Relevant bibliographies by topics / Postnatal

Academic literature on the topic 'Postnatal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Postnatal"

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Vawter-Lee, Marissa M., Halley Wasserman, Cameron W. Thomas, Beatrice Nichols, Usha D. Nagaraj, Mark Schapiro, and Charu Venkatesan. "Outcome of Isolated Absent Septum Pellucidum Diagnosed by Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan." Journal of Child Neurology 33, no. 11 (June 26, 2018): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073818783460.

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Improved fetal imaging has resulted in increased diagnosis of isolated absent septum pellucidum without other intracranial abnormalities. There is little literature regarding outcomes for these fetuses. This study hypothesized the majority of infants diagnosed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with isolated absent septum pellucidum would retain this diagnosis postnatally. Specifically, in the absence of postnatal endocrine or ophthalmologic abnormalities, postnatal imaging would find no additional related findings, and fetuses would be at low risk for developmental delay. Two of 8 subjects met postnatal criteria for septo-optic dysplasia; remaining subjects had normal postnatal endocrine and ophthalmologic evaluations and no significant related findings on postnatal MRI. One subject without septo-optic dysplasia had delays on developmental screening; all others had normal screening (range of follow-up 8-72 months). Our study questions the necessity of postnatal imaging for prenatally diagnosed isolated absent septum pellucidum. Majority of fetuses with isolated absent septum pellucidum retained this diagnosis postnatally.
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Maggiotto, Liesbeth V., Shubhamoy Ghosh, Bo-Chul Shin, Amit Ganguly, Venu Lagishetty, Jonathan P. Jacobs, and Sherin U. Devaskar. "Variation in the Early Life and Adult Intestinal Microbiome of Intra-Uterine Growth Restricted Rat Offspring Exposed to a High Fat and Fructose Diet." Nutrients 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15010217.

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Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a risk factor for many adult-onset chronic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. These diseases are associated with intestinal microbiome perturbations (dysbiosis). The establishment of an intestinal microbiome begins in utero and continues postnatally (PN). Hypercaloric diet-induced dysbiosis is a major driver of childhood obesity. We hypothesized that different postnatal diets superimposed on IUGR will alter the postnatal intestinal microbiome. We compared four experimental rat groups: (1) Ad lib fed regular chow diet pre- and postnatally (CON), (2–3) IUGR induced by maternal caloric restriction prenatally followed postnatally (PN) by either (2) the control diet (IUGR-RC) or (3) High-Fat-high-fructose (IUGR-HFhf) diet, and lastly (4) HFhf ad lib pre- and postnatally (HFhf). Fecal samples were collected from dams and male and female rat offspring at postnatal day 2, 21, and adult day 180 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maternal diet induced IUGR led to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome at PN21. Postnatal HFhf diet significantly reduced microbial diversity and worsened dysbiosis reflected by an increased Gammaproteobacteria/Clostridia ratio. Dysbiosis arising from a mismatch between IUGR and a postnatal HFhf diet may contribute to increased risk of the IUGR offspring for subsequent detrimental health problems.
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Akın, Leyla. "Screening postnatal growth." Turkiye Aile Hekimligi Dergisi 15, no. 3 (2011): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/tahd.11.109.

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Kurstjens, Sophie, and Dieter Wolke. "Postnatale und später auftretende Depressionen bei Müttern: Prävalenz und Zusammenhänge mit obstetrischen, soziodemographischen sowie psychosozialen Faktoren." Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 30, no. 1 (January 2001): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0084-5345.30.1.33.

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Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Es ist umstritten ob sich postnatale gegenüber zu anderen Zeiten auftretenden Depressionen bei Frauen hinsichtlich der Prävalenz und Bedingungsfaktoren unterscheiden. Fragestellung: Unterscheiden sich postnatale von später auftretenden Depressionen hinsichtlich Praevalenz und bedingenden Faktoren? Methode: Prospektive Langzeitstudie von 1329 Müttern und ihren Kindern von der Geburt bis zum 7. Lebensjahr. Ergebnisse: Nach DSM-IV-Kriterien entwickelten 3.3% der Mütter eine postnatale Depression und weitere 3.6% eine Depression zwischen dem 2. und 7. Lebensjahr des Kindes. Obstetrische Belastungen zeigten nur dann Zusammenhänge mit postnataler Depression wenn Frauen eine psychiatrische Vorgeschichte hatten und das Neugeborene neonataler Intensivversorgung bedurfte. Psychosoziale und familiäre Belastungen zeigten deutliche Zusammenhänge mit dem Auftreten von Depression. Postnatal und später auftretende Depression wurden am besten durch eine Vorgeschichte depressiver Erkrankung erklärt. Schlußfolgerungen: Postnatale und später auftretende Depression unterscheiden sich kaum hinsichtlich der Schwere oder der psychosozialen Bedingungsfaktoren.
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Pritchett, Ruth, Kate Jolly, Amanda J. Daley, Katrina Turner, and Caroline Bradbury-Jones. "Women’s experiences of exercise as a treatment for their postnatal depression: A nested qualitative study." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 5 (September 7, 2017): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726590.

