Journal articles on the topic 'Postbiotics'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Postbiotics.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Postbiotics.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Thorakkattu, Priyamvada, Anandu Chandra Khanashyam, Kartik Shah, Karthik Sajith Babu, Anjaly Shanker Mundanat, Aiswariya Deliephan, Gitanjali S. Deokar, Chalat Santivarangkna, and Nilesh Prakash Nirmal. "Postbiotics: Current Trends in Food and Pharmaceutical Industry." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 3094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193094.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotics are non-viable bacterial products or metabolic byproducts produced by probiotic microorganisms that have biologic activity in the host. Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds, generated in a matrix during anaerobic fermentation of organic nutrients like prebiotics, for the generation of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. The byproducts of this metabolic sequence are called postbiotics, these are low molecular weight soluble compounds either secreted by live microflora or released after microbial cell lysis. A few examples of widely studied postbiotics are short-chain fatty acids, microbial cell fragments, extracellular polysaccharides, cell lysates, teichoic acid, vitamins, etc. Presently, prebiotics and probiotics are the products on the market; however, postbiotics are also gaining a great deal of attention. The numerous health advantages of postbiotic components may soon lead to an increase in consumer demand for postbiotic supplements. The most recent research aspects of postbiotics in the food and pharmaceutical industries are included in this review. The review encompasses a brief introduction, classification, production technologies, characterization, biological activities, and potential applications of postbiotics.
2
Park, Miri, Minji Joung, Jae-Ho Park, Sang Keun Ha, and Ho-Young Park. "Role of Postbiotics in Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183701.
Full textAbstract:
Although the prevalence of metabolic disorders has progressively increased over the past few decades, metabolic disorders can only be effectively treated with calorie restriction and improved physical activity. Recent research has focused on altering the gut microbiome using prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics because various metabolic syndromes are caused by gut microbial dysbiosis. Postbiotics, substances produced or released by microorganism metabolic activities, play an important role in maintaining and restoring host health. Because postbiotics have a small amount of literature on their consumption, there is a need for more experiments on short- and long-term intake. This review discusses current postbiotic research, categories of postbiotics, positive roles in metabolic syndromes, and potential therapeutic applications. It covers postbiotic pleiotropic benefits, such as anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive qualities, that could aid in the management of metabolic disorders. Postbiotics are promising tools for developing health benefits and therapeutic goals owing to their clinical, technical, and economic properties. Postbiotic use is attractive for altering the microbiota; however, further studies are needed to determine efficacy and safety.
3
Izuddin, Wan Ibrahim, Ali Merzza Humam, Teck Chwen Loh, Hooi Ling Foo, and Anjas Asmara Samsudin. "Dietary Postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Improves Serum and Ruminal Antioxidant Activity and Upregulates Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes and Ruminal Barrier Function in Post-Weaning Lambs." Antioxidants 9, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030250.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotics from Lactobacillus plantarum have been reported to improve growth performance, nutrient utilization, immune status and gut health in livestock. However, there is scarce information on the antioxidant activity of postbiotics and its modulation of antioxidant activity and rumen barrier function in animals. We investigated the antioxidant activity of postbiotics from L. plantarum RG14, RG11 and TL1 and dietary effects in post-weaning lambs on serum and ruminal antioxidant activity, hepatic antioxidant enzymes and ruminal barrier function. Postbiotic RG14 showed the highest antioxidant activity in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay and was chosen to be evaluated in animal trials. Twelve post-weaning Dorper lambs were allotted to the control group and postbiotic group (0.9% (v/w) postbiotic RG14). The improvement in antioxidant activity of the postbiotic group was observed by greater glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in serum and ruminal fluid and lower serum TBARS. The findings were strengthened by the upregulation of hepatic GPX1, GPX4 and copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) in the postbiotic group. Lambs received postbiotics had higher regulation of rumen barrier function through upregulation of tight junction protein (TJP), occludin (OCLD), claudin-1 (CLDN1) and CLDN4. The current study demonstrated that dietary postbiotics enhanced the serum and ruminal fluid antioxidant activity, reduced the serum lipid peroxidation and upregulated hepatic antioxidant enzymes and ruminal barrier function.
4
Ma, Linxi, Huaijun Tu, and Tingtao Chen. "Postbiotics in Human Health: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020291.
Full textAbstract:
In the 21st century, compressive health and functional foods are advocated by increasingly more people in order to eliminate sub-health conditions. Probiotics and postbiotics have gradually become the focus of scientific and nutrition communities. With the maturity and wide application of probiotics, the safety concerns and other disadvantages are non-negligible as we review here. As new-era products, postbiotics continue to have considerable potential as well as plentiful drawbacks to optimize. “Postbiotic” has been defined as a “preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. Here, the evolution of the concept “postbiotics” is reviewed. The underlying mechanisms of postbiotic action are discussed. Current insight suggests that postbiotics exert efficacy through protective modulation, fortifying the epithelial barrier and modulation of immune responses. Finally, we provide an overview of the comparative advantages and the current application in the food industry at pharmaceutical and biomedical levels.
5
Wegh, Geerlings, Knol, Roeselers, and Belzer. "Postbiotics and Their Potential Applications in Early Life Nutrition and Beyond." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 4673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194673.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds, generated in a matrix during fermentation, which may be used to promote health. The term postbiotics can be regarded as an umbrella term for all synonyms and related terms of these microbial fermentation components. Therefore, postbiotics can include many different constituents including metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial cell fractions, functional proteins, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), cell lysates, teichoic acid, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides and pili-type structures. Postbiotics is also a rather new term in the ‘-biotics’ field. Where consensus exists for the definitions of pre- and probiotics, this is not yet the case for postbiotics. Here we propose a working definition and review currently known postbiotic compounds, their proposed mechanisms, clinical evidence and potential applications. Research to date indicates that postbiotics can have direct immunomodulatory and clinically relevant effects and evidence can be found for the use of postbiotics in healthy individuals to improve overall health and to relief symptoms in a range of diseases such as infant colic and in adults atopic dermatitis and different causes of diarrhea.
6
Scott, Emma, Kim De Paepe, and Tom Van de Wiele. "Postbiotics and Their Health Modulatory Biomolecules." Biomolecules 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12111640.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotics are a new category of biotics that have the potential to confer health benefits but, unlike probiotics, do not require living cells to induce health effects and thus are not subject to the food safety requirements that apply to live microorganisms. Postbiotics are defined as a “preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. Postbiotic components include short-chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, vitamins, teichoic acids, bacteriocins, enzymes and peptides in a non-purified inactivated cell preparation. While research into postbiotics is in its infancy, there is increasing evidence that postbiotics have the potential to modulate human health. Specifically, a number of postbiotics have been shown to improve gut health by strengthening the gut barrier, reducing inflammation and promoting antimicrobial activity against gut pathogens. Additionally, research is being conducted into the potential application of postbiotics to other areas of the body, including the skin, vagina and oral cavity. The purpose of this review is to set out the current research on postbiotics, demonstrate how postbiotics are currently used in commercial products and identify a number of knowledge gaps where further research is needed to identify the potential for future applications of postbiotics.
