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Academic literature on the topic 'Posted price'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Posted price"

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Shelegia, Sandro, and Joshua Sherman. "Bargaining at Retail Stores: Evidence from Vienna." Management Science 68, no. 1 (January 2022): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4094.

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In the West, where posted prices are the norm, it is uncommon to observe consumers receive discounts below the posted price. Nevertheless, we find that when stores are asked, a discount is granted approximately 40% of the time, with a median discount percentage of 10%. Discounts are more likely to be offered by small-scale firms, for higher-priced products, and for nonsale items. More generally, differences in price delegation behavior across firm types serve as an indicator that monitoring costs and employee skills are important drivers of bargaining behavior. This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing
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Beyhaghi, Hedyeh, Negin Golrezaei, Renato Paes Leme, Martin Pál, and Balasubramanian Sivan. "Improved Revenue Bounds for Posted-Price and Second-Price Mechanisms." Operations Research 69, no. 6 (November 2021): 1805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.2121.

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How to optimize posted price mechanisms? The sequential posted-price (SPP) mechanism is one of the widely used selling mechanisms in practice. In this mechanism, the seller presents each buyer with a price sequentially and the buyer can either accept or reject the mechanism's offer. Despite the widespread use of the SPP mechanism, the problem of optimizing prices in this mechanism has not been fully addressed. In a paper entitled, “Improved Revenue Bounds for Posted-Price and Second-Price Mechanisms,” H. Beyhaghi, N. Golrezaei, R. Paes Leme, M. Pal, and B. Sivan construct SPP mechanisms by considering the best of two simple pricing rules: one that imitates the optimal mechanism and the other that posts a uniform price (same price for every buyer). Their simple pricing rules can be easily generalized to the setting with multiple units and yield the first improvement over long-established approximation factors.
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Castiglioni, Matteo, Giulia Romano, Alberto Marchesi, and Nicola Gatti. "Signaling in Posted Price Auctions." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 5 (June 28, 2022): 4941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i5.20424.

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We study single-item single-unit Bayesian posted price auctions, where buyers arrive sequentially and their valuations for the item being sold depend on a random, unknown state of nature. The seller has complete knowledge of the actual state and can send signals to the buyers so as to disclose information about it. For instance, the state of nature may reflect the condition and/or some particular features of the item, which are known to the seller only. The problem faced by the seller is about how to partially disclose information about the state so as to maximize revenue. Unlike classical signaling problems, in this setting, the seller must also correlate the signals being sent to the buyers with some price proposals for them. This introduces additional challenges compared to standard settings. We consider two cases: the one where the seller can only send signals publicly visible to all buyers, and the case in which the seller can privately send a different signal to each buyer. As a first step, we prove that, in both settings, the problem of maximizing the seller's revenue does not admit an FPTAS unless P=NP, even for basic instances with a single buyer. As a result, in the rest of the paper, we focus on designing PTASs. In order to do so, we first introduce a unifying framework encompassing both public and private signaling, whose core result is a decomposition lemma that allows focusing on a finite set of possible buyers' posteriors. This forms the basis on which our PTASs are developed. In particular, in the public signaling setting, our PTAS employs some ad hoc techniques based on linear programming, while our PTAS for the private setting relies on the ellipsoid method to solve an exponentially-sized LP in polynomial time. In the latter case, we need a custom approximate separation oracle, which we implement with a dynamic programming approach.
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Wang, Ruqu. "Bargaining versus posted-price selling." European Economic Review 39, no. 9 (December 1995): 1747–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)90043-8.

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Chang, Chunwei, and Shengli Li. "Study of Price Determinants of Sharing Economy-Based Accommodation Services: Evidence from Airbnb.com." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 584–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16040035.

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This research aims to identify price determinants for sharing economy-based accommodation services and to further use the identified price determinants to predict accommodation prices. A dataset drawn from Airbnb.com, was collected for analysis. We identify price determinants from five categories. The top five price determinants are identified as room type, city, distance to tourist attractions, number of pictures posted, and number of amenities provided. More importantly, we find that interaction effects between variables can also significantly influence price. Finally, a series of price prediction models are built based on the identified price determinants.
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Anwar, Sajid, and Mingli Zheng. "Posted price selling and online auctions." Games and Economic Behavior 90 (March 2015): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2014.11.005.

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Davis, Douglas D., and Charles A. Holt. "Price rigidities and institutional variations in markets with posted prices." Economic Theory 9, no. 1 (February 1997): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01213443.

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Davis, Douglas D., and Charles A. Holt. "Price rigidities and institutional variations in markets with posted prices." Economic Theory 9, no. 1 (December 13, 1996): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001990050110.

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Chowdhury, Subhasish M., Debabrata Datta, and Souvik Dhar. "Auction Versus Posted Price Mechanisms in Online Sales: The Roles of Impatience and Dissuasion." Studies in Microeconomics 7, no. 1 (June 2019): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321022219838177.

