Academic literature on the topic 'Posthuman critical theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Posthuman critical theory"
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Braidotti. "Posthuman Critical Theory." Journal of Posthuman Studies 1, no. 1 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jpoststud.1.1.0009.
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MacDonald, Shauna M. "Performance as Critical Posthuman Pedagogy." Text and Performance Quarterly 34, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10462937.2014.880125.
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Odorčák, Juraj, and Pavlína Bakošová. "Robots, Extinction, and Salvation: On Altruism in Human–Posthuman Interactions." Religions 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040275.
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Posthumanism and transhumanism are philosophies that envision possible relations between humans and posthumans. Critical versions of posthumanism and transhumanism examine the idea of potential threats involved in human–posthuman interactions (i.e., species extinction, species domination, AI takeover) and propose precautionary measures against these threats by elaborating protocols for the prosocial use of technology. Critics of these philosophies usually argue against the reality of the threats or dispute the feasibility of the proposed measures. We take this debate back to its modern roots. The play that gave the world the term “robot” (R.U.R.: Rossum’s Universal Robots) is nowadays remembered mostly as a particular instance of an absurd apocalyptic vision about the doom of the human species through technology. However, we demonstrate that Karel Čapek assumed that a negative interpretation of human–posthuman interactions emerges mainly from the human inability to think clearly about extinction, spirituality, and technology. We propose that the conflictual interpretation of human–posthuman interactions can be overcome by embracing Čapek’s religiously and philosophically-inspired theory of altruism remediated by technology. We argue that this reinterpretation of altruism may strengthen the case for a more positive outlook on human–posthuman interactions.
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Hapon, Nadiya. "ROSSI BRAIDOTTI’S “THE POSTHUMAN”: ANALYSIS OF THE THEORY OF CRITICAL POSTHUMANISM." Visnyk of the Lviv University Series Philosophical Sciences, no. 29 (2022): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/phs.2022.29.11.
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O’Thomas, Mark. "Humanum ex machina." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 29, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 284–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.29.2.05oth.
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Translation sits at the epicentre of the biotech era’s exponential growth. The terms of reference of this discipline are increasingly unstable becoming as humans interface with machines, become melded with them, and ultimately become a networked entity alongside other networked entities. In this brave new world, the posthuman offers a critical perspective that allows us to liberate our thinking in new ways and points towards the possibility of a translation theory that actively engages with other disciplines as a response to disciplinary hegemony. This article looks at how technology has changed and is changing translation. It then explores the implications of transhumanism and the possibilities for a posthuman translation theory. Ultimately, the survival of translation studies will be contingent on the survival of translation itself and its ability to question its own subjective, posthuman self.
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DeFalco, Amelia. "Towards a Theory of Posthuman Care: Real Humans and Caring Robots." Body & Society 26, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x20917450.
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This essay interrogates the common assumption that good care is necessarily human care. It looks to disruptive fictional representations of robot care to assist its development of a theory of posthuman care that jettisons the implied anthropocentrism of ethics of care philosophy but retains care’s foregrounding of entanglement, embodiment and obligation. The essay reads speculative representations of robot care, particularly the Swedish television programme Äkta människor ( Real Humans), alongside ethics of care philosophy and critical posthumanism to highlight their synergetic critiques of neoliberal affective economies and humanist hierarchies that treat some bodies and affects as more real than others. These texts and discourses assist me in proposing a theory of care that regards vulnerability as the normative effect of posthuman vital embodiment, as opposed to an anomalous state that can be overcome or corrected via neoliberal practice.
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D. Hagen, Benjamin. "Woolfian Love in Aggregate: Posthuman – Queer – Feminist." Comparative Critical Studies 19, no. 2 (June 2022): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2022.0441.