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Women with postnatal depression are often reluctant to take medication postnatally and access to psychological therapies is limited. Exercise offers a freely available treatment option but depressed mothers’ experience of exercise has not been investigated. We conducted a qualitative study nested within a randomised trial of an exercise intervention for women with postnatal depression. Women described deterioration in their sense of identity postnatally and through experiencing depression and described the positive impact exercise had on their sense of self. Views of exercise as treatment for postnatal depression ranged from doubts about its practicality to positive comparisons with other traditional treatments and to improved recovery.
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Hartman, Sarah, and Jay Belsky. "Prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity revisited—And extended." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 3 (August 2018): 825–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000548.

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AbstractTwo sets of evidence reviewed herein, one indicating that prenatal stress is associated with elevated behavioral and physiological dysregulation and the other that such phenotypic functioning is itself associated with heightened susceptibility to positive and negative environmental influences postnatally, raises the intriguing hypothesis first advanced by Pluess and Belsky (2011) that prenatal stress fosters, promotes, or “programs” postnatal developmental plasticity. Here we review further evidence consistent with this proposition, including new experimental research systematically manipulating both prenatal stress and postnatal rearing. Collectively this work would seem to explain why prenatal stress has so consistently been linked to problematic development: stresses encountered prenatally are likely to continue postnatally, thereby adversely affecting the development of children programmed (by prenatal stress) to be especially susceptible to environmental effects. Less investigated are the potential benefits prenatal stress may promote, due to increased plasticity, when the postnatal environment proves to be favorable. Future directions of research pertaining to potential mechanisms instantiating postnatal plasticity and moderators of such prenatal-programming effects are outlined.
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Chen, Hui, David Simar, Karen Lambert, Jacques Mercier, and Margaret J. Morris. "Maternal and Postnatal Overnutrition Differentially Impact Appetite Regulators and Fuel Metabolism." Endocrinology 149, no. 11 (July 17, 2008): 5348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0582.

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Maternal obesity is increasing, and it is known that the intrauterine experience programs fetal and newborn metabolism. However, the relative contributions of pre- or postnatal factors are unknown. We hypothesized that maternal overnutrition caused by long-term maternal obesity would exert a stronger detrimental impact than postnatal overnutrition on offspring metabolic homeostasis, with additional postnatal overnutrition exaggerating these alterations. Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to chow or high-fat cafeteria diet for 5 wk before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. On postnatal d 1, litters were adjusted to three per litter to induce postnatal overnutrition (vs. 12 in control). Hypothalamic appetite regulators neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin, glucose transporter 4, and lipid metabolic markers were measured. At postnatal d 20, male pups born of obese dams, or those overnourished postnatally, were 42% heavier than controls; combining both interventions led to 80% greater body weight. Maternal obesity increased pup adiposity and led to glucose intolerance in offspring; these were exaggerated by additional postnatal overnutrition during lactation. Maternal obesity was also linked to hyperlipidemia in offspring and reduced hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and increased proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression. Postnatal overnutrition of offspring from obese dams amplified these hypothalamic changes. Both maternal and postnatal overnutrition reduced muscle glucose transporter 4. Adipose carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1 and adipose triglyceride lipase mRNA was up-regulated only by postnatal overnutrition. Maternal overnutrition appears to alter central appetite circuits and promotes early-onset obesity; postnatal overnutrition interacted to cause peripheral lipid and glucose metabolic disorders, supporting the critical message to reduce early-life adverse nutritional impact.
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Bratt, Ewa-Lena, Stina Järvholm, Britt-Marie Ekman-Joelsson, Antje Johannsmeyer, Sven-Åke Carlsson, Lars-Åke Mattsson, and Mats Mellander. "Parental reactions, distress, and sense of coherence after prenatal versus postnatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease." Cardiology in the Young 29, no. 11 (September 16, 2019): 1328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119001781.

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AbstractIntroduction:A diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring triggers psychological distress in parents. Results of previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the psychological impact of a prenatal versus a postnatal diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the time of diagnosis on levels of parental distress.Methods:Pregnant women and their partners with a fetus diagnosed with complex CHD, parents of children with postnatally diagnosed CHD, and pregnant women and their partners with uncomplicated pregnancies were invited to participate. Data were collected during pregnancy and 2–6 months after delivery using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, sense of coherence, life satisfaction, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale.Results:During pregnancy, the prenatal group scored lower sense of coherence compared to controls (p=0.044). Postnatally the prenatal group scored lower on sense of coherence compared to the postnatal group and controls (p=0.001; p=0.001). Postnatally, the prenatal and postnatal groups had higher levels of anxiety compared to controls (p=0.025; p=0.0003). Life satisfaction was lower in the prenatal group compared to that in the postnatal group and in controls (p=0.000; p=0.0004).Conclusion:Parents with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD in offspring report a low sense of coherence already during pregnancy which decreased further at follow-up. The same group reported a lower satisfaction with life compared to parents of a child with postnatal diagnosis of CHD and parents of a healthy child. This motivates further efforts to improve counselling and support during pregnancy and for parents after a prenatal diagnosis.
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Gutierrez, Maria J., Gustavo Nino, Xiumei Hong, and Xiaobin Wang. "Epigenetic Dynamics of the Infant Immune System Reveals a Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Signature in Early Human Life." Epigenomes 4, no. 3 (July 4, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4030012.

