Relevant bibliographies by topics / Postal union

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Postal union'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Postal union"

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Jingying, Rao. "The Shanghai Postal Workers' Union." Chinese Studies in History 27, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-4633270102148.

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Биргер, Евгений, and Evgeniy Birger. "On creating an advanced postal address space." Services in Russia and abroad 8, no. 4 (June 26, 2014): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4861.

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The primary function of a postal system is to create and to service a national postal area which, according to the Treaty of Bern, is integrated into the Universal Postal Union. The term refers to a total of postal addresses serviced by the national universal postal service. However, until recently, the concept of “address”, particularly “postal address”, has not been legitimized within Russian regulatory and legal framework despite its importance for all the sphere of activity, especially for relationship at law.
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HOWLAND, DOUGLAS. "An alternative mode of international order: The international administrative union in the nineteenth century." Review of International Studies 41, no. 1 (May 14, 2014): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210514000114.

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AbstractA novel form of international order was developed in the nineteenth century by international administrative unions such as the International Telegraph Union and the Universal Postal Union. This administrative internationalism posed a striking alternative to the international society of great powers, sovereignty, and forms of imperial domination, for the members of administrative unions included not only sovereign states but also semi-sovereigns, vassals, and colonies. Members were equal and bound identically to the union treaty and its international administrative law. This article examines the structure of unions and their politics of membership in the nineteenth century, and engages theories of global governance to argue that early administrative unions present a mode of international order different from theories of both global networks and the international system of neorealism.
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White, Jerry P., and Russell Janzen. "The Industrial Relations Implications of Privatization: The Case of Canada Post." Articles 55, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/051290ar.

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In February 1997, Canada Post privatized its ad-mail services and in the process terminated 10,000 Canadian Union of Postal Workers. These events became a part of the central driving force which derailed contract negotiations and led to the November 1997 postal strike. The purpose of this article is to expose the process and consequences of this major event in the industrial relations of Canada Post; to examine the role and positions of the three major institutions involved — the government, the corporation (Canada Post) and the Canadian Union of Postal Workers (CUPW), and to explore the implications of privatization with regards to industrial relations in Canada Post. The article also documents the fate of the 10,000 workers through a survey of their status six months after the privatization.
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Lewandowski, Maciej, Pawel Mlodkowski, and Marek Wróbel. "DIGITAL PLATFORMS FOR POSTAL SERVICES IN EU AND JAPAN." European Integration Studies, no. 13 (October 29, 2019): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.13.22897.

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This paper offers a biased review of digital platforms introduced recently and operated by national posts in several European Union countries. Authors chose the most interesting cases, including those deemed as most successful, those that failed, and the most modern ones. The paper compares diverse European experience with modern solutions introduced by the Japan Post. Methods used for delivering the study included direct interviews with Japan Post officials and systematic review of official documents and announcements by national post operators in European countries covered bin the paper. European Union Member States, and their national postal operators seem to be well ahead of Japan in the way modern technology is utilized in the process of providing traditional (and new) postal services. Paper makes an attempt to show how representative national postal operators benefit from advanced Information and Telecommunication technology and by replacing the manner in which postal services are rendered. There are numerous successful cases of digital platform implementation, like those from Denmark, France, Czech Republic, and Poland, among others. One will find interesting insight into reasons for failed case from Italy among conclusions, at the end of the paper. Environmental issues are also addressed, along with e-government issues. It happens that European Union postal operators optimize their operations with modern technology in the form of digital platforms in a much wider scope than the Japan Post. Japanese organizations deal with extremely challenging geographic conditions. This, in turn, should motivate much more advanced optimization by the means of solutions enabled by digital platforms.
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V, Kovorotnyi, and Levchenko O. "PROBLEMS OF HUMAN RESOURCES OF THE ENTERPRISES OF THE TRANSPORT COMPLEX OF UKRAINE." National Transport University Bulletin 49, no. 2 (2021): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-2-49-084-094.

