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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Posttraumatic stress disorder'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Kenny, Lucy Margaret. "Memory processes in posttraumatic stress disorder." [New South Wales : University of New South Wales], 2006. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/uploads/approved/adt-NUN20061110.142022/public/02whole.pdf.

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2

Fagelson, Marc A. "Tinnitus and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1636.

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3

Sutherland, Kylie Anne Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27273.

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This program of research investigated the nature and processes of autobiographical memory deficits in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study 1 examined the proposition that difficulties in the retrieval of specific memories present a risk factor for posttraumatic psychopathology. A prospective study of fire-fighters found that a significant predictor of posttraumatic stress was a deficit in retrieving specific memories to positive cues before trauma. Study 2 investigated whether autobiographical retrieval deficits in PTSD can be modified by psychological treatment. Results found that as PTSD symptoms reduced following treatment, individuals with PTSD retrieved more specific memories to positive cues. Together, these results indicated that specific retrieval deficits to positive cues present a vulnerability factor for PTSD. However, this memory style appears to be receptive to modification following therapy. Study 3 investigated the association between autobiographical retrieval deficits and impaired problemsolving in PTSD. Participants with PTSD retrieved more overgeneral categoric memories and took longer to retrieve memories than non-PTSD trauma controls. This deficit was associated with impaired social problem-solving, suggesting that specific retrieval is related to successful problem solving. In an analogue design, Studies 4 and 5 investigated the proposition that resource limitations may underpin autobiographical retrieval deficits. Results generally supported the proposal that reduced cognitive resources may be a mechanism contributing to specific retrieval deficits. Studies 6 and 7 examined rumination as another possible mechanism responsible for these retrieval deficits. Study 6 found high anxious participants retrieved fewer specific memories to positive cues following rumination, compared to distraction. Study 7 found evidence that negative rumination in the high anxious group increased categoric retrieval, whereas positive rumination had no effect. Study 8 found retrieval of trauma-related self-defining memories was strongly associated with personal goals connected to the trauma. Study 9 found that discrepancies in one???s self construct were related to the retrieval of trauma memories to positive cues. This program of research extends current theories of autobiographical memory by identifying risk, maintenance, and recovery factors in the context of PTSD.

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4

Kenny, Lucy Margaret Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Memory processes in posttraumatic stress disorder." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25206.

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Current theories of PTSD propose that impaired retrieval of trauma memories may impede processing of these memories and subsequent trauma recovery. This thesis investigated memory retrieval processes in trauma survivors with and without symptoms of posttraumatic stress, and in non-traumatised individuals exposed to a highly arousing event. Study 1 examined deliberate avoidance of unwanted memories in recent trauma survivors. The results indicated that attempts to forget were associated with poorer recall of forgotten information, but the size of this effect did not depend on the presence or absence of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Study 2 investigated automatic retrieval inhibition in trauma survivors with or without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The results suggested that repeated retrieval of trauma-related information by individuals with PTSD can cause inhibition of related, but unpractised information. Studies 3 and 4 examined the relationship between the vantage point of trauma memories, avoidance and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. The findings indicated that recalling a traumatic event from an observer perspective is associated with post trauma avoidance. They also showed that an observer vantage point in the initial few weeks after trauma is associated with poorer long-term post trauma adjustment. Studies 5, 6 and 7 were analogue studies which analysed the impact of heightened arousal on memory retrieval in novice skydivers. The results suggested that elevated arousal can interfere with retrieval of information related to the arousal-inducing event. Study 7 also indicated that autobiographical memory for the event may be impaired. Finally, Study 8 examined the qualities of trauma memories that were accessed via different modes of retrieval. The results provided evidence that intrusive memories were experienced as more realistic and with more intense affect than memories for the same event that were deliberately retrieved. Together, the findings of this program of research extend current theories of PTSD by highlighting the mechanisms through which retrieval of trauma memories may be impaired. The results suggest that the quality of trauma memories is affected by avoidance processes, elevated arousal and level of conscious control the individual exerts over retrieval.

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5

Schnitzer, G. "Art therapy for posttraumatic-stress disorder." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17682/.

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Background: Posttraumatic-stress disorder (PTSD) is common in military veterans. Research has shown reduced effectiveness of commonly offered treatments in those with military backgrounds. Some research has suggested the usefulness of art therapy for veterans with PTSD. The project aimed to establish firstly participants’ perceptions of any impact of group art therapy for veterans and secondly some of the perceived mechanisms of change. Methodology: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine veterans who had received group art therapy, two art therapists, and a veteran’s wife. Interviews were analysed using grounded theory. Results: Theorised categories pertaining to active ingredients of art therapy and its impact included (a) the art therapy group, (b) the art therapist, (c) trust, (d) doing the work, (e) a communication tool, (f) points of recognition, (g) making things concrete, and (h) not a cure. Discussion: The developed grounded theory is linked with existing literature. Limitations of the study design and analysis are discussed. Clinical recommendation include a call for greater co-operation between mainstream and art therapists. Due to the fairly homogenous sample it is suggested to replicate the project at different sites. Elements of the model may be investigated further to establish its validity.