7
Salminen, Seppo, Maria Carmen Collado, Akihito Endo, Colin Hill, Sarah Lebeer, Eamonn M. M. Quigley, Mary Ellen Sanders, et al. "The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 18, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 649–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of experts specializing in nutrition, microbial physiology, gastroenterology, paediatrics, food science and microbiology to review the definition and scope of postbiotics. The term ‘postbiotics’ is increasingly found in the scientific literature and on commercial products, yet is inconsistently used and lacks a clear definition. The purpose of this panel was to consider the scientific, commercial and regulatory parameters encompassing this emerging term, propose a useful definition and thereby establish a foundation for future developments. The panel defined a postbiotic as a “preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. Effective postbiotics must contain inactivated microbial cells or cell components, with or without metabolites, that contribute to observed health benefits. The panel also discussed existing evidence of health-promoting effects of postbiotics, potential mechanisms of action, levels of evidence required to meet the stated definition, safety and implications for stakeholders. The panel determined that a definition of postbiotics is useful so that scientists, clinical triallists, industry, regulators and consumers have common ground for future activity in this area. A generally accepted definition will hopefully lead to regulatory clarity and promote innovation and the development of new postbiotic products.
8
Badri, Dayakar, Matthew Jackson, and Renea Creech. "All fibers are not created equal: The microbiome, postbiotics, and pet health." Open Access Government 37, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-037-10631.
Full textAbstract:
The gastrointestinal microbiome comprises trillions of bacteria, and is a vitally important organ with wide ranging effects on pet health Food impacts the composition and metabolism of the microbiome, as well as the production of postbiotics, which are bioactive end products of microbial consumption of prebiotics. Postbiotics include metabolites of nutrients like fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and polysaccharides. Also gut bacteria can produce postbiotics from plant antioxidants like polyphenols. A growing body of evidence has shown that influencing postbiotic production may have beneficial effects on pet health. Soluble and insoluble fibers are commonly used sources of prebiotics in the pet food industry, some of these fibers have polyphenols bound to them. Understanding the impact of each fiber type on the microbiome composition, metabolism and postbiotic production provides insights into formulating foods that are optimal for pet health.
9
Vinderola, Gabriel, Mary Ellen Sanders, and Seppo Salminen. "The Concept of Postbiotics." Foods 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081077.
Full textAbstract:
The scientific community has proposed terms such as non-viable probiotics, paraprobiotics, ghostbiotics, heat-inactivated probiotics or, most commonly, postbiotics, to refer to inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer health benefits. This article addresses the various characteristics of different definitions of ‘postbiotics’ that have emerged over past years. In 2021, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) defined a postbiotic as “a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. This definition of postbiotic requires that the whole or components of inactivated microbes be present, with or without metabolic end products. The definition proposed by ISAPP is comprehensive enough to allow the development of postbiotics from different microorganisms, to be applied in different body sites, encouraging innovation in a promising area for any regulatory category and for companion or production animals, and plant or human health. From a technological perspective, probiotic products may contain inanimate microorganisms, which have the potential to impart a health benefit. However, their contribution to health in most cases has not been established, even if at least one probiotic has been shown to confer the same health benefit by live or inanimate cells.
10
Humam, Ali Merzza, Teck Chwen Loh, Hooi Ling Foo, Wan Ibrahim Izuddin, Elmutaz Atta Awad, Zulkifli Idrus, Anjas Asmara Samsudin, and Noordin Mohamed Mustapha. "Dietary Supplementation of Postbiotics Mitigates Adverse Impacts of Heat Stress on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Total Antioxidant, Lipid Peroxidation, Physiological Stress Indicators, Lipid Profile and Meat Quality in Broilers." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10060982.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the impacts of feeding different postbiotics on oxidative stress markers, physiological stress indicators, lipid profile and meat quality in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 252 male Cobb 500 (22-day-old) were fed with 1 of 6 diets: A basal diet without any supplementation as negative control (NC); basal diet + 0.02% oxytetracycline served as positive control (PC); basal diet + 0.02% ascorbic acid (AA); or the basal diet diet + 0.3% of RI11, RS5 or UL4 postbiotics. Postbiotics supplementation, especially RI11 increased plasma activity of total-antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), and decreased alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (α1-AGP) and ceruloplasmin (CPN) compared to NC and PC groups. Meat malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the postbiotic groups than the NC, PC and AA groups. Plasma corticosterone, heat shock protein70 (HSP70) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were not affected by dietary treatments. Postbiotics decreased plasma cholesterol concentration compared to other groups, and plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) compared to the NC group. Postbiotics increased breast meat pH, and decreased shear force and lightness (L*) compared to NC and PC groups. The drip loss, cooking loss and yellowness (b*) were lower in postbiotics groups compared to other groups. In conclusion, postbiotics particularly RI11 could be used as an alternative to antibiotics and natural sources of antioxidants for heat-stressed broilers.
11
PRISTAVU, Mircea Cosmin, Camelia DIGUTA, Wahauwouele Hermann COULIBALY, Sandrine A. YOUTEFANCHE, Getuta DOPCEA, and Florentina MATEI. "A REVIEW OF POSTBIOTICS AS NEW HEALTH PROMOTERS." AgroLife Scientific Journal 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2022219.
Full textAbstract:
For a long time, probiotics have been widely used as safe microorganisms that can confers a health benefit effects on the host, directly or indirectly. Recently, postbiotics have gained interest as new health promoters. Postbiotics have recently been defined as complex mixture of functional bioactive compounds secreted by probiotics during a fermentation process (such as biosurfactants, proteins, short chain fatty acids, organic acids, bacteriocins, vitamins etc.). According to current data, postbiotics have advantages over live probiotics with regard to: ease extraction, standardization, and storage, availability for industrial-scale-up, specific mechanism of action, impossible to transfer and acquire antibiotic resistance genes and their interaction with the cellular receptors to trigger the targeted responses. However, several aspects related to postbiotics have not been fully elucidated. Here, we provided a critical review of the postbiotic definition, mechanisms of action, underlying their beneficial effects, as well as current trends for applications in foods and pharmaceuticals.
12
Banadyha, N. V. "A new concept of functional nutrition in early childhood." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 6(110) (October 30, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2020.110.70.
Full textAbstract:
Pediatric aspects of the problem of preservation of each person, above all, are to provide the baby with complete food in terms of the content of essential nutrients necessary for harmonious development, and it must be — functional. New concepts of adequate feeding of young children provide a balanced composition, biological value, multiple preventive effects of food. These requirements are сompletely presented in breastfeeding, which, despite the balanced content of essential nutrients, contains a mixture of biotics (pre-, pro-, synbiotics), among which a special place is — postbiotics. The most studied biotics are pre-, pro-, synbiotics, while postbiotics have not received adequate coverage in the scientific literature for a long time. Postbiotics — a relatively new term, which means biologically active components that are formed during fermentation, including microbial cells, metabolic products. Functional nutrition with the use of postbiotics has certain advantages in terms of safety, biological properties, pharmaceutical effects, compared with the use of live probiotics. At the same time it is possible to avoid risk of translocation of bacteria from intestine to blood, to provide a proper metabolism, stability. At the same time, the use of postbiotics enhances the effect of their own individual microflora, as opposed to the introduction of foreign probiotics into the intestinal lumen, which should be considered as a safe alternative to living probiotic microbes; which motivates the use of functional nutrition in children who do not receive breast milk. In modern conditions, it is already possible to use a mixture of Nutrilon Premium+, characterized by the content of prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS), postbiotic (including 3'GL), enriched with a complex of vitamins, minerals, increased content of omega-3 and omega-6, which provides harmonious development and has a preventive effect in children who are deprived of the opportunity to receive breast milk. Conclusions. The use of postbiotics in food (milk formulas) for children of the first years of life provides harmonious physical and psycho+emotional development, has a preventive effect (on functional disorders of the digestive system, infectious and allergic diseases), has a high level of safety and clinical efficacy. The combination of prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS) and postbiotic — 3-galactosyllactose (3'GL) in new milk formulas has good tolerance, provides multiple prophylactic effects, which determines its functionality and advantages over other dairy formulas. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: children, functional nutrition, postbiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, fermented formulas.
