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Journal articles on the topic 'Postnatal'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Vawter-Lee, Marissa M., Halley Wasserman, Cameron W. Thomas, Beatrice Nichols, Usha D. Nagaraj, Mark Schapiro, and Charu Venkatesan. "Outcome of Isolated Absent Septum Pellucidum Diagnosed by Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan." Journal of Child Neurology 33, no. 11 (June 26, 2018): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073818783460.

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Improved fetal imaging has resulted in increased diagnosis of isolated absent septum pellucidum without other intracranial abnormalities. There is little literature regarding outcomes for these fetuses. This study hypothesized the majority of infants diagnosed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with isolated absent septum pellucidum would retain this diagnosis postnatally. Specifically, in the absence of postnatal endocrine or ophthalmologic abnormalities, postnatal imaging would find no additional related findings, and fetuses would be at low risk for developmental delay. Two of 8 subjects met postnatal criteria for septo-optic dysplasia; remaining subjects had normal postnatal endocrine and ophthalmologic evaluations and no significant related findings on postnatal MRI. One subject without septo-optic dysplasia had delays on developmental screening; all others had normal screening (range of follow-up 8-72 months). Our study questions the necessity of postnatal imaging for prenatally diagnosed isolated absent septum pellucidum. Majority of fetuses with isolated absent septum pellucidum retained this diagnosis postnatally.

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2

Maggiotto, Liesbeth V., Shubhamoy Ghosh, Bo-Chul Shin, Amit Ganguly, Venu Lagishetty, Jonathan P. Jacobs, and Sherin U. Devaskar. "Variation in the Early Life and Adult Intestinal Microbiome of Intra-Uterine Growth Restricted Rat Offspring Exposed to a High Fat and Fructose Diet." Nutrients 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15010217.

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Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a risk factor for many adult-onset chronic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. These diseases are associated with intestinal microbiome perturbations (dysbiosis). The establishment of an intestinal microbiome begins in utero and continues postnatally (PN). Hypercaloric diet-induced dysbiosis is a major driver of childhood obesity. We hypothesized that different postnatal diets superimposed on IUGR will alter the postnatal intestinal microbiome. We compared four experimental rat groups: (1) Ad lib fed regular chow diet pre- and postnatally (CON), (2–3) IUGR induced by maternal caloric restriction prenatally followed postnatally (PN) by either (2) the control diet (IUGR-RC) or (3) High-Fat-high-fructose (IUGR-HFhf) diet, and lastly (4) HFhf ad lib pre- and postnatally (HFhf). Fecal samples were collected from dams and male and female rat offspring at postnatal day 2, 21, and adult day 180 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maternal diet induced IUGR led to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome at PN21. Postnatal HFhf diet significantly reduced microbial diversity and worsened dysbiosis reflected by an increased Gammaproteobacteria/Clostridia ratio. Dysbiosis arising from a mismatch between IUGR and a postnatal HFhf diet may contribute to increased risk of the IUGR offspring for subsequent detrimental health problems.

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3

Akın, Leyla. "Screening postnatal growth." Turkiye Aile Hekimligi Dergisi 15, no. 3 (2011): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/tahd.11.109.

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4

Kurstjens, Sophie, and Dieter Wolke. "Postnatale und später auftretende Depressionen bei Müttern: Prävalenz und Zusammenhänge mit obstetrischen, soziodemographischen sowie psychosozialen Faktoren." Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 30, no. 1 (January 2001): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0084-5345.30.1.33.

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Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Es ist umstritten ob sich postnatale gegenüber zu anderen Zeiten auftretenden Depressionen bei Frauen hinsichtlich der Prävalenz und Bedingungsfaktoren unterscheiden. Fragestellung: Unterscheiden sich postnatale von später auftretenden Depressionen hinsichtlich Praevalenz und bedingenden Faktoren? Methode: Prospektive Langzeitstudie von 1329 Müttern und ihren Kindern von der Geburt bis zum 7. Lebensjahr. Ergebnisse: Nach DSM-IV-Kriterien entwickelten 3.3% der Mütter eine postnatale Depression und weitere 3.6% eine Depression zwischen dem 2. und 7. Lebensjahr des Kindes. Obstetrische Belastungen zeigten nur dann Zusammenhänge mit postnataler Depression wenn Frauen eine psychiatrische Vorgeschichte hatten und das Neugeborene neonataler Intensivversorgung bedurfte. Psychosoziale und familiäre Belastungen zeigten deutliche Zusammenhänge mit dem Auftreten von Depression. Postnatal und später auftretende Depression wurden am besten durch eine Vorgeschichte depressiver Erkrankung erklärt. Schlußfolgerungen: Postnatale und später auftretende Depression unterscheiden sich kaum hinsichtlich der Schwere oder der psychosozialen Bedingungsfaktoren.