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The object of research – staffing, labor market trends and employment in enterprises by type of activity «Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities». The purpose of the work – 1) to investigate 93 the indicators of wages and labor movement in domestic enterprises by type of economic activity «Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities»; 2) compare labor market indicators with those of the European Union. The research method is monographic and statistical. The article is devoted to the study of trends in the staffing of domestic enterprises by type of economic activity «Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities», including by sectors: land transport, water transport, air transport, warehousing and ancillary activities in the field of transport, sweating and courier activities. An international comparison of wage indicators in these sectors of economic activity «Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities». The results of the study show that the main trends in the labor market by type of economic activity «Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities» are unequal pay in the sectors of economic activity; high staff turnover; growing demand for skilled workers; uncompetitive level of wages compared to the countries of the European Union; the possibility of free movement of labor to EU countries. This situation complicates the work of domestic enterprises and negatively affects their efficiency. Further areas of research are to study the dependence of the efficiency of enterprises of the activity «Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities» on the general economic and social factors that have formed in Ukraine; development of proposals for the formation of state personnel policy in the field of transport. KEY WORDS: PERSONNEL, HUMAN RESOURCES, TRANSPORT, STATE POLICY, EMPLOYMENT, WAGES, LABOR MARKET, PERSONNEL TURNOVER, TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
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Metelkin, Evgeny N., and Tatiana E. Sokhor. "National museums of communication and postal service in postal miniature of Germany, France and Russia." Issues of Museology 14, no. 2 (2024): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2023.201.

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In the second half of the 19th century, almost simultaneously with the establishment of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) in 1874, postal museums began to open across Europe. The first postal museums opened in the UPU founding countries — Germany and Russia. The objectives and concepts of these museums were presented differently to their organizers. In Germany they tried to cover the history of the world mail, in Russia — the development of telegraph, as the most modern means of communication, and France — demonstrated a desire to become the capital of typology. The creation of postal museums, which were seen not only as cultural phenomena but also as a national strategic element, also involved national governments (or their departments). The Second World War changed not only philatelic themes, but also influenced changes in display activities. Today there are postal museums in virtually every country in the world, but not every philatelic production reflects the stages of their creation and development. Images of world postal museums, their creators and exhibits in the Timbrology media space emphasize that postage stamps, in addition to their main purpose — payment for postal messages, perform supplementary functions — advertising and educational.
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Šarac, Dragana, Miloš Kopić, Katarina Mostarac, Momčilo Kujačić, and Bojan Jovanović. "Application of Set Covering Location Problem for Organizing the Public Postal Network." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 28, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v28i4.1962.

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Most countries of the European Union ensure certain obligations (criteria) which universal service providers must meet to ensure the realization of the universal service. These criteria vary from country to country, giving their own choice of an optimal model for the density of the postal network. Such postal network of the operator providing universal postal service must be organized so that post offices are accessible at the optimal distance from the user. This paper presents two different approaches. The first one is based on the population criteria determined in the previous study. The second one is new, a general method created to determine the minimum number of postal unit applications of Set Covering Location Problem. The authors apply both methods on real data collected from the Serbian municipalities and finally, compare the obtained results.
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Poljak, Gabriela, Tatjana Bilac, Milica Nikolic, Ruzica Ignjatovic, and Svetlana Nikolicic. "Analysis of the Development of Postal Services in European Countries, with a Special Focus on Serbia and Slovakia." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 31, no. 52 (June 1, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2023-0001.

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Abstract The aim of the work is to indicate the direction of development of postal services by means of various analyses. According to the trend of recent years, the number of letters in domestic and international traffic keeps decreasing, while the number of parcels keeps increasing. The Universal Postal Union and the postal organizations of individual countries must respond to this trend. Of course, the Covid-19 pandemic, the complex geopolitical situation in Eastern Europe and the current energy crisis have had a significant impact on postal services. The analysis includes the EU member states, Schengen countries and Balkan countries. Indicators like average area covered by a permanent office and average number of inhabitants served by a permanent are analyzed. The comparative analysis of postal services in Serbia and Slovakia includes the number of letter, parcel and express services, revenues from these services and data on the coverage of the postal network in these countries. With the help of the analysis performed in this paper, a good example can be found and a way for further development in the functioning of the postal market and the provision of postal services. For example: new parcel services must be introduced, delivery times must be shortened, and the sending and receiving of parcels must be facilitated.
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Mokgohloa, Kgabo, Mukondeleli Grace Kanakana-Katumba, Rendani Wilson Maladzhi, and Sbusiso Xaba. "Postal Digital Transformation Dynamics—A System Dynamics Approach." Systems 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2023): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11100508.