13
Rad, Aziz H., Amin Abbasi, Hossein S. Kafil, and Khudaverdi Ganbarov. "Potential Pharmaceutical and Food Applications of Postbiotics: A Review." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 15 (December 23, 2020): 1576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200516154833.
Full textAbstract:
In recent decades, functional foods with ingredients comprising probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics have been gaining a lot of attention from scientists. Probiotics and postbiotics are usually applied in pharmaceutical formulations and/or commercial food-based products. These bioactive agents can be associated with host eukaryotic cells and have a key role in maintaining and restoring host health. The review describes the concept of postbiotics, their quality control and potential applications in pharmaceutical formulations and commercial food-based products for health promotion, prevention of disease and complementary treatment. Despite the effectiveness of probiotic products, researchers have introduced the concept of postbiotic to optimize their beneficial effects as well as to meet the needs of consumers to provide a safe product. The finding of recent studies suggests that postbiotics might be appropriate alternative agents for live probiotic cells and can be applied in medical, veterinary and food practice to prevent and to treat some diseases, promote animal health status and develop functional foods. Presently scientific literature confirms that postbiotics, as potential alternative agents, may have superiority in terms of safety relative to their parent live cells, and due to their unique characteristics in terms of clinical, technological and economical aspects, can be applied as promising tools in the drug and food industry for developing health benefits, and therapeutic aims.
14
Kim, Yeeun, Hak Jun Kim, and Keunho Ji. "The Proliferation Inhibitory Effect of Postbiotics Prepared from Probiotics with Antioxidant Activity against HT-29 Cells." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 12519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412519.
Full textAbstract:
Prebiotics and probiotics have gained much attention in the pursuit of a healthy life. Recently, postbiotics have been spotlighted as next-generation compounds that can improve health. Postbiotics are designated into non-viable, inactivated, and ghost probiotics, and linked to several health benefits for the gut, immune system, and various other aspects of health. This study investigated the anti-proliferation effects of postbiotics against HT-29 cells, a colon cancer cell line. The postbiotics were produced by the ultrasonication method from two Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus sp. La1, and La2) and designated to Pobt-La1 and Pobt-La2, respectively, and non-viability was confirmed on the plate media. The anti-proliferation effect was concentration-dependent. The HT-29 cells showed viabilities of 39% and 49% when treated with 300 µL/mL of Pobt-La1 and Pobt-La2, respectively. During observation of the morphological changes of HT-29 cells when treated with IC50, a cell nucleus was not observed but cell condensation was observed. Moreover, in comparison with the control group, a reduced number of cells were observed. Based on these results, it considered that the postbiotic compounds from Lactobacillus La1 and La2 could provide crucial information in the development of anticancer research. Through further research, it would be beneficial to investigate the possibility of using these postbiotics (Pobt-La1 and -La2) as an anticancer drug.
15
Cabello-Olmo, Miriam, Miriam Araña, Raquel Urtasun, Ignacio J. Encio, and Miguel Barajas. "Role of Postbiotics in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071590.
Full textAbstract:
In the last decade, the gastrointestinal microbiota has been recognised as being essential for health. Indeed, several publications have documented the suitability of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in the management of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Advances in laboratory techniques have allowed the identification and characterisation of new biologically active molecules, referred to as “postbiotics”. Postbiotics are defined as functional bioactive compounds obtained from food-grade microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They include cell structures, secreted molecules or metabolic by-products, and inanimate microorganisms. This heterogeneous group of molecules presents a broad range of mechanisms and may exhibit some advantages over traditional “biotics” such as probiotics and prebiotics. Owing to the growing incidence of DM worldwide and the implications of the microbiota in the disease progression, postbiotics appear to be good candidates as novel therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge about postbiotic compounds and their potential application in diabetes management. Additionally, we envision future perspectives on this topic. In summary, the results indicate that postbiotics hold promise as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for DM.
16
Favero, Chiara, Laura Giordano, Silvia Maria Mihaila, Rosalinde Masereeuw, Alberto Ortiz, and Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño. "Postbiotics and Kidney Disease." Toxins 14, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090623.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is projected to become the fifth global cause of death by 2040 as a result of key shortcomings in the current methods available to diagnose and treat kidney diseases. In this regard, the novel holobiont concept, used to describe an individual host and its microbial community, may pave the way towards a better understanding of kidney disease pathogenesis and progression. Microbiota-modulating or -derived interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics. As of 2019, the concept of postbiotics was updated by the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to refer to preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit to the host. By explicitly excluding purified metabolites without a cellular biomass, any literature making use of such term is potentially rendered obsolete. We now review the revised concept of postbiotics concerning their potential clinical applications and research in kidney disease, by discussing in detail several formulations that are undergoing preclinical development such as GABA-salt for diet-induced hypertension and kidney injury, sonicated Lactobacillus paracasei in high fat diet-induced kidney injury, GABA-salt, lacto-GABA-salt and postbiotic-GABA-salt in acute kidney injury, and O. formigenes lysates for hyperoxaluria. Furthermore, we provide a roadmap for postbiotics research in kidney disease to expedite clinical translation.
17
Mayorgas, A. "P840 Immunomodulatory effects of two different postbiotics on primary human cell culture." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.968.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammation with extensive damage of the colonic mucosa and a remarkable dysbiosis. Since the current treatments show limitations in the response of some patients and many of them are associated with important side effects, new and safer strategies are needed. Postbiotics are any soluble factor resulting from the metabolic activity of a live probiotic bacteria or any released molecule capable of providing health benefits through a direct or indirect mechanism. Nevertheless, the effects of certain postbiotics in the context of intestinal inflammation have not been extensively addressed. Our aim is to study the immunomodulatory properties of two different postbiotics on primary human cell culture and their protective effects on human intestinal ex vivo 2D culture. Methods Postbiotics from Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 were obtained after the microbial culture of each bacterial strain. Supernatants were collected at OD600 = 0.6, filtered and frozen. Immunostimulatory, immunosuppressor or immunomodulatory effects of each postbiotic were tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy donors (n = 4). PBMCs are a heterogenous cell population that includes myeloid as well as lymphoid immune cells. Postbiotics were used to assess whether bacterial metabolites could modulate the cytokine release in particular IL-12p40 and IL-10 by LPS-stimulated PBMC, mimicking innate immune activation. Dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated from isolated human monocytes were also stimulated with all postbiotics (n = 2) to study the innate-adaptive immune crosstalk by analyzing IL-10 and IL-12p70 secretion. Postbiotics stimulation was also performed in differentiated human intestinal epithelial monolayers derived from EpOCs (Epithelial Intestinal Organoids Cells) to analyse the outcome in an ex vivo organ culture. Results Postbiotics derived from S.thermophilus and Lpc-37 were able to increase the secretion of IL10 in both PBMCs and monocyte-derived DCs, while no change was shown in IL-12p40/IL-12p70 production. Interestingly, S. thermophilus also showed a ‘per se’ anti-inflammatory effect due to an increase of IL-10 in non-stimulated PBMCs. On the other hand, postbiotics were able to up-regulate MUC2 expression in the 2D organ culture while down-regulating LGR5. Conclusion Overall we conclude that the tested postbiotics show an immunomodulatory effect as well as important properties on intestinal epithelial-cells stemness and differentiation, being S. thermophilus the best candidate due to its remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in both stimulated and non-stimulated cells.