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DNA methylation (DNAm) is an essential mechanism governing normal development in humans. Although most DNAm patterns in blood cells are established in utero, the genes associated with immune function undergo postnatal DNAm modifications, and the characterization of this subset of genes is incomplete. Accordingly, we used available longitudinal DNAm datasets from a large birth cohort in the U.S. to further identify postnatal DNAm variation in peripheral leukocytes from 105 children (n = 105) between birth and the first two years of life, as determined by postnatal changes in β values (with the percentage of methylation ranging from 0 to 1.0 at individual CpG sites). Our study is an extension of a previous analysis performed by our group and identified that: (1) as previously described, DNAm patterns at most CpG sites were established before birth and only a small group of genes underwent DNAm modifications postnatally, (2) this subset includes multiple immune genes critical for lymphocyte development, and (3) several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and cytokine superfamilies with essential roles in immune cell activation, survival, and lymphoid tissue development were among those with a larger postnatal variation. This study describes the precise epigenetic DNA methylation marks in important immune genes that change postnatally and raises relevant questions about the role of DNAm during postnatal immune development in early childhood.
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McLeish, Jenny, Merryl Harvey, Maggie Redshaw, Jane Henderson, Reem Malouf, and Fiona Alderdice. "First-Time Mothers’ Expectations and Experiences of Postnatal Care in England." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 12 (September 17, 2020): 1876–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320944141.

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Postnatal care is the aspect of maternity care with which women in England are least satisfied. Little is known about first-time mothers’ expectations of postnatal care, or how these expectations relate to their experiences and appraisal of care. Thirty-two first-time mothers took part in a longitudinal qualitative descriptive study, based on two semi-structured interviews—the first in pregnancy, and the second 2 to 3 months after birth. Trajectory analysis was used to identify the thematic patterns in the relationships between postnatal care expectations, needs, experiences, and confidence. Five trajectories were identified, showing that mothers’ satisfaction with postnatal care and confidence were primarily influenced not by the extent to which their expectations were met but the varied extent to which their individual postnatal needs were met. Rapid and responsive assessment of needs both antenatally and postnatally, and appropriate adjustment of care, is key in supporting women effectively at this time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Postnatal"

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Healy, Maria Isobel. "Rethinking postnatal care : a Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological study of postnatal care in Ireland." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2012. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/6654/.

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The postnatal period is an important and extremely vulnerable time for new mothers and their infants. Research has outlined the considerable extent of maternal physiological and psychological morbidity following childbirth. The underreporting and undiagnosed aspect of this morbidity has also been highlighted. Newborn infants are totally dependent on their needs being met and are also at risk of newborn conditions particularly if they are undiagnosed, for example neonatal jaundice. There is however, mounting evidence regarding the lack of postnatal support from health professionals, with women continuing to report their dissatisfaction with postnatal care. Research into postnatal care is pre-dominantly quantitative and clinically focused. Few empirical studies have examined the meaning women give to their postnatal care experiences. This research aims to generate a deeper understanding of the meanings, and lived experiences of postnatal care. In addition, it aims to reveal future possibilities to enhance women’s postnatal care experiences. Initially, an in-depth examination of relevant literature is undertaken followed by a presentation of the process and findings from a qualitative meta-synthesis. An in-depth exploration of Martin Heidegger’s biography and explication of his philosophy is then outlined. This research is a Heideggerian hermeneutical phenomenological study of Irish women’s aspirations for, and experiences of, postnatal care. Purposive sampling is utilised in this research, which was undertaken in two phases. Phase one involved group interviews over three different time periods (between 28-38 weeks gestation, 2-8 weeks and 3-4 months postnatally), with a cohort of primigravid women and a cohort of multigravid women. The second phase involved recruiting two further cohorts of primigravid and multigravid women who participated in individual in-depth interviews over the same longitudinal period. In total nineteen women completed the study. Thirty-three interviews were held in total. The data analysis is guided by Crist and Tanner’s (2003) interpretative hermeneutic framework. The women’s aspirations/expectations for their postnatal care are represented through three interpretive themes: ‘Presencing’, ‘Breastfeeding help and support’ and ‘Dispirited perception of postnatal care’. In addition, five main themes emerged from the data and capture the meanings the women gave to their lived experiences of postnatal care: ‘Becoming Family’, ‘Seen or not seen’, ‘Saying what matters’, ‘Checked in but not always checked out’ and ‘The struggle of postnatal fatigue’. The original insights from this research clearly illuminate the vulnerability women face in the days following birth. A further in-depth interpretation and synthesis of the findings was undertaken. This philosophical-based discussion drew from the work of Heidegger (1962) and Arendt (1998). Engaging with these theoretical perspectives contributed to a new understanding about why some women within a similar context, have positive experiences of postnatal care while others do not. As such, the very nature that midwives and other postnatal carers are human beings has an influence on a woman’s experience of her care. These carers, in their exposition of ‘being’ have the ability to demonstrate ‘inauthentic’ or ‘authentic’ caring practices. It is those who choose to be ‘the sparkling gems’ that are the postnatal carers who make a difference and stand out from the others. For the women in this study, their postnatal care experiences mattered. While some new mothers reported positive and meaningful experiences others revealed experiences which impacted unnecessarily. The relevance of these findings, recommendations and suggestions for future research are offered.
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Ghosh, Manonita. "Postnatal depression vs. suffering : an anthropological approach to South Asian migrant women's postnatal feelings." University of Western Australia, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0130.