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If all potential buyers participate in a first-price auction, then (theoretically) the auction price weakly exceeds the price placed by the seller under a posted price mechanism. However, it is documented that in online sales sellers prefer posted price mechanism to auction. We aim to explain this empirical contradiction in terms of partial participation of the buyers in auction, prompted by impatience and dissuasion. Auction on Internet often requires waiting, and hence, many impatient participants may not join the auction process. Furthermore, a previous experience of failure in auction may also prompt buyers’ non-participation. We show, theoretically, that in the case of partial participation, the price in auction may be lower; posted price turns out to be payoff dominant for both the buyers and the sellers. We then run a laboratory experiment and verify the presence of impatience (through waiting cost) and dissuasion factor (through previous failure) among the subjects.
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Engel, Yagil, and Moshe Tennenholtz. "Posted Prices Exchange for Display Advertising Contracts." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i1.8656.

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We propose a new market design for display advertising contracts, based on posted prices. Our model and algorithmic framework address several major challenges: (i) the space of possible impression types is exponential in the number of attributes, which is typically large, therefore a complete price space cannot be maintained; (ii) advertisers are usually unable or reluctant to provide extensive demand (willingness-to-pay) functions, (iii) the levels of detail with which supply and demand are specified are often not identical.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Posted price"

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Seifert, Stefan. "Posted price offers in internet auction markets." Berlin ; New York : Springer, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35268-6.

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Seifert, Stefan. "Posted price offers in internet auction markets with 21 tables." Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2815025&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Song, Siqi. "Three essays on shilling, herding and scoring, in posted-price and auction markets." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21535/.

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In this thesis, I focus on the purchasing environments of eBay’s online platform and Christie’s live auctions. In chapter 2, I investigate the presence of seller squeeze-shilling behaviour on eBay’s smart-phone auctions. First, I present theoretical proofs to show that opportunistic sellers have the robust incentive to place shill bids in their own auctions, under both a private-valuation and an affiliated-valuation paradigm. Then I empirically prove the existence of squeeze shilling on the eBay platform. My findings show that the eBay proxy bidding system and the user agreement of retraction provides an excellent environment for opportunistic sellers to conduct squeeze shilling and extract extra profits. In chapter 3, I examine consumer herding behaviour in eBay posted-price listings using data from the iPhone screen protector market. I find that the cumulative number of total historical sales shown on the listings page is the essential trigger of herding behaviour. I find that, for listings with the advantage of the ‘herding effect’, the sellers of these listings have the incentive to manipulate the purchasing environment by increasing the posted price to extract extra profits. In chapter 4, I investigate the determinants of bidder’s valuation in wine auctions at Christie’s. I estimate the bidder’s valuation distribution using an indirect inference approach. I find that the parameter, wine score, is the crucial structural parameter that characterizes the bidder’s valuation distribution. By using the structural estimator, I estimate the optimal reserve price for each auction and simulate winning bids and find that the reserve price set by Christie’s is not optimal.
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CESARI, TOMMASO RENATO. "ALGORITHMS, LEARNING, AND OPTIMIZATION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/699354.

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This thesis covers some algorithmic aspects of online machine learning and optimization. In Chapter 1 we design algorithms with state-of-the-art regret guarantees for the problem dynamic pricing. In Chapter 2 we move on to an asynchronous online learning setting in which only some of the agents in the network are active at each time step. We show that when information is shared among neighbors, knowledge about the graph structure might have a significantly different impact on learning rates depending on how agents are activated. In Chapter 3 we investigate the online problem of multivariate non-concave maximization under weak assumptions on the regularity of the objective function. In Chapter 4 we introduce a new performance measure and design an efficient algorithm to learn optimal policies in repeated A/B testing.
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Karl, Estupinan Claudio. "Three essays on the economics of the postal sector." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209834.

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This dissertation contributes to the literature and current discussions on the European postal markets and the universal service obligations (USO). It consists of three independent chapters.

In chapter one, we investigate the consumers' preferences for various kinds of postal services. As such, we begin by reviewing the market and regulatory conditions for Europe and for our case study, Belgium. Then using data provided by the incumbent provider, the Belgian post (Bpost), we estimate demand price elasticities. The data comprises customer transactional information on letter mail, direct mail, parcels & express services, press delivery and value added services for the 2008-2009 period. These categories constitute not only the important lines of services that Bpost offers to its clients but also the main segments that constitute the whole Belgian postal market. As such, and using standard methods, we estimate for each service an equation that explains demand by prices, product varieties (i.e. mixes or combinations of volume, weight, priority and destination, inter alia), income, regulation proxies and other socioeconomic variables. The estimated price elasticities for regulated and partially regulated services are around -1.1, whereas for unregulated segments they fluctuate between -2.1 and -2.8. The lowest price elasticity is obtained for direct mail services (-1.0); the highest ones are associated with value added services (-2.1) and registered mail (-3.3). Price elasticities may be influenced by the cyclical effects during the period of analysis. Therefore, elasticities are higher when compared with the empirical evidence obtained for other countries and through the various methodologies applied over the last decades. The fact that technological substitutes, such as expenditures on telephony and internet access for daily and administrative mail services and, radio and television advertising for direct mail services, could not be accounted for (because there were no data available) may however be considered as a major limitation for the scope of our results.