18
Danladi, Yohanna, Teck Chwen Loh, Hooi Ling Foo, Henny Akit, Nur Aida Md Tamrin, and Mohammad Naeem Azizi. "Effects of Postbiotics and Paraprobiotics as Replacements for Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Small Intestine Histomorphology, Immune Status and Hepatic Growth Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens." Animals 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2022): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070917.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This experiment was designed to investigate how replacing antibiotics with postbiotics and paraprobiotics could affect growth performance, small intestine morphology, immune status, and hepatic growth gene expression in broiler chickens. Methods: The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) in which eight treatments were replicated six times with seven birds per replicate. A total of 336, one-day-old (COBB 500) chicks were fed with the eight treatment diets, which include T1 = negative control (Basal diet), T2 = positive control (Basal diet + 0.01% (w/w) Oxytetracycline), T3 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic TL1, T4 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic RS5, T5 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RG11, T6 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic RI11, T7 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RG14, T8 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RI11, for 35 days in a closed house system. Results: The growth performance indicators (final body weight, cumulative weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. However, feed intake recorded a significant (p < 0.05) change in the starter and finisher phases across the dietary treatments. Paraprobiotic RG14 had significantly (p < 0.05) lower abdominal fat and intestines. Villi heights were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while the crypt depth decreased significantly due to dietary treatments. The dietary treatments significantly influenced colon mucosa sIgA (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma immunoglobulin IgM level recorded significant (p < 0.05) changes at the finisher phase. In this current study, the hepatic GHR and IGF-1 expressions were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by postbiotics and paraprobiotics supplementation. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that postbiotics and paraprobiotics differ in their effect on broiler chickens. However, they can replace antibiotics without compromising the growth performance, carcass yield, and immune status of broiler chickens.
19
Humam, Loh, Foo, Samsudin, Mustapha, Zulkifli, and Izuddin. "Effects of Feeding Different Postbiotics Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Intestinal Morphology, Gut Microbiota Composition, Immune Status, and Growth Gene Expression in Broilers under Heat Stress." Animals 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090644.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of feeding different postbiotics on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, immune status, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene expression in broilers under heat stress were assessed in this study. A total of 252 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned in cages in identical environmentally controlled chambers. During the starter period from 1 to 21 days, all the birds were fed the same basal diet. On day 22, the birds were weighed and randomly divided into six treatment groups and exposed to cyclic high temperature at 36 ± 1 °C for 3 h per day from 11:00 to 14:00 until the end of the experiment. From day 22 to 42 (finisher period), an equal number of birds were subjected to one of the following diets: NC (negative control) basal diet; PC (positive control) basal diet + 0.02% oxytetracycline; or AA (ascorbic acid) basal diet + 0.02% ascorbic acid. The other three groups (RI11, RS5 and UL4) were basal diet + 0.3% different postbiotics (produced from different Lactobacillus plantarum strains, and defined as RI11, RS5 and UL4, respectively). The results demonstrated that birds fed RI11 diets had significantly higher final body weight, total weight gain and average daily gain than the birds that received the NC, PC and AA treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the RI11 group compared with the other groups. Carcass parameters were not affected by the postbiotic-supplemented diet. Postbiotic supplementation improved villi height significantly in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared to the NC, PC and AA treatments. The crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum was significantly higher in NC group compared to other treatment groups except RI11 in duodenum, and UL4 in ileum was not different with NC groups. The villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum and ileum was significantly higher for the postbiotic treatment groups and AA than the PC and NC treatment groups. The postbiotic RI11 group recorded significantly higher caecum total bacteria and Lactobacillus count and lower Salmonella count compared to the NC and PC treatment groups. The Bifidobacterium population in the NC group was significantly lower compared to the other treatment groups. The postbiotic (RI11, RS5 and UL4) and AA treatment groups showed lower Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli counts and caecal pH than the NC and PC treatment groups. The plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) level was significantly higher in the birds receiving postbiotic RI11 than those receiving other treatments. The plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was higher in the RI11 treatment group than in the NC, AA and RS5 groups. The plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was not affected by postbiotic supplements. The hepatic GHR mRNA expression level was significantly increased in birds fed postbiotics RI11, RS5 and UL4, AA and PC compared to the NC-fed birds. Postbiotic RI11 led to significantly higher hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression level compared to the NC, PC, and AA treatments. Mortality was numerically lesser in the postbiotic treatment groups, but not significantly different among all the treatments. In conclusion, among the postbiotics applied in the current study as compared with NC, PC and AA, RI11 could be used as a potential alternative antibiotic growth promoter and anti-stress treatment in the poultry industry.
20
Martorell, Patricia, Beatriz Alvarez, Silvia Llopis, Veronica Navarro, Pepa Ortiz, Nuria Gonzalez, Ferrán Balaguer, et al. "Heat-Treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7347: A Whole-Cell Postbiotic with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Gut-Barrier Protection Properties." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040536.
Full textAbstract:
Non-viable preparations of probiotics, as whole-cell postbiotics, attract increasing interest because of their intrinsic technological stability, and their functional properties, such as immune system modulation, gut barrier maintenance, and protection against pathogens. However, reports on Bifidobacteria-derived postbiotics remain scarce. This study aims to demonstrate the functional properties of a heat-treated (HT), non-viable, Bifidobacterium longum strain, CECT-7347, a strain previously selected for its anti-inflammatory phenotype and ability to improve biomarkers of intestinal integrity in clinical trials. The study used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and HT-29 cell cultures as eukaryotic model systems. Our results show that HT-CECT-7347 preserves the capacity to protect against oxidative stress damage, while it also reduces acute inflammatory response and gut-barrier disruption, and inhibits bacterial colonization, by activating pathways related to innate immune function. These findings highlight the interest of the ingredient as a novel postbiotic and pave the way to broaden the range of HT-CECT-7347 applications in gut health.
21
Oglio, Franca, Cristina Bruno, Serena Coppola, Roberta De Michele, Antonio Masino, and Laura Carucci. "Evidence on the Preventive Effects of the Postbiotic Derived from Cow’s Milk Fermentation with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CBA L74 against Pediatric Gastrointestinal Infections." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010010.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotics are commonly defined as preparations of inanimate probiotics and/or their cellular components and/or their metabolites/end products that confer health benefits on the host. They have been suggested as a promising strategy to limit infectious diseases. Emerging evidence support the efficacy of the postbiotic derived from cow’s milk fermentation with the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CBAL74 (FM-CBAL74) in preventing pediatric infectious diseases. We aimed at reviewing the evidence available.
22
Yeşilyurt, Neslihan, Birsen Yılmaz, Duygu Ağagündüz, and Raffaele Capasso. "Involvement of Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Immune System Modulation." Biologics 1, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biologics1020006.
Full textAbstract:
Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.
23
Dinu, Laura-Dorina, Ionela Avram, Diana-Roxana Pelinescu, and Emanuel Vamanu. "Mineral-Enriched Postbiotics: A New Perspective for Microbial Therapy to Prevent and Treat Gut Dysbiosis." Biomedicines 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102392.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotics are non-viable probiotic preparations that confer a health benefit on the host. In the last years, scientific literature has proved that postbiotics have health-promoting features and technological advantages compared to probiotics, augmenting their full potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The current work comprehensively summarizes the benefits and potential applications of postbiotics and essential mineral-enriched biomass and proposes a new strategy for microbial therapy—mineral-enriched postbiotics. We hypothesize and critically review the relationship between micronutrients (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium) and postbiotics with gut microbiota, which has been barely explored yet, and how the new approach could be involved in the gut microbiome modulation to prevent and treat gut dysbiosis. Additionally, the bioactive molecules and minerals from postbiotics could influence the host mineral status, directly or through gut microbiota, which increases the mineral bioavailability. The review increases our understanding of the health improvements of mineral-enriched postbiotics, including antioxidant functions, highlighting their perspective on microbial therapy to prevent and threaten gut-related diseases.
24
Żółkiewicz, Jakub, Aleksandra Marzec, Marek Ruszczyński, and Wojciech Feleszko. "Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082189.