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This thesis is an ethnography of the postnatal experiences of South Asian migrant women in Perth, Western Australia. I examine cultural differences relating to mothering and argue that the South Asian culture in which these migrant women were socialized can impact greatly on how they experience the feelings of what is called “postnatal depression” in the Western medical arena. I carried out ethnographic research among the members of the Bangladeshi and Indian communities in Perth. The main focus group of this study is first time mothers who gave birth in Australia, but I also worked with other women who had grown up children. Due to migration the South Asian women and their families experienced social isolation, cultural differences, language difficulties, economic hardship and low job satisfaction. Moreover, when these women gave birth in Perth they were faced with a lack of physical and emotional support, and also distress at not being able to perform their traditional birth rituals. Their difficult situations led the women to cry, feel despondent, to suffer and to experience a sense of hopelessness. Their painful postnatal feelings can be defined as an illness - depression - by the Western medicine. However, I found these women did not perceive their negative postnatal feelings as an illness, but accepted them as a part of life. I analysed these women’s postnatal psychological understandings about “postnatal depression” by examining the South Asian convention of female virtue which is practiced through restrictions on female behaviour. The migrant women in my study, having internalizing the South Asian cultural schema of womanhood, articulate their negative postnatal feelings as a prerequisite of motherhood. In this thesis I argue that feelings are not the totality of experience, rather, experience is also formulated by the particular sociocultural perspective of the individual who is having the experience. The culture a person belongs to, defines how that person will experience his or her feelings. I also suggest that it is possible to modify dysphoric affect by altering the meaning of feelings
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Mauthner, Natasha Susan. "Postnatal depression : a relational perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244882.

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Current research conceptualizes postnatal depression as individual pathology or as a socio-political problem. By adopting a relational perspective, this thesis bridges the theoretical divides between individualistic and social explanatory frameworks, and between psychology and sociology. The self is seen to be essentially relational, and postnatal depression understood in terms of interrelationships between an active self, others and society. In-depth interviews were conducted with 40 mothers of young children living in Britain, recruited through community sources. Mothers defined their own psychological state following childbirth: 17 found motherhood unproblematic; five had difficult experiences which they distinguished from 'postnatal depression'; 18 experienced, what they defined as, 'postnatal depression', after the birth of their first, second or third child. These 18 mothers are the central focus of the study. The data were analysed using Brown and Gilligan's (1992) 'voice-centred relational method'. Key methodological and theoretical concerns include: listening to mothers on their own terms; considering the interpretations and meanings mothers attribute to their experiences; theorizing similarities, and differences, amongst mothers; exploring changes within individual mothers over time. Postnatal depression was characterized by, and resulted from, a psychological process of relational disconnection, in which mothers felt alienated from themselves and others. During the depressipn, they believed their moral worth and social acceptability depended on complying with cultural expectations of motherhood. The 12 first-time mothers felt under pressure to conform to normative definitions of the 'good', selfless mother. All 18 mothers felt under pressure to conform to a cultural ethic of individuality and self-sufficiency. In order to protect their own integrity, and preserve their relationships, mothers actively withdrew their needs and feelings from relationships with their children, partners, relatives, friends, other mothers with young children, and health professionals. This social withdrawal was distinct to, and occurred irrespective of, physical isolation and unsupportive relationships. Although the mothers conformed, they also questioned cultural norms which construct the needs of self and other as separate, competing forces. During the depression, their resistance was a silent one. The move out of depression was accompanied by shifts in the mothers' moral beliefs about themselves, others and society. They felt it morally acceptable to attend to their own needs and those of others. Relationships with other mothers were critical to these moral re-evaluations. They enabled them to openly question normative constructions of motherhood, providing them with the possibility of a voiced resistance. Policy implications of this research are considered in terms of prevention and intervention programmes for depressed mothers.
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Dunford, Emma Louise. "Understanding and treating postnatal depression." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599882.

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Postnatal depression is a major public health problem that affects approximately 10•15% of new mothers and adversely impacts on infant development and the mother-infant relationship. The first paper provides a systematic review of mother-infant interventions for postnatal depression. Overall, mother-infant interventions led to significant improvements in a wide range of mother-infant relationship, maternal and infant outcomes. The format of interventions and outcome measures used within the studies were diverse. The methodological quality of the studies varied. Further studies are needed to replicate the findings and to determine predictors of good treatment outcomes. Research evaluating the longer term benefits of mother-infant interventions tor postnatal depression is necessary. The second paper presents an empirical investigation of maternal shame and guilt and their association with postnatal depressive symptoms and attitudes towards help-seeking. An online series of questionnaires were completed by a community sample of British women who had an infant between four weeks and one year of age. Shame proneness and event-related shame and guilt predicted postnatal depressive symptoms. Furthermore, shame and guilt were found to predict negative attitudes towards help-seeking. These findings highlight the potential negative consequences of feelings of shame and guilt in the context of motherhood. The clinical implications of these finding: are discussed, alongside directions for future research.
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Gardner, Philippa. "Postnatal depression in African mothers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/postnatal-depression-in-african-mothers(65f63ab7-113f-4c77-b1a4-a1e2e8ae629c).html.