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Applying Barbara Herrnstein Smith’s insights into the contingency of value to the contingency of theory’s value, this essay situates Virginia Woolf’s Night and Day (1919) in relation to three critical frameworks. It argues that Woolf’s complication of love in the novel responds to three amorous ‘needs’ articulated, respectively, in the work of Rosi Braidotti, Eve Kosofksy Sedgwick and Sara Ahmed. In bringing Woolf’s novel to the needs voiced by these theorists, the essay neither synthesizes Braidotti, Sedgwick and Ahmed nor privileges one of them above the others. It shows, rather, that Night and Day keeps love unmastered by any single critical paradigm and that its literary/conceptual work is best read in aggregate – read and reread, that is, according to three often antagonistic frameworks between which the essay makes a temporary peace. The posthuman and queer frames bring to life Katharine Hilbery’s powerful attachment to and preference for the study of mathematics and astronomy, her distaste for human beings (and literary studies), and her careful stagecraft in managing the people she loves. The feminist frame links the promises of love to the patriarchal/misogynistic division between the education of men and the training of women.
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Locatelli, Chloé. "Rethinking ‘Sex Robots’." Journal of Digital Social Research 4, no. 3 (July 29, 2022): 10–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v4i3.87.
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This paper interrogates the posthuman potential of sextech aimed at heterosexual men, positing that advertising and design of products with digital femininities emphasise the possibility for emotional interaction. This work firstly applies pressure to the monolithic conceptualisation of ‘sex robots’, that impedes rigorously appraising existing sextech constructions. Applying posthuman theory to sextech, particularly critical posthumanism and the formative work of Donna Haraway, affords this investigation the theoretical rigour to reflect on the potential for emotional interaction with digital feminised others. Through digital media analysis, this paper explores three gendered-female technologies: Azuma Hikari, (2020); the RealdollX Application (2020) and VirtualMate (2020) alongside their concomitant promotional material. This research illustrates that the complex convergence of interactive technologies, digital feminities and emotive advertising suggests a shift into posthuman sextech – where digital feminities are designed and advertised as capable of providing erotic and emotive interaction.
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Gross, Jennifer. "Interviewing Roomba: A posthuman study of humans and robot vacuum cleaners." Explorations in Media Ecology 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eme_00047_1.
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Roomba, the autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner sold by iRobot since 2002, is now a taken-for-granted household helper in many homes. In this study that cross-cuts phenomenology, postphenomenology, actor–network theory and media ecology, I utilize four heuristics for interviewing digital objects. I interview Roomba and utilize qualitative research methods to theorize about the complexities of the entanglements and relationships between human beings and their robot vacuum cleaners. Conclusions connect to critical theory and feminism and also question justifications of anthropocentrism in a posthuman world.
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Aline Flieger, Jerry. "Is there a Doctor in the House? Psychoanalysis and the Discourse of the Posthuman." Paragraph 33, no. 3 (November 2010): 354–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2010.0204.
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This article uses a Lacanian framework both to map types of posthuman discourse that shape the debates around science, technology and the fate of the human, and to advocate a more psychoanalytic framing of these debates. It identifies three dominant posthumanisms: ‘doomsday’, ‘celebratory’ and ‘critical’. The first adopts an apocalyptic tone in the defence of a supposedly natural human essence; the second unthinkingly embraces the promise of new technologies for augmenting human potential; the third draws on the critique of humanism to balance the first two tendencies. The article then proposes a ‘fractal’ reading of both Freud and Lacan which updates psychoanalysis for the online world today. Finally, the article aligns each of the types of posthumanism with one of Lacan's ‘four discourses’: ‘doomsday’ posthumanism with the discourse of the hysteric, ‘celebratory’ posthumanism with that of the master, and ‘critical’ posthumanism with that of the analyst, thereby putting psychoanalysis at the centre of the posthuman rather than its margins.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Posthuman critical theory"
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Bem, Isabella Vieira de. "Models of complexity in Robert Coover's John's wife and the adventures of Lucky Pierre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5841.