In the second chapter, we explore theoretically the effects of the USO on unregulated markets. In particular, we are interested in investigating its welfare effects when the provision of services cannot be technologically separated. We present a model in which there is an incumbent who provides two services: a universal service and a non-USO service, the latter opened to competition. This is the case of letter mail and direct (or bulk) mail, services which have quite different purposes and regulatory frameworks (i.e. the former is fully regulated whereas the latter is liberalized under the current European Internal Market framework), but are jointly produce at some stages of the postal value chain. The USO is simplified to two dimensions, affordability and quality, implemented as a price cap and a minimum quality standard (MQS) for the provision of letter mail services. The latter involves the technological aspects that we are interested in. We find that the definition of the USO plays an important role in organizing markets that are open to competition. When it imposes few quality requirements (low MQS), the incumbent is not cost efficient enough to provide the high-quality variant of bulk mail, allowing its competitors to cream-skim the segment. However, because there are cost economies, the firm's participation in the segment yields a higher average quality of mail services at lower prices. When the USO is too comprehensive (high MQS), the incumbent exhibits large cost economies that ensure a dominant position in the provision of bulk mail services. Consumers are worse off as competition induces too much service differentiation in order to make profitable the provision. Relaxing the definition of the USO mitigates the competitive advantage of the USP and so, yields improvements in welfare. In the absence of access costs, firms will find profitable to participate in the bulk mail segment. However, foreclosure happens if the USO induces the incumbent to exhibit significant fixed costs. Therefore, the USP may end up as the sole supplier of bulk mail services if the definition of the USO imposes too many quality requirements (high MQS). In that case, the authority must balance the welfare gains of defining USO with the welfare losses of the consumers of the contested service.

Finally, in the third chapter we consider the ownership aspect of the provision of universal services as an incentive to introduce competition. One can further segment the provision between services for customers located in high-cost areas and services for customers located in low-cost areas. Additionally, under the current EU legislation, the supply is divided between upstream activities (e.g. collection and sorting) and downstream activities (i.e. delivery). The provision of upstream activities in high-cost areas remains in hands of the incumbent firm or the owner of the downstream (delivery) network. The upstream provision in low-cost areas is open to competition, but a retailer may be vertically integrated/separated or legally unbundled with the downstream firm. Legal unbundling means, in our model, that the downstream firm and one upstream firm located in the low-cost area belong legally to the same entity entitled to all profits, whom does not have full control rights over the firms' decisions. That is to say, upstream activities and the downstream services will be managed separately under the same ownership. In this framework we analyze the firm's boundaries in terms of competition development and welfare. We implement two criteria to answer questions like, does vertical separation promotes competition (entry of firms) while covers a larger demand than vertical integration? Does vertical integration demand less public funds to cover demand? Does legal unbundling is worse than ownership separation to promote competition? The first criterion is the probability of entry (of the potential upstream firm), which we determine for each modes of ownership. The second criterion is the cost of public funds. It is implemented by defining a loss function as the difference between the expected consumer surplus when the downstream firm chooses an access fee that maximizes its profits and the consumer surplus when access is priced at marginal cost. The use of both criteria let us conclude that efficient entry occurs when the downstream firm is vertically separated or legally unbundled of the retailer providing services in the low-cost area. However, it is under legal unbundling that the access charge takes its lowest value. The highest cost of public transfers is obtained when firms are vertically separated, but the lowest one is attained when firms are legally unbundled. Therefore legal unbundling constitutes the preferred organizational form to induce competition and to reduce the cost of public funds.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Troël, Arnaud. "Prise en compte de la mobilité dans les interactions de proximité entre terminaux à profils hétérogènes." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10012.

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Les progrès conjoints de l'informatique mobile et des technologies de communication sans fil ont permis l'émergence d'un nouveau type de terminal, à la fois mobile et communicant. D'abord possibles au sein de réseaux cellulaires, des échanges peuvent à présent être réalisés directement entre des terminaux physiquement proches. L'objectif de cette thèse est de s'appuyer sur la mobilité constatée des terminaux pour permettre la représentation de leur voisinage physique, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des terminaux à portée de communication, en dépit des différents profils, tant du point de vue de leurs mouvements que de leur portée de communication. Notre approche s'articule selon deux axes principaux. Nous présentons tout d'abord un protocole de détection permettant la représentation des relations de voisinage. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode de cadencement automatique de l'émission des messages de ce protocole en fonction de la mobilité relative des terminaux voisins.
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Andorre-Gruet, Valérie. "Approche chronopsychologique de la prise de poste et de la surveillance d'un processus dynamique continu." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20033.

