level p < 0.05. Results: The first paradigm showed an average improvement of 73% in the test outcome associated by a forward CP displacement and greater ankle and trunk flexion in SupT compared to ST. The SupT also showed a greater flexion of 30? in the sum of angles. Re-test of ST showed learning effects with intermediary results between ST and SupT. Additionally, it was found a negative correlation between CP position and test outcome, the forward the CP, the better the test result. The second paradigm showed a great test improvement in TUT with greater flexion in ankle and in the summed angles compared to TDT and ST. And paradigm 3 showed an improvement of 62% in test outcome associated with forward CP displacement and greater ankle, lumbar, trunk and summed angles in InsT compared to ST. Conclusions: The TTT is highly influenced by balance. Test outcome was improved under less demanding conditions than those with more demanding condition. In the standard balance condition, test outcome was better when the balance strategy involved the forward displacement of the CP. The instruction to the subject to adopt that balance strategy lead to better test outcome
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Lopes, Andrei Guilherme [UNESP]. "Efeitos da atividade física no controle postural e capacidade funcional de idosos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100413.
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O envelhecimento, associado ao sedentarismo vem acompanhado de muitas alterações estruturais, funcionais e comportamentais. O controle postural depende da integridade dos sistemas sensoriais e motor e, portanto, as deteriorações que ocorrem nestes sistemas com a ausência de um estilo de vida saudável, podem influenciar o desempenho de controle postural. Entretanto, ainda não estão claras quais alterações funcionais nos sistemas sensoriais e motor podem ser promovidas pela pratica de exercícios físicos, bem como a relação entre estas alterações e as mudanças no desempenho de controle postural de adultos idosos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi examinar os efeitos de um programa de atividade física no controle postural e componentes de capacidade funcional de idosos, abordando aspectos sensoriais, motores e o relacionamento entre ambos. Treze adultos idosos com idade entre 60 e 70 anos foram submetidos a avaliações sensoriais, motoras, de controle postural e capacidade funcional antes e após a participação em um programa de exercícios físicos generalizado. As avaliações sensoriais foram compostas por avaliação visual (acuidade e sensibilidade ao contraste) e somatossensorial (sensibilidade cutânea e sensibilidade ao movimento passivo). As avaliações motoras consistiram de medidas de torque articular e de latência de ativação muscular após perturbação da superfície de suporte. As avaliações de controle postural consistiram de medidas de oscilação corporal durante manutenção da postura ereta (em semitandem stance) e para capacidade funcional foi aplicada a bateria da AAHPERD, Os resultados indicaram que o programa de exercícios proposto influenciou positivamente as capacidades de agilidade, força e capacidade aeróbia e, ainda, a capacidade de produzir torque e latência muscular. Estes resultados indicam que o aumento causado na força muscular...
Aging and a sedentary life style exhibit several structural, functional and behavioral changes. A good postural control performance depends on the integrity of the sensory and motor systems, deterioration of these systems occurring with aging could influence the postural control performance, specifically in older adults that are more susceptible to falls. However, it is still unclear which sensory and motor functional changes can be affected by a physical fitness program, neither the relationship between these changes and the changes of the performance of postural control in older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a exercise training program in the performance of the sensory and motor systems and postural control in older adults and to investigate the relationship between changes in these systems and postural control in this population. Thirteen older adults with age from 60 to 70 years old were submitted to sensory, motor and postural control assessments. Sensory assessments were composed of visual (acuity and contrast sensitivity) and somatosensory assessments (tactile sensitivity of and sensitivity to passive motion). Motor assessments consisted of measurements of joint torque and muscular activity latency after displacement of support surface. Postural control assessments consisted of measuring the body oscillation during maintenance of the upright stance (semi-tandem stance) and de functional capacity where measured by the Functional fitness tests of AAHPERD. The results indicated that the training program improved de agility, strength and aerobic capacity of the functional capacity, the torque capacity and a reduction of the muscular latency. The absence of training effects on the postural control can indicate that the processing of sensory information can be more weight on de stand stance than the physical capabilities. The present study shows...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Jalasutram, Srikanth. "Design of an intelligent posture guidance system for workspace seating." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41117.
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Seating is an integral part of work environment. When people are at work, they often sit in chairs for long periods of time without changing postures. This results in reduced blood circulation in the body, especially in the buttock-thigh area causing muscle fatigue, pain and discomfort. Ergonomically designed task chairs adopt a passive approach to guiding people into better postures by providing adjustability inside the chair. However most people do not adjust their chairs because they fail to sense the need for changing posture. They are left to sensing the need to change posture through guesswork or extreme discomfort. This thesis proposes a new system to address this problem by sensing static posture in a seated person with the use of electronic sensors embedded in the seat, and by providing interactive feedback to static posture via sound, light and tactile channels. The new technology is an sensing-feedback mechanism embedded in a chair, that allows people to receive postural information and make body adjustments periodically to avoid pain and discomfort caused by prolonged seating.The feedback mechanism was tested with four subjects to determine its efficacy in generating posture change through pressure relief and user feedback was gathered in order to design the final prototype.
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Hall, Courtney D., Carolyn K. Clevenger, Rachel A. Wolf, James S. Lin, Theodore M. Johnson, and Steven L. Wolf. "Feasibility of a Low-Cost, Interactive Gaming System to Assess Balance in Older Women." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/546.
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The use of low-cost interactive game technology for balance rehabilitation has become more popular recently, with generally good outcomes. Very little research has been undertaken to determine whether this technology is appropriate for balance assessment. The Wii balance board has good reliability and is comparable to a research-grade force plate; however, recent studies examining the relationship between Wii Fit games and measures of balance and mobility demonstrate conflicting findings. This study found that the Wii Fit was feasible for community-dwelling older women to safely use the balance board and quickly learn the Wii Fit games. The Ski Slalom game scores were strongly correlated with several balance and mobility measures, whereas Table Tilt game scores were not. Based on these findings, the Ski Slalom game may have utility in the evaluation of balance problems in community-dwelling older adults.
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Tia, Banty. "Couplage perception-action et équilibre postural : approche fondamentale. Application de l'observation pour le réentrainement chez les sujets agés." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS027.