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Esta tese de doutorado analisa dois romances do escritor Norte-Americano Robert Coover como exemplos de escrita hipertextual e de hiperficção no suporte do livro de papel. A complexidade dos romances John's Wife e The Adventures of Lucky Pierre integra os elementos culturais característicos da atual fase do capitalismo e as práticas tecnologizadas que vêm forjando uma subjetividade diferente na escrita e leitura hipertextual, a subjetividade pós-humana. Os modelos da complexidade dos romances derivam do conceito de atratores estranhos da Teoria do Caos e de rizoma da Nomadologia. As transformações no grau de corporeidade dos personagens estabelecem o plano em que se discute a turbulência e a pós-humanidade. As noções de padrões dinâmicos e atratores estranhos e os conceitos do Corpo sem Órgãos e do Rizoma são interpretados para se revisar a narratologia e chegar a categorias apropriadas ao estudo dos romances. A leitura exercitada nesta tese põe em prática a proposta de leitura corpórea de Daniel Punday. As mudanças no grau de materialidade dos personagens são associadas aos estágios de ordem, turbulência e caos na estória, agindo sobre a constituição da subjetividade ao longo do processo de leitura. A inscrição dos planos de consistência que Coover realiza para se contrapor à linearidade e acomodar as feições hipertextuais nas narrativas em papel descreve a trajetória rizomática dos personagens. O presente estudo leva a concluir que a narrativa hoje se constitui antes como um regime numa relação rizomática com outros regimes na prática cultural do que como forma e gênero predominantemente literários. Também se conclui que a subjetividade pós-humana emerge alinhada a uma identidade de classe que tem nos romances hipertextuais a sua forma literária predileta.This doctoral dissertation analyzes two novels by the American novelist Robert Coover as examples of hypertextual writing on the book bound page, as tokens of hyperfiction. The complexity displayed in the novels, John's Wife and The Adventures of Lucky Pierre, integrates the cultural elements that characterize the contemporary condition of capitalism and technologized practices that have fostered a different subjectivity evidenced in hypertextual writing and reading, the posthuman subjectivity. The models that account for the complexity of each novel are drawn from the concept of strange attractors in Chaos Theory and from the concept of rhizome in Nomadology. The transformations the characters undergo in the degree of their corporeality sets the plane on which to discuss turbulence and posthumanity. The notions of dynamic patterns and strange attractors, along with the concept of the Body without Organs and Rhizome are interpreted, leading to the revision of narratology and to analytical categories appropriate to the study of the novels. The reading exercised throughout this dissertation enacts Daniel Punday's corporeal reading. The changes in the characters' degree of materiality are associated with the stages of order, turbulence and chaos in the story, bearing on the constitution of subjectivity within and along the reading process. Coover's inscription of planes of consistency to counter linearity and accommodate hypertextual features to the paper supported narratives describes the characters' trajectory as rhizomatic. The study led to the conclusion that narrative today stands more as a regime in a rhizomatic relation with other regimes in cultural practice than as an exclusively literary form and genre. Besides this, posthuman subjectivity emerges as class identity, holding hypertextual novels as their literary form of choice.
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Steuart, Lori. "The Neoliberal conditions for posthuman exceptionalism." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4055.
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This thesis seeks to show that contemporary speculative fiction films both present and act as agents for an understanding of the human as increasingly economically rational. This conception of the human focuses on humanist values that project a vision of human exceptionalism into the future. Expanding on Michel Foucault’s definition of neoliberalism, this thesis follows its connection to biotechnology and the transhuman subject created through biotechnological intervention, arguing that the films Limitless (2011), Avatar (2009), and District 9 (2009) depict a vision of the human as something that can be calculated and therefore optimized, moving toward the transhuman goal of perfectibility.Graduate
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Norman, Jana L. "Posthuman Legal Subjectivity in the Anthropocene: Introducing the Cosmic Person." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/121348.