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5

Pritchett, Ruth, Kate Jolly, Amanda J. Daley, Katrina Turner, and Caroline Bradbury-Jones. "Women’s experiences of exercise as a treatment for their postnatal depression: A nested qualitative study." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 5 (September 7, 2017): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726590.

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Women with postnatal depression are often reluctant to take medication postnatally and access to psychological therapies is limited. Exercise offers a freely available treatment option but depressed mothers’ experience of exercise has not been investigated. We conducted a qualitative study nested within a randomised trial of an exercise intervention for women with postnatal depression. Women described deterioration in their sense of identity postnatally and through experiencing depression and described the positive impact exercise had on their sense of self. Views of exercise as treatment for postnatal depression ranged from doubts about its practicality to positive comparisons with other traditional treatments and to improved recovery.

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6

Hartman, Sarah, and Jay Belsky. "Prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity revisited—And extended." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 3 (August 2018): 825–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000548.

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AbstractTwo sets of evidence reviewed herein, one indicating that prenatal stress is associated with elevated behavioral and physiological dysregulation and the other that such phenotypic functioning is itself associated with heightened susceptibility to positive and negative environmental influences postnatally, raises the intriguing hypothesis first advanced by Pluess and Belsky (2011) that prenatal stress fosters, promotes, or “programs” postnatal developmental plasticity. Here we review further evidence consistent with this proposition, including new experimental research systematically manipulating both prenatal stress and postnatal rearing. Collectively this work would seem to explain why prenatal stress has so consistently been linked to problematic development: stresses encountered prenatally are likely to continue postnatally, thereby adversely affecting the development of children programmed (by prenatal stress) to be especially susceptible to environmental effects. Less investigated are the potential benefits prenatal stress may promote, due to increased plasticity, when the postnatal environment proves to be favorable. Future directions of research pertaining to potential mechanisms instantiating postnatal plasticity and moderators of such prenatal-programming effects are outlined.

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7

Chen, Hui, David Simar, Karen Lambert, Jacques Mercier, and Margaret J. Morris. "Maternal and Postnatal Overnutrition Differentially Impact Appetite Regulators and Fuel Metabolism." Endocrinology 149, no. 11 (July 17, 2008): 5348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0582.

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Maternal obesity is increasing, and it is known that the intrauterine experience programs fetal and newborn metabolism. However, the relative contributions of pre- or postnatal factors are unknown. We hypothesized that maternal overnutrition caused by long-term maternal obesity would exert a stronger detrimental impact than postnatal overnutrition on offspring metabolic homeostasis, with additional postnatal overnutrition exaggerating these alterations. Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to chow or high-fat cafeteria diet for 5 wk before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. On postnatal d 1, litters were adjusted to three per litter to induce postnatal overnutrition (vs. 12 in control). Hypothalamic appetite regulators neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin, glucose transporter 4, and lipid metabolic markers were measured. At postnatal d 20, male pups born of obese dams, or those overnourished postnatally, were 42% heavier than controls; combining both interventions led to 80% greater body weight. Maternal obesity increased pup adiposity and led to glucose intolerance in offspring; these were exaggerated by additional postnatal overnutrition during lactation. Maternal obesity was also linked to hyperlipidemia in offspring and reduced hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and increased proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression. Postnatal overnutrition of offspring from obese dams amplified these hypothalamic changes. Both maternal and postnatal overnutrition reduced muscle glucose transporter 4. Adipose carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1 and adipose triglyceride lipase mRNA was up-regulated only by postnatal overnutrition. Maternal overnutrition appears to alter central appetite circuits and promotes early-onset obesity; postnatal overnutrition interacted to cause peripheral lipid and glucose metabolic disorders, supporting the critical message to reduce early-life adverse nutritional impact.