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L’imitation volontaire est établie comme l’un des modes principaux d’acquisition des habiletés motrices. Il existe également une autre forme d’imitation, automatique et involontaire, étudiée initialement en psychologie sociale du fait de son interaction étroite avec les comportements pro-sociaux. Récemment, et sous l’influence de travaux des années 1990 mettant en lumière des substrats neuronaux communs à l’observation et à l’exécution du mouvement, les recherches scientifiques se sont concentrées sur cette notion d’imitation automatique et ont investigué, via différents paradigmes expérimentaux, les effets de facilitation et d’interférence entre mouvements observés et exécutés. Le travail réalisé dans le cadre de cette thèse vise à améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes de contagion motrice et à identifier leurs applications possibles au réentraînement moteur. Dans une première étude, nous avons évalué l’impact de l’observation de mouvements de déséquilibre sur le balancement postural d’observateurs jeunes (24,5 ± 5 ans), sans troubles posturaux. Le contrôle de l’équilibre orthostatique fait principalement intervenir des structures sous-corticales pour le maintien du tonus postural et l’intégration multisensorielle. Ces substrats neuronaux seraient, de la même manière que les fonctions végétatives indépendantes du contrôle volontaire, plus facilement contaminés par les mouvements observés. Cependant, l’observation d’un déséquilibre sollicite également des mécanismes de régulation posturale, qui restreignent le balancement de l’observateur et se surajoutent à des processus inhibiteurs prévenant l’imitation compulsive des mouvements observés. Par conséquent, ce paradigme expérimental nous a permis de tester les limites des effets de contagion à partir d’une situation où les processus inhibiteurs et régulateurs de la posture étaient fortement sollicités. Cette étude nous a conduits à mettre en évidence une contamination du balancement postural des sujets par le déséquilibre observé, ce qui a confirmé l’importance et la prédominance des processus d’imitation. Ce résultat soulève des questions importantes en termes d’applications au réentraînement moteur chez les patients souffrant de troubles posturaux, en particulier chez les personnes âgées qui présentent une altération de leurs fonctions de stabilisation. En effet, si l’observation d’un déséquilibre conduit à une réaction de contagion motrice, il est vraisemblable qu’elle sollicite également des fonctions inhibitrices et régulatrices permettant la stabilisation de l’observateur. La visualisation répétée d’un déséquilibre peut-elle alors conduire à une amélioration de la stabilisation chez les personnes à risque ? Pour étudier cette question, il serait nécessaire de répéter ce protocole chez le public cible - les réponses pouvant être modulées par l’âge et les aptitudes motrices des personnes. Notre seconde étude visait à évaluer l’impact du répertoire moteur sur les réactions de contagion motrice. S’il est admis que le système moteur (contraintes biomécaniques, niveau d’expertise) affecte les processus perceptifs, son effet sur les réactions d’imitation automatique a été peu étudié. Nous avons analysé les réactions posturales d’observateurs jeunes (24,2 ± 3,7 ans), sains, face à des séquences de déséquilibre antéro-postérieur et médio-latéral. Les stratégies d’équilibration posturale sont associées à des contraintes différentes selon ces deux axes, avec une symétrie médio-latérale et une asymétrie antéropostérieure – asymétrie résultant d’une position du centre de masse en avant de l’articulation de la cheville, qui induit une sollicitation accrue des muscles du plan postérieur pour la stabilisation posturale. Un impact du système moteur sur le processus de contagion serait donc susceptible de se traduire par des réactions posturales différentes dans nos deux conditions d’observation. etcVoluntary imitation is known as a major means of acquisition of motor skills. Besides, another form of imitation, automatic and involuntary, was initially more extensively studied in social psychology, perhaps because of its close interaction with prosocial behaviors. Recently, there was a renewal of interest in automatic imitation, following research works of the 1990s that highlighted common neural substrates for movement observation and execution. In this context, scientific studies started, through various experimental paradigms, to investigate facilitation and interference effects between observed and executed movements. Research work presented in this thesis aims to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in motor contagion and to identify their possible application to motor retraining. For this purpose, we evaluated, in our first study, the impact of observation of postural imbalance on body sway of young (24.5 ± 5 years), healthy observers. Postural control mainly relies on subcortical structures for maintaining postural tonus and ensuring multisensory integration. Similarly to vegetative functions that are independent of voluntary control, these neural substrates would be more easily contaminated by observed movements. However in response to observed imbalance, postural regulation mechanisms, superimposed to inhibitory processes that prevent compulsive imitation, restrain observers’ disequilibrium. Therefore, this experimental paradigm enabled us to test the limits of contagion mechanisms in a situation highly soliciting inhibitory and regulation processes. Our results led us to highlight a contagion effect of observed imbalance on subjects’ postural sway, which confirmed the importance of imitation processes. These results raise an important question in terms of applications for movement retraining in patients with postural disorders, more specifically in elderly patients with impaired stabilization functions. In effect, if observation of postural imbalance leads to a motor contagion response, it is also likely to solicit regulatory and inhibitory functions for observers’ postural stabilization. Thus, could repeated observation of such disequilibrium movements lead to an improvement of stabilization functions for subjects with postural deficits? To investigate this question, it will be necessary to repeat this protocol with the target population, since observers’ response is likely to vary with age and motor competences. To complete this work, we conducted a second study to assess the impact of the motor repertoire on motor contagion responses. Although it is widely accepted that the motor system (biomechanical constraints, level of expertise) affects perceptual processes, its effect on imitative responses has been little studied. We analyzed postural reactions of young (24.2 ± 3.7 years), healthy observers when presented with sequences of anteroposterior and medio-lateral imbalance. Postural equilibration strategies are associated with different constraints along these two axes, with a medio-lateral symmetry and an anteroposterior asymmetry – this latter asymmetry results from a location of the center of mass ahead of the ankle joint, which induces an increased solicitation of muscles from the posterior plane for stabilization. An impact of the motor system on the contagion process could therefore appear in the form of different postural responses in our two observation conditions. Our results indicated a greater contagion effect during observation of anteroposterior compared to medio-lateral imbalance. Postural contagion is therefore conditioned by observers’ equilibration strategy. In our third study, we considered using this contagion effect for perceptual training aimed at the maintenance and improvement of elderly subjects’ motor performances. The issue of an observational training device is especially relevant when considering people for whom physical exercise is limited due to fatigue or pain.etc
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Dozza, Marco <1978>. "Biofeedback systems for human postural control." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/391/.