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The legal philosophy known as Earth Jurisprudence sets a countercultural objective for Western law and legal theory by valuing the establishment of a mutually beneficial human–earth relationship over the satisfaction of exclusively human interests. I propose a novel strategy for meeting this objective: reimagining the human in the human–earth relationship. The original contribution of this thesis is the reconceptualisation of the human legal subject based on the non-dualised construct of human identity suggested by combining insights into the nature of reality from a variety of contemporary fields of scientific and critical inquiry. The project begins with an analysis of the traditional Western construct of human identity, which is structured as a dualism. In this view, humans are understood to be of a separate and superior order to nature. The thesis dissects the set of assumptions that conspire to form, in the first instance, a primary reason/nature dualism from which branch not only the singular human/nature dualism, but also an interlocking set of dualisms relegating non-human and some human Others to the underside of the hierarchy. A dynamic of radical discontinuity in the human–earth relationship is established by this complex, which precludes mutuality. I characterise thinking within and about Western law and legal theory as anthropocentric, given the anthropocentrism of Western culture. The extent to which this is true is examined in this thesis, first in a discussion of an emblematic case in which the fate of particular non-human subjects is decided without regard for the needs and interests of the same, then in a critique of Earth Jurisprudence in which I conclude that the philosophy is insufficiently disruptive of the foundational reason/nature dualism. The crux of this thesis is the contention that systems can be transformed by strategic intervention at key points at which the system is upheld or perpetuated. I argue that the legal subject is one such point in the Western social imaginary of mastery and control. More specifically, I argue that a construct of human identity, the master identity, to which the prevailing concept of the human legal subject (the rational, autonomous individual) corresponds, keeps the anthropocentrism of this system in play. Each of the contemporary concepts-in-use of the human legal subject has an origin story and various disciplines from which it draws its supporting ontological, epistemological and ethical commitments. The thesis draws from new cosmology, Big History, new materialisms and posthuman critical theory to tell the origin story for the proposed alternative legal subject, the Cosmic Person. By accounting for the earthliness of human existence, by which I mean the normative materiality of being embodied, embedded and entangled in a single plane of existence comprising a natureculture continuum, the Cosmic Person as legal subject takes into direct account the needs and interests of the whole community of life on Earth. Finally, the thesis examines the Waimea River Watershed Mediation Agreement as a case study in which the Cosmic Person is prefigured in a performance of posthuman normativity.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Law School, 2019
Books on the topic "Posthuman critical theory"
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Chandra, Saurabh, ed. SOCRATES (Vol 3, No 2 (2015): Issue- June). 3rd ed. India: SOCRATES : SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 2015.
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Burton, Justin Adams. Posthuman Rap. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190235451.001.0001.
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Posthuman Rap listens for the ways contemporary rap maps an existence outside the traditional boundaries of what it means to be human. Contemporary humanity is shaped in neoliberal terms, where being human means being viable in a capitalist marketplace that favors whiteness, masculinity, heterosexuality, and fixed gender identities. But musicians from Nicki Minaj to Future to Rae Sremmurd deploy queerness and sonic blackness as they imagine different ways of being human. Building on the work of Sylvia Wynter, Alexander Weheliye, Lester Spence, L.H. Stallings, and a broad swath of queer and critical race theory, Posthuman Rap turns an ear especially toward hip hop that is often read as apolitical in order to hear its posthuman possibilities, its construction of a humanity that is blacker, queerer, more feminine than the norm. While each chapter is written so that it can be sectioned off from the rest and read with a focus on the discrete argument contained in it, the chapters are not meant to be individual case studies. Rather, each builds on the previous one so that the book should best function if it is read in sequence, as a journey that lands us in a posthuman vestibule where we can party more freely and hear the music more clearly if we’ve traveled through the rest of the book to get there.
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Murray, Stuart. Disability and the Posthuman. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621648.001.0001.
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Disability and the Posthuman is the first study to analyse cultural representations and deployments of disability as they interact with posthumanist theories of technology and embodiment. Working across a wide range of texts, many new to critical enquiry, in contemporary writing, film and cultural practice from North America, Europe, the Middle East and Japan, it covers a diverse range of topics, including: contemporary cultural theory and aesthetics; design, engineering and gender; the visualisation of prosthetic technologies in the representation of war and conflict; and depictions of work, time and sleep. While noting the potential limitations of posthumanist assessments of the technologized body, the study argues that there are exciting, productive possibilities and subversive potentials in the dialogue between disability and posthumanism as they generate dissident crossings of cultural spaces. Such intersections cover both fictional/imagined and material/grounded examples of disability and look to a future in which the development of technology and complex embodiment of disability presence align to produce sustainable yet radical creative and critical voices.