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6

Falconer, Erin Michelle Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Inhibitory control in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43563.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder characterised by disturbed arousal, altered attention, and fear processing, and a reduction in the ability to perform cognitive tasks. Predominant neurophysiological models of PTSD have been focused on alterations in fear-related regulation, and few incorporate broader changes in generic executive control which may underlie many of the clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits in PTSD. This thesis aimed to investigate the neurophysiology of executive inhibitory control in PTSD using a Go/NoGo response inhibition task and converging functional imaging, structural imaging and electrophysiological measures. The first series of studies aimed to elucidate a normative neural network model of inhibitory control, and are consistent with normative control involving the activation of a mainly right-lateralised ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) network. Inhibitory control-related activation was found to be affected by levels of anxiety and changes in underlying neural structure; alterations in frontal cortical maturation and volume were related to additional activation of bilateral frontal cortical regions and the dorsal striatum, with anxiety increasing the demand on inhibitory control-related activation. In contrast to healthy participants, PTSD was associated with reduced inhibitory control as indexed by inhibitory behaviour, diminished activation of the right VLPFC, and slowed inhibition-related information processsing. PTSD participants relied on the greater activation of a left fronto-striatal inhibition network to support control, with the activation affected by levels of PTSD severity and comorbid anxiety. This left fronto-striatal activation in PTSD was related to underlying increases in fronto-striatal neural structure. Further, the ability to efficiently engage a left fronto-striatal network in PTSD during inhibitory control predicted better response to cognitive behavior for PTSD, consistent with the proposal that an improved ability to flexibly engage control systems may facilitate the resolution of PTSD symptoms. Taken together, this program of research extends current neurophysiological model of PTSD to show that PTSD involves a fundamental disturbance in the function and structure of key fronto-striatal response control networks associated with inhibitory control.

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7

Nelson, Megan E. "Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Stalking Victims." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1533558167223466.

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8

Frans, Örjan. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the General Population." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3528.

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This thesis explored the epidemiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and different aspects of the disorder. Firstly, we investigated the lifetime prevalence of traumatic experiences and PTSD in the general adult population in Sweden and evaluated the impact of different trauma types, trauma frequency, and perceived distress. The results show that traumatic experiences are common and PTSD is not rare; roughly one out of ten traumatic events results in PTSD, with a 5.6% lifetime prevalence. The female/male ratio is 2:1. The risk for PTSD increases considerably with a high trauma-associated emotional impact. The distressing impact of a given trauma appears to be higher in women than in men, indicating an increased vulnerability in women. Secondly, we hypothesized that traffic road accidents (TRA’s) are one of the most prevalent types of traumatic events in Swedish society; therefore, we examined the impact of event and response characteristics associated with TRA’s on PTSD development. The data demonstrate that of those who had experienced a TRA (n=1074, 58.9%), 6.1% reported lifetime PTSD. TRA’s associated with fatal accidents and injury to oneself and related to high distress more than double the risk for PTSD. Thirdly, we compared the relative merits of the DSM-IV’s three-factor solution for PTSD symptoms to alternative models. We found that the symptomatology is equally well accounted for using all factor analytic models as yet presented in the literature; the DSM-IV, we found, provides as good a fit to data as other models. Fourthly, we examined the neurofunctional correlates of PTSD symptoms and whether a treatment-induced (serotonin reuptake inhibitor - SSRI) reduction of PTSD symptoms is associated with altered rCBF during symptom provocation. Our results indicate that PTSD symptoms correlates with areas involved in memory, emotion, attention, and motor control and that SSRI treatment normalizes provocation-induced rCBF in these areas.

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9

Payne, Alexandra. "Intrusive memories in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66572/.

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Intrusive memories have been identified in the adult literature as not unique to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but a transdiagnostic process common to many psychological disorders, including depression. However, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the prevalence of intrusive memories in adult depression and research exploring this experience in adolescence is extremely limited. The current thesis portfolio aimed to estimate the prevalence of intrusive memories in adult depression through meta-analysis and to explore this experience in young people with PTSD and depression through empirical research. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled prevalence estimate of 76.0% (95% CI 59.4 – 89.4%), with indication that depressed adults are at comparable risk of intrusive memories as adults with PTSD and at increased risk compared to healthy controls (risk ratio of 2.94, 95% CI 1.53 – 5.67). A total of 49 young people participated in the empirical research, comprised of 13 with PTSD (with or without comorbid depression), 11 with depression and 25 non-clinical controls. Intrusive memories were reported by 92.3% of the PTSD group (95% CI 77.8 - 100%), 54.5% of the depressed group (95% CI 25.1 – 83.9%) and 28.0% of the control group (95% CI 10.4 – 45.6%), assessed through structured interview via telephone or video call. Intrusive memories experienced by clinical participants were characterised by accompanying negative emotional experience and appraisals of psychological abnormality and negative self-evaluation, whilst strong sensory quality was identified as a distinctive feature of intrusive memories in PTSD. Intrusive memories are therefore revealed as a common experience in adult and adolescent depression and highlighted as a potential target for cognitive intervention in both depression and PTSD. Routine screening for intrusive memories may provide valuable clinical information. Larger-scale study is recommended to affirm findings and further research is required to evaluate therapeutic interventions. Findings are discussed with reference to cognitive models of PTSD.

