Academic literature on the topic 'Postmenapausal'

15069 Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the patients with borderline ovarian tumors. Methods: Clinical features, treatment and survival status of 100 patients with borderline ovarian tumors were retrospectively evaluated between 1998 and 2005. Results: Mean age was 37.75 (Range: 15–72) years. 22 cases were in postmenapausal status. Histopathological diagnosis was serous, musinous, endometrioid and clear cell in 54%, 41%, 2%, 3% of the patients, respectively. 19 cases underwent restaging laparotomy. In 52 cases fertility sparing surgery was performed. 70 patients had stage IA, 8 patients had stage IB, 16 cases had stage IC, 2 cases had stage IIIA, 3 cases cases had stage IIIB and a case had stage IIIC disease. 22 cases were administered chemotherapy because of advanced stage disease. All cases were alive. 5 year disease free survival of 51 cases was 100%. Conclusions: Borderline ovarian tumors have excellent prognosis and conservative surgery can be performed in young patients with early stage disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Aim. To study the severity (according to the stages at the time of diagnosis) of female genital cancer detected in postmenopausal women in Baku in 20162018. Methods. 306 postmenopausal women with various tumors of the reproductive system were examined. The average age of the examined women was 59.30.4 (4883) years. 166 (54.2%) out of 306 patients had malignant tumors of the genitalia including ovarian cancer (n=97), endometrial cancer (n=50), cervical cancer (n=13), uterine sarcoma (n=6). Clinical, functional, laboratory, radiological, and morphological studies were performed. For the analysis of the obtained digital data, discriminant analysis methods were applied. The rate (Р%) and its 95% confidence intervals (mp%) of ovarian and endometrial cancer of the postmenopausal period among female citizens of Baku were calculated. Statistical significance of the difference between the indicators in the groups was determined by Pearson 2-criterion. All calculations were performed in Excel 2013 and SPSS-20. Results. According to the data of the study, ovarian cancer in the postmenopausal period was diagnosed in 15.53.7% of females at stage I, in 8.22.8% at stage II, in 66.04.8% at stage III, in 10.33.1% at stage IV of the development of the tumor process. In 68.06.6% of patients with endometrial cancer in the postmenopausal period, the tumor was determined at stage I, in 30.06.5% of patients at stage II, and in 2.02.0% of patients at stage III of the development of the tumor process. On comparison of the stages at detection of ovarian and endometrial cancer, a significant difference between these two forms of malignant neoplasms was found for both stages I and III. Conclusion. Detection of genital tumors in postmenopausal women is characterized by the diagnosis of ovarian cancer mainly in the later stages of the disease (compared to endometrial cancer), which indicates the need to develop effective screening methods for earlier detection of this tumor process.

Evidence has accumulated for a link between the adequacy of lifetime calcium intake, and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis increases in prevalence with age and is of concern as it results in irreversible and debilitating effects. The result has been an increased recognition of the need to survey the consumption patterns of foods that contribute to calcium intake levels in Australia, the focus being milk and milk products.. A better understanding of calcium intake in women and the factors influencing it across the lifespan is of increasing importance as the longevity of Australian women continues to increase. Without preventive measures the costs incurred in managing osteoporosis will continue to escalate. An understanding of women's food behaviour is important if calcium intake levels in women are to effectively increase. A self administered questionnaire assessed the calcium intake levels and food sources in 158 premenopausal and 142 postmenopausal women. It also assessed significant differences in calcium intake levels and the relative contributions of food sources to this intake. The questionnaire comprised a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and closed end questions. The closed ended questions measured psychosocial factors, stage of dietary change, levels of physical activity and demographic factors. These factors formed the basis of an investigation into factors best associated with the levels of adequacy of intake. The results suggest no significant difference in calcium intake (milligrams per day) in the two groups of women. There was a significant difference in the relative levels of adequacy of the estimated calcium intake levels. Milk and milk products contributed up to 84% of the daily calcium intake with 72.2 and 84.7% as the respective contributions in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Fortified milk types have a relatively higher calcium content than unfortified types. A higher consumption of fortified milk noted in the postmenopausal women could explain the higher though not significant mean intake values post-menopausally. Several of the enabling factors but none of the predisposing factors were noted to influence intake of fortified milk. Taste generally influenced intake of fortified milk in the whole sample of 300 women whereas perceived costs and health concerns were an issue with the premenopausal women only. Other enabling factors such as the perceptions of the adequacy of the present diet, and the feeling that there was too much nutrition information that was in itself confusing influenced the intake of fortified milk in postmenopausal but not premenopausal women.The influence of change related factors was also noted. The importance ratings for nutrient issues influenced the intake of fortified milk intake in the whole sample. Food preference was the only enabling factor found to influence the adequacy of calcium intake in the both the premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Change related factors, were also noted to influence the adequacy of calcium intake in the premenopausal and postmenopausal women and these included; the stage of change for adopting a high calcium diet, the importance ratings for; increasing intake of milk and milk products and the perceived adequacy of this intake. The other suggested determinants of the adequacy of intake varied between the two groups of women. These inc1uded;enabling factors; perceived cost of milk and milk products, milk allergies, social support, availability of milk at home on a daily basis and the frequency of meal preparation in the premenopausal group. Change related factors on the other hand determined the postmenopausal intake and these included importance ratings for eating low fat foods, perceived adequacy of fruit and vegetable intake, and importance rating for an increased dietary calcium intake. The enabling factors; preferences, social support and perceived adequacy of milk and milk products' intake were the best predictors of the adequacy of premenopausal calcium intake whereas the change related factors; the importance rating for a high calcium diet and the reluctance to change a diet considered to be enjoyable best predicted the adequacy post-menopause. Knowledge is a predisposing factor for behaviour change. The results show that knowledge on the importance of a high calcium intake exists in the sample population. This knowledge is however not being effectively translated into food behaviour. This highlights the need for Nutrition education programs that stress the importance of food behaviours. These programs should aim at increasing women's calcium intake levels and destroying the few existing misconceptions regarding milk and milk product consumption. The factors identified as determinants of intake in the premenopausal and postmenopausal women are the basis of these education programs.