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Lynes, Krista. Cyborgs and Virtual Bodies. Edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.7.
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This chapter traces the emergence of the figure of the “cyborg” in feminist theory from the 1980s to the present, focusing specifically on how feminist engagements with this figure draw from and challenge broader discourses of the “posthuman.” The key questions that emerge from the scholarship on the intersections of the organic and the technological include the following: (1) a set of epistemological challenges to the foundational binaries of modernist thought, and thus a feminist method for examining the mutual imbrication of nature and culture, human and nonhuman, machinic and organic; (2) a set of explorations of the intersections of material and virtual manifestations of the body through the extension of communications and media technologies; and (3) the importance of the figure of the “cyborg” to feminist accounts of political agency and critical subjectivity.
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Knight, Linda. Inefficient Mapping: A Protocol for Attuning to Phenomena. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0336.1.00.
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Working from a speculative, more-than-human ontological position, Inefficient Mapping: A Protocol for Attuning to Phenomena presents a new, experimental cartographic practice and non-representational methodological protocol that attunes to the subaltern genealogies of sites and places, proposing a wayfaring practice for traversing the land founded on an ethics of care. As a methodological protocol, inefficient mapping inscribes the histories and politics of a place by gesturally marking affective and relational imprints of colonisation, industrialisation, appropriation, histories, futures, exclusions, privileges, neglect, survival, and persistence. Inefficient Mapping details a research experiment and is designed to be taken out on mapping expeditions to be referred to, consulted with, and experimented with by those who are familiar or new to mapping. The inefficient mapping protocol described in this book is informed by feminist speculative and immanent theories, including posthuman theories, critical-cultural theories, Indigenous and critical place inquiry, as well as the works of Karen Barad, Erin Manning, Jane Bennett, Maria Puig de la Bellacassa, Elizabeth Povinelli, and Eve Tuck and Marcia McKenzie, which frame how inefficient mapping attunes to the matter, tenses, and ontologies of phenomena and how the interweaving agglomerations of theory, critique, and practice can remain embedded in experimental methodologies.
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Schubert, William H., and Ming Fang He. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190887988.001.0001.
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115 entries The Oxford Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies (OECS) addresses the central question of Curriculum Studies as: What is worthwhile? The articles show how the public, personal and educational concerns about composing lives are the essence of curriculum. Writ large, Curriculum Studies pertains to what human beings should know, need, experience, do, be, become, overcome, contribute, share, wonder, imagine, invent, and improve. While the OECS treats curriculum as definitely central to schooling, it also shows how curriculum scholars also work on myriad other institutionalized and non-institutionalized dimensions of life that shape the ways humans learn to perceive, conceptualize, and act in the world. Thus, while OECS treats perennial curriculum categories (e.g., curriculum theory, history, purposes, development, design, enactment, evaluation), it does so through a critical eye that provides counter-narratives to neoliberal, colonial, and imperial forces that have too often dominated curriculum thought, policy, and practice. Thus, OECS presents contemporary perspectives on prevailing topics such as science, mathematics, social studies, literacy/reading/literature/language arts, music, art, physical education, testing, special education, liberal arts, many OECS articles also show how curriculum is embedded in ideology, human rights, mythology, museums, media, literature/film, geographical spaces, community organizing, social movements, cultures, race relations, gender, social class, immigration, activist work, popular pedagogy, revolution, diasporic events, and much more. To provide such perspectives, articles draw upon diverse scholarly traditions in addition to (though including) established qualitative and quantitative approaches (e.g., feminist, womanist, oral, critical theory, critical race theory, critical dis/ability studies, Indigenous ways of knowing, documentary, dialogue, postmodern, cooperative, posthuman, and diverse modes of expression). Moreover, such orientations (often drawn from neglected work Asia, the Global South, Aboriginal regions, and other often excluded realms) reveal positions that counter official or dominant neo-liberal impositions by emphasizing hidden, null, outside, material, embodied, lived, and transgressive curricula that foster emancipatory, ecologically interdependent, and continuously growing constructs.