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The key motivation of the study was to explore and enlarge our understanding of the factors that inhibit and drive the performance of the postal sector in a dynamic setting in the context of Southern Africa. This study was prompted by the unsatisfactory performance of the postal sector in Southern Africa as measured by the Integrated Index on Postal Development (2IPD), an index used by the Universal Postal Union to measure the performance of posts across the globe on dimensions of reliability, resilience, reach, and relevance. Postal operators across the world are faced with inescapable business model disruptions steered by the digital era, and Southern Africa is not an exception. System dynamics was adopted as a modelling approach to simulate the interaction of the stocks (digital culture, operations capability, adoption, and financial performance). The system dynamics approach revealed that the postal sector can be described as a complex phenomenon due to intricate interdependent variables that interact in a dynamic setting. The complex nature of the postal sector is further amplified by multiple feedback systems of non-linear relations. The results of the study point to the complex interaction of these variables that inhibit and drive the digital transformation and competitiveness of the postal sector. It is by grasping these complexities that decision-makers and policymakers can exploit the insights revealed by this research to direct the postal sector toward a sustainable future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Postal union"

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Potter, John E. (John Edward). "A study of labor-management relations : the United States Postal Service and the American Postal Workers Union." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11507.

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Karl, Estupinan Claudio. "Three essays on the economics of the postal sector." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209834.

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This dissertation contributes to the literature and current discussions on the European postal markets and the universal service obligations (USO). It consists of three independent chapters.

In chapter one, we investigate the consumers' preferences for various kinds of postal services. As such, we begin by reviewing the market and regulatory conditions for Europe and for our case study, Belgium. Then using data provided by the incumbent provider, the Belgian post (Bpost), we estimate demand price elasticities. The data comprises customer transactional information on letter mail, direct mail, parcels & express services, press delivery and value added services for the 2008-2009 period. These categories constitute not only the important lines of services that Bpost offers to its clients but also the main segments that constitute the whole Belgian postal market. As such, and using standard methods, we estimate for each service an equation that explains demand by prices, product varieties (i.e. mixes or combinations of volume, weight, priority and destination, inter alia), income, regulation proxies and other socioeconomic variables. The estimated price elasticities for regulated and partially regulated services are around -1.1, whereas for unregulated segments they fluctuate between -2.1 and -2.8. The lowest price elasticity is obtained for direct mail services (-1.0); the highest ones are associated with value added services (-2.1) and registered mail (-3.3). Price elasticities may be influenced by the cyclical effects during the period of analysis. Therefore, elasticities are higher when compared with the empirical evidence obtained for other countries and through the various methodologies applied over the last decades. The fact that technological substitutes, such as expenditures on telephony and internet access for daily and administrative mail services and, radio and television advertising for direct mail services, could not be accounted for (because there were no data available) may however be considered as a major limitation for the scope of our results.

In the second chapter, we explore theoretically the effects of the USO on unregulated markets. In particular, we are interested in investigating its welfare effects when the provision of services cannot be technologically separated. We present a model in which there is an incumbent who provides two services: a universal service and a non-USO service, the latter opened to competition. This is the case of letter mail and direct (or bulk) mail, services which have quite different purposes and regulatory frameworks (i.e. the former is fully regulated whereas the latter is liberalized under the current European Internal Market framework), but are jointly produce at some stages of the postal value chain. The USO is simplified to two dimensions, affordability and quality, implemented as a price cap and a minimum quality standard (MQS) for the provision of letter mail services. The latter involves the technological aspects that we are interested in. We find that the definition of the USO plays an important role in organizing markets that are open to competition. When it imposes few quality requirements (low MQS), the incumbent is not cost efficient enough to provide the high-quality variant of bulk mail, allowing its competitors to cream-skim the segment. However, because there are cost economies, the firm's participation in the segment yields a higher average quality of mail services at lower prices. When the USO is too comprehensive (high MQS), the incumbent exhibits large cost economies that ensure a dominant position in the provision of bulk mail services. Consumers are worse off as competition induces too much service differentiation in order to make profitable the provision. Relaxing the definition of the USO mitigates the competitive advantage of the USP and so, yields improvements in welfare. In the absence of access costs, firms will find profitable to participate in the bulk mail segment. However, foreclosure happens if the USO induces the incumbent to exhibit significant fixed costs. Therefore, the USP may end up as the sole supplier of bulk mail services if the definition of the USO imposes too many quality requirements (high MQS). In that case, the authority must balance the welfare gains of defining USO with the welfare losses of the consumers of the contested service.