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Cette these repose sur l'analyse ergonomique du controle d'un processus chimique continu, en situation nominale. Elle repond a une demande sociale relevant, d'une part, de l'impact des technologies de traitement de l'information pour la conduite de process et d'autre part, des interrogations en matiere d'organisation du temps de travail. Dans ce contexte, la supervision peut donc etre caracterisee par la predominance des activites mentales et le recours au travail en equipes (travail poste). Du point de vue cognitif, elle consiste a anticiper l'evolution du systeme et a se tenir pret a agir a tout moment, en se referant a la representation de l'etat du systeme construite en debut de poste. Du point de vue chronopsychologique, certaines composantes de ces activites varient en fonction des horaires de travail. Notre but est de montrer que la supervision resulte de l'interaction entre les contraintes chronobiologiques et les exigences cognitives differentes lors de la prise de poste et de la surveillance. Les prises d'information, support de l'activite des controleurs en salle de controle, ont ete relevees en continu pendant 18 factions de 8 heures, de jour comme de nuit. L'analyse revele la specificite de la prise de poste au niveau quantitatif (pic prononce de consultations se prolongeant pendant au moins 90 mn) et qualitatif (recours privilegie a certains formats de page-ecran). Quant a la surveillance, variable en fonction du niveau de vigilance, elle repose sur une forte selection de l'information privilegiant les etapes critiques de la fabrication. Elle se partage aussi entre une anlayse globale et/ou detaillee de la situation. En bref, la supervision en situation nominale temoigne de l'interaction entre les contraintes cognitives de l'activite, les rythmes circadiens et la fatigue liee a la duree du poste. Nous en proposons un modele depassant la sinusoide classique des chronobiologistes trop restrictive pour rendre compte de toutes les variations observees
This thesis focused on the ergonomic analysis of supervisory activity in a continuous chemical process, on normal operation. It is based on a social request including the impact of new technologies in dynamic process control and assesments of working time. In such a context, the process supervision implies mental activities and shiftwork. From a cognitive viewpoint, it requires the anticipation of the system evolution and to be prepared to act constantly. This supposes to refer to a mental representation of the process, elaborated at the beginning of the shift. From a chronopsychological viewpoint, some components of these mental activities vary according to working hours. Our purpose is to understand the supervision organisation, and to show the interaction between chronobiological constraints and the different cognitive demands of shift takeover or supervisory activity. As essential supports of activity, controllers information gatherings were recorded on line, in the control room, over 18 night and day shifts. The results revealed the shift takeover specificity from quantitative (high rate of consultations carried on over the first 90 minutes) and qualitative viewpoints (variations in the proportions of the different screen pages format according to the shifts). During the supervisory activity (last five hours of work), the rate of information consulted varied according to the level of vigilance. They implied an important selection of information based on critical manufacture stages. They could also correspond to a global or/and a detailed analysis of the situation. To sum up, on normal operation, the supervision attested to the interaction between activity cognitive constraints, circadian rhythms and strain due to the shift duration. We then proposed a model exceeding the classical sinusoid of chronobiologists, too restricted to account for all the variations observed
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Horton, Melanie. "Propaganda, Pride and Prejudice : Revisiting the Empire Marketing Board Posters at Manchester City Galleries." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520788.

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What happens when an art museum decides to investigate the 'legacies of empire' through an explicitly colonial collection? And what happens when the 'outsider' asked to do this research holds an investigative mirror up to the museum's own history and cultural practices? This thesis presents findings from practice-led collaborative research into Manchester City Galleries' (MCG) collection of Empire Marketing Board (EMB) posters. The Empire Marketing Board (1926-33) was an early experiment in British peacetime governmental propaganda. 222 of its artist-designed posters were collected by Manchester's City Art Gallery in the 1930s as examples of art's benefit to industry but have remained little known or used since. This study of them used an innovative methodology, based on a rich mix of anthropology, museological theory, visual analysis, historical investigation and community consultation, to revisit their history, ascribe new meaning to their significance and examine their interpretive potential from a postcolonial perspective. The posters' contextual history was situated in theoretical terms amongst what Tony Bennett (1995a) has described as an 'exhibitionary complex', however, the meanings that they generated when re-presented through this research, suggested that this context still influences understandings of them. This thesis describes a series of new relationships developed between the EMB poster collection, MCG and its public today. It presents a broadly expressive understanding of the posters in their current, postcolonial context, revealing rich insights into their meaning-making potential. Yet, it also highlights a contradiction that staff working in art museums face when attempting to approach colonial histories from a postcolonial perspective. It brings attention to the restrictive tensions that condition understandings of material culture representing colonial 'self' identity and reveals 'invisible' aspects of institutional culture and identity that impeded engagement with this research. Overall, this thesis concludes that the 'legacies of empire' encountered in this research actually lay within 'ourselves', demonstrated through articulations and individual negotiations of colonial traces within an art museum context. What happens when an art museum decides to investigate the 'legacies of empire' through an explicitly colonial collection? And what happens when the 'outsider' asked to do this research holds an investigative mirror up to the museum's own history and cultural practices? This thesis presents findings from practice-led collaborative research into Manchester City Galleries' (MCG) collection of Empire Marketing Board (EMB) posters. The Empire Marketing Board (1926-33) was an early experiment in British peacetime governmental propaganda. 222 of its artist-designed posters were collected by Manchester's City Art Gallery in the 1930s as examples of art's benefit to industry but have remained little known or used since. This study of them used an innovative methodology, based on a rich mix of anthropology, museological theory, visual analysis, historical investigation and community consultation, to revisit their history, ascribe new meaning to their significance and examine their interpretive potential from a postcolonial perspective. The posters' contextual history was situated in theoretical terms amongst what Tony Bennett (1995a) has described as an 'exhibitionary complex', however, the meanings that they generated when re-presented through this research, suggested that this context still influences understandings of them. This thesis describes a series of new relationships developed between the EMB poster collection, MCG and its public today. It presents a broadly expressive understanding of the posters in their current, postcolonial context, revealing rich insights into their meaning-making potential. Yet, it also highlights a contradiction that staff working in art museums face when attempting to approach colonial histories from a postcolonial perspective. It brings attention to the restrictive tensions that condition understandings of material culture representing colonial 'self' identity and reveals 'invisible' aspects of institutional culture and identity that impeded engagement with this research. Overall, this thesis concludes that the 'legacies of empire' encountered in this research actually lay within 'ourselves', demonstrated through articulations and individual negotiations of colonial traces within an art museum context.
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Kebair, Fahem. "Modélisation multiagent de postes de commande coordonnateurs de prise de décisions stratégiques : application au système de simulation de RoboCupRescue." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0011.