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10

Malcolm, Lydia R. "Cardiovascular Reactivity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/89.

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Exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress has been implicated in the increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet mixed results have been reported. The CVR research may have been confounded by underrepresentation of women, few studies using sophisticated cardiovascular measurement, and a lack of analyses of PTSD symptom clusters. The purpose of the present study was to examine if young civilian women (M ± SD = 29.89±7.33) with PTSD (n=17) demonstrate greater CVR than women with depression (n=12) or no mental illness controls (n=18), and to explore the relationships between CVR and PTSD symptom clusters. Participants were 56% Caucasian, 21% African American, 19% Hispanic, and 4% other. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), and impedance cardiography derived cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were utilized to examine CVR during speech preparation/delivery and math tasks. Between-group effects were observed during speech preparation - specifically, lower DBP reactivity for the PTSD group compared to the depression group (p < .05). Between-group effects were also evident during speech delivery, with a trend toward lower DBP reactivity for the PTSD group than the depression group (p <.08), higher CO reactivity for the PTSD group than controls (p <.01), and lower TPR reactivity for the PTSD group than the depression (p <.01) and control groups (p <.01). PTSD severity scores for DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 were used as independent predictors of CVR in multiple regressions variables. The DSM-IV analysis did not provide significant associations. The DSM-5 yielded significant associations of avoidance and arousal clusters with SBP reactivity during math, a significant association avoidance with DBP reactivity during math, and significant associations of avoidance and arousal with HR reactivity during math. Further exploration of PTSD symptom clusters may provide a clearer picture of the relationship between PTSD/CVR. Higher reactivity and lower reactivity may both be associated with risk for CVD, albeit through separate mechanisms.

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11

Atwoli, Lukoye. "Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15505.

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Includes bibliographical references
Objective: The main aim of this thesis is to analyze data from the South African Stress and Health (SASH) study and , for the first time, generate information on the epidemiology of traumatic event s (TEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and on the association of TEs with other psychopathological and physical health outcomes. Methods: A literature review was done to provide information current knowledge in the field. Cross - tabulations, Chi - squared tests and logistic regression analyses were then conducted SASH data to determine the prevalence of the different types of trauma and PTSD and the associations between the sociodemographic variables and TEs and PTSD on the one hand, and TEs and PTSD, other psychopathology and chronic physical conditions on the other . Results: The most common traumatic events were the unexpected death of a loved one and witnessing trauma. Lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 2.3%, and the conditional prevalence of PTSD after trauma exposure was 3.5%. PTSD conditional risk and burden were both highest for witnessing trauma. Witnessing trauma was commonest among males and those with low - average education. There was statistically significant association between witnessing and PTSD, mood, and anxiety disorders. Exposure to any TE significantly increased the odds of all the physical conditions, and the odds of having a physical condition were directly related to the number of lifetime traumatic events. Sexual violence and unexpected death of a loved one significantly increased the odds of all the e physical conditions assessed, while war events were only associated with respiratory conditions. Apart from war events, accidents and witnessing trauma were associated with the fewest physical conditions. Conclusions: Consistent with the literature, trauma and PTSD in South Africa are not distributed according to the socio - demographic factors or trauma types observed in other countries. Witnessing trauma is common in South Africa and increases the risk of mood and anxiety disorders. Finally, TE exposure is associated with chronic physical conditions in a dose - response manner. Trauma interventions must therefore focus also on those not directly affected, and routine evaluation for chronic physical conditions is recommended for survivors of all trauma.

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12

Guriel, Jennifer L. "Detection of coached malingering of posttraumatic stress disorder." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3324.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 71 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-32).

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13

Taylor, Kathryn. "Posttraumatic stress disorder among homeless adults in Sydney." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1146.