Finally, in the third chapter we consider the ownership aspect of the provision of universal services as an incentive to introduce competition. One can further segment the provision between services for customers located in high-cost areas and services for customers located in low-cost areas. Additionally, under the current EU legislation, the supply is divided between upstream activities (e.g. collection and sorting) and downstream activities (i.e. delivery). The provision of upstream activities in high-cost areas remains in hands of the incumbent firm or the owner of the downstream (delivery) network. The upstream provision in low-cost areas is open to competition, but a retailer may be vertically integrated/separated or legally unbundled with the downstream firm. Legal unbundling means, in our model, that the downstream firm and one upstream firm located in the low-cost area belong legally to the same entity entitled to all profits, whom does not have full control rights over the firms' decisions. That is to say, upstream activities and the downstream services will be managed separately under the same ownership. In this framework we analyze the firm's boundaries in terms of competition development and welfare. We implement two criteria to answer questions like, does vertical separation promotes competition (entry of firms) while covers a larger demand than vertical integration? Does vertical integration demand less public funds to cover demand? Does legal unbundling is worse than ownership separation to promote competition? The first criterion is the probability of entry (of the potential upstream firm), which we determine for each modes of ownership. The second criterion is the cost of public funds. It is implemented by defining a loss function as the difference between the expected consumer surplus when the downstream firm chooses an access fee that maximizes its profits and the consumer surplus when access is priced at marginal cost. The use of both criteria let us conclude that efficient entry occurs when the downstream firm is vertically separated or legally unbundled of the retailer providing services in the low-cost area. However, it is under legal unbundling that the access charge takes its lowest value. The highest cost of public transfers is obtained when firms are vertically separated, but the lowest one is attained when firms are legally unbundled. Therefore legal unbundling constitutes the preferred organizational form to induce competition and to reduce the cost of public funds.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Finch, Suzanne L. "Development strategies for the United States Postal Service terminal annex and the Los Angeles union passenger terminal." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73757.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaf 112.
by Suzanne L. Finch.
M.S.
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Leo, Michael Charles. "A Mixed-Methods and Multi-Level Investigation of the Effects of a Crew Chief Intervention on Job Attitudes, Occupational Stress, and Organizational Commitment." PDXScholar, 2006. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2758.

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High-profile instances of workplace violence and increased pressure from competitors have threatened the viability of one of the nation's largest employers, the United States Postal Service (USPS). As a result, the USPS began a massive change effort in the early 1990's. One of the initiatives implemented to improve labor-management relations was a derivative of the self-managed work team known as the crew chief program. This study provides a mixed-methods and multi-level approach to understand the impact this unique program had on organizational attitudes. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether the crew chief program reduced employees' stress and strain and improved job and supervisory satisfaction and company and union commitment, while controlling for the nesting of employees within sites and employee demographic characteristics. The second aim was to replicate and extend the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) model of stress and to determine whether employee perceptions of crew chief support moderated the relationships between stressors, strain, and outcomes. I evaluated Aim 1 using data from 177 mail processors from 27 units matched from baseline to one-year follow-up with hierarchical linear modeling. This was followed up with an implementation analysis of qualitative data to determine the extent to which the program was implemented compared to the original design. I evaluated Aim 2 using structural equation modeling from 538 mail processors who participated at follow-up. There was little quantitative support for Aim 1. However, the results of the implementation analysis suggested that the crew chief program was not functioning as conceived. Aim 2 received strong support, with almost all of the main effects of the SSO model replicated. However, there was no support for the moderator effects. Additionally, I found role ambiguity to have direct relationships with other organizational outcomes beyond the indirect effects via strain and that crew chief support was strongly related to stressors and outcomes. These findings reinforce the notion that employing both quantitative and qualitative methods can dramatically improve the quality of organizational research. Based on these findings, I describe several suggestions for improvements to this specific program and for improving future initiatives aimed at enhancing labor-management relations.
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Ripley, Stefanie. "Finding balance between the competing interests of national and European Union law and economic and social policies through the posted workers directive." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/finding-balance-between-the-competing-interests-of-national-and-european-union-law-and-economic-and-social-policies-through-the-posted-workers-directive(725b079b-c825-4675-acc4-d5c20f36e754).html.