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Bratt, Ewa-Lena, Stina Järvholm, Britt-Marie Ekman-Joelsson, Antje Johannsmeyer, Sven-Åke Carlsson, Lars-Åke Mattsson, and Mats Mellander. "Parental reactions, distress, and sense of coherence after prenatal versus postnatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease." Cardiology in the Young 29, no. 11 (September 16, 2019): 1328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119001781.

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AbstractIntroduction:A diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring triggers psychological distress in parents. Results of previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the psychological impact of a prenatal versus a postnatal diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the time of diagnosis on levels of parental distress.Methods:Pregnant women and their partners with a fetus diagnosed with complex CHD, parents of children with postnatally diagnosed CHD, and pregnant women and their partners with uncomplicated pregnancies were invited to participate. Data were collected during pregnancy and 2–6 months after delivery using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, sense of coherence, life satisfaction, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale.Results:During pregnancy, the prenatal group scored lower sense of coherence compared to controls (p=0.044). Postnatally the prenatal group scored lower on sense of coherence compared to the postnatal group and controls (p=0.001; p=0.001). Postnatally, the prenatal and postnatal groups had higher levels of anxiety compared to controls (p=0.025; p=0.0003). Life satisfaction was lower in the prenatal group compared to that in the postnatal group and in controls (p=0.000; p=0.0004).Conclusion:Parents with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD in offspring report a low sense of coherence already during pregnancy which decreased further at follow-up. The same group reported a lower satisfaction with life compared to parents of a child with postnatal diagnosis of CHD and parents of a healthy child. This motivates further efforts to improve counselling and support during pregnancy and for parents after a prenatal diagnosis.

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9

Gutierrez, Maria J., Gustavo Nino, Xiumei Hong, and Xiaobin Wang. "Epigenetic Dynamics of the Infant Immune System Reveals a Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Signature in Early Human Life." Epigenomes 4, no. 3 (July 4, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4030012.

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DNA methylation (DNAm) is an essential mechanism governing normal development in humans. Although most DNAm patterns in blood cells are established in utero, the genes associated with immune function undergo postnatal DNAm modifications, and the characterization of this subset of genes is incomplete. Accordingly, we used available longitudinal DNAm datasets from a large birth cohort in the U.S. to further identify postnatal DNAm variation in peripheral leukocytes from 105 children (n = 105) between birth and the first two years of life, as determined by postnatal changes in β values (with the percentage of methylation ranging from 0 to 1.0 at individual CpG sites). Our study is an extension of a previous analysis performed by our group and identified that: (1) as previously described, DNAm patterns at most CpG sites were established before birth and only a small group of genes underwent DNAm modifications postnatally, (2) this subset includes multiple immune genes critical for lymphocyte development, and (3) several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and cytokine superfamilies with essential roles in immune cell activation, survival, and lymphoid tissue development were among those with a larger postnatal variation. This study describes the precise epigenetic DNA methylation marks in important immune genes that change postnatally and raises relevant questions about the role of DNAm during postnatal immune development in early childhood.

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10

McLeish, Jenny, Merryl Harvey, Maggie Redshaw, Jane Henderson, Reem Malouf, and Fiona Alderdice. "First-Time Mothers’ Expectations and Experiences of Postnatal Care in England." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 12 (September 17, 2020): 1876–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320944141.

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Postnatal care is the aspect of maternity care with which women in England are least satisfied. Little is known about first-time mothers’ expectations of postnatal care, or how these expectations relate to their experiences and appraisal of care. Thirty-two first-time mothers took part in a longitudinal qualitative descriptive study, based on two semi-structured interviews—the first in pregnancy, and the second 2 to 3 months after birth. Trajectory analysis was used to identify the thematic patterns in the relationships between postnatal care expectations, needs, experiences, and confidence. Five trajectories were identified, showing that mothers’ satisfaction with postnatal care and confidence were primarily influenced not by the extent to which their expectations were met but the varied extent to which their individual postnatal needs were met. Rapid and responsive assessment of needs both antenatally and postnatally, and appropriate adjustment of care, is key in supporting women effectively at this time.

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11

Jackson, Colette M., Barbara T. Alexander, Lauren Roach, Deani Haggerty, David C. Marbury, Zachary M. Hutchens, Elizabeth R. Flynn, and Christine Maric-Bilkan. "Exposure to maternal overnutrition and a high-fat diet during early postnatal development increases susceptibility to renal and metabolic injury later in life." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 302, no. 6 (March 15, 2012): F774—F783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00491.2011.