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A number of international studies reveal high prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within homeless populations. Recent research on PTSD indicates that cognitive responses to trauma are critical in determining who develops the disorder. In Australia, a number of studies indicate exceptionally high rates of trauma experience among homeless adults, yet PTSD has not been investigated in this cohort. Therefore, the primary aim of this project was to improve understanding of PTSD and related cognitions in a sample of homeless adults in Sydney. The project attempts to determine the prevalence of PTSD and its onset in relation to homelessness (Study One) and also explores the role of cognitions in PTSD (Study Two). The sample consisted of seventy homeless men and women aged 18 to 73 years, who were randomly sampled through eight homeless services. A computer-assisted face-to-face structured clinical interview was conducted for each participant. The majority of the sample stated that they had experienced at least one traumatic event in their lifetime (98.2%). The twelve-month prevalence of PTSD was higher among homeless adults in Sydney in comparison to the Australian general population (41.1% versus 1.5%). In 59.1% of cases, the onset of PTSD was found to have occurred before the age of the first reported homeless episode. In a comparison of those with and without a current diagnosis of PTSD, it was found that those with PTSD scored significantly higher overall on measures of posttraumatic cognitions and early maladaptive schemas. In particular, this group scored higher on schemas that centre on the world being entirely dangerous and the self being totally inept. A mediational analysis showed that when trauma and mental health care were controlled, the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and PTSD symptom severity was mediated by posttraumatic cognitions. It was concluded that homeless adults in Sydney frequently experience trauma and PTSD, which typically precedes homelessness. It was also concluded that among homeless adults, posttraumatic cognitions and early maladaptive schemas appear to play an important role in PTSD and may be associated with symptom severity. These findings have implications for public policy on homelessness and mental health, homeless service provision, PTSD theory, and PTSD treatment for homeless adults.

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14

Taylor, Kathryn. "Posttraumatic stress disorder among homeless adults in Sydney." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1146.

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Doctor of Clinical Psychology/ Master of Science (DCP/ MSc)
A number of international studies reveal high prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within homeless populations. Recent research on PTSD indicates that cognitive responses to trauma are critical in determining who develops the disorder. In Australia, a number of studies indicate exceptionally high rates of trauma experience among homeless adults, yet PTSD has not been investigated in this cohort. Therefore, the primary aim of this project was to improve understanding of PTSD and related cognitions in a sample of homeless adults in Sydney. The project attempts to determine the prevalence of PTSD and its onset in relation to homelessness (Study One) and also explores the role of cognitions in PTSD (Study Two). The sample consisted of seventy homeless men and women aged 18 to 73 years, who were randomly sampled through eight homeless services. A computer-assisted face-to-face structured clinical interview was conducted for each participant. The majority of the sample stated that they had experienced at least one traumatic event in their lifetime (98.2%). The twelve-month prevalence of PTSD was higher among homeless adults in Sydney in comparison to the Australian general population (41.1% versus 1.5%). In 59.1% of cases, the onset of PTSD was found to have occurred before the age of the first reported homeless episode. In a comparison of those with and without a current diagnosis of PTSD, it was found that those with PTSD scored significantly higher overall on measures of posttraumatic cognitions and early maladaptive schemas. In particular, this group scored higher on schemas that centre on the world being entirely dangerous and the self being totally inept. A mediational analysis showed that when trauma and mental health care were controlled, the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and PTSD symptom severity was mediated by posttraumatic cognitions. It was concluded that homeless adults in Sydney frequently experience trauma and PTSD, which typically precedes homelessness. It was also concluded that among homeless adults, posttraumatic cognitions and early maladaptive schemas appear to play an important role in PTSD and may be associated with symptom severity. These findings have implications for public policy on homelessness and mental health, homeless service provision, PTSD theory, and PTSD treatment for homeless adults.

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15

Fagelson, Marc A. "The Association Between Tinnitus and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1673.

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16

McCelland, Emily, Julia McDowell, Sherri Smith, Kim Schairer, and Marc A. Fagelson. "Hearing Aid Outcomes in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7812.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare hearing difficulties and hearing aid outcomes in veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to a group of veterans with no medical diagnosis of PTSD. Our hypothesis was that veterans with PTSD would have poorer hearing aid outcomes in certain domains (e.g., those related to loudness or interactions with the environment) relative to patients without PTSD. Assessing these differences could help identify unique factors that may lead to the development of tailored aural rehabilitation for hearing aid users with PTSD. Design: This descriptive study employed subjective outcome measures and surveys; the Abbreviated Profile for Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) served as the primary outcome measure. An additional questionnaire was developed to assess views of the subjects’ hearing in unaided and aided conditions in an effort to explore the relation between hearing aid benefit and PTSD symptoms. A total of 60 veterans with sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral hearing aid use were recruited from the Audiology Clinic at the James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Mountain Home, TN. Participants were divided into two groups of subjects either with or without PTSD (n=30 in each). Diagnosis of PTSD was confirmed via a chart review of the veteran’s medical record. Results: Results from the APHAB revealed a significant difference between groups in global benefit scores as well as the aversiveness subscale in the unaided condition. Overall, the PTSD group showed lower benefit scores, however outcomes indicated that both groups received benefit when aided. Results from the study questionnaire showed a significant difference between the two groups in both unaided and aided conditions for the questions focused on hyper-arousal and re-experiencing symptoms. Conclusions: Hearing aid users with PTSD perceive less benefit from hearing aid use on traditional hearing aid outcome measures. Additionally, these hearing aid users were more affected by hyper-arousal, re-experiencing symptoms, and avoidance compared to hearing aid users without PTSD. The clinical implications of this work suggest that hearing aid users with PTSD may need modified hearing aid fittings and/or additional counseling to meet their unique listening needs.