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The objective and purpose of this PhD is to provide pragmatic solutions to the Posted Workers Directive 96/71/EC.1 This European Union legislation is designed to govern a unique category of worker that moves throughout the internal market temporarily under the provision of services. The Directive was created to protect workers’ rights, combat social dumping by ensuring a climate of fair competition and promote the transnational provision of services. In practice, it has failed to fulfil its objectives, as seen by the Laval Triplet.2 Therefore, following a thorough analysis of the issues that are intrinsic to the Directive itself and also highlight wider issues such as the competing interests of the internal market and national labour law as well as the conflicting economic and social policy interests, this thesis will provide legislative solutions which will constitute the requisite original contribution to knowledge. The thesis is composed of five parts, beginning with the Introduction and ending with the Conclusions. The central Chapters follow the chronological order of the Directive’s story as follows: Chapter 1 details why and how the Directive was created including an analysis of the early case law; Chapter 2 analyses the issues associated with the Directive and it offers an original critique of the Court’s interpretation of the Directive; and Chapter 3 reviews the solutions that have already been suggested by the EU Institutions, the European Social Partners and the academic literature before providing my own input to the field. The form of methodology adopted throughout is therefore doctrinal.
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Laborie, Léonard. "La France, l'Europe et l'ordre international des communications (1865-1959)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040199.

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Les flux télégraphiques et postaux internationaux sont régulés à partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle par le biais d’organisations internationales spécifiquement créées à cet effet : l’Union télégraphique internationale (1865 ; qui devient en 1932 Union internationale des télécommunications) et l’Union générale des postes (1874 ; qui devient en 1878 Union postale universelle). Ces rènes de coopération sont le lieu d’élaboration de normes tarifaires et techniques, assurant l’interconnexion des réseaux nationaux. L’objet de cette thèse est de retracer l’histoire de la politique de la France à leur égard. Ceci afin de mieux cerner la manière dont se construit et évolue un ordre international des communications du milieu du XIXe siècle au milieu du XXe siècle, autour d’institutions, de règles et de valeurs partagées par les partenaires de la coopération. La coopération technique est un objet d’histoire européen –à la fois international et transnational–, permettant d’aborder la question de l’articulation entre universalisme et régionalisme ainsi qu’entre ordre européen issu du XIXe siècle et construction européenne amorcée au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Since the middle of the XIXth Century, international connexions between national postal and telecommunication networks have been regulated through multilateral cooperation. This thesis aims at analysing the policy of France towards the International Telegraph Union (then renamed International Telecommunications Union) and the Universal Postal Union, from their creation to the foundation of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication Administrations in 1959. These institutions were arenas where international regulation (with both technical and commercial standards) was debated and cast by specific professional communities. The history of technical cooperation provides an international and transnational perspective for a history of European communication networks. It tackles the questions of the articulation between universalism and regionalism as well as between European order inherited from the XIXth Century and the European construction launched after the Second World War
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Kardaczová, Karolína. "Analýza projektu jednotného mechanismu řešení krizí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206169.

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The final thesis follows the effort of the European Union to transfer responsibility for issues in the banking sector from taxpayers to its shareholders and creditors. It adopts many new tools and measures. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the banking union project, which unifies the supervision and procedures for solving the crisis at the European level. Emphasis is placed on the newly adopted Single resolution mechanism. Since the adopted legislation does not apply exclusively to the Eurozone countries the second part of the thesis analyses the implementation of the BRRD into Czech law, and the related amendments concerning the Czech banking sector. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the crisis resolving procedure, which is specified in the third chapter on the example of a fictitious bank. The example monitors tools and measures that can be used in various life stages of a bank. It is mainly based on the rules laid down in BRRD and the Czech legislation ZOPRK.
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Belov, Vjačeslav. "Analýza požadavků na bezpečnost strojních zařízení v Evropské unii a Euroasijském ekonomickém svazu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318674.