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Delorenzi, Chiara. "Sindrome della Spinta nel paziente con stroke: correlazione con aspetti clinici, neurofisiologici e neuropsicologici. Scoping Review." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24553/.
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Background: la Sindrome della Spinta è un quadro clinico conseguente a danno cerebrale destro o sinistro, a seguito del quale i soggetti spingono attivamente con il lato non paretico verso quello patologico, determinando la perdita dell’allineamento posturale sulla verticale mediana. Questi soggetti si oppongono a qualsiasi tentativo di correzione passiva della loro postura. La complessità dei sintomi che stanno alla base della Sindrome della Spinta comporta importanti ricadute sulla qualità della vita di questi soggetti e, di conseguenza, dei loro caregiver.
Obiettivo: l’obiettivo di questa Scoping Review è quello di riassumere un corpus di conoscenze eterogeneo presente in Letteratura riguardo ai meccanismi neuropsicologici e agli aspetti neurofisiologici che stanno alla base della Sindrome della Spinta, al fine di fornire la conoscenza clinica necessaria per poter elaborare il programma di trattamento più efficace.
Metodi: la ricerca è avvenuta consultando due banche dati online, PubMed e CINHAL, tramite una ricerca manuale bibliografica. Sono stati poi analizzati gli articoli pertinenti rispetto al quesito di partenza “Cosa ci dice la Letteratura in merito alle correlazioni tra la Sindrome della Spinta e gli aspetti clinici, neuropsicologici e neurofisiologici?”, prendendo in considerazione ogni tipologia di studio nella fascia temporale tra il 2010 e il 2021, senza imporre limiti di lingua
Risultati: sono stati selezionati 12 articoli, di cui 4 revisioni narrative, 4 studi retrospettivi, 2 trial clinici, 1 studio prospettico e 1 case-report. Il processo di selezione degli articoli è stato riportato utilizzando un diagramma di flusso, mentre i contenuti dei singoli articoli sono stati schematizzati in una tabella sinottica.
Conclusioni: dall’analisi attuale della Letteratura emerge come non sia una causa singola e specifica a determinare la Sindrome della Spinta, ma più fattori di tipo neurofisiologico, neuroanatomico e neuropsicologico.
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Valente, João Filipe Torres. "Servo-system for controlled postural balance disruption." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/19139.
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Mestrado em Engenharia MecânicaO estudo do equilíbrio postural é uma preocupação que se aplica igualmente a seres humanos e robôs com pernas. Em relação a Humanos este problema foca-se na deteção de patologias, avaliação da capacidade de manter o equilíbrio e recolher dados acerca da forma como o equilíbrio é mantido. Por outro lado, o estudo da postura de um robô tem como objetivo avaliar e melhorar o seu controlo. Dada a necessidade de testar o equilíbrio do Projeto Humanóide da Universidade de Aveiro - PHUA, surgiu a ideia de criar um sistema de distúrbio do equilíbrio. A ideia é o sistema perturbar o equilíbrio utilizando forças de tração que poderão ser aplicadas em todas as direções do plano horizontal. Como primeira abordagem, o conceito é testado num pêndulo assistido por elásticos, com o objetivo de perceber qual a melhor forma de controlar o sistema e encontrar possíveis problemas para o seu controlo. Numa primeira fase, é desenhado um controlador para criar um estado de balanço em que as forças são iguais fazendo com que o pêndulo fique imóvel. Numa segunda fase, depois de atingir o estado descrito anteriormente, o pêndulo é brevemente puxado num sentido e são medidas as forças e o ângulo do pêndulo para se analisarem os efeitos do estímulo. Desta maneira, várias formas de aplicar estímulos são testadas assim como diferentes estímulos. Percebeu-se que: é possível aplicar estímulos repetíveis com este conceito; o facto de o sistema ser acoplado e não-linear causa dificuldades para o controlo, sendo necessário adoptar novas estratégias. Esta dissertação vai servir como suporte para o trabalho futuro, (que será construir o sistema à escala do PHUA) oferecendo um conjunto de informações e guias.
Postural balance is a concern that applies to both humans and bipedal robots. For Humans, this issue is focused on detecting some pathologies, evaluating individual balance capability, and gather data on how equilibrium is maintained. On the other hand the robot’s postural study aims to evaluate the machine’s control and help tune it. Given the need to test the equilibrium of University of Aveiro Humanoid Project - PHUA, the idea of creating a balance disruption system came up. The idea is that the system disrupts the balance using pull forces that can be applied in every direction of the horizontal plane. As a first approach, the concept is tested on a pendulum assisted by elastics, with the objective of understanding which is the best way to control the system and find possible problems to its control. On an initial phase, a controller is designed to create a state of balance where the pull forces are equal making the pendulum stand still. On a second phase, after achieving the state of balance described previously, the pendulum is briefly pulled in a direction and tensile forces and the pendulum’s angle are measured, with the purpose of analysing the effects of the stimulus. This way, different manners of applying stimuli and different types of stimuli are tested. It was realised that: it is possible to apply repeatable stimuli with this concept; the fact that the system is coupled and non-linear brings obstacles to its control, being necessary to adopt new control strategies. This dissertation will serve as a support for future work, (which is building the system at PHUA scale) offering a set of informations and guidelines.
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Lockhart, Daniel Bruce. "Prediction of Muscle Activation Patterns During Postural Control Using a Feedback Control Model." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7280.