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Overnutrition during pre- and postnatal development both confer increased susceptibility to renal and metabolic risks later in life; however, whether they have an additive effect on the severity of renal and metabolic injury remains unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that a combination of a pre- and postnatal diet high in fat/fructose would exacerbate renal and metabolic injury in male offspring later in life. Male offspring born to high fat/high-fructose-fed mothers and fed a high-fat/high-fructose diet postnatally (HF-HF) had increased urine albumin excretion (450%), glomerulosclerosis (190%), and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (101%) compared with offspring born to mothers fed a standard diet and fed a standard diet postnatally (NF-NF). No changes in blood pressure or glomerular filtration were observed between any of the treatment groups. The HF-HF offspring weighed ∼23% more than offspring born to mothers fed a high-fat/high-fructose diet and fed a normal diet postnatally (HF-NF), as well as offspring born to mothers fed a standard diet regardless of their postnatal diet. The HF-HF rats also had increased (and more variable) blood glucose levels over 12 wk of being fed a high-fat/high-fructose diet. A combination of exposure to a high-fat/high-fructose diet in utero and postnatally increased plasma insulin levels by 140% compared with NF-NF offspring. Our data suggest that the combined exposure to overnutrition during fetal development and early postnatal development potentiate the susceptibility to renal and metabolic disturbances later in life.

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12

Sinclair, Dana, and Lynne Murray. "Effects of postnatal depression on children's adjustment to school." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 1 (January 1998): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.1.58.

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BackgroundLittle is known of the behavioural adjustment of children of postnatally depressed mothers. Previous studies have relied on maternal reports, and have produced inconsistent findings.MethodIn a prospective, longitudinal study of the five-year-old children of a community sample of postnatally depressed and well women, evidence was collected concerning the children's adjustment in the context of school, teachers being asked to complete questionnaires after the children had finished their first term.ResultsFamily social class and the child's gender had the most pervasive influences on adjustment. However, both postnatal and recent maternal depression were associated with significantly raised levels of child disturbance, particularly among boys and those from lower social class families.ConclusionsThe findings indicate a persistent effect of postnatal depression on child adjustment. They highlight the need for resources devoted to supporting mothers of young children and particularly routine screening and treatment for postnatal mood disorder.

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13

Aderibigbe, Y. A., Oye Gureje, and O. Omigbodun. "Postnatal Emotional Disorders in Nigerian Women." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 5 (November 1993): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.5.645.

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One hundred and sixty-two women were evaluated for psychiatric morbidity in the second trimester of pregnancy and also six to eight weeks postnatally. A sizeable proportion of the women also had a second prenatal assessment in their third trimester and in the lying-in ward shortly after giving birth. Assessments were conducted with the 28-item GHQ. This was initially validated using a subsample of 106 women, taken from the original group, who were interviewed with the PAS. Thirty per cent of the women were ‘cases' at the first prenatal assessment, while only 14% were ‘cases' six to eight weeks postnatally. Thus, even though there was an overlap between prenatal and postnatal morbidity, there was also substantial difference between the groups that were symptomatic at both periods. This observation was reinforced by the low correlation between the mean GHQ scores at both periods. Both prenatal and postnatal morbidities were associated with recent adverse life events, with the latter more likely to be associated with marital and family events. This observation is in support of the view that neurotic problems, prenatally or postnatally, are caused mainly by psychosocial factors.

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Areias, M. E. G., R. Kumar, H. Barros, and E. Figueiredo. "Correlates of Postnatal Depression in Mothers and Fathers." British Journal of Psychiatry 169, no. 1 (July 1996): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.169.1.36.

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BackgroundWe compare and contrast some correlates of paternal and maternal depression after the live birth of a first child, as part of a longitudinal study.MethodFifty-four first-time mothers attending obstetric services in Oporto, Portugal, and 42 of their husbands or partners participated in a longitudinal study of their mental health. All subjects were given a semi-structured clinical interview (SADS) at six months antenatally and at 12 months postnatally and sub-samples were interviewed at three months postnatally. At all these times all the mothers and fathers also completed a translated version of a self-rating scale for depression, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a series of other questionnaires and interviews to measure different psychosocial variables. Profiles of risk factors associated with depression in the first postnatal year were analysed by means of logistic regressions.ResultsIn the mothers, aside from a history of depression, the only other powerful predictor of postnatal depression was the mean objective negative impact score of life events. ‘Postnatal’ depression in fathers was associated with a history of depression in themselves and with the presence of depression in their wives or partners during pregnancy and soon after delivery.ConclusionPrevention and early treatment of depression in fathers may benefit not only themselves but also their spouses and their children.