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Paper one is a systematic review aimed at improving our understanding of the culturally determined risk factors of postnatal depression (PND) within 'Sub-Saharan Africa', by integrating evidence from quantitative and qualitative studies. A mixed-method systematic review approach was employed, nine quantitative and three qualitative studies were quality assessed, synthesised, and integrated. Stressful life events, adhering to cultural values and traditions, the effects of negative cultural perceptions and difficulties within the African extended family system were found to be risk factors for the development and maintenance of PND in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of paper two was to explore the lived experience of postnatal depression in West African mothers living in the UK. A qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with six West African mothers (Nigeria = 3; Ghana = 3) who were experiencing low mood in the postnatal period was undertaken. Participants were recruited from mother and baby groups within the National Health Service. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore and analyse the data. Five overarching themes emerged: (1) conceptualiszing PND, (2) isolation, (3) loss of identity, (4) issues of trust and (5) relationships as a protective factor. Each theme consisted of a number of subthemes. Women exhibited symptoms of PND but did not regard it as an illness, with the name 'depression'. They viewed their emotional distress as a result of social stress, and described feelings of isolation, loss of identity and relationship difficulties. Women's cultural background influenced their help-seeking behaviour; participants often avoided talking about their feelings and kept their distress to themselves. The findings have clinical implications in how services should be designed to meet the needs of African communities. Paper three reflects on the process of developing culturally competent research through the development of the current thesis. Suggestions for future research and reflections on the strengths and limitations of the research process are embedded throughout. Clinical implications are discussed with reference to a community psychology model.
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Meki, Aula. "Perceived causes of postnatal depression." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2014. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2037/.

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This thesis aims to provide an understanding of the perceived causes of Postnatal Depression (PND). Despite increasing research exploring the aetiology and risk factors for PND, to date, little research has explored how individuals perceive the causes of PND. The first part of this thesis reviews the literature on causal beliefs in adults in clinical, community and general population samples. Thirteen papers were critically appraised to reveal insights into these perceived causes. Beliefs were grouped into four emergent themes: (1) biological; (2) psychological; (3) social; and (4) cultural (including religious). The review identified a need to explore how PND is understood culturally, particularly amongst lay individuals from minority faith and ethnic groups. In accordance with these recommendations, the second part of this thesis is a Q-methodological study of the perceived causes of PND amongst British Muslim women of Arab origin. The sample comprised eleven participants recruited from a community organisation. Participants sorted 50 statements, each detailing a possible cause of PND, according to how much they believed them to be causes of PND. Findings identified two clear and distinct accounts: stress-generation and diathesis-stress, significant in causing PND. Although both accounts were clearly embedded in faith and values, the viewpoints operated with a subtly different interpretation of the role of faith in relation to PND. The third paper provides a reflective commentary on the research process, including a methodological critique of the research project and reflections on the personal impact of the research on the researcher. Contrary to the dominant biomedical model, the thesis highlights the existence of wide-ranging, multi-factorial explanatory models for PND. Eliciting and understanding these causal models can help to engage clients and provide culturally sensitive interventions.
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Patel, Sonia. "Maternal understandings of postnatal depression." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/maternal-understandings-of-postnatal-depression(f86e827e-cbf9-4940-9a7f-841ee188b01c).html.

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Paper one is a systematic literature review of qualitative studies examining postnatal depression in immigrant mothers using a metasynthesis approach. This review involved three phases: a systematic literature search of qualitative studies reporting on postnatal depression among immigrant mothers, critical appraisal of the studies from the literature search, and the metasynthesis of these studies. Fifteen studies met the inclusion, exclusion and quality criteria. The synthesis of the studies demonstrated that immigrant mothers are subjected to two overarching factors of migration and cultural influences that interact and give rise to psychosocial understandings of postnatal depression, healthcare barriers and views of potential remedies lying within the psychosocial domain. Mothers use self-help coping strategies in line with this. Social support appears to play an integral and mediating role for these immigrant mothers removed from their sociocultural context.A grounded theory approach was taken in the second paper to explore illness beliefs in mothers with postnatal depression. Eleven participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule and data was analysed in line with a grounded theory methodology. A theory of illness beliefs in PND was developed encompassing six core categories: 'unmet expectations', 'identifying stressors in their life context', 'conflict over label', 'antidepressants: the lesser of two evils', 'loss of time' and 'uncertain futures.' It was concluded that participants made multiple appraisals of their PND in light of their initial difficulties, following service involvement, their improvements, their consequences and the future. Participants' narratives were conflicting and uncertain with internal struggles evident as mothers were torn between their desire to be good mothers and their perceptions that PND meant that they were not good enough mothers. The final paper is a critical appraisal that outlines my personal journey through a grounded theory methodology in exploring illness beliefs in postnatal depression. This appraisal first discusses why a qualitative design was chosen and more specifically a grounded theory approach. The difficulties attached to using grounded theory are then considered. Finally in keeping with the need for transparency within the methodology, there is a reflective account of the challenges encountered, the knowledge and skills gained throughout the process and how this has been important for my learning and progression towards becoming a qualified Clinical Psychologist.
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Chew, Wei Leong. "Postnatal Genome Editing With CRISPR." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493352.