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Neural mechanisms determining temporal muscle activity patterns during postural control are not well understood. We hypothesize that a feedback control mechanism can predict both temporal extensor muscle EMG and CoM kinematics (acceleration, velocity, and displacement) during postural perturbations before and following peripheral neuropathy to group I afferents induced by pyridoxine intoxication. We introduce a feedback model for analyzing temporal EMG patterns that decomposes recorded electromyogram (EMG) signals into the sum of three center of mass (CoM) feedback components. EMG and CoM kinematics during postural responses due to support surface translations were measured before and 14 days after somatosensory loss in cats. We successfully predicted EMG before and after peripheral neuropathy by modeling a standing cat as an inverted pendulum and decomposing temporal EMG patterns using a simulation with time delayed feedback loop of CoM kinematics. This model accounts for over 60% of the total temporal variability of recorded extensor EMG patterns. Feedback gains for acceleration, velocity and position necessary to predict EMGs before and after sensory loss were different. For intact animals, more that 90% of the initial burst of EMG were due to CoM acceleration feedback, while later portions were due entirely to velocity and position feedback. After peripheral neuropathy, the initial burst was absent and the acceleration gain was significantly reduced when compared to the acceleration gain of intact animals for extensor muscles (p lt 0.05). By successfully decomposing EMG into three kinematic gains, a quantitative comparison of temporal EMG patterns before and after peripheral neuropathy is possible. The reduction of acceleration gain in sensory loss cats suggests that group I afferents provide necessary information that is used as acceleration feedback.
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Smith, Dean L. "Postural Coordination During Quiet Stance and Suprapostural Activity." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1091063392.
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Scrivens, Jevin Eugene. "The Interactions of Stance Width and Feedback Control Gain: A Modeling Study of Bipedal Postural Control." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07082007-202007/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Wayne J. Book, Committee Member ; Young-Hui Chang, Committee Member ; T. Richard Nichols, Committee Member ; Lena H. Ting, Committee Co-Chair ; Stephen P. DeWeerth, Committee Co-Chair.
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Iasi, Thayná Cristina Parsaneze [UNESP]. "Contato distal do sistema âncora em diferentes pontos do corpo durante tarefas de controle postural." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153328.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Manter ou reestabelecer uma postura estável depende da detecção de informações por meio de sistemas sensoriais e sistemas de ação-percepção como o sistema háptico. O sistema háptico usa a exploração ativa inclusive durante o uso de ferramentas rígidas ou não rígidas para detectar propriedades importantes do ambiente. Um paradigma proposto sobre o papel do sistema háptico no controle da postura foi o sistema âncora. Os achados dos efeitos estabilizadores da postura com o uso do sistema âncora ilustram como o processo de detecção de informação do ambiente, distal ao corpo e mediado pela ferramenta âncora, depende da relação quase-estável no contato entre a superfície de apoio do corpo e a porção distal das âncoras. A extensão da utilidade desse contato distal para orientação postural ainda é pouco conhecida quanto ao contexto de perturbação da superfície. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o papel da ancoragem realizada no próprio corpo, ou seja, com a porção distal em contato com quatro pontos corporais (i.e., cintura escapular, cintura, joelho e tornozelo), e verificar sua eficiência na redução da taxa de oscilação postural em contraste com a ancoragem tradicional (referência externa). Ainda, analisar a influência da localização desses pontos, distal ou proximal ao solo, quanto à função de ancoragem háptica. Para isso, foram testados 27 sujeitos ativos de ambos os sexos, que permaneceram imóveis em posição tandem sobre uma plataforma de força, com restrição da visão. As condições da tarefa de ancoragem incluíram: a ancoragem tradicional e ancoragem com conexão distal em contato com os quatro pontos corporais (cintura escapular, cintura, joelho e tornozelo). Foram analisadas as variáveis referentes à oscilação corporal (TT-CP, área da elipse, AMO-ML) e referentes à regulação da oscilação do centro de pressão (VM-ML). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a ancoragem nos pontos de contato corporal, via TT-CP e AMO-ML, reduziu a taxa de oscilação postural quando comparada à condição sem âncora. Entretanto, a âncora tradicional é mais eficiente do que quando a resistência vem da porção anexa em qualquer parte do corpo. Quando a comparação é feita entre os pontos de contato corporal, observamos que eles não diferem entre si. Concluímos que mesmo o contato de ancoragem no corpo sendo parcialmente eficiente na redução da taxa de oscilação corporal, este contexto não equipara aos níveis de redução de oscilação gerados por uma ancoragem com referência externa.
Maintaining or reestablishing a stable posture depends on the detection of information through sensory systems and action-perception systems such as the haptic system. The haptic system uses active exploration, even during the use of rigid and non-rigid tools used to detect important properties of the environment. A proposed paradigm about the role of the haptic system in posture control was the anchor system. The findings of the stabilizing effects of posture with the use of the anchor system demonstrate how the process of detecting information from the environment, distal to the body and mediated by the anchor tool, depends on the almost-stable relationship in the contact between body support surface and the distal portion of the anchors. The extent of the utility of this distal contact for postural orientation is still poorly known in the context of surface disturbance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of anchoring in own body, therefore, with the distal portion in contact with four corporal points (i.e., scapular waist, waist, knee and ankle), and verify the efficiency in reducing the rate of the postural oscillation in contrast to the traditional anchorage (external reference). Nevertheless, to analyze the influence of the location of these points, distal or proximal to the ground, regarding the function of haptic anchorage. For this, were tested 27 active subjects of both sexes, who remained immobile in a tandem position on a force platform, with visual restriction. The anchoring task conditions included: traditional anchorage and the anchorage with distal connection in contact with four body points (scapular waist, waist, knee, ankle). Were analyzed the variables related to body oscillation (TT-CP, ellipse area, OA-ML) and referring to regulation of the center of pressure oscillation (MD-ML). The results obtained showed that anchorage at the body contact points, via TT-CP and OA-ML, reduced the rate of postural oscillation when compared to non-anchor condition. However, the traditional anchor is more efficient than when the resistance comes from the attached portion in any part of the body When the comparison is made between the points of body contact, we observe that they do not differ from each other. We conclude that even the anchoring contact in the body being partially efficient in reducing the rate of body oscillation, this context does not equate to the levels of oscillation reduction generated by an anchorage with external reference.
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McIntyre, Joseph. "Utilizing elastic system properties for the control of posture and movement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13586.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 1990.Title as it appears in the June, 1990 M.I.T. Graduate List: Utilizing elastic mechanical properties for the control of posture and movement.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-131).
by Joseph McIntyre.
Ph.D.
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Kallel, Hichem. "Stability and control of constrained three dimensional robotic systems with application to bipedal postural movements /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688507504223.