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Combs, Hannah L. "The Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, and Combined Posttraumatic Stress Disorder/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Returning Veterans." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/29.

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Veterans of the Iraqi and Afghanistan conflicts have frequently returned with injuries such as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). More recently, concern has been raised about the large number of returning soldiers who are diagnosed with both. Literature exists on the neuropsychological factors associated with either alone, however far less research has explored the effects when combined (PTSD+mTBI). With a sample of 206 OEF/OIF veterans, the current study employed neuropsychological and psychological measures to determine whether participants with PTSD+mTBI have poorer cognitive and psychological outcomes than participants with PTSD-o, mTBI-o, or veteran controls (VC), when groups are matched on IQ, education, and age. The PTSD+mTBI and mTBI-o groups exhibited very similar neuropsychology profiles, and both PTSD+mTBI and mTBI-o performed significantly (α=.01) worse than VC on executive functioning and processing speed measures. There were no significant differences between VC and PTSD-o on any notable neuropsychology measures. In contrast, on the psychological measures, the PTSD+mTBI and PTSD-o groups were identical to each other and more distressed than either mTBI-o or VC. These findings suggest there are lasting cognitive impairments following mTBI that are unique to the condition and cannot be attributed to known impairments associated with distress.

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18

Kenner, Frank Michael. "An Inclusive Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1347727038.

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19

Rogal, Shari. "The Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Pregnancy Outcomes." Yale University, 2006. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06282006-141433/.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), diagnosed prospectively during pregnancy, on the occurrence of low birthweight (<2500 grams) and preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestational age). A cohort of 1362 women was recruited from prenatal care visits and screened for depression, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use. Current episodes of PTSD were assessed using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from hospital records after delivery, and the data were analyzed using logistic regression. Two hundred sixty two women (33%) were lost to follow-up due to unavailable medical records, leaving 1100 women in the final analyses. Among these 1100 women, 31 (3%) were found to have PTSD during pregnancy. Substance use in pregnancy, panic disorder, major and minor depressive disorders, and prior preterm delivery were significantly associated with PTSD in the sample, while age, language spoken, and race were not. Low birthweight (LBW) was present in 6.5% of sampled women and was not significantly associated with a diagnosis of PTSD in pregnancy when adjusting for potential confounders. However, LBW was significantly associated with minor depressive disorder OR= 1.82 (CI=1.01, 3.29). Preterm delivery occurred in 7.0% of those without and 16.1% of those with PTSD (p=0.055). Because prior preterm delivery data were not available for 33% of women with PTSD, this variable was included only in secondary analyses. However, the association between PTSD and preterm delivery depended on this variable, with OR= 2.82 (0.95, 8.38) before controlling for prior preterm delivery and OR=3.35 (1.04, 10.85) after controlling for prior preterm delivery. These data suggest that a possible association of PTSD and preterm delivery was limited by the low rates of PTSD in this cohort and the inability to control for all confounders. Taken together, these findings provide limited support for the hypothesized association between PTSD and preterm delivery and no support for an association of PTSD with LBW.

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Al-Saffar, Suad. "Trauma, ethnicity and posttraumatic stress disorder in outpatient psychiatry /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-518-2/.

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Leskin, Lorraine Phyllis Stewart. "Attentional networks and working memory in posttraumatic stress disorder /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400968391&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-73). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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22

Goff, Ashley P. "The role of replicative nightmares in posttraumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542365.

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23

Walter, Kristen H. "Self-control and executive function in posttraumatic stress disorder." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1276474763.

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24

Schönfeld, Sabine, and Anke Ehlers. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Autobiographical Memories in Everyday Life." Sage, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35471.

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Evidence from self-reports and laboratory studies suggests that recall of nontrauma autobiographical memories may be disturbed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but investigations in everyday life are sparse. This study investigated unintentional nontrauma and trauma memories in trauma survivors with and without PTSD (N = 52), who kept an autobiographical memory diary for a week. We investigated whether unintentional nontrauma memories show an overgeneral memory bias and further memory abnormalities in people with PTSD, and whether unintentional trauma memories show distinct features. Compared to the no-PTSD group, the PTSD group recorded fewer nontrauma memories, which were more overgeneral, more often from before the trauma or related to the trauma, were perceived as distant, and led to greater dwelling. Trauma memories were more vivid, recurrent, and present and led to greater suppression and dwelling. Within the PTSD group, the same features distinguished trauma and nontrauma memories. Results are discussed regarding theories of autobiographical memory and PTSD.

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Crisp, William A. "Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Effect of Intelligence on Symptomatology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4527/.