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The diploma thesis analyzes the European, Czech and Russian standards and requirements for ensuring safety of machinery and methodical process to ensure safety through certification of machinery and centrifugal pumps specially introduced onto the market in the Eurasian Economic Union and the Russian Federation. The first part describes the legislative documents, their properties and the current legislative requirements of EU and EAES. In the second part is an analysis and described comparison of legislative safety requirements of the European Union, the Czech Republic, the Eurasian Economic Union and the Russian Federation. In the third part is described comparison of standards, and were made updates. In the practical part is an analysis of risks pump manufacturer "SIGMA GROUP" according to the requirements EAES and proposed methods for reducing risk prevention. Also in the practical part is analyzed and is created methodical preparation of certification of machinery and pumps placed on the market in the Eurasian Economic Union and the Russian Federation.
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Hsieh, Wei-Ju, and 謝委儒. "An Effect Study on the Leadership Styles and identity of Labor Union Orgaizations and the Union Trust-The case of The Chungwa Postal Workers Union." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g536nd.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
經營管理研究所在職專班
102
Abstract Since corporatization of Chunghwa Post in 2003, it has become the company which mainly relies on profits. However, Chunghwa Post still undertakes social responsibility from the country. It is important to find the balance between corporate profit and social responsibility. In recent years, total economic environment changes dramatically and enterprises must frequently adapt to new change. In original survival model, different types of stress intrude in daily lives. Besides, the government continuously promotes organizational reengineering. With complicated tasks and simplified manpower, post offices have fewer employees and more complicated works and service quality is continuously required. Post office employees in modern time encounter enormous work stress. Employees tend to seek help from labor union and post office associations in order to find the balance between labor and capital. However, post office employees’ intention to seek help from labor union usually depends on their identification with labor union. Leadership of labor union when dealing with employees usually determines employees’ trust in labor union. Therefore, post office employees’ organizational identification with labor union and leadership & capacity of coordination are important for members’ trust in labor union. Members should trust labor union in order to inform it of their difficulties or needs at work. Labor union needs members’ support to work for employees. This study aims to probe into effects of Chunghwa Post Association (CPA) members’ organizational identification and leadership of labor union on employees’ trust in labor union. It aims to balance the work in post offices, enhance harmony in workplace of post office employees and help solve life, physical and mental problems of post office employees and obstacles at work. This study adopted questionnaire survey and distributed questionnaires to 450 CPA members. 437 questionnaires were retrieved, including 401 valid ones, with a valid return rate of 92%. The data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics, t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’ method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and regression analysis. The hypotheses were validated, and the findings are shown as follows: 1.CPA members mostly agree with “involvement” of scale of “organizational identification”; as to scale of “leadership”, “total leadership” is the most important; in addition, in scale of “trust in labor union”, “trust in total labor union” is the most important. 2.CPA members with different post office working years have significant difference on “organizational identification” and “trust in labor union”. 3.CPA members of different genders and marital statuses and educational levels and post office identities and service units have significant difference on “organizational identification”, “leadership” and “trust in labor union”. 4.CPA members’ “organizational identification” with labor union has highly positive correlation with “leadership”. 5.CPA members’ “organizational identification” with labor union has highly positive correlation with “trust in labor union”. 6.CPA members’ perceived “leadership” of labor union has highly positive correlation with “trust in labor union”. 7.CPA members’ “organizational identification” with and perceived “leadership” of labor union can significantly predict “trust in labor union”. “Total leadership” and “cohesion” are the most significant predictors. Keywords: Chunghwa Post, trust in labor union, leadership, organizational identification
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Kocinová, Kateřina. "Poštovní systém v Koreji v letech 1884-1905." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405650.

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This master's thesis deals with the topic of modernization of communication means in Korea during the late 19th century, namely with the intruduction, organizational structure and development process of the West-inspired postal system in 1884-1905. It further examines the extent of actual utility, accessibility and importance of postal services from the perspective of the then Korean society and government. This work is divided into two parts. The first one covers approximately the first half of 1880's, exploring the situation regarding the very brief existence of the first Korean post office, Ujŏngch'ongguk. This part also briefly deals with the alternative medium of modern communication, telegraph. It was, however, not until more than 10 years after the abolishment of the first post office that Korean postal services were resumed. In the second part of the thesis I inquire into the postal system's development throughout the period of so-called kabo reforms (1894-96) and the Korean Empire (1897-1905).
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Books on the topic "Postal union"

1

United States Postal Service. International Postal Affairs Department. Mailing to the Soviet Union. Washington, DC: U.S. Postal Service, International Postal Affairs Department, 1986.

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Capill, Colin. New Zealand and the Universal Postal Union to 1907. Wellington, N.Z: Royal Philatelic Society of New Zealand, 1993.

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Julie, White. Mail & female: Women and the Canadian Union of Postal Workers. Toronto: Thompson Educational Pub., 1990.

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Union, Universal Postal. Fourth additional protocol to the constitution: (together withdeclarations, general regulations, and rules of procedure of congresses), Washington, 14 December 1989 ... London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Chʻesinbu, Korea (South), and Universal Postal Union Congress, eds. '94 UPU Sŏul Chʻonghoe kyŏlgwa pogosŏ. [Seoul]: Chʻesinbu, 1994.

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Great Britain. Colonial Office. Canadian Post Office: Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 3 August 1846, for "copies of reports of any commission appointed by the Governor-General of Canada, since the union of the two provinces, to inquire into the state of the Canadian post office". [London: HMSO, 2001.