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Targeted genome editing holds tremendous promise for permanent correction of many genetic diseases. The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing tool exhibits facile programmability and robust gene-editing efficiency, and has been applied in cell cultures and animal tissues. However, multi-organ gene-editing in live mammals has not been examined or achieved. This study demonstrates genetic modification in multiple organs of postnatal mice by systemic delivery of CRISPR with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). I resolved the AAV payload limitation by splitting Cas9 and reconstituting the native protein in vivo using scarless split-intein protein trans-splicing, which preserves full activity of Cas9. I determined that the delivery efficiency of AAV-CRISPR dictates gene-targeting rates in vivo, with the preferential gene-editing in liver and heart, and more modest editing efficiencies in skeletal muscle, brain and gonads, directly reflecting the infection profile of the virus serotype. To track CRISPR biodistribution, I established two reporter systems that apply in situ fluorescence activation to demarcate CRISPR-targeting events at single-cell resolution, identifying rare gene-edited cells that normally evade detection by sequencing. This exquisite detection sensitivity further allows evaluation of inter-generational transmission of gene-editing viruses. Finally, although Cas9 elicits host immune responses, these can be ameliorated by immunosuppression. I also identified a public Cas9-responsive T-cell clonotype and mapped the B-cell epitopes on Cas9 and AAV. Engineering tolerance to immunodominant epitopes may provide an avenue for avoiding immune rejection of AAV-CRISPR. The ability to create programmable genetic modifications in multiple organs of postnatal mammals provides a powerful tool for biological research, and foretells that the genomes of whole mammals may be rewritten at will.
Medical Sciences
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Murray, Linda Jennifer. "Postnatal depression in Central Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63485/1/Linda_Murray_Thesis.pdf.

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Postnatal depression (PND) is a significant global health issue, which not only impacts maternal wellbeing, but also infant development and family structures. Mental health disorders represent approximately 14% of global burden of disease and disability, including low and middle-income countries (LMIC), and PND has direct relevance to the Millennium Development Goals of reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and creating global partnerships (United Nations, 2012; Guiseppe, Becker & Farmer, 2011). Emerging evidence suggests that PND in LMIC is similar to, or higher than in high-income countries (HIC), however, less than 10% of LMIC have prevalence data available (Fisher, Cabral de Mello, & Izutsu 2009; Lund et al., 2011). Whilst a small number of studies on maternal mental disorders have been published in Vietnam, only one specifically focuses on PND in a hospital-based sample. Also, community based mental health studies and information on mental health in rural areas of Vietnam is still scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of PND, and its associated social determinants in postnatal women in Thua Thien Hue Province, Central Vietnam. In order to identify social determinants relevant to the Central Vietnamese context, two qualitative studies and one community survey were undertaken. Associations between maternal mental health and infant health outcomes were also explored. The study was comprised of three phases. Firstly, iterative, qualitative interviews with Vietnamese health professionals (n = 17) and postpartum women (n = 15) were conducted and analysed using Kleinman's theory of explanatory models to identify narratives surrounding PND in the Vietnamese context (Kleinman, 1978). Secondly, a participatory concept mapping exercise was undertaken with two groups of health professionals (n = 12) to explore perceived risk and protective factors for postnatal mental health. Qualitative phases of the research elucidated narratives surrounding maternal mental health in the Vietnamese context such as son preference, use of traditional medicines, and the popularity of confinement practices such as having one to three months of complete rest. The qualitative research also revealed the construct of depression was not widely recognised. Rather, postpartum changes in mood were conceptualised as a loss of 'vital strength' following childbirth or 'disappointment'. Most women managed postpartum changes in mood within the family although some sought help from traditional medicine practitioners or biomedical doctors. Thirdly, a cross-sectional study of twelve randomly selected communes (six urban, six rural) in Thua Thien Hue Province was then conducted. Overall, 465 women with infants between 4 weeks and six months old participated, and 431 questionnaires were analysed. Women from urban (n = 216) and rural (n = 215) areas participated. All eligible women completed a structured interview about their health, basic demographics, and social circumstances. Maternal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a continuous variable. Multivariate generalised linear regression was conducted using PASW Statistics version 18.0 (2009). When using the conventional EPDS threshold for probable depression (EPDS score ~ 13) 18.1% (n = 78) of women were depressed (Gibson, McKenzie-McHarg, Shakespeare, Price & Gray, 2009). Interestingly, 20.4% of urban women (n = 44) had EPDS scores~ 13, which was a higher proportion than rural women, where 15.8% (n = 34) had EPDS scores ~ 13, although this difference was not statistically significant: t(429) = -0.689, p = 0.491. Whilst qualitative narratives identified infant gender and family composition, and traditional confinement practices as relevant to postnatal mood, these were not statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Rather, poverty, food security, being frightened of your husband or family members, experiences of intimate partner violence and breastfeeding difficulties had strong statistical associations. PND was also associated with having an infant with diarrhoea in the past two weeks, but not infant malnutrition or acute respiratory infections. This study is the first to explore maternal mental health in Central Vietnam, and provides further evidence that PND is a universally experienced phenomenon. The independent social risk factors of depressive symptoms identified such as poverty, food insecurity, experiences of violence and powerlessness, and relationship adversity points to women in a context of social suffering which is relevant throughout the world (Kleinman, Das & Lock, 1997). The culturally specific risk factors explored such as infant gender were not statistically significant when included in a multivariable model. However, they feature prominently in qualitative narratives surrounding PND in Vietnam, both in this study and previous literature. It appears that whilst infant gender may not be associated with PND per se, the reactions of close relatives to the gender of the baby can adversely affect maternal wellbeing. This study used a community based participatory research approach (CBPR) (Israel.2005). This approach encourages the knowledge produced to be used for public health interventions and workforce training in the community in which the research was conducted, and such work has commenced. These results suggest that packages of interventions for LMIC devised to address maternal mental health and infant wellbeing could be applied in Central Vietnam. Such interventions could include training lay workers to follow up postpartum women, and incorporating mental health screening and referral into primary maternal and child health care (Pate! et al., 2011; Rahman, Malik, Sikander & Roberts, 2008). Addressing the underlying social determinants of PND through poverty reduction and violence elimination programs is also recommended.
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Scullion, Catherine. "Midwives' ability to estimate women's vulnerability to postnatal depressive symptoms in the first three postnatal months." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485941.