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La prévention et la gestion des risques est l'un des verrous scientifiques les plus importants qui se posent actuellement. Les systèmes d'aide à la décision représentent l'une des solutions la plus appropriée pour ce type de problème. Cependant, la plus part des systèmes proposés jusqu'à présent sont dédiés à des cas particuliers et sont peu ou pas adaptables à de nouveaux sujets d'études et ne supportent pas suffisamment les situations complexes. Notre travail de recherche se place dans ce cadre et plus particulièrement dans le domaine de la gestion des risques majeurs. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une modélisation et une structuration d'un système multiagent d'aide à la décision pour la détection et la gestion des risques dans des situations d'urgence. La particularité de ce système est qu'il est flexible et partiellement générique, de façon à ce qu'il puisse être adapté et appliqué à des applications diverses dans des domaines variés. De plus il est adaptatif, ce qui fait qu'il peut changer son comportement de façon autonome afin de s'adapter au changement de son environnement. Dans notre démarche, il est indispensable d'effectuer divers tests de validation sur des applications relativement variées. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons choisit d'appliquer notre approche sur un scénario de crise à travers le projet-concours de RoboCupRescue
The topic of risk prevention and management is a relevant research issue raised by the scientific community currently. Decision support systems represent an appropriate solution to deal with this kind of problem. However, the majority of the systems proposed so far are addressed to particular cases and are not sufficiently adaptable to new subjects of studies, and do not support complex situations sufficiently. Our research work addresses this challenge and focus specifically on the major risks management. In this thesis, we propose a modelling and a structuring of a multiagent decision support system for detecting and managing risks in emergency situations. The system is flexible and partially generic, so it can be adapted and applied to different applications in various domains. To validate our approach, we need to make diverse tests on relatively varied applications. In the framework of this thesis, we choose the RoboCupRescue project as a test bed
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Pousson, Alain. "La capacité juridique partielle à propos de l'organisation du service des chèques postaux dans les pays de la C. E. E." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D014.

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Books on the topic "Posted price"

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Wang, Ruqu. Auctions versus posted-price selling. Kingston, Ont: Institute for Economic Research, Queenś University, 1991.

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Wang, Ruqu. Auctions versus posted-price selling. Kingston, Ont: Institute for Economic Research, Queenś University, 1991.

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Murray, G. Douglas. The post office on Prince Edward Island (1787-1990). Charlottetown, P.E.I: The author, 1990.

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Ashton, Jim. Jim Ashton's serial poster price guide. [U.S.]: J. Ashton, 1989.

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Davis, Douglas D. Supra-competitive prices and market prices in posted-offer experiments. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1990.

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Maja, Bošković-Stulli, ed. Žito posred mora: Usmene priče iz Dalmacije. Split: Književni krug, 1993.

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Cecchetti, Stephen G. Measuring the macroeconomic risks posed by asset price booms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Cecchetti, Stephen G. Measuring the macroeconomic risks posed by asset price booms. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Warren, Jon R. Warren's movie poster price guide: Complete index and price guide to movie posters : 1930-1959. San Bernardino, Calif: R. Reginald/Borgo Press, 1986.

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United States Postal Service. Office of Inspector General. Analysis of postal price elasticities. Arlington, VA: Office of Inspector General, United States Postal Service, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Posted price"

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Adamczyk, Marek, Allan Borodin, Diodato Ferraioli, Bart de Keijzer, and Stefano Leonardi. "Sequential Posted Price Mechanisms with Correlated Valuations." In Web and Internet Economics, 1–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48995-6_1.

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Funk, Burkhardt. "Exploring Price Elasticity to Optimize Posted Prices in e-Commerce." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 71–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20077-9_5.

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Bender, Max, Jacob Gilbert, and Kirk Pruhs. "A Poly-log Competitive Posted-Price Algorithm for Online Metrical Matching on a Spider." In Fundamentals of Computation Theory, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86593-1_5.

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Rhuggenaath, Jason, Paulo Roberto de Oliveira da Costa, Yingqian Zhang, Alp Akcay, and Uzay Kaymak. "Low-Regret Algorithms for Strategic Buyers with Unknown Valuations in Repeated Posted-Price Auctions." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 416–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67661-2_25.

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Speckbacher, Walpurga A. K. "Price Caps for Postal Service." In Commercialization of Postal and Delivery Services: National and International Perspectives, 165–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2784-8_11.

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Treworgy, David E., Thomas M. Sharkey, David R. Fronk, and Michael J. Kehoe. "Price-Cap Regulation in the Postal Sector." In Emerging Competition in Postal and Delivery Services, 335–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5122-2_21.

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Crew, Michael A., and Paul R. Kleindorfer. "Quality and Price Differentiation in Postal Service." In Die Zukunft der Postdienste in Europa, 49–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48111-6_4.

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da Silva, Luis Correia, Paul Dudley, Leonardo Mautino, and Sophie Richard. "RPI — X Price Control Regulation in the Postal Sector." In Competitive Transformation of the Postal and Delivery Sector, 143–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8915-4_7.

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Bzhilyanskaya, Lyudmila Y., Margaret M. Cigno, and Edward S. Pearsall. "A Branching AIDS Model for Estimating U.S. Postal Price Elasticities." In Postal and Delivery Innovation in the Digital Economy, 91–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12874-0_8.