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Pettersson, Robert. "Human Postures and Movements analysed through Constrained Optimization." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10682.
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Bonfim, Thatia Regina [UNESP]. "Informação sensorial e controle motor em indivíduos com lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100427.
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Após a lesão do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA), a percepção de movimento e o controle postural estão comprometidos, possivelmente pela redução de informação sensorial da perna lesada. Assim, o objetivo desta tese foi investigar o efeito do uso de informação sensorial adicional na propriocepção e no controle postural de indivíduos com lesão do LCA e de indivíduos com joelhos sadios. Foi realizada uma breve revisão teórica e dois conjuntos de análises em um mesmo estudo experimental. O primeiro conjunto de análises investigou o efeito da adição de informação sensorial no limiar para detecção de movimento passivo da articulação do joelho e no controle postural de 28 indivíduos com lesão unilateral do LCA e de 28 indivíduos com joelhos sadios. O limiar para detecção de movimento passivo (LDMP) foi avaliado nas posições de 15 e 45 graus, para as direções de flexão e extensão. O controle postural foi investigado por meio da área de deslocamento, amplitude e velocidade média de oscilação e freqüência mediana de oscilação do centro de pressão (CP). As condições de informação sensorial foram: informação normal, bandagem infra-patelar, faixa infra-patelar e toque suave em uma barra estacionária (força inferior a 1 Newton). Os resultados demonstraram que o LDMP é maior em indivíduos com lesão do LCA, no entanto, há redução do mesmo com a utilização de informação sensorial adicional. A área, a amplitude e a velocidade média de oscilação do CP são maiores após a lesão do LCA e há uma redução com o uso de informação sensorial adicional. Indivíduos com joelhos sadios apresentam uma redução da oscilação corporal apenas na condição de toque suave.
After Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) lesion, perception of movement and postural control are compromised, possibly by reduction of the sensorial information from the injured leg. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to examine the effect of the use of additional sensorial information in the proprioception and in the postural control of individuals with ACL lesion and individuals with healthy knees. A short theoretical revision and two groups of specific in a same experimental study were realized. The first group of analyses investigated the effect of the addition of sensorial information in the threshold to detection of passive knee motion and in the control postural of 28 individuals with ACL unilateral lesion and 28 individuals with healthy knees. The threshold to detection of passive motion (TDPM) was evaluated in the positions of 15 and 45 degrees, for flexion and extension directions. Postural control was investigated through the displacement area, mean sway amplitude, mean sway velocity and medium frequency of the center of pressure (CP). The conditions of sensorial information were: normal information, infra-patellar adhesive tape, infra-patelar band and light touch in a stationary bar (applied force below 1 Newton). The results demonstrated that TDPM is larger in individuals with ACL lesion; however, TDPM is reduced with the use of additional sensorial information. The area, mean sway amplitude and mean sway velocity of the CP are larger after ACL lesion and there is a reduction with the use of additional sensorial information. Individuals with healthy knees presented a reduction of the body oscillation only in the condition of light touch.
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Qin, Jing. "The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on balance control in Parkinson's disease (PD)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211438/1/Jing_Qi_Thesis.pdf.
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Sood, Gaurav. "Simulation and control of a hip actuated robotic model for the study of human standing posture." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99794.
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Human stance in quiet mode, relies on feedback from eyes, skin, muscles and the inner ear and the control produced is a combination of strategies which enable a person to stay standing. This thesis presents the simulation and control of a hip actuated robotic model of human standing posture.The first part of the thesis is devoted to recalling basic elements of the human balance system and to describe the balance strategies it uses to maintain an upright stance. Of the strategies presented, we consider the hip strategy which motivated the formulation of a hip actuated robot. An investigation into the control of nonlinear underactuated robots by linear controllers is done to verify the range and efficiency of the controlled system.
The second part of the thesis includes the investigation of two simplified models of the robot. Results using linear state feedback control are presented. The two models used are compared to clarify the use of one over the other.
We found that for linear controls, the size of the region of convergence decreased underactuated systems of increasing complexity. For our four degrees of freedom robot, the region of convergence is of 2.3 degrees for the actuated joints and of 1 degree for the unactuated joints. Our system is Lyapunov stable when the fully simplified model is assumed.
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Zietz, Doerte. "Effect of aging on gaze, stepping behaviour, balance control and head posture during stair negotiation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3073/.
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Factors contributing towards falls in older age during overground walking have been widely studied. Stepping behaviour, balance and head posture control during stair negotiation in young adults (YA) and older adults with either lower (LROA) or higher (HROA) risk of falling during midstair negotiation have not been investigated. The aims of the thesis were threefold. Firstly, age-related changes in gaze behaviour were investigated. The main finding was that older adults fixate stair edges for longer than YA. Secondly, the effect of manipulating visual information on stepping parameters and balance control was compared between YA, LROA and HROA. For stair ascent, stepping and balance control was preserved in LROA and HROA and highlighted stair edges led to increased foot clearance in all groups. For stair descent, HROA demonstrated smaller foot clearance than LROA and highlighted stair edges improved balance in LROA and HROA. Thirdly, head posture was studied in YA, LROA and HROA. Compared to walking, LROA and HROA demonstrated more variable head posture than YA. Overall the findings suggest that adults use visual and probably proprioceptive information about stair edge locations to negotiate stairs and HROA benefited from highlighted stair edges. HROA should be included in future stair negotiation studies.
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Pettersson, Robert. "Simulation of Human Movements through Optimization." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Strukturmekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102158.