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15

Hirai, Takao, Andrei S. Chagin, Tatsuya Kobayashi, Susan Mackem, and Henry M. Kronenberg. "Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor signaling is required for maintenance of the growth plate in postnatal life." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 1 (December 20, 2010): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005011108.

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein (PTHrP), regulated by Indian hedgehog and acting through the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR), is crucial for normal cartilage development. These observations suggest a possible role of PPR signaling in the postnatal growth plate; however, the role of PPR signaling in postnatal chondrocytes is unknown. In this study, we have generated tamoxifen-inducible and cartilage-specific PPR KO mice to evaluate the physiological role of PPR signaling in postnatal chondrocytes. We found that inactivation of the PPR in chondrocytes postnatally leads to accelerated differentiation of chondrocytes, followed by disappearance of the growth plate. We also observed an increase of TUNEL-positive cells and activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the growth plate, along with a decrease in phosphorylation of Bad at Ser155 in postnatal PPR KO mice. Administration of a low-phosphate diet, which prevents apoptosis of chondrocytes, prevented the disappearance of the growth plate. Taken together, these observations suggest that the major consequences of PPR activation are similar in both the fetal and postnatal growth plates. Moreover, chondrocyte apoptosis through the activation of a mitochondrial pathway may be involved in the process of premature disappearance of the growth plate by postnatal inactivation of the PPR in chondrocytes.

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Yaglova, N. V., D. A. Tsomartova, and V. V. Yaglov. "Differences in adrenal steroid hormones production in pubertal rats exposed to low doses of endocrine disruptor DDT during prenatal and postnatal development." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 63, no. 4 (2017): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20176304306.

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Production of adrenal steroid hormones in pubertal male Wistar rats exposed to low doses of DDT during both prenatal and postnatal and only postnatal development was evaluated. Altered production of all types of steroid hormones and serum steroid profile with opposite changes in rats exposed prenatally and postnatally, and only postnatally was found. The study showed that daily exposure to low doses of DDT enhanced conversion of progesterone to 17OH-progesterone and did not exert selective antiandrogenic or proestrogenic action unlike effect of toxic and subtoxic doses. Impaired morphogenesis of the adrenal cortex and circulatory disorders in zona glomerulosa contributed to reduced aldosterone and sex steroid hormones production.

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Mayur, Vaidya Shrinath, and Kulkarni Pratibha Vijayakumar. "Postnatal Sacrament (Samskara): A Review." Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga 9, no. 4 (2016): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijamy.0974.6986.9416.4.

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18

Brenchley, Dawn, and Gilly Mancz. "What outcomes should be measured to evaluate the benefits of exercise for maternal mental health?" Journal of Health Visiting 7, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/johv.2019.7.9.442.

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The physical and mental health of women antenatally and postnatally has been described as fundamentally important to the development of children and the family. Exercise was proposed as a strategy to support maternal mental health, such as postnatal depression with an emphasis on structured and supervised activities. However, a recent systematic review by Saligheh et al (2017) revealed inconsistencies in the evidence base and could not confirm that exercise reduced symptoms of postnatal depression. This study aims to analyse the current evidence base to determine what outcomes should be measured to evaluate the benefits of exercise to maternal mental health. The research concludes that using a quantitative methodological approach, predominantly using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score as a primary outcome measure, does not appear to capture the effects of exercise on postnatal depression and anxiety. Further research using a qualitative approach is recommended to identify outcomes that should be measured to demonstrate the benefits of exercise to maternal mental health.

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19

Goldsworthy, Janet. "Postnatal ills." Nursing Standard 12, no. 27 (March 25, 1998): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.12.27.20.s35.

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20

Parmar, Mitesh, Fiona Crosfill, and Faisal MS Basama. "Postnatal 'debriefing'." Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 5, no. 12 (October 1, 2009): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v5i12.492.