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des Varannes, S. Bruley. "Prise en charge de la dyspepsie fonctionnelle." In Post’U FMC-HGE, 65–74. Paris: Springer Paris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0237-4_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Posted price"

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Hu, Zehong, and Jie Zhang. "Optimal Posted-Price Mechanism in Microtask Crowdsourcing." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/33.

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Posted-price mechanisms are widely-adopted to decide the price of tasks in popular microtask crowdsourcing. In this paper, we propose a novel posted-price mechanism which not only outperforms existing mechanisms on performance but also avoids their need of a finite price range. The advantages are achieved by converting the pricing problem into a multi-armed bandit problem and designing an optimal algorithm to exploit the unique features of microtask crowdsourcing. We theoretically show the optimality of our algorithm and prove that the performance upper bound can be achieved without the need of a prior price range. We also conduct extensive experiments using real price data to verify the advantages and practicability of our mechanism.
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Boodaghians, Shant, Federico Fusco, Stefano Leonardi, Yishay Mansour, and Ruta Mehta. "Online Revenue Maximization for Server Pricing." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/568.

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Efficient and truthful mechanisms to price time on remote servers/machines have been the subject of much work in recent years due to the importance of the cloud market. This paper considers online revenue maximization for a unit capacity server, when jobs are non preemptive, in the Bayesian setting: at each time step, one job arrives, with parameters drawn from an underlying distribution. We design an efficiently computable truthful posted price mechanism, which maximizes revenue in expectation and in retrospect, up to additive error. The prices are posted prior to learning the agent's type, and the computed pricing scheme is deterministic. We also show the pricing mechanism is robust to learning the job distribution from samples, where polynomially many samples suffice to obtain near optimal prices.
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Sekar, Shreyas. "Posted Pricing sans Discrimination." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/55.

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In the quest for market mechanisms that are easy to implement, yet close to optimal, few seem as viable as posted pricing. Despite the growing body of impressive results, the performance of most posted price mechanisms however, rely crucially on "price discrimination" when multiple copies of a good are available. For the more general case with non-linear production costs on each good, hardly anything is known for general multi-good markets. With this in mind, we study the problem of social welfare maximization in a Bayesian setting where the seller can produce any number of copies of a good but faces convex production costs for the same. Our central contribution is a structured framework for decision making and static item pricing in the face of uncertainty and production costs, i.e., the seller decides how much to produce and posts a single price per good that is common to all buyers, the buyers arrive sequentially and purchase utility maximizing bundles of goods. The framework yields constant factor approximations to the optimum welfare when buyer valuations are fractionally subadditive, extends to more general valuations and also settings where the seller is completely oblivious to buyer valuations. Our work presents the first known results for non-discriminatory pricing in environments with non-linear costs where we only have access to stochastic information regarding buyer preferences. At a high level, our results imply that it is often possible to obtain good guarantees without discriminating against buyers, i.e., charging them differently for the same good.
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Zhang, E., and Zhuo Yi-qin. "Online advertising channel choice — Posted price vs. auction." In 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2011.6069981.

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Bhattacharyya, Malay, and Sankar Kumar Mridha. "Studying the influence of requesters in posted-price crowdsourcing." In CoDS-COMAD '18: The ACM India Joint International Conference on Data Science & Management of Data. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3152494.3152495.

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Correa, José, Patricio Foncea, Ruben Hoeksma, Tim Oosterwijk, and Tjark Vredeveld. "Posted Price Mechanisms for a Random Stream of Customers." In EC '17: ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3033274.3085137.

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Huang, Shiwei, Changyan Yi, and Jun Cai. "A Sequential Posted Price Mechanism for D2D Content Sharing Communications." In GLOBECOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7841547.

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Ferreira, Matheus V. X., Daniel J. Moroz, David C. Parkes, and Mitchell Stern. "Dynamic posted-price mechanisms for the blockchain transaction-fee market." In AFT '21: 3rd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479722.3480991.

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Lai, Wen-Hsiang, Pavol Polacek, and Chih-Wei Huang. "A Posted-Price Auction for Heterogeneous Spectrum Sharing under Budget Constraints." In 9th EAI International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies (formerly BIONETICS). ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.3-12-2015.2262496.

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Chen, Shengli, and Xiaodong Liu. "Analyzing the Consumers' Decision When Simultaneous Use of Auction and Posted Price." In 2010 International Conference on Logistics Engineering and Intelligent Transportation Systems (LEITS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leits.2010.5664994.

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Reports on the topic "Posted price"

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Cecchetti, Stephen. Measuring the Macroeconomic Risks Posed by Asset Price Booms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12542.

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Rosenblatt, David, Khamal Clayton, Henry Mooney, Cloe Ortiz de Mendívil, Ariel McCaskie, Victor Gauto, Anna-Kaye Walters, Monique Graham, Gisele Teixeira, and Nirvana Satnarine-Singh. Caribbean Economics Quarterly: Volume 11, Issue 3: Headwinds Facing The Post-Pandemic Recovery. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004643.