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Optimization has been used to simulate human neural control and resulting movement patterns. The short term aim was to develop the methodology required for solving the movement optimization problem often arising when modelling human movements. A long term aim is the contribution to increased knowledge about various human movements, wherein postures is one specific case. Simulation tools can give valuable information to improve orthopeadic treatments and technique for training and performance in sports. In one study a static 3D model with 30 muscle groups was used to analyse postures. The activation levels of these muscles are minimized in order to represent the individual’s choice of posture. Subject specific data in terms of anthropometry, strength and orthopedic aids serve as input. The specific aim of this part was to study effects from orthopedic treatment and altered abilities of the subject. Initial validation shows qualitative agreement of posture strategies but further details about passive stiffness and anthropometry are needed, especially to predict pelvis orientation. Four studies dealt with movement optimization. The main methodological advance was to introduce contact constraints to the movement optimization. A freetime multiple phase formulation was derived to be able to analyse movements where different constraints and degrees of freedom are present in subsequent phases of the movements. The athletic long jump, a two foot high jump, a backward somersault and rowing were used as applications with their different need of formulation. Maximum performance as well as least effort cost functions have been explored. Even though it has been a secondary aim in this work the results show reasonable agreement to expected movements in reality. Case specific subject properties and inclusion of muscle dynamics are required to draw conclusions about improvements in the sport activity, respectively.QC 20120910
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Waele, Catherine de. "Le systeme de controle du regard et de la posture : une etude combinee in vivo et in vitro." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066663.
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Dans ce travail, nous avons tente de combiner des etudes in vivo et in vitro afin de faire le lien entre un comportement, la stabilisation du regard et de la posture, et les bases cellulaires s'y rapportant. Les etudes radiographiques et cineradiographiques des contraintes biomecaniques de l'ensemble cervico-cephalique nous ont permis de montrer chez le cobaye l'existence d'une specialisation fonctionnelle des differentes articulations cervicales. L'etude radiographique des differents syndromes posturaux induits apres lesion globale ou selective labyrinthique nous a permis de montrer que le controle de la posture par le snc est facilite au niveau peripherique par l'existence d'une diminution du nombre des degres de liberte du rachis cervical. Au sein des reseaux impliques dans le controle du regard et de la posture, les neurones des noyaux vestibulaires jouent un role determinant. Nous avons demontre l'existence de recepteurs nmda et histaminergiques au niveau des neurones vestibulaires centraux et etudie leur role fonctionnel. Les recepteurs nmda contribuent in vivo au maintien d'une decharge spontanee normale de ces neurones et donc au maintien d'une posture normale. Les recepteurs histaminergiques modulent, via la presence des recepteurs histaminergiques vestibulaires pre- (h3) et post-synaptiques (h2), le maintien de la posture de repos et le gain du reflexe vestibulo-oculaire horizontal. Enfin, les neurones vestibulaires medians sont egalement capables de se mettre a decharger rythmiquement en bouffees, in vivo et in vitro, lorsque leurs conductances potassiques calcium-dependantes sont selectivement bloquees. Le systeme du controle du regard et de la posture est tres plastique: apres suppression d'une partie des informations sensorielles afferentes aux noyaux vestibulaires, par exemple apres hemilabyrinthectomie, une posture quasi normale est recuperee en quelques jours. Nous avons aussi montre que, chez le cobaye, le gain du reflexe vestibulo-oculaire horizontal recuperait de facon non negligeable. Nous avons aussi demontre qu'elle resultait de la recuperation d'une activite spontanee quasi normale des neurones vestibulaires medians secondaires et vestibulospinaux. Toutefois, les bases moleculaires impliquees dans cette regulation de la decharge de repos restent a determiner. L'etude morphologique basee sur une technique d'hybridation in situ que nous avons effectuee nous a permis de tester l'hypothese d'une regulation trans-synaptique apres deafferentation des arn messagers codant soit pour les recepteurs nmda, soit pour les recepteurs
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Samir, Mourad. "Etude d'une plate-forme biaxiale en rotation destinee a l'etude dynamique de la fonction equilibration chez l'homme." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30111.
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Wuyam, Bernard. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de la personnalité ventilatoire de l'homme." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10107.
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La personnalite ventilatoire traduit l'existence pour chaque individu d'un mode ventilatoire et d'une forme du debit (profil ventilatoire) qui lui est propre. L'objectif de ce travail a ete d'etudier les facteurs pouvant avoir un role dans l'etablissement d'un mode ventilatoire et d'un profil individuel, chez l'homme eveille. Nous avons etudie plusieurs conditions de stimulation ventilatoire, induites par: (i) le changement de posture, (ii) l'exposition en hypoxie hypobare, et (iii) l'exercice musculaire. Les caracteristiques ventilatoires ont ete obtenues par pneumotachographie, debitmetrie ultrasonique, et plethysmographie par inductance respiratoire (pir), selon les conditions d'experimentation. L'analyse harmonique, appliquee a ces signaux, conduit a la definition de 8 variables correspondant aux coordonnees cartesiennes des vecteurs representant les phases et amplitudes des 4 premiers harmoniques, dont la representation graphique est appelee aster. Cette methode permet une quantification de la forme independante des ecarts de duree des cycles et, apres normalisation, des variations d'amplitude des cycles. Notre travail montre: (i) que le profil individuel n'est pas affecte par les modifications chemoreflexes associees a l'exposition en hypoxie hypobare: (ii) que, par contre, il existe des variations du profil individuel a l'exercice musculaire a la fois en normoxie et en hypoxie; (iii) que le changement de posture ne conduit pas a une modification du profil ventilatoire individuel. Dans cette condition, l'estimation de la forme du cycle ventilatoire a partir des variations de section thoraco-abdominales (enregistree par le pir) conduit a un profil proche mais non identique a celui du debit a l'ouverture des voies aeriennes
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Allison, Leslie K. "Relationships between postural control system impairments and disabilities." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33682.
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"The Design and Evaluation of a Kinect-Based Postural Symmetry Assessment and Training System." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38665.
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abstract: The increased risk of falling and the worse ability to perform other daily physical activities in the elderly cause concern about monitoring and correcting basic everyday movement. In this thesis, a Kinect-based system was designed to assess one of the most important factors in balance control of human body when doing Sit-to-Stand (STS) movement: the postural symmetry in mediolateral direction. A symmetry score, calculated by the data obtained from a Kinect RGB-D camera, was proposed to reflect the mediolateral postural symmetry degree and was used to drive a real-time audio feedback designed in MAX/MSP to help users adjust themselves to perform their movement in a more symmetrical way during STS. The symmetry score was verified by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient with the data obtained from Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor and got an average value at 0.732. Five healthy adults, four males and one female, with normal balance abilities and with no musculoskeletal disorders, were selected to participate in the experiment and the results showed that the low-cost Kinect-based system has the potential to train users to perform a more symmetrical movement in mediolateral direction during STS movement.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2016
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CHANG, CHENG-CHIANG, and 張正強. "Exploration of Postural Control in Neuromusculoskeletal System: Disease Model of the Central Nervous System and Disorder Model of the Peripheral Skeleton System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qut7pw.