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21

Rawstrone, Annette. "Postnatal depression." Early Years Educator 23, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2021.23.2.s16.

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22

Bewley, Chris. "Postnatal depression." Nursing Standard 13, no. 16 (January 6, 1999): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns1999.01.13.16.49.c2580.

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23

Neale, Heidi. "Postnatal depression." Nursing Standard 26, no. 12 (November 23, 2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.11.26.12.59.c8828.

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24

Chatterjee, Devoshree. "Postnatal care." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 6, no. 5 (May 2013): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738013479943.

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The role of GPs in providing maternity care has changed dramatically over the past 30 years, with a trend towards declining involvement; however, recent proposals have suggested greater involvement is required. Nevertheless, the GP remains an important point of contact for postnatal advice, and it is the GP who usually carries out the 6-week postnatal maternal check. This article aims to provide an overview of the common types of problems mothers may encounter in the postnatal period and how they can be appropriately managed. It also provides a guide for the topics to be covered during the 6-week postnatal maternal check.

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25

Oakhill, Ellen. "Postnatal depression." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 9, no. 9 (July 13, 2016): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738016654292.

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26

Boyce, Philip. "Postnatal depression." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 10, no. 11 (1999): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb99067.

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27

Bewley, Chris. "Postnatal depression." Mental Health Practice 3, no. 7 (April 2000): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp2000.04.3.7.30.c1672.

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Moore, Philippa. "Postnatal depression." Mental Health Practice 15, no. 3 (October 26, 2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp2011.11.15.3.11.p6676.

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29

Walton, R. M. "Postnatal Neurogenesis." Veterinary Pathology 49, no. 1 (August 8, 2011): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985811414035.

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Chong, Alexandra, Susanne N. Biehle, Laura Y. Kooiman, and Kristin D. Mickelson. "Postnatal Depression." Psychology of Women Quarterly 40, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 518–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684316658263.

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Although breastfeeding has multiple benefits for baby and mother, including maternal mental well-being, many mothers terminate breastfeeding earlier than they desire. We examined two key factors in breastfeeding duration and maternal mental health––breastfeeding efficacy and family–work conflict. Specifically, we examined the moderating role of family–work conflict in the process of breastfeeding efficacy as a predictor of maternal depression by way of duration. In a sample of 61 first-time mothers, we found that breastfeeding duration mediated the relation between prenatal breastfeeding efficacy and depression at 9 months postpartum for working mothers who experienced low levels of family-to-work conflict. That is, for mothers with low family-to-work conflict, higher expected breastfeeding efficacy during pregnancy predicted a longer duration of breastfeeding, which in turn was associated with lower depression at 9 months postpartum. However, for working mothers with high family-to-work conflict, breastfeeding duration did not emerge as an indirect effect on the relation between efficacy and depression. These findings have important implications for a healthy family–work balance to help new mothers adjust when they return to the workforce and as they transition to parenthood.

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Bird, Nigel. "Postnatal Polydipsia." Psychosomatics 44, no. 1 (January 2003): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.44.1.84.

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32

HUTSON, J. M., A. A. WOODWARD, S. W. BEASLEY, J. H. KELLY, R. FOWLER, and H. L. TAN. "POSTNATAL CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 27, no. 3 (June 1991): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1991.tb00388.x.

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33

Biggerstaff, Deborah. "Postnatal depression." Practice Nursing 10, no. 8 (May 7, 1999): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.1999.10.8.22.

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34

Henshaw, C. A., and John L. Cox. "Postnatal depression." Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology 5, no. 2 (June 1995): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-5847(05)80003-4.

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35

Ribatti, Domenico, Angelo Vacca, Beatrice Nico, Luisa Roncali, and Franco Dammacco. "Postnatal vasculogenesis." Mechanisms of Development 100, no. 2 (February 2001): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00522-0.

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36

Jilbert, Allison R., and Anne E. Sved Williams. "Postnatal psychosis." Australian College of Midwives Incorporated Journal 7, no. 2 (June 1994): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1031-170x(10)80025-x.

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Mauthner, Natasha S. "Postnatal depression." Women's Studies International Forum 18, no. 3 (May 1995): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(95)80075-z.

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Glazener, Cathryn MA, and Christine MacArthur. "Postnatal morbidity." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 3, no. 4 (October 2001): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1576/toag.2001.3.4.179.