Full textAbstract:
As an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to the development of several diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes, cancer, among others), the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to alter the gut microbiome has attracted recent interest. Postbiotics include any substance released by or produced through the metabolic activity of the microorganism, which exerts a beneficial effect on the host, directly or indirectly. As postbiotics do not contain live microorganisms, the risks associated with their intake are minimized. Here, we provided a critical review of postbiotics described in the literature, including their mechanisms of action, clinical characteristics, and potential therapeutic applications. We detailed the pleiotropic effects of postbiotics, including their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Although the use of postbiotics is an attractive strategy for altering the microbiome, further study into its efficacy and safety is warranted.
25
Tsilingiri, K., and M. Rescigno. "Postbiotics: what else?" Beneficial Microbes 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2012.0046.
Full textAbstract:
The use of probiotics and synbiotics in the food industry or as food supplements for a balanced diet and improved gut homeostasis has been blooming for the past decade. As feedback from healthy consumers is rather enthusiastic, a lot of effort is currently directed in elucidating the mechanisms of interaction between beneficial microbes and barrier and immune function of the host. The use of probiotics or synbiotics for treating certain pathologies has also been examined, however, the outcome has not always been favourable. In most cases, the effect of the administered probiotic is evident when the bacteria are still alive at the time they reach the small and large intestine, suggesting that it is dependent on the metabolic activity of the bacteria. Indeed, in some occasions it has been shown that the culture supernatant of these bacteria mediates the immunomodulatory effect conferred to the host. Recent work on relevant probiotic strains has also led to the isolation and characterisation of certain probiotic-produced, soluble factors, here called postbiotics, which were sufficient to elicit the desired response. Here, we summarise these recent findings and propose the use of purified and well characterised postbiotic components as a safer alternative for clinical applications, especially in chronic inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, where probiotics have not yet given encouraging results as far as induction of remission is concerned.
26
Johnson, Casey N., Michael H. Kogut, Kenneth Genovese, Haiqi He, Steve Kazemi, and Ryan J. Arsenault. "Administration of a Postbiotic Causes Immunomodulatory Responses in Broiler Gut and Reduces Disease Pathogenesis Following Challenge." Microorganisms 7, no. 8 (August 17, 2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7080268.
Full textAbstract:
With the reemergence of poultry diseases such as necrotic enteritis following the restriction of in-feed antibiotics, the search for antibiotic alternatives has become critically important. Postbiotics are non-viable bacterial products or metabolic byproducts from probiotic microorganisms that have positive effects on the host or microbiota. These are a promising alternative to antibiotics. Here, we describe the mechanism of action of a postbiotic in the context of a Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) challenge model. By using performance measurements and a peptide array kinome analysis, we describe the kinotypes and signal transduction changes elicited by the postbiotic with and without C. perfringens challenge. The postbiotic improves lesion scores, C. perfringens counts and mortality compared to challenge groups without the postbiotic, and it improves weight gain in the most severely challenged birds. The postbiotic predominantly affects the innate immune response and appears immunomodulatory. In the context of infection, it reduces the proinflammatory responses and generates a homeostatic-like response. This postbiotic is a viable alternative to antibiotics to improve poultry health in the context of C. perfringens pathogen challenge.
27
Sharafi, Houshmand, Mehran Moradi, and Saber Amiri. "Application of Cheese Whey Containing Postbiotics of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium animalis BB12 as a Preserving Liquid in High-Moisture Mozzarella." Foods 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 3387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213387.
Full textAbstract:
High-moisture mozzarella cheese (HMMC) is a highly perishable cheese with a short shelf life. In this study, the effects of UF cheese whey containing postbiotics from Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (P-LA-5), Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 (P-BB-12), and their combination on the microbial (i.e., psychrophiles, mesophiles, lactic acid bacteria, and mold-yeast population) and sensory properties of HMMC were investigated. Postbiotics were prepared in a cheese whey model medium as a novel growth media and used as a preserving liquid in HMMC. The results demonstrate that postbiotics reduced the growth of all microorganisms (1.5–2 log CFU/g reduction) and P-LA5 and P-BB12 had the highest antibacterial performance on mesophiles and psychrophiles, respectively. Mold and yeast had the highest susceptibility to the postbiotics. Postbiotics showed a significant effect on maintaining the microbial quality of HMMC during storage, proposing postbiotics as a new preserving liquid for HMMC.
28
Nam, YoHan, Jong-Hwa Kim, Jihye Baek, and Wonyong Kim. "Improvement of Cutaneous Wound Healing via Topical Application of Heat-Killed Lactococcus chungangensis CAU 1447 on Diabetic Mice." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082666.
Full textAbstract:
Cutaneous wound healing comprises a complex systemic network. Probiotics, naturally extracted substances, medicine, and chemical compounds have been used for wound healing, but the application of postbiotics as therapeutic agents has yet to be explored. Our study shows potential beneficial effects of heat-killed Lactococcus chungangensis CAU 1447 on type 1 diabetic mice. The postbiotic strain significantly decreased the skin wound size. The activity of myeloperoxidase secreted from neutrophils also decreased. The molecular mechanism of wound healing was adjusted by important mediators, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. These elements regulated the anti-inflammatory activity and accelerated wound healing. To determine the role of the postbiotic in wound repair, we showed a similar taxonomic pattern as compared to the diabetic mice using skin microbiome analysis. These findings demonstrated that heat-killed Lactococcus chungangensis CAU 1447 had beneficial effects on wound healing and can be utilized as postbiotic therapeutic agents.
29
Alzahrani, Othman R., Yousef M. Hawsawi, Abdullah D. Alanazi, Hanan E. Alatwi, and Irfan A. Rather. "In Vitro Evaluation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Cell-Free-Supernatant GBUT-21 against SARS-CoV-2." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101581.
Full textAbstract:
The unprecedented health catastrophe derived from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) met with a phenomenal scientific response across the globe. Worldwide, the scientific community was focused on finding a cure for the deadly disease. A wide range of research studies has consistently revealed the link between SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and abnormal gut microbiomes, suggesting its potential in developing novel therapeutic approaches. Probiotics have been extensively studied to promote health in human hosts and reestablish a balance in the dysbiotic gut microbiome; however, there is strong skepticism about their safety and efficacy. Consequently, the metabolic signatures of probiotics, often referred to as "postbiotics", could prove of paramount importance for adjuvant cures in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics exhibit safety, enhanced shelf-life, and stability and, therefore, could be implemented in SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic strategies with no undue adverse side effects. The current study is a preliminary investigation of the antiviral properties of postbiotic metabolites derived from Leuconostoc mesenteroides GBUT-21. The study focuses on the potential biological role in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and reducing related inflammatory pathways.
30
Golkar, Nasim, Yousef Ashoori, Reza Heidari, Navid Omidifar, Seyedeh Narjes Abootalebi, Milad Mohkam, and Ahmad Gholami. "A Novel Effective Formulation of Bioactive Compounds for Wound Healing: Preparation, In Vivo Characterization, and Comparison of Various Postbiotics Cold Creams in a Rat Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (December 7, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8577116.