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Narkunas, J. Paul. Reified Life. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823280308.001.0001.
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Reified Life: Speculative Capital and the Ahuman Condition addresses the most pressing political question of the 21st century: what forms of life are free and what forms are perceived legally and economically as surplus or expendable, human and otherwise. Reified Life theorizes the dangerous social implications of a posthuman future, whereby human agency is secondary to algorithmic processes, digital protocols, speculative financial instruments, and nonhuman market and technological forces. Narkunas contends that it is premature to speak of a posthuman or inhuman future, or employ an ‘ism, given how dynamic and contingent human practices and their material figurations can be. Over several chapters he diagnoses the rise of “market humans,” the instrumentalization of culture to decide the life worth living along utilitarian categories, and the varied ways human rights and humanitarianism actually throw members of the species like refugees outside the human order. Reified Life argues against posthumanist calls to abandon the human and humanism, and instead proposes the ahuman to think alongside the human. Reified Life elaborates speculative fictions as critical mechanisms for envisioning alternative futures and freedoms from the domineering forces of speculative capital, whose fictions have become our realities. Narkunas offers, to that end, a novel interpretation of the post-anthropocentric turn in the humanities by linking the diminished centrality of humanism to the waning dominion of nation-states over their populations and the intensification of financial capitalism, which reconfigures politics along economic categories of risk management.
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Kelly, John D., Kurt Jacobsen, and Marston H. Morgan, eds. Reconsidering American Power. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199490585.001.0001.
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Postcolonial studies, postmodern studies, even posthuman studies emerge, and intellectuals demand that social sciences be remade to address fundamentals of the human condition, from human rights to global environmental crises. Since these fields owe so much to American state sponsorship, is it easier to reimagine the human and the modern than to properly measure the pervasive American influence? Reconsidering American Power offers trenchant studies by renowned scholars who reassess the role of the social sciences in the construction and upkeep of the Pax Americana and the influence of Pax Americana on the social sciences. With the thematic image for this enterprise as the ‘fiery hunt’ for Ahab’s whale, the contributors pursue realities behind the theories, and reconsider the real origins and motives of their fields with an eye on what will deter or repurpose the ‘fiery hunts’ to come, by offering a critical insider’s view.
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Flynn, Catherine, ed. The New Joyce Studies. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009235693.
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The New Joyce Studies indicates the variety and energy of research on James Joyce since the year 2000. Essays examine Joyce's works and their reception in the light of a larger set of concerns: a diverse international terrain of scholarly modes and methodologies, an imperilled environment, and crises of racial justice, to name just a few. This is a Joyce studies that dissolves early visions of Joyce as a sui generis genius by reconstructing his indebtedness to specific literary communities. It models ways of integrating masses of compositional and publication details with literary and historical events. It develops hybrid critical approaches from posthuman, medical, and queer methodologies. It analyzes the nature and consequences of its extension from Ireland to mainland Europe, and to Africa and Latin America. Examining issues of copyright law, translation, and the history of literary institutions, this volume seeks to use Joyce's canonical centrality to inform modernist studies more broadly.
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Lærke, Mogens. Leibniz’s Encounter with Spinoza’s Monism, October 1675 to February 1678. Edited by Michael Della Rocca. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195335828.013.013.
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This article is concerned with Leibniz’s reading of Spinoza’s substance monism. It focuses on a particular period in Leibniz’s philosophical development, from October 1675 to February 1678. This period spans from the time Leibniz, in his De summa rerum papers, developed a rudimentary system in several aspects reminiscent of Spinozism, to the time he first read Spinoza’s Opera posthuma in early 1678. The article reconstructs a decisive shift in Leibniz’s attitude towards Spinoza’s substance monism that took place around 1677. Around 1675–1676, when Leibniz first heard of Spinoza’s philosophy from Tschirnhaus, Leibniz was playing with the option of a monist system where all things are conceived as modes of a single substance. He was also considering a parallelist metaphysical structure where explanatory parallelism between thought and extension is grounded in ontological parallelism. When Leibniz changed his intellectual setting in late 1676—moving from Paris to Hanover—his intellectual attitude toward Spinoza also changed, maybe in part as a result of his exchanges with the Danish catholic Nicolas Steno. In his critical comments on the first book of Ethics, from early 1678, Leibniz developed a comprehensive critique of Spinoza where he put to use and tested some of his own most recent philosophical discoveries. I thus show how he used his theory of predication to challenge Spinoza’s theory of attributes, and how he used the principle equipollence of the full cause and the entire effect to challenge Spinoza’s theory of causation and refute substance monism.