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Just as Caribbean economies are emerging from the sharp recessions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a confluence of external shocks now complicates the recovery. Commodity prices started rising in late 2021, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in late February of this year disrupted supplies and led to further price increases. The macroeconomic effects are varied across the Caribbean, depending on each country's trade specialization. However, households across the region are feeling the impact on their purchasing power. In addition, the normalization of monetary policy in global financial centers is increasing the cost of external borrowing for governments, with knock-on effects for borrowing costs for firms and households. This edition of the Caribbean Economics Quarterly provides a regional overview of the impacts of these external shocks, as well as country chapters that provide more detailed country-level information.
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Filip, Grażyna, and Justyna Majchrowska. Internet Post as an Element of E-Branding. Linguistic Analysis. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11401.

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E-branding of Lidl brand is a wide-ranging marketing strategy, which purpose is to keep the current customers and gain new. The authors of advertisments posts, that includes information regarding a specific product (name, information about it, price, reason of showcasing in the specific moment), use semantic (mostly nature, price, tradition, modernity, comfort, luxury), grammatical and non-linguistic categories to convince the receivers to themselves. Such communicational process enables also to read the needs of customers, who – by liking the brand’s page – want (actively) to participate in the whole sales process, want to be informed and to have a chance to use the offer.
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Hajdini, Ina, Edward S. Knotek, John Leer, Mathieu O. Pedemonte, Robert W. Rich, and Raphael S. Schoenle. Indirect Consumer Inflation Expectations: Theory and Evidence. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202235.

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Based on indirect utility theory, we introduce a novel methodology of measuring inflation expectations indirectly. This methodology starts at the individual level, asking consumers about the change in income required to buy the same amounts of goods and services one year ahead. Analytically, our methodology possesses smaller ex-post aggregate inflation forecast errors relative to forecasts based on conventional survey questions. We ask this question in a large-scale, high-frequency survey of consumers in the US and 14 countries, and we show that indirect consumer inflation expectations perform well along several empirical dimensions. Exploiting the geographically detailed, high-frequency variation in the data, we then show that individual experiences matter for inflation expectations, in a nuanced way. For example, age and gender have different effects internationally, while individual inflation and local experiences are generally highly relevant. In an application to gasoline price changes, we identify large effects of experienced gasoline price changes on inflation expectations, characterized by both overreaction and persistence.
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Frydman, Roman, and Nicholas Mangee. Expectations Concordance and Stock Market Volatility: Knightian Uncertainty in the Year of the Pandemic. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp164.

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This study introduces a novel index based on expectations concordance for explaining stock-price volatility when historically unique events cause unforeseeable change and Knightian uncertainty in the process driving outcomes. Expectations concordance measures the degree to which nonrepetitive events are associated with directionally similar expectations of future returns. Narrative analytics of daily news reports allow for assessment of bullish versus bearish views in the stock market. Increases in expectations concordance across all KU events leads to reinforcing effects and an increase in stock market volatility. Lower expectations concordance produces a stabilizing effect wherein the offsetting views reduce market volatility. The empirical findings hold for ex post and ex ante measures of volatility and for OLS and GARCH estimates.
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Verbrugge, Randal J., and Saeed Zaman. Post-COVID Inflation Dynamics: Higher for Longer. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202306.

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In the December 2022 Summary of Economic Projections (SEP), the median projection for four-quarter core PCE inflation in the fourth quarter of 2025 is 2.1 percent. This same SEP has unemployment rising by nine-tenths, to 4.6 percent, by the end of 2023. We assess the plausibility of this projection using a specific nonlinear model that embeds an empirically successful nonlinear Phillips curve specification into a structural model, identifying it via an underutilized data-dependent method. We model core PCE inflation using three components that align with those noted by Chair Powell in his December 14, 2022, press conference: housing, core goods, and core-services-less-housing. Our model projects that conditional on the SEP unemployment rate path and a rapid deceleration of core goods prices, core PCE inflation moderates to only 2.75 percent by the end of 2025: inflation will be higher for longer. A deep recession would be necessary to achieve the SEP’s projected inflation path. A simple reduced-form welfare analysis, which abstracts from any danger of inflation expectations becoming unanchored, suggests that such a recession would not be optimal.
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Benton, Tim, Antony Froggatt, Laura Wellesley, Owen Grafham, Richard King, Neil Morisetti, James Nixey, and Patrick Schröder. The Ukraine war and threats to food and energy security: Cascading risks from rising prices and supply disruptions. Royal Institute of International Affairs, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135225.

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Global resource markets are still reeling from the impacts of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine; the two countries are major suppliers of energy, food and fertilizers. Supply disruption and the sudden imposition, in response to the crisis, of unprecedented economic sanctions, trade restrictions and policy interventions have caused prices of commodities to skyrocket. Before the conflict, demand for global resources already exceeded supply and drove up prices as economies rebounded after the COVID-19 pandemic. This gave rise to a global cost-of-living crisis, characterized by increasing levels of energy and food poverty. This situation is likely to become much worse as a consequence of the war in Ukraine, and poses a threat to human security, particularly among low-income and vulnerable populations. Governments must invest now to build resilient societies and economies to meet these long-term challenges. Mitigating the most immediate harms to populations is a top priority for policymakers, but failure to keep long-term objectives in mind – climate change mitigation, in particular – can lead to bad decisions that further embed existing fragilities in economic and social systems.
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Carpenter, Marie, and William Lazonick. The Pursuit of Shareholder Value: Cisco’s Transformation from Innovation to Financialization. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp202.