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The objective of this study was to examine the relations between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptomatology and intelligence. Thirty American combat veterans of the Vietnam War, diagnosed with chronic PTSD, were given a psychodiagnostic structured interview. Participants were assessed for Intelligence Quotient as well as the veracity of their self report. The study found that there were significant differences in how participants experienced their PTSD symptoms that were correlated with intelligence. The higher IQ participants reported more frequent and intense guilt related symptoms as well as more intense intrusive recollections. The lower IQ participants experienced more frequent startle responses, more intense problems related to falling or remaining asleep and more frequent affective symptoms related to emotional numbing. Psychologists could use these differences in how PTSD is experienced in treatment planning. It may be useful for therapy to address sleep disturbances and affective numbing in lower IQ individuals. Therapy for higher IQ individuals may be more useful if it addresses feelings of guilt and intrusive recollections.

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Quinn, Robert Hart. "Posttraumatic stress disorder its theological significance and the church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Thesis (M. Div. in Christian Care and Counseling)--Emmanuel School of Religion, Johnson City, Tennessee, 2000.
Vita. Photocopy of computer printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-137).

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27

Fagelson, Marc A. "Hearing Aid Use for Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1592.

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The Official Publication of the Canadian Academy of Audiology, Marc Fagelson writes about how awareness and consideration of the special needs of patients with PTSD – the increased need to monitor the acoustical environment

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Grekin, Rebecca. "Factor structure and risk of perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5941.

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Existing research suggests that childbirth may be a significant trigger of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the postpartum period. While literature presents important results regarding the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum PTSD, several gaps remain. The current study examined the factor structure of perinatal PTSD by comparing two supported structures of PTSD. Additionally, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine whether subjective birthing experiences and objective childbirth characteristics mediated the relationship between psychosocial variables (history of trauma, fear of childbirth, and social support) and postpartum PTSD. Women were recruited during pregnancy from the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Symptoms of PTSD, OCD, and depression, as well as risk factors for postpartum PTSD were measured at pregnancy, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postpartum. Additionally, structured clinical interviews were conducted to assess for depression, PTSD, OCD, and mania. Five factor structures were examined using confirmatory factor analysis, including two four factor models with correlated latent factors, two four factor hierarchical models, and a unidimensional model. All models resulted in adequate global fit and excellent component fit. The most parsimonious model, the unidimensional model was retained. The SEM showed that subjective perceptions of childbirth mediated the relationship between fear of childbirth and postpartum PTSD at 4 weeks postpartum. At 8 weeks postpartum, objective childbirth characteristics mediated the relationship between fear of childbirth and postpartum PTSD and there was a direct relationship between fear of childbirth and postpartum PTSD. The current study supports a hierarchical or unidimensional structure of PTSD in perinatal samples emphasizing the importance of a higher-order, shared dimension of PTSD symptoms. It further emphasizes the importance of fear of childbirth and both subjective and objective birthing experiences in predicting postpartum psychopathology. Future research should examine these symptoms and risk factors in a more diverse and at-risk sample. Additionally, accurate assessments, and influential interventions for postpartum PTSD should be further examined.

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Rogers, Susan. "Neurolinguistic Programming Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6035.

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The goal of the study was to determine the effect of the neurolinguistic programming procedure of visual-kinesthetic dissociation on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in a sample of Vietnam combat veterans. Thirty-eight veterans in a Veterans Administration treatment program were given three sessions of either visual-kinesthetic dissociation or regular program activities. Overall post-traumatic symptoms, re-experiencing symptoms, and amount of sleep were measured before and after treatment and at a three month follow-up. Results indicated that the treatment program itself had no significant effect on symptoms measured, nor did the addition of visual-kinesthetic dissociation provide any incremental symptom relief.

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Lewis, Heather Renee O'Dell. "TREATING POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG AGING VETERANS: WHAT WORKS?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/350.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious condition with debilitating symptoms which affects military veterans and has been understudied in the older population. Aside from treating the veterans of the Vietnam War and World War II, as service members from more recent conflicts age, the mental healthcare system needs to be able to treat them with empathy and effective therapies. As there is a need for future research focusing on this population, this paper reviews the current literature and utilizes Grounded theory to further the research related to PTSD in aging veterans. A selection of mental health clinicians with experience treating this population were interviewed and the results discussed. Those therapists who work for the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) most often use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to treat their clients, with Prolonged Exposure Therapy being the next most popular therapeutic modality. Those clinicians who are separate from the VA are able to employ therapies such as Cognitive Restructuring or blend theories to meet the precise needs of individual veterans. Also addressed are the differences and commonalities in PTSD symptoms between veterans of different conflict eras. Based upon these interviews, suggestions were made for changes to the treatment of military-related PTSD.

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Boggs, Christina Danielle. "Clinical overlap between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder in male veterans." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4367.

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The associated features, high rates of comorbidity and chronicity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) raise questions regarding the distinctiveness of the two disorders. The present study expands upon previous literature by providing an investigation of clinical features across two groups: PTSD only and comorbid PTSD and BPD in a sample of male veterans (n=178). Results suggest that the two groups were distinct, with the comorbid group displaying higher levels of depression, hostility, alcohol use and general psychopathology. Groups did not differ on rates of personal trauma, adult sexual abuse, childhood sexual abuse, attack, accident or disaster. The two groups did differ significantly on rates of childhood violence.