Book chapters on the topic "Posthuman critical theory"
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Braidotti, Rosi. "Posthuman Critical Theory." In Critical Posthumanism and Planetary Futures, 13–32. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3637-5_2.
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Cornips, Leonie, and Louis van den Hengel. "Place-Making by Cows in an Intensive Dairy Farm: A Sociolinguistic Approach to Nonhuman Animal Agency." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 177–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_11.
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AbstractBased on recent ethnographic fieldwork at an intensive dairy farm, this chapter examines the usefulness of posthuman critical theory for developing a new sociolinguistic approach to nonhuman animal agency. We explore how dairy cows, as encaged sentient beings whose mobility is profoundly restricted by bars and fences, negotiate their environment as a material-semiotic resource in linguistic acts of place-making. Drawing on the fields of critical posthumanism, new materialism and sociolinguistics, we explain how dairy cows imbue their physical space with meaning through materiality, the body and language. By developing a non-anthropocentric approach to language as a practice of more-than-human sociality, we argue for establishing egalitarian research perspectives beyond the assumptions of human exceptionalism and species hierarchy. The chapter thus aims to contribute towards a new understanding of nonhuman agency and interspecies relationships in the Anthropocene.
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Carrasco-Carrasco, Rocío. "The Vulnerable Posthuman in Popular Science Fiction Cinema." In Cultural Representations of Gender Vulnerability and Resistance, 169–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95508-3_10.
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AbstractFollowing feminist critical posthuman thinking (Braidotti, Vint, Ferrando), this chapter analyses two recent popular science fiction movies portraying female characters that embody the concept of the vulnerable posthuman: Glazer’s Under the Skin (2013) and Sanders’ Ghost in the Shell (2017). In spite of the fact that in these two movies the posthuman (female) characters are depicted as vulnerable beings apparently doomed to privileging and perpetuating the normative idea of the body in terms of gender and race, they still manage to somehow disrupt established configurations of power by offering audiences an unfamiliar experience. Viewers see life through the posthuman perspective thanks to filmic strategies, such as identification or sympathy, enabling us to temporarily refuse normative human ethics and to understand the posthuman subject as it is, with its alien/transhuman body and non-normative actions and desires.
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Murray, Stuart. "Introduction: Disabling the Human." In Disability and the Posthuman, 9–34. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621648.003.0002.
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Introduces the central features of the book: a concentration of critical disability studies and posthuman theory; questions of embodiment and technology; the focus on twenty- and twenty-first- century literatures and twenty-first-century film. The introduction also outlines the contents of the chapters and has a particular focus on the writings of L. Frank Baum, especially The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
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Levin, Susan B. "Assessing Transhumanist Advocacy of Cognitive Bioenhancement." In Posthuman Bliss?, 9–41. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051495.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Though they condemn the “essentialism” of their critics, transhumanists themselves embrace rational essentialism. Transhumanists’ extreme version includes outright hostility to the nonrational in the form of “negative” affect, above all, emotion and mood. This dismissal reflects an impoverished picture of our mental life and problematizes transhumanists’ own investment in cognitive bioenhancement. Transhumanists link themselves to a rich philosophical tradition when foregrounding reason as the linchpin of our humanity. When considering its augmentation, however, they conflate “reason” and “cognition.” Since transhumanists define “cognition” in terms of information, forms of rational engagement not reducible to its possession and manipulation are unaccounted for. Practically speaking, transhumanists wrongly take supposed enhancing effects of existing psychostimulants as a clear harbinger of far more powerful cognitive bioenhancers. Even if we limit ourselves to what transhumanists envision under cognitive bioenhancement, their confidence in the direct, unadulterated heightening of cognition is misguided.