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Sympozjum Poczty Polskiej (5th 1997 Szczecin, Poland). V Sympozjum Poczty Polskiej: "Poczta polska w warunkach integracji z Unią Europejską". Szczecin: Poczta Polska, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Postal issues: The Department of State's implementation of its international postal responsibilities : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Union, Universal Postal. Taxation, reimbursement: Agreement between the United States of America and the Universal Postal Union, signed at Bern January 12, 1995 with annex. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1999.

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Plehwe, Dieter. Why and how do national monopolies go "global"?: International competition, supranational regionalism and the transnational reorganization of postal and logistics companies in Europe. Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum für Sozialforschung, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Postal union"

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Citaristi, Ileana. "Universal Postal Union—UPU." In The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022, 378–80. 24th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003292548-78.

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Canton, Helen. "Universal Postal Union—UPU." In The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2021, 368–70. 23rd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179900-56.

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Lyall, Francis. "International Postal Services and the Universal Postal Union." In Technology, Sovereignty and International Law, 122–41. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429293368-6.

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Campbell, James I. "Reforming the Universal Postal Union." In Future Directions in Postal Reform, 267–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1671-2_15.

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Magiera, Siegfried. "Weltpostverein (Universal Postal Union/UPU)." In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 430–32. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_129.

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Hearn, John. "The Universal Postal Union. Quo Vadis?" In Topics in Regulatory Economics and Policy, 145–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82692-5_10.

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Walsh, Tim. "Globalization, Posts, and the Universal Postal Union." In Current Directions in Postal Reform, 483–506. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4481-4_24.

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Campbell, James I., El Mostafa Gharbi, and Ross Hinds. "The Future of the Universal Postal Union." In Regulation and the Nature of Postal and Delivery Services, 7–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3120-3_2.

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Vivet, Emmanuel, and Roland Leray. "Is the Universal Postal Union Still Relevant?" In The Changing Postal and Delivery Sector, 333–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46046-8_22.

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Montero, Juan J. "Regulating Access to Postal Networks in the European Union." In Competitive Transformation of the Postal and Delivery Sector, 311–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8915-4_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Postal union"

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Sobrinho, Antonio Dickson, and Mário Vaz. "The Posted Workers and their difficulties in European Union." In 3rd Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. Porto: FEUP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-260-6_0056-0060.

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Dorrell, David G. "On the Use of the Frozen Permeability Method for Torque Separation in Synchronous Machines ▄Invited □ Oral □ Poster." In 2016 International Conference of Asian Union of Magnetics Societies (ICAUMS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaums.2016.8479892.

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Reuterink, Sander, André Schapink, Arjen Schoenmaker, and Jacques Bazen. "What are the effects of the sanctions between Russia and the European Union for the industry and agriculture in the region of Twente?" In Regional Innovation & Entrepreneurship Conference. Saxion, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14261/postit/0c6a2c6a-5687-474f-99f06aaa881d88d4.

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Šobot, Ankica. "Employment, Gender Equality and Family Policies: A Comparative Analysis of Post-Yugoslav Countries and the European Union." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.5.