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Neale, Heidi. "Postnatal depression." Nursing Standard 26, no. 12 (November 23, 2011): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.26.12.59.s56.

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Hanley, Jane. "Postnatal depression." Nursing Management 4, no. 8 (January 1998): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nm.4.8.12.s11.

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Bullough, C. H. W. "Postnatal Care." Tropical Doctor 18, no. 2 (April 1988): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558801800214.

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Jones, I., and J. Shakespeare. "Postnatal depression." BMJ 349, aug14 2 (August 14, 2014): g4500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4500.

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Richards, J. P., and P. Talbot. "Postnatal depression." BMJ 317, no. 7173 (December 12, 1998): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7173.1658a.

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Ramsay, Rosalind. "Postnatal depression." Lancet 342, no. 8883 (November 1993): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92263-s.

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Henshaw, C., D. Foreman, and J. Cox. "Postnatal blues: A risk factor for postnatal depression." Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 25, no. 3-4 (January 2004): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01674820400024414.

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Curfs, M. H., A. A. Gribnau, and P. J. Dederen. "Postnatal maturation of the dendritic fields of motoneuron pools supplying flexor and extensor muscles of the distal forelimb in the rat." Development 117, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.117.2.535.

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In the rat cervical spinal cord the corticospinal projection on motoneurons either direct or indirect (via interneurons) comes about postnatally making it accessible for experimental research. Therefore, the postnatal developmental changes of motoneurons and in particular their dendritic fields were examined. Motoneurons innervating the two antagonistic muscles in the distal forepaw, the m. flexor digitorum profundus and the m. extensor digitorum communis, were retrogradely labelled by intramuscular injections of cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with horseradish peroxidase in rats of various postnatal ages. Following a 48–72 hour survival period the motoneurons and their dendritic fields were studied in the seventh and eighth cervical spinal cord segments. Both the number and the position of motoneurons were found to remain constant throughout postnatal development. Extensor motoneurons were positioned dorsolaterally in the ventral horn at the border of grey and white matter, flexor motoneurons were in general medial to extensor motoneurons. The results on the dendritic field demonstrate firstly, that during postnatal development the extension of the dendrites of both flexor and extensor motoneurons changes from spreading out in all directions at postnatal day 2 to spreading in only a few, specific directions from postnatal day 21 onwards, with the restriction that both motoneuron pools follow a different time scale to achieve this. Secondly, both pools have a temporal dendritic component extending into the white matter of the lateral funiculus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Donnelly, David F. "Developmental aspects of oxygen sensing by the carotid body." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 2296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2296.

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The carotid body chemoreceptors, the major hypoxia sensory organs for the respiratory system, undergo a significant increase in their hypoxia responsiveness in the postnatal period. This is manifest by a higher level of afferent nerve activity for a given level of arterial oxygen tension. The mechanism for the enhanced sensitivity is unresolved, but most work has focused on the glomus cell, a secretory cell apposed to the afferent nerve ending and believed to be the site of hypoxia transduction. The glomus cell secretory response to hypoxia increases postnatally, and this is correlated with an enhanced calcium rise in response to hypoxia and an increase in oxygen-sensitive potassium currents. These changes are sensitive to the level of hypoxia in the postnatal period, and significant impairment of organ function is observed with postnatal hypoxia as well as postnatal hyperoxia. Although many questions remain, especially with regard to the coupling of glomus cells to nerve endings, the use of cellular and molecular techniques should offer resolution in the near future.

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L. Sutter-Dallay, A., V. Giaconne-Marcesche, E. Glatigny-Dallay, and H. Verdoux. "Las mujeres con trastornos de ansiedad durante el embarazo corren mayor riesgo de síntomas depresivos postnatales intensos: Un estudio prospectivo de la cohorte MATQUID." European psychiatry (Ed. Española) 12, no. 4 (May 2005): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1134066500003489.