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Background: There is a need to improve identification of mothers at risk of postnatal depression. This study aimed to assess if postnatal ward midwives could identify vulnerable mothers on wards; also to determine if midwives' estimates of risk could add to the predictive value of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS; Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987). Method: Using a prospective longitudinal survey design, 121 mothers on postnatal wards in a maternity hospital were recruited within 72 hours of delivery when they completed self-report measures of depressive symptoms (EPDS), infant temperament (lCQ) and parenting confidence (PSOC). Midwives completed a Likert-style questionnaire giving their concurrent views on these variables and estimating mothers' risk ofdepressive symptoms at 10-12 weeks. At follow up by post at 10-12 postnatal weeks, 92 women completed repeat measures. Results: There was a significant relationship between midwives' estimates of risk and mothers' EPDS Time 2 scores. Midwives correctly identified 36.4% of vulnerable women and 97.1% of those who did not develop symptoms of depression. Midwives' estimates of risk added significantly to the variance explained by EPDS Time 1 scores on EPDS Time 2 scores. Conclusion: While midwives' ability to recognise women who are vulnerable to symptoms of postnatal depression is limited, they are rarely mistaken, suggesting they could usefully alert primary care services to give priority to these women.
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Books on the topic "Postnatal"

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Alexander, Jo, Valerie Levy, and Sarah Roch, eds. Postnatal Care. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4.

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Sharon, Mazel, ed. Śuṃ karavuṃ jyāre mām̐ bano: Have śuṃ thaśe? kevī rīte thaśe? Amadāvāda: Gujarāta Pustakālaya Sa. Sa. Maṇḍaḷa, 2011.

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Auerbach, Robert D. El miracle de la concepción. Trumbull, Conn: Budlong Press, 2006.

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Polden, Margie. Teaching postnatal exercises. London: Nursing Notes, 1985.

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Falkner, Frank, and James M. Tanner, eds. Postnatal Growth Neurobiology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0522-2.

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RM, Alexander Jo, Levy Valerie RM, and Roch Sarah E. G, eds. Postnatal care: A research-based approach. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993.

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Chan hou bao yang bai ke. Guangzhou: Yang cheng wan bao chu ban she, 2002.

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Prenatal and postnatal fitness. [Edmonton, AB]: The Dept., 1985.

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Marshall, Fiona. Coping with postnatal depression. London: Sheldon Press, 1993.

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Westall, Carolyn, and Pranee Liamputtong. Motherhood and Postnatal Depression. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1694-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Postnatal"

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Sleep, Jennifer. "Postnatal Perineal Care." In Postnatal Care, 1–17. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_1.

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Inch, Sally. "Postnatal Care Relating to Breastfeeding." In Postnatal Care, 18–44. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_2.

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Holden, Jenifer M. "Emotional Problems Associated with Childbirth." In Postnatal Care, 45–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_3.

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Salariya, Ellena. "Parental-Infant Attachment." In Postnatal Care, 62–83. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_4.

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Rush, Janet. "Care of the Umbilical Cord." In Postnatal Care, 84–97. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_5.

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Whitby, Chris. "Transitional Care." In Postnatal Care, 98–107. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_6.

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Adams, Margaret, and Joyce Prince. "Care of the Grieving Parent with Special Reference to Stillbirth." In Postnatal Care, 108–24. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_7.

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Mills, Marianne. "Teenage Mothers." In Postnatal Care, 125–42. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_8.

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Nunnerley, Rowan. "Quality Assurance in Postnatal Care." In Postnatal Care, 143–67. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21082-4_9.

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Marti, Kyriaki C. "Postnatal Considerations." In Dental Management of the Pregnant Patient, 113–23. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119286592.ch7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Postnatal"

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Spielberger, BD, C. Nußbaum, S. Hutter, KA Giehl, and O. Genzel-Boroviczény. "Postnatal management of congenital Ichthyosis." In 28. Deutscher Kongress für Perinatale Medizin. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607784.

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SHishelova, A. YU, and K. S. Smirnov. "The role of social isolation in critical periods of early postnatal ontogenesis in the formation of epileptic activity of the brain and learning ability in adulthood." In Global science. Development and novelty. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gsdn-25-12-2020-03.

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The effect of complete social isolation in the critical periods of early postnatal ontogenesis on the learning and epileptic activity in Wag/Rij rats with a genetic predisposition to the absence epilepsy was studied. The different learning tasks with positive reinforcement (the Intellicage test) and punishment (the two-way active avoidance in the “shuttle box”) were used. It was found that a 3-hour daily social isolation of rat pups from the mother and siblings in early postnatal ontogenesis changes the learning ability and its connection with epileptic activity in adulthood depending on the period of isolation. The isolation from 2th to 8th postnatal day led to a decrease of epileptic activity and improved the learning with positive reinforcement in adult rats. The isolation from 9th to 15th postnatal day improved the learning a conditioned avoidance response with punishment and induced the interrelations between epileptic activity and the active avoidance learning. The isolation from 16th to 22th postnatal – 14 – Global science. Development and novelty day led to an improvement of positive reward-related learning and formation of the significant interactions between epileptic activity and the learning with positive and negative reinforcement.
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Obernikhin, Sergey Stanislavovich, Nataliya Valentinovna Yaglova, Valentin Vasilyevich Yaglov, and Svetlana Vladimirovna Nazimova. "TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF RAT ADRENAL ZONA GLOMERULOSA POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT EXPOSED TO LOW DOSES OF DDT." In International conference New technologies in medicine, biology, pharmacology and ecology (NT +M&Ec ' 2020). Institute of information technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-0-7.09.