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Keppel-Benson, Jane M. "Posttraumatic stress among children in automobile accidents." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02052007-072442/.

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Sacks, Matthew B. Lowman Joseph. "Self-mutilative behaviors in male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,605.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.

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Jelinek, Lena. "Memory fragmentation in posttraumatic stress disorder content specific or generalised." Berlin wvb, Wiss. Verl, 2006. http://www.wvberlin.de/data/inhalt/jelinek.html.

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Hart, Kathryn. "Posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in a women's prison /." Adelaide, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR.PS/09ar.psh325.pdf.

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Pfeilschiefter, Paul Kenneth. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Seeking Natural Kinds in a Controversial Diagnosis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/66.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that results from the experience of a traumatic event. Natural kinds are mind-independent entities found in nature and are the objects of scientific inquiry. It is common to deny that PTSD is a natural kind, but extant denials assume a thesis of natural kinds that can be called “essentialism”. According to essentialism, many entities are not natural kinds that one would expect should be natural kinds. The homeostatic cluster view of natural kinds offers an alternative that accommodates these cases, including, superficially, the claim that PTSD is a natural kind. I introduce two novel objections to this claim and recommend a distinction aimed to resolve the newly introduced problems.

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Lee, Victoria. "Evaluation and knowledge of the self in posttraumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505818.

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Clifton, Erin G. "Anger and Guilt in Treatment for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1347196179.

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Roy, Samit Sunny. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Heart Failure in U.S. Veterans." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373654215.

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Clifton, Erin G. "Optimizing Emotional Engagement in Imaginal Exposure for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1462547657.

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Mendelsohn, Michaela. "Social Attitudes toward Men and Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3227/.

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Although men are more likely to experience traumatic events, the risk of developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is at least twice as high in women than in men after exposure to comparable traumas. These findings are more consistent in response to some types of trauma (e.g., assaultive violence) than others (e.g., natural disaster). There has been very little systematic study of the sources of these gender differences. This study began to explore the contribution of gender-related beliefs about appropriate responses to trauma by investigating the impact of victim sex and trauma type as well as participant sex, sex-role orientation, and personal trauma history on attitudes towards victims. Ninety-three male and 179 female students were administered the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Trauma History Questionnaire, and a vignette measure of attitudes towards victims. Participants evaluated male victims significantly less favorably than female victims, and females had more positive attitudes towards victims than males. Feminine sex-typed and androgynous women rated victims more favorably than masculine sex-typed men and women. The interaction between sex of victim and trauma type was not significant. A positive relation was observed between personal trauma exposure and attitudes towards male victims among male participants only. These findings contribute towards a theoretical understanding of gender and PTSD, and also have important clinical applications.

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Jelinek, Lena. "Memory fragmentation in posttraumatic stress disorder : content specific or generalised /." Berlin : Wvb, Wiss. Verl, 2007. http://www.wvberlin.de/data/inhalt/jelinek.html.

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43

Guthrie, Robert K. "The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among federal prison inmates." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=370.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1998.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 130 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-121).

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Gola, Hannah [Verfasser]. "Immunological and Endocrine Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder / Hannah Gola." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017933820/34.

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45

Gracie, A. "Relational and cognitive factors in psychosis-related posttraumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1417571/.

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Research suggests that the experience of acute psychosis (symptoms and treatment) may be traumatic and precipitate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and that outcomes may be worse for people affected. The first part of this thesis reviewed studies of psychosis-related PTSD (PR-PTSD), with a particular focus on evaluating the methodologies of research, given the complexities of assessment. Three assessment factors were identified as critical to the reliability of prevalence rates (the timepoint of assessment; the assessment method; and the definition of the traumatic stressor). Sample selection biases were also identified as key to the validity of findings. Additional indicators of quality were judged to be the assessment and control of current symptoms of psychosis; measurement of the subjective meaning of trauma; and the control of co-existing variables such as distress in relation to prior trauma, and current symptoms of psychosis. The second part is an empirical paper which derived hypotheses from a cognitive interpersonal model of psychosis to test the relationship between psychosis-related PTSD and a number of relational and cognitive variables. Thirty participants with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia completed measures of childhood trauma and related PTSD, negative emotional memories, adult attachment, PTSD symptoms in relation to psychosis, fear of recurrence and depression. In addition, current symptoms of psychosis were assessed and Care Coordinators completed a measure of service engagement. Some support was found for the cognitive interpersonal model, particularly with respect to anxious attachment. Anxious attachment and fear of recurrence of psychosis were the strongest predictors of psychosis-related PTSD symptoms, after controlling for the role of current symptomatology. Childhood trauma-related PTSD was associated with PR-PTSD. There was less support for other relational variables and no relationship was found between service engagement, avoidant attachment and PR-PTSD. Part three is a critical appraisal. It assesses the empirical paper in light of the methodological recommendations made in the literature review. It also concerns participant wellbeing, which has been a priority from initial planning of the study and throughout recruitment.