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博士國防醫學院
醫學科學研究所
105
Background: Improvement of postural stability is an important goal during poststroke or sport-related injury postural rehabilitation. In people with neuromusculoskeletal disorders, postural asymmetry is commonly associated with postural instability. Postural asymmetry in patients with hemiplegia after stroke leads to impairment of the affected limbs, and induces more weight on the nonparetic supporting limb below pelvis to form postural asymmetry. Restoration of a more symmetrical weight distribution is assumed to be associated with improved postural stability. Studies of asymmetric cerebral functions have found similarly asymmetric functions in the cerebellum. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is defined as reduced blood flow and hypometabolism in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to supratentorial cerebral pathology. No study explored the relationship between posture (upright standing) and CCD in those persons yet. We hypothesized that CCD would impair postural control and tend toward lateralization of cerebellar perfusion. In addition to the central nervous system, injuries involving the skeleton, such as periostitis of supporting limbs below pelvis caused by over exercise is a common problem in athletes and runners, which may also create pain and functional problems in posture and ambulation. The purpose of this study was also to observe the functional improvement of the supporting limbs below pelvis upon rehabilitation with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with periostitis of the supporting limbs below pelvis based on a postural evaluation system test. Methods: To investigate the association between postural asymmetry and CCD among patients with chronic stroke while testing in the upright posture. Based on images acquired from Tc-99m-ECD brain perfusion assisted with densitometric analysis, 42 patients were retrospectively allocated into three groups: left CCD, right CCD, and without CCD. By using a force platform, the ability to maintain an upright stance was recorded as postural parameters. With respect to disorder model in peripheral skeleton system, a total of 54 patients with sports-related pain of the supporting limbs below pelvis underwent triple-phase bone scans using skeletal nuclear scintigraphy, which confirmed periostitis of their supporting limbs below pelvis. The patients were then randomly divided into two groups; one group underwent laser therapy (N = 29) and the other group (N = 25) underwent an equivalent placebo treatment. Treatment protocol commenced with rehabilitation intervention and LLLT was performed three times daily for 5 days at a dosage of 1.4 J/cm2. A Likert-type pain scale was used to evaluate the severity of pain. Postural function, including postural stability testing (PST) and limits of stability (LOS), was also performed to assess the function outcome. Results: First, in the disease model of the central nervous system, the sway intensity differed significantly between the left CCD group and the group without CCD (P = 0.0052) as did the sway velocities (P = 0.0010). Further, the association between the duration of stroke and sway intensity was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The interval from the stroke onset to the postural analysis was also significantly associated with sway intensity and velocity. Second, in disorder model of the skeleton, patients with periostitis of the supporting limbs below pelvis experienced a significant improvement in pain by day 2 or day 5 after starting to receive LLLT treatment, but there was no significant difference in pain scale between the measurements before (baseline) and after LLLT. When comparing the treatment effect of LLLT by assessing PST, the group differences of PST on dynamic vs. static testings ranged from -18.54 to -50.22 (compared 12, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1 to 0, all P < 0.0001), and the PST after LLLT were 3.73 units (P=0.0258) lower than those of before LLLT. When it comes to comparing the treatment effect of LLLT by assessing LOS, the group differences of LOS on dynamic vs. static testing were similar to those in PST, and the relationship between LOS and groups most significantly varied with the direction control during dynamic testing in direction at backward/right vs right (P <0.0001). Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the impairment of posture sway control was more severe in left CCD than the other types of CCD. Our results support a relationship between the postural asymmetry and lateralization of CCD in patients with chronic stroke, one of the disease models of the central nervous system. In addition, in terms of the peripheral skeleton system, in order to attain the desired goal of the physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs on the postural instability, LLLT was suggested to have a positive effect on proprioception in patients with periostitis of the supporting limbs below pelvis.
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Cullen, Hilary M. "Striking a balance with concussion assessment : use of the Wii balance board to evaluate postural control." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/8204.
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Background: Concussion assessments rely on a multifaceted approach where evaluation of balance and postural control plays an important role. Following a concussion, 67% of individuals report dizziness as a persistent symptom and 30% experience balance impairments. Studies incorporating the common Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) tool suggest that these impairments return to pre-injury baselines within ten days of incident. In contrast, however, studies incorporating more advanced posturography methods observe significant differences in balance up to one year following injury. While the BESS is consistently associated with low sensitivity and poor reliability scores, advanced posturography systems using force plates are not practical or accessible in most recreational sports environments. Recently, the Wii Balance Board (WBB) has been identified as a potential force plate proxy. Research confirms that the WBB is both valid and reliable in collecting center of pressure data. Thus, the WBB may be useful for investigating post-concussion balance deficits. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential utility of a customized WBB program to assess postural balance in an athletic population. The study aimed to assess change in postural balance using the clinical BESS and WBB assessment tools to evaluate balance at fixed intervals during a regular athletic season and following concussion. Design: Prospective partial cohort. Methods: Balance was assessed at baseline, mid-, and post-season. Individuals who sustained a concussion during the study period were further assessed weekly for four weeks post-injury. Results: No significant differences were observed in raw BESS scores across regular season or post-concussion time points. In contrast, significant differences in several WBB outcome measures were observed. In the single stance condition, COPML worsened by 24% and COPT worsened by 9% between baseline and post-season time points (p=.002 and p=.007). In contrast, participants improved by 14% on a timed dynamic task (p=.003) between baseline and post-season time points. Following concussion, only the WBB dynamic outcome measures were found to be statistically significant. A positive trend was observed post-concussion, suggesting that a learning effect exists with the dynamic WBB program. Conclusion: Study results emphasize the importance of considering the progression of athletic season when interpreting baseline and post-concussion balance measurements. Study results support the use of a quantitative balance assessment, such as with a WBB, to improve measurement of static and dynamic postural balance.Graduate
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hilarymcullen@gmail.com
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Rybáčková, Kristýna. "Vliv řízení průtoku vzduchu hlasivkami na dynamickou stabilizaci stoje." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408340.