Full textAbstract:
The wound is a break in the integrity of the skin produced by injury, illness, or operation. Wound healing is an essential dynamic biological/physiological process that occurs in response to tissue damage. The huge health, economic, and social effects of wounds on patients and societies necessitate the research to find novel potential therapeutic agents in order to promote wound healing. Postbiotics, the newest member of the biotics family, are valuable functional bioactive substances produced by probiotics through their metabolic activity, which have several beneficial properties, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and angiogenesis characteristics, resulting in acceleration of wound healing. In the current study, three topical cold cream formulations containing postbiotics obtained from Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus reuteri, or Bacillus subtilis sp. natto probiotic strains were prepared. The effectiveness and wound healing activity of the developed postbiotics cold cream formulations were investigated compared to cold cream without postbiotics and no treatment via wound closure investigation, hydroxyproline content assay, and histological assessment in 25 Sprague Dawley rats divided into five groups. Interestingly, analysis of the results revealed that all three formulations containing postbiotics significantly accelerated the wound healing process. However, in general, the Bacillus subtilis natto cold cream manifested a better wound healing property. The pleasing wound healing characteristics of the topical postbiotics cold creams through the in vivo experiment suggest that formulations containing postbiotics can be considered as a promising nominee for wound healing approaches.
31
Du, Xue, Jessica Rodriguez, and Josephine Wee. "Dietary Postbiotics Reduce Cytotoxicity and Inflammation Induced by Crystalline Silica in an In Vitro RAW 264.7 Macrophage Model." Foods 11, no. 6 (March 19, 2022): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11060877.
Full textAbstract:
Crystalline silica (cSiO2) particles are naturally existing environmental toxicants. Exposure to cSiO2 could cause local or systemic inflammation and aggregate inflammation-associated diseases. Dietary postbiotics are reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities; however, their effects on cSiO2-triggered inflammation are unknown. Here, we investigate the impact of postbiotics from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LGG), Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L.reu), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 (BB12) on cSiO2-induced cytotoxicity and IL-1 cytokines in vitro using macrophages. The postbiotics used in this study were cell-free fractions of a probiotic growth medium collected at different time points. The in vitro model used was the wild-type murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line stably transfected with the inflammasome adapter protein, ASC. Our results indicate that all the postbiotics could reduce cSiO2-induced cytotoxicity in the wild-type and ASC macrophages and the effects were OD-dependent. Following priming with a lipopolysaccharide, cSiO2 treatment resulted in robust inflammasome activation in ASC, as reflected by the IL-1β release. These responses were minimal or absent in the wild-type RAW cells. All the postbiotics decreased the release of IL-1β from ASC; however, only LGG and BB12 reduced the IL-1β secretion from wild-type cells. Only the L.reu postbiotics reduced the IL-1α release from ASC. We conclude that the postbiotics from LGG, BB12, and L.reu can protect macrophages against cSiO2-induced cytotoxicity and suppress IL-1β activation.
32
Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N., Anastasia Mantziari, Seppo Salminen, and Hania Szajewska. "Postbiotics for Preventing and Treating Common Infectious Diseases in Children: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020389.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotics have recently been tentatively defined as bioactive compounds produced during a fermentation process (including microbial cells, cell constituents and metabolites) that supports health and/or wellbeing. Postbiotics are currently available in some infant formulas and fermented foods. We systematically reviewed evidence on postbiotics for preventing and treating common infectious diseases among children younger than 5 years. The PubMed, Embase, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect databases were searched up to March 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing postbiotics with placebo or no intervention. Seven RCTs involving 1740 children met the inclusion criteria. For therapeutic trials, supplementation with heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB reduced the duration of diarrhea (4 RCTs, n = 224, mean difference, MD, −20.31 h, 95% CI −27.06 to −13.57). For preventive trials, the pooled results from two RCTs (n = 537) showed that heat-inactivated L. paracasei CBA L74 versus placebo reduced the risk of diarrhea (relative risk, RR, 0.51, 95% CI 0.37–0.71), pharyngitis (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.83) and laryngitis (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29–0.67). There is limited evidence to recommend the use of specific postbiotics for treating pediatric diarrhea and preventing common infectious diseases among children. Further studies are necessary to determine the effects of different postbiotics.
33
Du, Xue, Jessica Rodriguez, Kathryn Wierenga, Mikhail Gavrilin, Andrij Holian, James Pestka, and Josephine Wee. "Dietary Postbiotics Reduced Cytotoxicity and IL-1 Cytokine Release Induced by Crystalline Silica in Lipopolysaccharide-Primed Macrophages." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa068_005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Inhalation of crystalline silica (cSiO2) has been linked to the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Alveolar macrophages (MΦ) are a major site of inflammasome activated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus plays a vital role in the onset and progression of lupus. Diet supplemented with probiotics have been shown to decrease disease severity. The model used was the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line (WT) and RAW 264.7 stably transfected with the inflammasome adapter protein ASC (RAW-ASC) as WT lacks a functional inflammasome. cSiO2 elicits robust inflammasome activation and IL-1β release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed RAW-ASC cells. We hypothesize that probiotic-associated cell-free fraction (postbiotics) could decrease cSiO2-induced cytotoxicity in MΦ and suppress pro-inflammatory IL-1 cytokines release. Methods Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), L. reuteri (REU), and Bifidobacterium lactis (BB12) were grown in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. Postbiotics were collected and filtered between OD 1.0–3.0. RAW-ASC and WT cells were primed with LPS, stimulated with cSiO2 and treated with postbiotics or MRS control. Cytotoxicity and IL-1 cytokine release was measured by an Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and ELISA, respectively. Results Postbiotics obtained at OD 3.0 exhibited greatest protective effect on cSiO2-induced cytotoxicity compared to OD 1.0 and 2.0. RAW-ASC stimulated with cSiO2 produced robust IL-1β release (272.8 ± 20.9 pg/mL) compared to WT (70.67 ± 9.6 pg/mL). Postbiotics obtained from LGG, REU, and BB12 grown to OD 1.0–3.0 decreased IL-1β release from RAW-ASC. LGG-associated postbiotics from all ODs reduced IL-1β release in WT. However, postbiotics obtained from BB12 at OD 3.0 but not OD 1.0 and 2.0 decreased IL-1β release. Interestingly, only REU postbiotics reduced IL-1α release in RAW-ASC while LGG and BB12 did not alter IL-1α production in both cell lines. Conclusions Dietary postbiotics can protect against cSiO2-induced cytotoxicity in MΦ. Postbiotics from LGG and BB12 down-regulated release of IL-1β but not IL-1α. We propose that the RAW-ASC cell model is a robust model to study mechanisms by which dietary constituents can activate or suppress inflammasome function. Funding Sources This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Federal Appropriations.
34
Mantziari, Anastasia, Seppo Salminen, Hania Szajewska, and Jeadran Nevardo Malagón-Rojas. "Postbiotics against Pathogens Commonly Involved in Pediatric Infectious Diseases." Microorganisms 8, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101510.
Full textAbstract:
The Sustainable Development goals for 2020 included reducing all causes associated with infant and perinatal mortality in their priorities. The use of compounds with bioactive properties has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy due to their stimulating effect on the host’s immune system. Additionally, biotherapeutic products such as postbiotics, tentatively defined as compounds produced during a fermentation process that support health and well-being, promote intestinal barrier integrity without posing considerable risks to children’s health. Although this is a concept in development, there are increasing studies in the field of nutrition, chemistry, and health that aim to understand how postbiotics can help prevent different types of infections in priority populations such as minors under the age of five. The present review aims to describe the main mechanisms of action of postbiotics. In addition, it presents the available current evidence regarding the effects of postbiotics against pathogens commonly involved in pediatric infections. Postbiotics may constitute a safe alternative capable of modulating the cellular response and stimulating the host’s humoral response.