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Fagelson, Marc A. "The Influence of Posttraumatic Stress “Disorder” on Patients with Tinnitus." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1654.

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Toscano, Crystal Lynn, and Kanika Aisha Roberts. "MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR MILITARY VETERANS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/24.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has affected millions of veterans who have served in the United States Military. PTSD causes severe impairments in one's mental health, and is correlated with homelessness, substance abuse, and unemployment. Recently, the United States Department Veterans Affairs has been funded more to improve services of mental health and other health care services. Specifically, this study was interested in exploring the perceptions that veterans have of the quality of services that have been provided for PTSD. Results indicated that the participants who utilized services felt individual and family therapy services were most helpful in reducing PTSD symptoms. Medication was less helpful suggesting further research on what types of medication are helpful. Participants also reported group therapy and service connected disability financial assistance were not helpful even though a majority of participants did not access it. Research indicates that veterans do not perceive services to be helpful; therefore they do not utilize them. Additional research can focus on exploring why veterans have not utilized services. Social workers can intervene by educating veterans about PTSD and the services that are provided in addition to other community agencies. Furthermore, social workers can evaluate returning veterans and their perception of the quality of services they have received to further improve services.

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Smith, Stephanie Lynn. "Clinical Practice Guideline: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screening Tool for Patients." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7750.

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The National Institute of Health has estimated that over 1 million new cancer cases will occur yearly. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is commonly associated with near death experiences or traumatic events, such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. There is a lack of knowledge and awareness by healthcare professionals in identifying PTSD in cancer patients. In this population, PTSD symptoms often contribute to anxiety, and there is no standardized protocol being used to screen these individuals for the trauma they are facing or have faced. The purpose of this project was to develop a clinical practice guideline for screening cancer patients for PTSD in a clinic population serving cancer patients. The stress theory developed by Lazarus and Folkman guided this project. The project questions were to identify the most appropriate screening tool for PTSD in cancer patients and recommend a clinical practice guideline to the clinic healthcare providers. Five widely used PTSD screening tools were reviewed. Based on the project question the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale was identified as the most appropriate for this clinic setting and patient population. An expert panel consisting of 3 experienced psychiatric nurse practitioners reviewed the proposed guideline using the AGREE II tool. Using a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree), the team members agreed with a score of 5 or higher in each domain with the proposed guideline. Utilization of this guideline will promote a positive social change towards mental health awareness and improve the quality of life for these patients and their families.

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Yoder, Roger. "Evidence-Based Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Quantitative Electroencephalography." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7779.

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Diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is challenging and is currently, diagnosis through self-administered checklists. Because a diagnosis of PTSD can open up significant benefits to compensation, education, and medical care, people can tailor their responses to the checklist to help ensure a diagnosis of PTSD. The purpose of the study was to examine the utility of the quantitative electroencephalograph for diagnosing PTSD. Frequency and presence of biomarkers and alpha brain wave symmetry in the frontal and parietal lobes were examined. Research questions involved examining the presence of alpha wave imbalance across the frontal lobe and between the right and left parietal lobes. A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from 108 subjects; these data included records from those with and without a PTSD diagnosis. The results of logistic regression showed that 63% of the clients diagnosed with PTSD were correctly identified and between 7% and 8% of the variance in PTSD was accounted for by frontal lobe asymmetry. The parietal lobe imbalance correctly classified PTSD in 59% of the patients and it identified 3.5–4.9% of the variance, suggesting that asymmetry in the frontal and parietal lobes should not be used as the primary method for diagnosing PTSD. Implications for social change include identifying an objective diagnostic tool that can potentially decrease the possibility of inaccurate diagnoses based on self-reported symptoms. This could lead to eliminating some of the shame and embarrassment veterans and first responders feel toward seeking help for PTSD.

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Kalyani, Tania. "Posttraumatic stress disorder and anger in mentally disordered offenders: does alexithymia mediate this relationship?" Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589455.

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Early clinical observations and more recent clinical studies have identified that individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) commonly experience difficulties with anger and anger expression. However, no exploration of this relationship has been undertaken in samples of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs), despite the high levels of PTSD and anger-related difficulties identified within this population. The current study explored the relationship between PTSD and anger in a sample of 44 mentally disordered male and female offenders. Participants completed self-report measures that examined posttraumatic symptomology, trait anger, anger expression and alexithymia. Results indicated that PTSD was prevalent within this sample although no participants had received a formal diagnosis. PTSD was tentatively related to trait anger, although this was no longer the case when the effect of gender was taken into account. PTSD and anger expression were also related, although PTSD did not predict anger expression when trait anger was controlled. Alexithymia was found to be predictive of trait anger. The findings indicate that a diagnosis of PTSD should be considered in samples of MDOs. Furthermore, interventions aimed at addressing anger and anger expression in the context of PTSD might be effective. Treatments for anger might also be effectively supplemented by addressing emotion regulation skills.

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