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Title: The effect of airway control on stance dynamic stability Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find out whether and how will the influence of vocal cords modulation be manifested on the dynamic stabilization of the standing body during translational shifts of the supporting surface of different intensities and A-P directions. Thus, building on the findings of Massery et al (2013). Methods: The thesis has the character of qualitative research. The experiment was attended by 23 healthy probands, of which 7 men and 16 women aged 20-40 years. Spirometry was used to test the objectivity of airway airflow during breathing / phoning maneuvers with different vocal cords positioning and dynamic computer posturography using the Neurocom Smart Equi Test System and its Motor Control Test, which evaluated the effectiveness of automatic postural responses. We connected the posturograph with the spirometer using the Kistler accelerometer (type 8766A100BB). The course of the experiment was simultaneously recorded by a camera (GoPro Hero 7). The Smart EquiTest System generated three postural perturbations of different intensity (S - sub treshold, M - threshold, L - saturating) in two directions (anterior translation / posterior translation). The measured data were then processed in the program Neurocom...
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Li, Ching-Lung, and 李青龍. "Analysis and Control Design for Emulated Human Postural Balancing Systems." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51284726160394539638.
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碩士國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
95
The aim of this thesis is to characterize a mathematical model, including canal-otolith interaction, to describe biological interaction of the human upright standing posture and biological characteristics. The model explains and describes the subjective vertical orientation, angular velocity induced static tilt, and how does this phenomenon to affect the human upright standing postural balance. On the basis of the model, a state feedback control law is presented to assist the balance of the human’s standing posture that is interfered by the subjective verticals with the phenomenon of subjective vertical orientation illusion treated as an external disturbance. A robust control law is developed to guarantee the posture stability while there is plant uncertainties caused by the effect of vertigo. It is expected that this research could be served as a preliminary for designing postural control law for the future humanoid robots.
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Sibley, Kathryn May. "Autonomic Contributions in Compensatory Balance Control." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17831.
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This thesis examined Autonomic Nervous System activity evoked by postural instability. Autonomic reactions were assessed using measures of electrodermal activity at the surface of the skin. Perturbation-evoked electrodermal responses (EDRs) were consistently observed in conjunction with both upper and lower limb postural reactions. These autonomic responses were sensitive to perturbation amplitude, as well as experimental manipulations which did not influence the perturbation itself but which affected response execution. In particular, stimulus predictability and movement challenge modulated EDRs, although purely cognitive manipulations did not significantly affect autonomic responses. Probes examining the potential role of such autonomic potentials in compensatory balance control revealed that EDRs evoked during compensatory postural reactions were larger and more consistent than potentials evoked by purely motor or sensory stimuli, suggesting that evoked autonomic activity plays a role in compensatory behavior. While the specific role of autonomic contributions in compensatory balance control require further study, speculative models for autonomic contributions propose either feedback-based pathways for detection of instability to initiate the postural reaction, and/ or an adaptive role to higher centers important for establishing sensorimotor gain in future conditions. This thesis presents new evidence regarding basic neural mechanisms engaged in the recognition and response to postural instability, and future work may extend these findings in clinical populations with high fall incidence and offer clues as to alternative causes for falls and fall prevention.
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Yang, Cheng-Cheng, and 楊正成. "Landing Mechanism Design and Posture Control of Double-body System." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93064839079358687227.
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碩士國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
94
This study is dedicated to explore dynamic characteristic of double-body system at free falling. To imitate cat’s landing process, design a landing mechanism and posture control theorem. In order to provide the motion of animal’s backbone , we emphasize designing active joint to realize landing posture control mechanism. In this study, a complete dynamic model of double-body system , analyzing degree of motion and Euler-coordinate , combining homogenous transformation matrix and energy method to establish function of dynamic. Using ADAMS to build system’s model then simulation dynamic performance. In experiment scheme , we try to design an active joint to provide two degree of torque and controller design. Finally this mechanism would application in anti-drop of electric product.
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Hsieh, Chao-Jung, and 謝昭榕. "Using the Dynamic Perturbation System to Characterize the Posture Control Strategy for Subjects with Knee Osteoarthritis." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53637317255579408313.
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碩士國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
96
People with knee osteoarthritis (OA) due to excessive varus torque on the knee joint, which induces pain and deformity and affect the daily activities, such as walking and stair climbing. From biomechanical point of view, joint stability is related to the proprioception feedback, muscle activity and power, and grade of pain. How those factors affect the posture control ability of knee osteoarthritis subjects? To evaluate the correlation between the factors, this study, analyzed the measured variables of isokinetic joint peak torque, joint power from the Biodex dynamometer, centre of plantar pressure trajectory and sway travel distance from a pressure platform. The platform was placed on top of a function generator controlled steward platform, perturbed in 0.3Hz and 0.6 Hz in fore-aft tilting, as well as lateral sway tilting motion. 20 subjects with symptomatic knee OA and 20 age-matched normal subjects were recruited. The VAS (Visual Analogue Scale and WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index) were used to assess knee pain. The results showed subjects with knee OA had weaker joint peak torque and muscle powers particular in 60o/s knee extensor torque/power, 180o/s knee flexor torque, extensor power, 30o/s ankle plantar torque, 120o/s ankle plantar torque, plantar/dorsi power, they were significantly differed from the normal group. The flexion/extension co-activity ratio, Hip joint abd/add co-activity ratio were also smaller than the normal ones. During dynamic perturbation, the knee OA group demonstrated larger postural sway in either fore-aft or lateral-medial direction, as the perturbation frequency increased the sway became larger especially in lateral direction. The average adaption cycles for the OA subjects was about two cycles more, and the normal subjects normally had the muscle activated pattern from distal ankle to proximal hip joints and let to right, however, the OA group did not show a consistent pattern but as the perturbation frequency increased the hip muscle were used more in keeping the body balance. The pain was not related to the muscle activities and powers. The OA subjects were more likely used the Hip and Knee muscle synergy to keep the posture.
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Lee, Sungeun. "Balance mechanisms during standing and walking in young and older adults." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/973.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010.A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on February 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.