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Levin, Susan B. "Living Virtuously as a Regulative Ideal." In Posthuman Bliss?, 232–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051495.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Transhumanists accuse their critics of pessimism and defeatism, but they display these attitudes toward humanity itself. Marked improvements in our situation must stem from dedicated efforts to narrow the gap between reflectively affirmed human ideals and their worldly manifestations. Virtue ethics is well poised to serve as an umbrella for these efforts because it concentrates on who we are as people, integrating levels of concern, individual up through civic. A potent way to mobilize people is to tap into what many already care substantially about but whose opportunities for cultivation and expression are constricted as things stand. In the United States, both virtue and core American ideals fit the bill. Recourse to the writings of Martin Luther King Jr. shows that virtue ethics and liberal commitments to justice and equality are compatible. The approach to virtue ethics whose cornerstones the author sketches in this chapter is rooted in Aristotle but adapted to America today.
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Murray, Stuart. "(Post)human Subjects, Disability Deployments." In Disability and the Posthuman, 35–72. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621648.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter One concentrates on recent theoretical writings on disability and posthumanism and also explores the intellectual spaces in which the subjects take shape, before moveing to a discussion of how these come together in select science fiction films. Disability Studies and critical posthumanism have much in common; a critique of humanist norms; a recognition of complex embodiment; and a commitment to intersectionality and inclusive practice among them. But they also harbour suspicions of one another. The most important divergence between the two subject areas comes in arguments surrounding transhumanism. Transhumanist assertions that the application of future technology will allow for bodily and neurological enhancement, and the ‘improvement’ of humans as a result, are met with hostility by many with disabilities who see in them suggestions that disability is a condition that might, and indeed should, be eradicated in a science-led drive towards ‘perfection’. The chapter will explore these and other debates, especially as they form around cultural representations and the ways stories are told about the bodies and technologies of the future.
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Jones, Raya A. "On Human Freedom in a Posthuman Future: Sources of Dialogical Tensions." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200945.
Full textAbstract:
This paper considers challenges for conceptualizing ‘culturally sustainable social robotics’. Approaching the relevant discourse from a critical distance, the discussion identifies dissonances among different positions and their associated moral claims, and points to some ambivalence inherent in the phrasing of the goal.
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Meeker, Natania, and Antónia Szabari. "Becoming Plant Nonetheless." In Radical Botany, 171–202. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286638.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The seventh chapter studies the work of twentieth- and twenty-first-century authors and visual artists who seek to move humans toward a vegetal future. What might it mean to think speculatively with plants today? Can humans become plants in order to become critically postconscious, posthuman, feminist, and queer subjects? If so, this process takes place through assemblages with fiction and other technologies of embodiment. This chapter takes up the plant as an engine of speculation that still works to help humans negotiate their relationship to a late modernity that seems always on the verge of ending—a constant calamity that might nonetheless still enable a new way of living and being. The focus of this chapter includes contemporary plant theory, plant-oriented visual art, and plant fictions that generate a “virtual reality” of becoming plant.
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Fasano, Francesco. "Il corpo malato e la crisi dell'identità unitaria." In America: il racconto di un continente | América: el relato de un continente. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-319-9/030.
Full textAbstract:
Illness seems to be a central theme for contemporary Latin-American literature. It is not only the object of the observation, but also a critical instrument to debilitate strong categories and binomes (such as male/female, sane/sick, alive/dead, human/non-human). This essay analyses the processes of hybridisation and metamorphosis related to illness in El huésped by Guadalupe Nettel and Fruta podrida by Lina Meruane. This examples show two different possibilities to embody the pathological experience: living against it and living with it. Illness could be an unpleasant partner, and there is no way to identify ourself with her, or a part of a wider us, opening to non-unitarian identity such as complexes and transforming organism. This consideration shows how Latin-American literature reflects on identity in a queer and posthuman way trough the metaphors that illness bring to the table.