35
Kornienko, E. A. "Probiotics, postbiotics and paraprobiotics." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 9 (October 7, 2022): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-205-9-240-250.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, due to the widespread introduction of molecular genetic methods for the study of the intestinal microbiome and the proof of its role in the development of many socially significant diseases, strategies for influencing human health by correcting the microbiota and its functions have become especially in demand. For this purpose, probiotics are commonly used, which are living microorganisms that improve the health of the host. They have certain indications and, in general, good tolerability. But extremely rarely, their reception can be complicated by the development of bacteremia, especially in immunocompromissive patients. The condition for the preservation of live functionally active bacteria is not always achievable. This prompts the search for possibilities for the use of non-living bacterial cells, called paraprobiotics, or components of microbial cells and their metabolites - postbiotics. Studies show that paraprobiotics in terms of effects on the immune system and intestinal barrier are not inferior to the effect of probiotic, but are better and safe. Postbiotics also approach the action of probiotics in many respects and are more stable. However, optimal technologies for the production of paraprobiotics and postbiotics, as well as indications for them, have not yet been clearly developed. This requires further research.
36
Koleilat, Aziz. "Beyond probiotics the Postbiotics." Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access 10, no. 6 (December 30, 2019): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2019.10.00404.
Full text
37
Leonova, V. A., and I. V. Rozhkova. "Methods for obtaining postbiotics." DAIRY INDUSTRY, no. 4 (2022): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2022-04-24-25.
Full text
38
Sanaei, Marzieh, Mohammad Hossein Yazdi, and Mehdi Mahdavi. "Postbiotics; Next-generation Probiotics." Alborz University Medical Journal 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/aums.11.4.513.
Full text
39
Dewanjee, Saikat, Tarun K. Dua, Paramita Paul, Abhijit Dey, Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu, Sonalinandini Samanta, Ramesh Kandimalla, and Vincenzo De Feo. "Probiotics: Evolving as a Potential Therapeutic Option against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity." Biomedicines 10, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071498.
Full textAbstract:
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common prescription medicine around the world for the treatment of pain and fever and is considered to be a safe drug at its therapeutic dose. However, a single overdose or frequent use of APAP can cause severe acute liver injury. APAP hepatotoxicity is a prevalent cause of acute liver disease around the world and the lack of suitable treatment makes it a serious problem. In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in using probiotics and probiotic-derived products, known as postbiotics, as health and disease negotiators. A growing body of evidence revealed that they can be equally effective against APAP hepatotoxicity. Different probiotic bacteria were found to be pre-clinically effective against APAP hepatotoxicity. Different postbiotics have also shown exciting results in preclinical models of APAP hepatotoxicity. This review summarized the protective roles and mechanisms of the different probiotic bacteria and postbiotics against APAP hepatotoxicity, with critical discussion. A brief discussion on potential novel probiotics and postbiotics for oxidative liver injury was also included. This review was written in an attempt to pique the interest of researchers in developing a safe therapeutic option against oxidative liver damage using probiotics and/or postbiotics as dietary supplements.
40
Huang, Fu-Chen, and Shun-Chen Huang. "The Critical Role of Acyl Hydrocarbon Receptor on the Combined Benefits of Postbiotic Propionate on Active Vitamin D3-Orchestrated Innate Immunity in Salmonella Colitis." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010195.
Full textAbstract:
Our recent study observed the combined beneficial effects of postbiotic butyrate on active vitamin D3-orchestrated innate immunity to Salmonella Colitis. There is increasing interest in the role of acyl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) on colitis and innate immunity. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of AhR in the effects. Salmonella colitis model is conducted with 6–8 w/o male C57BL/6 mice: Streptomycin (20 mg/mouse p.o.)-pretreated C57BL/6 mice were mock infected with sterile PBS or infected orally with 1 × 108 CFU of an S. typhimurium wild-type strain SL1344 for 48 h. Before and after the colitis induction, mice were oral gavage with active vitamin D3 0.2 μg/25 g mice (VD3) and/or postbiotics propionate (PP), in the absence of the presence of intraperitoneal injection of AhR inhibitor for 4 and 7 days, respectively. We observed AhR inhibitor counteracted the synergistic effects of PP and VD3 on reducing the severity of Salmonella colitis and body weight loss in C57BL/6 mice, reducing the cecal inflammatory but enhancing antimicrobial peptide mRNAs expression, and reducing the bacterial translocation in liver/spleen, compared to single treatment. It suggests the involvement of AhR on the synergistic effects of postbiotics PP and VD3 on the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory responses in Salmonella colitis and the potential biological treatment of Salmonella colitis.
41
Scarpellini, Emidio, Emanuele Rinninella, Martina Basilico, Esther Colomier, Carlo Rasetti, Tiziana Larussa, Pierangelo Santori, and Ludovico Abenavoli. "From Pre- and Probiotics to Post-Biotics: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010037.
Full textAbstract:
Background and aims: gut microbiota (GM) is a complex ecosystem containing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and yeasts. It has several functions in the human body ranging from immunomodulation to metabolic. GM derangement is called dysbiosis and is involved in several host diseases. Pre-, probiotics, and symbiotics (PRE-PRO-SYMB) have been extensively developed and studied for GM re-modulation. Herein, we review the literature data regarding the new concept of postbiotics, starting from PRE-PRO-SYMB. Methods: we conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: gut microbiota, prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, and postbiotics. Results: postbiotics account for PRO components and metabolic products able to beneficially affect host health and GM. The deeper the knowledge about them, the greater their possible uses: the prevention and treatment of atopic, respiratory tract, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Conclusions: better knowledge about postbiotics can be useful for the prevention and treatment of several human body diseases, alone or as an add-on to PRE-PRO-SYMB.
42
Morniroli, Daniela, Giulia Vizzari, Alessandra Consales, Fabio Mosca, and Maria Lorella Giannì. "Postbiotic Supplementation for Children and Newborn’s Health." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030781.
Full textAbstract:
It is now well known how the microbiota can positively or negatively influence humans health, depending on its composition. The microbiota’s countless beneficial effects have allowed it to be defined as a genuine symbiont for our species. In an attempt to positively influence the microbiota, research has focused on probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics are viable beneficial bacteria of various strains. Prebiotics are specific substances able to favor the development of advantageous bacteria strains. Postbiotics are a new category of compounds capable of affecting the microbiota. According to the different definitions, postbiotics include both nonviable bacteria and substances deriving from bacterial metabolism. Postbiotics are particularly promising in pediatric settings, as they offer some advantages over probiotics, including the absence of the risk of intestinal translocation or worsening of local inflammation. For these reasons, their use in fragile population categories such as newborns, and even more prematures, seems to be the best solution for improving microbiota’s health in this population. This narrative review aims to collect the research conducted so far on postbiotics’ potential in the first stages of life.
43
Vrzáčková, Nikola, Tomáš Ruml, and Jaroslav Zelenka. "Postbiotics, Metabolic Signaling, and Cancer." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061528.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotics are health-promoting microbial metabolites delivered as a functional food or a food supplement. They either directly influence signaling pathways of the body or indirectly manipulate metabolism and the composition of intestinal microflora. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and even though the prognosis of patients is improving, it is still poor in the substantial part of the cases. The preventable nature of cancer and the importance of a complex multi-level approach in anticancer therapy motivate the search for novel avenues of establishing the anticancer environment in the human body. This review summarizes the principal findings demonstrating the usefulness of both natural and synthetic sources of postbotics in the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, the effects of crude cell-free supernatants, the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, lactic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and β-glucans are described. Contradictory roles of postbiotics in healthy and tumor tissues are highlighted. In conclusion, the application of postbiotics is an efficient complementary strategy to combat cancer.
44
GEZGİNÇ, Yekta, Tuğba KARABEKMEZ-ERDEM, Hazel Dilşad TATAR, Sermet AYMAN, Eda GANİYUSUFOĞLU, and K. Sinan DAYISOYLU. "Health promoting benefits of postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria: Exopolysaccharide." Biotech Studies 31, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.38042/biotechstudies.1159166.