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ResumenObjetivo.Los estudios han indicado que las mujeres con ansiedad durante el embarazo pueden correr mayor riesgo de depresión postnatal (DPN). Sin embargo, debido a la elevada comorbilidad entre los trastornos de ansiedad y los depresivos, la asociación entre depresión prenatal y depresión postnatal puede confundir este hallazgo. El propósito del presente estudio prospectivo era evaluar si el trastorno de ansiedad (TA) durante el embarazo es un predictor independiente de la intensidad de los síntomas depresivos postnatales.Método.El estudio de la cohorte MATQUID se realizó en mujeres embarazadas (n = 497) que acudían a una maternidad estatal. Se evaluó el estado psiquiátrico durante el embarazo durante el tercer trimestre utilizando una entrevista diagnóstica estructurada. Se definió los síntomas depresivos postnatales intensos a las 6 semanas postparto por una puntuación > 12 en la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo (EPDS).Resultados.Casi una de cada cuatro mujeres (el 24,1%) presentaba al menos un TA durante el embarazo, y 29 (el 5,8%) tuvieron una puntuación > 12 en la EPDS. Después del ajuste para la presencia de depresión mayor durante el embarazo y otros factores de confusión, las mujeres con TA durante el embarazo tenían casi tres veces más posibilidades de presentar síntomas depresivos postnatales intensos (RV = 2,7; IC del 95% = 1,1-6,3; P = 0,03).Conclusión.Promover el reconocimiento y el tratamiento de los TA en las mujeres embarazadas puede ser interesante para la prevención de la depresión postnatal.

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Leavy, Aisling, Gary P. Brennan, and Eva M. Jimenez-Mateos. "MicroRNA Profiling Shows a Time-Dependent Regulation within the First 2 Months Post-Birth and after Mild Neonatal Hypoxia in the Hippocampus from Mice." Biomedicines 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112740.

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Brain development occurs until adulthood, with time-sensitive processes happening during embryo development, childhood, and puberty. During early life and childhood, dynamic changes in the brain are critical for physiological brain maturation, and these changes are tightly regulated by the expression of specific regulatory genetic elements. Early life insults, such as hypoxia, can alter the course of brain maturation, resulting in lifelong neurodevelopmental conditions. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate and coordinate gene expression. It is estimated that one single microRNA can regulate the expression of hundreds of protein-coding genes.. Uncovering the miRNome and microRNA-regulated transcriptomes may help to understand the patterns of genes regulating brain maturation, and their contribution to neurodevelopmental pathologies following hypoxia at Postnatal day 7. Here, using a PCR-based platform, we analyzed the microRNA profile postnatally in the hippocampus of control mice at postnatal day 8, 14, and 42 and after hypoxia at postnatal day 7, to elucidate the set of microRNAs which may be key for postnatal hippocampus maturation. We observed that microRNAs can be divided in four groups based on their temporal expression. Further after an early life insult, hypoxia at P7, 15 microRNAs showed a misregulation over time, including Let7a. We speculated that the transcriptional regulator c-myc is a contributor to this process. In conclusion, here, we observed that microRNAs are regulated postnatally in the hippocampus and alteration of their expression after hypoxia at birth may be regulated by the transcriptional regulator c-myc.

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Thwaites, Annette, Louise Logan, Anthony Nardone, and Sue Mann. "Immediate postnatal contraception: what women know and think." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200078.

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IntroductionPostpartum women are at risk of rapid repeat, unplanned pregnancy with associated adverse outcomes for mother and child. We aimed to better understand their contraceptive needs to improve delivery of services and prevent unplanned pregnancies.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of women on the postnatal ward of an inner-city hospital was administered over a 6-week period in June and July 2017 to determine their level of knowledge, intentions and preferences regarding postnatal contraception.Results272 women were surveyed: 86% of all women on the postnatal ward during the study period. 10% (26/272) had never used any method of contraception previously and 22% (59/272) had ever used a long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) method. 18% (48/272) recalled a health professional speaking to them about contraception at any point during their pregnancy and 32% (87/272) said they needed more information to decide on their postnatal contraceptive method. 54% (147/272) of women did not think any LARC methods were safe immediately postnatally, rising to 71% (194/272) if breastfeeding. However, 47% (129/272) of women said that they would prefer to get their contraception from the ward before discharge and 46% (126/272) were likely to accept LARC, if safe, in this setting.ConclusionsAlmost half the women in our survey would welcome provision of postnatal contraception, including LARC, on the postnatal ward but the women surveyed currently lack the knowledge to make informed choices in this setting. There is therefore a need for effective, tailored contraceptive choices discussions with every woman during pregnancy, as well as integrated planning for postnatal provision of the woman’s chosen method.

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