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Once the global leader in telecommunication systems and the Internet, over the past two decades the United States has fallen behind global competitors, and in particular China, in mobile communication infrastructure—specifically 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). This national failure, with the socioeconomic and geopolitical tensions that it creates, is not due to a lack of US government investment in the knowledge required for the mobility revolution. Nor is it because of a dearth of domestic demand for the equipment, devices, and applications that can make use of this infrastructure. Rather, the problem is the dereliction of key US-based business corporations to take the lead in making the investments in organizational learning required to generate cutting edge communication-infrastructure products. No company in the United States exemplifies this deficiency more than Cisco Systems, the business corporation founded in Silicon Valley in 1984 that had explosive growth in the 1990s to become the foremost global enterprise-networking equipment producer in the Internet revolution. This paper provides in-depth analysis of Cisco’s organizational failure, attributing it ultimately to the company’s turn from innovation in the last decades of 20th century to financialization in the early decades of the 21st century. Since 2001, Cisco’s top management has chosen to allocate corporate cash to open-market share repurchases— aka stock buybacks—for the purpose of giving manipulative boosts to the company stock price rather than make the investments in organizational learning required to become a world leader in communication-infrastructure equipment for the era of 5G and IoT. From October 2001 through October 2022, Cisco spent $152.3 billion—95 percent of its net income over the period—on stock buybacks for the purpose of propping up its stock price. These funds wasted in pursuit of “maximizing shareholder value” were on top of the $55.5 billion that Cisco paid out to shareholders in dividends, representing an additional 35 percent of net income. In this paper, we trace how Cisco grew from a Silicon Valley startup in 1984 to become, through its innovative products, the world leader in enterprise-networking equipment over the next decade and a half. As the company entered the 21st century, building on its dominance of enterprise-networking, Cisco was positioned to upgrade its technological capabilities to become a major infrastructureequipment vendor to service providers. We analyze how and why, when the Internet boom turned to bust in 2001, the organizational structure that enabled Cisco to dominate enterprise networking posed constraints related to manufacturing and marketing on the company’s growth in the more sophisticated infrastructure-equipment segment. We then document how from 2002 Cisco turned from innovation to financialization, as it used its ample profits to do stock buybacks to prop up its stock price. Finally, we ponder the larger policy implications of Cisco’s turn from innovation to financialization for the competitive position of the US information-and-communication technology (ICT) industry in the global economy.
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Bouguerra, Zohra, Neus Tirado, Ahmed Ben Nejma, Maleke Dridi, Soufia Galand, and Sarah Baraket. Et s'il y avait une grève dans les foyers ? Étude sur l’impact du travail de soins non rémunéré sur les femmes vivant en Tunisie : accès au travail, autonomisation économique et bien-être. Oxfam, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.8700.

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Le travail de soin non rémunéré désigne toutes les activités qualifiées de travaux reproductifs ou domestiques au sein des foyers sur une base non marchande. Bien que ce travail est essentiel pour l’équilibre de la société et l’épanouissement de la famille et le développement économique des pays, les normes sociales patriarcales d’un côté et les politiques sexistes de l’Etat d’un autre coté rendent ce travail sous-estimé, invisible et non reconnu. L’étude élaborée par Oxfam en Tunisie en partenariat avec AFTURD, montre que les femmes passent entre 8 et 12 heures par jour dans le travail de soin non rémunéré (dépendamment de leur âge, leur situation familiale et économique, et leur lieu de résidence), contre 45 minutes en moyenne pour les hommes. Les causes et conséquences de cette répartition inégale sont nombreuses et interreliées. En tenant compte des résultats de la recherche, et afin d’autonomiser les femmes et améliorer leurs bien-être, Oxfam recommande de : reconnaitre la travail de soins non rémunéré en tant que travail, de réduire le fardeau qu’il constitue, de redistribuer plus équitablement les responsabilités associées entre les hommes et les femmes, au sein des ménages, et entre les ménages, l’État et le secteur privé, et de garantir la représentation des personnes prenant en charge les activités de soins dans les postes de prise de décision et de leadership.
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Lawrence, David. UK trade and the war in Ukraine. Royal Institute of International Affairs, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135379.

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- The UK is less exposed to the direct effects of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine than its European neighbours. However, the indirect and longer-term effects of the war on UK trade could still be significant. - Inflationary pressure worldwide will contribute to price rises in the UK, particularly for food and energy. The ongoing effects of both Brexit – which has caused cross-border supply frictions and worker shortages – and the COVID-19 pandemic – which led to pent-up domestic demand and further reduced the labour force – will only increase this upward pressure. - The war has prompted increased scrutiny of London’s role as a centre for kleptocratic wealth from Russia and elsewhere, and has lead the UK government to impose sanctions against Russian-linked individuals and companies. This could impact inward investment directly, through legal restrictions on business activities, or indirectly, by indicating that the UK is no longer open to trade with certain countries. - In the longer term, post-war Ukraine’s future status and trading relationship with the EU could affect the UK, as the process of defining Ukraine’s position with regard to the EU may encourage Brussels to revisit its relations with the UK or even to explore alternative models for other non-member countries on the EU’s periphery. - A renewed focus on European security could also encourage the UK and EU to improve trade, security and political ties. The need to enhance security closer to home may also cause the UK to rethink the ‘Indo-Pacific tilt’ outlined in the 2021 Integrated Review.
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