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The role of the transcription factor Oct4 and canonical Wnt signaling in the postnatal morphogenesis of the glomerular zone of the adrenal glands of rats under the conditions of pre- and postnatal exposure to low doses of DDT endocrine disruptor was determined.
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Cremona, Tiziana Patrizia, Sebastien Barrè, Eveline Yao, David Haberthür, Marco Stampanoni, and Johannes Schittny. "Postnatal development of pulmonary acini in rats." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa4188.

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Kablanov, Т. Е., S. V. Volodeev, and N. N. Mukhamadieva. "Treatment and prophylaxis of postnatal cows diseases." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. SPC "LJournal", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scc-05-2018-12.

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Yaglova, Nataliya Valentinovna, Sergey Stanislavovich Obernikhin, Valentin Vasilyevich Yaglov, and Svetlana Vladimirovna Nazimova. "TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF ADRENAL CORTEX POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION." In International conference New technologies in medicine, biology, pharmacology and ecology (NT +M&Ec ' 2020). Institute of information technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-0-7.08.

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Expression of transcriptional factor Oct4 and Shh in rat adrenal cortex during postnatal development and the role for this factors in functional activity of adrenal cortex and tissue homeostasis was determined.
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MAEKAWA, MOTOKO, and NORIKO OSUMI. "THE ROLE OF Pax6 IN POSTNATAL HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS." In Proceedings of the Final Symposium of the Tohoku University 21st Century Center of Excellence Program. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860948800_0013.

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Romanov, Stepan, Heda Song, Michel Valstar, Don Sharkey, Caz Henry, Isaac Triguero, and Mercedes Torres Torres. "Few-Shot Learning for Postnatal Gestational Age Estimation." In 2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534239.

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Anthoulaki, X., D. Deuteraiou, and P. Tsikouras. "Postnatal colonization of neonatal intestine after vaginal seeding." In Kongressabstracts zur Tagung 2020 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG). © 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1717981.

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Golovchenko, V. V. "DYNAMICS OF QUAIL LIVER TOPOGRAPHY IN POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS." In DIGEST OF ARTICLES ALL-RUSSIAN (NATIONAL) SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "CURRENT ISSUES OF VETERINARY MEDICINE: EDUCATION, SCIENCE, PRACTICE", DEDICATED TO THE 190TH ANNIVERSARY FROM THE BIRTH OF A.P. Stepanova. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1853-9-2021-4.

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The article presents the results of the studied dynamics of topographic changes in liver growth in different age groups. For the study, Texas quail was taken from one day old to 30 days old. As a result of the study, it was revealed that with age, there are no pathological changes in the structures of the organ. The boundaries of the liver in the body cavity of the quail were established: the liver dorso-cranially borders with the apex of the heart, and dorso-caudally with the cranial edge of the muscular part of the stomach; the liver lobes are interconnected in the cranial part by a narrow bridge. With age, the quail liver becomes irregular in shape, which is due to compression from the internal organs.
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Reports on the topic "Postnatal"

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Warren, Charlotte. High Impact Practices—Detecting and managing hypertension in the extended postnatal period: Preventing postnatal pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh14.1036.

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Kern, Nora, and Anthony Herndon. Antenatal hydronephrosis (1): postnatal evaluation and initial management. BJUI Knowledge, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0278.v2.

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Warren, Charlotte, Rachel Shongwe, Allen Waligo, Mohammed Mahdi, Goldy Mazia, and Indira Narayanan. Repositioning postnatal care in a high HIV environment: Swaziland. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2.1012.

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Nutt, Brittany S., and Theresa Everest. Postnatal Depression Prevention Through Prenatal Intervention: A Literature Review. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446553.

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Ndwiga, Charity, Harriet Birungi, Chi-Chi Undie, Shiphrah Kuria, Joseph Sitienei, and Sam Ochola. Integrating tuberculosis case finding and treatment into postnatal care. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh3.1033.

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Jacobs, Erika, Carlos Brambila, and Ricardo Vernon. Reproductive health care in the postnatal period in Guatemala. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1154.

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Johnson, Jay, Rebecca Boddicker, Maria Victoria Sanz Fernandez, Jason W. Ross, Lance H. Baumgard, and Joshua T. Selsby. Gestational Thermal Environment Alters Postnatal Response to Heat Stress. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-690.

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Mwangi, Annie, Charlotte Warren, Nancy Koskei, and Holly Blanchard. Strengthening postnatal care services including postpartum family planning in Kenya. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1181.

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Sanderson, Maureen. Interrelationships of Prenatal and Postnatal Growth, Hormones, Diet, and Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417878.

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Initiative, Integra. The effect of integrating HIV services on quality of postnatal care. Population Council, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh9.1010.

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