Full textAbstract:
Exopolysaccharides are high molecular weight polymers of repeated sugar units with diverse chemical structure and unique properties and produced by microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria are important exopolysaccharide producers. Lactic acid bacteria derived exopolysaccharides, one of the postbiotics, are known to have technological properties such as stabilizing, thickening, emulsifing and also biological activities. Lactic acid bacteria can synthesis exopolysaccharides with large structural variability and this diversity brings these polymers to possess several bioactivities. Bioactivities such as immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, antitumor and antimutagenicity, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral, cholesterol-lowering, antihypertensive activity and gastro-protective activity bring these biopolymers commercial value in the global market and potential to be used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, to evaluate the availability of these natural exopolysaccharides for new applications extensive understanding of the structure-function relationships will be required. In this review, it is presented a comprehensive overview for the most recent reports on the health benefits of postbiotic lactic acid bacterial exopolysaccharides.
45
Tatar, Beytullah, and Hale İnci Öztürk. "Probiyotiklerin Ötesinde Fonksiyonel Bileşen Konseptleri: Postbiyotikler ve Paraprobiyotikler." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 9 (October 9, 2022): 1747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i9.1747-1755.5439.
Full textAbstract:
A great number of beneficial and harmful microorganisms colonize the human gastrointestinal ecosystem. Of these, beneficial gut bacteria have numerous and significant functions. The use of probiotics, paraprobiotics, and postbiotics to alter the gut microbiota has attracted recent attention as an imbalance in the gut microbiota can lead to the development of various diseases (such as type 1 diabetes, cancer, and others). These concepts are generally confused with each other. The paraprobiotic concept includes the use of killed microbial cells, while postbiotics refer to metabolic products of live microbial cells. In this review, it was aimed to give information on probiotics, paraprobiotics, and postbiotics approaches. In this context, this review provides knowledge about the microorganism and metabolites found in these groups, their action mechanism, clinical characteristics, and potential therapeutic applications.
46
Rajasekharan, Satish Kumar, and Moshe Shemesh. "The Bacillary Postbiotics, Including 2-Undecanone, Suppress the Virulence of Pathogenic Microorganisms." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050962.
Full textAbstract:
Secreted molecules from probiotic Bacilli have often been considered potential pharmaceuticals to fight infections caused by bacterial or yeast pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the antagonistic potential of secreted probiotic filtrates (hereafter, postbiotics) derived from Lactobacillus plantarum cells against pathogenic microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. We found that the postbiotics mitigate the biofilms of the tested pathogens with no notable effect on their planktonic growth. In addition, the postbiotics suppressed some virulence traits, for instance, the dendrite swarming motility of E. coli and yeast-to-hyphal switch in C. albicans. Further assays with an active constituent produced by the L. plantarum cells–2-undecanone revealed two significant findings: (i) 2-undecanone inhibits C. albicans biofilms and hyphae in vitro and in a Caenorhabditis elegans model, and (ii) it interacts specifically with Gln 58 amino acid residue of hyphal wall protein-1 (Hwp-1) in molecular docking analysis. The results suggest the targeted mode of antagonistic action of 2-undecanone against C. albicans biofilm. In total, the findings of the study depict an appealing strategy to use postbiotics, including specific ketone molecules, produced by L. plantarum for developing novel antibiofilm and anti-hyphal pharmaceuticals.
47
Chaney, W. Evan, S. Ali Naqvi, Manuel Gutierrez, Abel Gernat, Timothy J. Johnson, and Derek Petry. "Dietary Inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Derived Postbiotic Is Associated with Lower Salmonella enterica Burden in Broiler Chickens on a Commercial Farm in Honduras." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030544.
Full textAbstract:
Postbiotic feed additives may aid foodborne pathogen reduction during poultry rearing. The study objective was to evaluate a postbiotic additive in parallel to an industry control diet and the subsequent associated burden of Salmonella enterica on a single, commercial broiler farm in Honduras. Twelve houses were matched and assigned the standard diet (CON) or standard diet plus postbiotic (SCFP). New litter was placed in each house and retained across flock cycles with sampling prior to each chick placement and three consecutive rearing cycles. At ~33–34 days, 25 ceca were collected on-farm from each house, treatment, and cycle. Salmonella prevalence in litter for CON (30.6%) and SCFP (27.8%) were equivalent; however, Salmonella load within positive samples was lower (p = 0.04) for SCFP (3.81 log10 MPN/swab) compared to CON (5.53 log10 MPN/swab). Cecal prevalence of Salmonella was lower (p = 0.0006) in broilers fed SCFP (3.4%) compared to CON (12.2%). Salmonella load within positive ceca were numerically reduced (p = 0.121) by 1.45 log10 MPN/g for SCFP (2.41 log10 MPN/g) over CON (3.86 log10 MPN/g). Estimated burden was lower (p = 0.003) for SCFP flocks (3.80 log10 MPN) compared to CON (7.31 log10 MPN). These data demonstrate the preharvest intervention potential of postbiotics to reduce Salmonella enterica in broiler chickens.
48
Mohammed, Mahmood Y., and Karwan Y. Kareem. "A comparison study of probiotic, postbiotic and prebiotic on performance and meat quality of broilers." Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.22.4.4.
Full textAbstract:
Using of antibiotics it has started nearly eighty years ago since 1940 the purpose of using for increasing the immunity against microbes, diseases and to enhance growth in poultry production. The development in bacteria to become resistant against drugs results from using antibiotics for long period it may transformed to humans as well. "Biotic" feed additives, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, are one potential option for increasing poultry development and health. More attention has recently been paid to modern dietary solutions, especially probiotics, postbiotics and prebiotics. A300 one day old Ross 300 chicks distributed randomly into five treatment three replicates twenty birds in each one. The treatment groups include: negative control (a basic diet), positive control (a basic diet) + oxytetracycline 0.05%, T1= a basic diet + 0.3% lactobacillus plantarum (postbiotic), T2= a basic diet + 0.3% Bacillus licheniformis (probiotic), T3= a basic diet + 0.3% Fructo-oligosaccharides (prebiotic). As a result of adding the natural additives to the feed, Birds fed T3 gained more live body weight and had significantly higher (p<0.05) than negative and positive control groups at the same time had lower (p<0.05) FCR. Moreover, carcass weight and bursa of fabricius were higher (p<0.05) in birds that were fed with T1 when compared with negative control. The group of birds that fed with T1, T2 and T3 decreased (p<0.05) drip loss and coocking loss. These natural supplements can be added to enhance growth performance and meat quality in chicken production.
49
Brito, Leandro Paes de, José Noé da Silva Júnior, Priscila Danielly Santos de Barros, Elaine Cristina da Silva, Priscilla Régia de Andrade Calaça, Maria Taciana Cavalcanti Vieira Soares, and Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto. "Can postbiotics show antiviral effects against Sars-CoV-2?" Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 9, 2021): e14610817259. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17259.
Full textAbstract:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome of Coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the new Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) responsible for the current pandemic that threatens global health. Although some anti-COVID-19 therapeutic agents are under investigation, there is still no evidence of antiviral action against Sars-CoV-2. Research in the literature describes the success of probiotics in the treatment of viral infections from their byproducts, known as postbiotics, such as exopolysaccharides, hydrogen peroxide, and different bacteriocins. Based on these reports, we describe the main postbiotics that present antiviral actions against different viruses with a view to suggesting their use as possible therapeutic agents for COVID-19. The revised data show promising effects for using postbiotics as efficient vehicles against various types of viruses. However, further investigation of the underlying mechanisms is required for their indication against Sars-CoV-2 and other Sars-CoV infections.
50
Vlădăreanu, Simona, and Mihai Cristian. "Postbiotics – introduction, classification and health benefits." Perinatologia 2, no. 2 (2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/peri.2.2.2018.1816.
Full text