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The gender perspective of economic activity implies the observation and explanation of differences between women and men. According to feminist literature, gender economic differences are a result of cultural norms that shape the asymmetrical division of gender roles in the private sphere. On the one hand, part-time employment is a form that has contributed to economic activity and women's employment, but on the other hand, it is more common among women and therefore contributes to the gender pay gap. Besides, the gender-specific nature of temporary contract employment shows that employment uncertainty is more prevalent among women. We explore the employment of young and middle-aged women in some post-Yugoslav countries, using LFS indicators from the Eurostat database, in a comparative perspective. Over the last ten years, Slovenia has consistently ranked among the countries with a high rate of economic activity for women aged 25-54. In 2022, the rate is the highest in Europe, reaching 90.5%. Additionally, the employment of women aged 20-49 who had children under the age of six is one of the highest in Europe. In 2021, the rate was 82.7%, which is 12 percentage points lower than men, marking one of the lowest gender gaps in the EU. In Croatia and Serbia, the rates are lower, and gender disparities are greater compared to Slovenia. However, these disadvantages are particularly pronounced in Serbia, where economic activity is over 10 pp lower and employment is almost 20 pp lower than in Slovenia. Although part-time employment is more common in Slovenia than in the other two post-Yugoslav countries, the percentages are significantly lower than the EU(27) average. In Slovenia, part-time employment was present in 11.5% of employed women aged 20-49 who had one child under the age of six, in 19.7% who had two, and in 25.7% who had three children of this age. In Croatia and Serbia, the percentages were almost 5 to 7% for women who had one or two children and between 11 to 12% for those who had three children under the age of six. Regarding temporary contracts, the percentage of employed women aged 25-54 years is lower in Slovenia (in 2021 - 9.1%) than in EU(27) (11.6%). Temporary contract employment is more prevalent in Serbia (19.0%) compared to Croatia (13.0%). This topic is important due to the issues of gender equality and family policies aimed at optimal conditions for decisions regarding parenthood and childbirth. The high employment rate of women in Slovenia and the relatively less prevalent part-time employment suggest the need for work-family reconciliation policies that support the full-time employment of both parents. In the other two post-Yugoslav countries, there is a need to boost the economic activity and employment of young and middle-aged women, as well as decrease temporary employment. Less favourable indicators are more pronounced in Serbia than in Croatia. The achievement of gender equality implies not only equality in employment but also the absence of gender-specific forms of employment that contribute to gender economic inequality.
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Beuk Kovačević, Nevena. "Consequences of economic transition on demographic processes in the Baranja region in the Republic of Croatia." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.48.

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The transition of the European former socialist countries had different consequences on their development. Most of the countries did not achieve the expected successes. The border regions in this context become connectors and initiators of the cross-border cooperation, due to the relation intensification between the transition countries and the developed countries of the European Union. The research studies the impact of the transition on the integration of the Baranja within the framework of the national and wider regional market - especially in the conditions of globalization, changes in the geographical position and the meaning of borders within the framework of the European Union and the Schengen area. The area of Baranja is organized as part of the Osijek-Baranja County, organized through nine local self-government units and 52 settlements, one of which is a town. Differences in the forms and intensity of spatial processes in the transition are conditioned by the location, traffic accessibility and the change in the meaning of the main centres of work and have influenced the strengthening of negative demographic processes near the state border. A demogeographical analysis was made according to the data available from authorized databases and supplemented by the research interview method. Demographic dynamics, total population change and changes in population structures from 1991 to the recent period, 2021, were analysed. A comparison of the age index over time indicates an advanced process of senility and the absence of bioreproductive potential. Traditionally low birth rates, war events and emigration of the population have had a negative impact on the recent regional demographic and economic development. In addition to intensive emigration, which was most pronounced in the nineties and after the accession to the European Union, this cumulatively adds to the impossibility of valorising the economic potential. Despite the expected development shifts through the process of transition, in the case of the border region of Baranja, the result is the opposite. In order to confirm this, the method of calculating a synthetic indicator, the index of demographic resources, was used. The components of the index are the demographic index and the education index and clearly indicate the collapse of the demographic potential in the observed area. Microsoft Excel and Arc Map 9.3 techniques were used for tabular analysis of statistical data and visualization of selected parameters. The region lags behind the national and European average because, at the beginning of the system reforms, it was not brought to an equally position to participate in development. New opportunities for the researched area appear due to the change in geographical position by joining the European Union and the Schengen area. A possible solution to stagnation would be economic development based on a multi-sectoral model of economic development. For the stabilization of rural areas and the inclusion of Baranja in regional flows and the European market, a more coherent spatial organization is necessary, with the functional strengthening of central settlements. The construction of the Vc corridor opens numerous opportunities for networking, cross-border cooperation and territorial cohesion.
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Jánošková, Kristína. "Comparison of the Legislative Requirements Governing the 2014-2020 Programming Period and the 2021-2027 Programming Period in the Slovak Republic." In EDAMBA 2023: 26th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. Bratislava: University of Economics in Bratislava, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2023.9788022551274.74-81.

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The programming period is a seven-year period in which the Member States of the European Union can draw funds for activities supported by the European Structural and Investment Funds. The institutional, procedural arrangements for the implementation of the European Funds within the Member States are regulated by European and national legislation. The paper aims to compare the 2014-2020 programming period and the 2021-2027 programming period in terms of the setup of processes resulting from national legislation. The comparison will be based on the comparison of Act 292/2014 on the Law on the and Law 121/2022 Coll. on contributions from European Union funds and on amendment and supplementation of certain acts. By analyzing the above-mentioned laws, we have found that from the institutional and procedural point of view, changes have been made in the setting of the new programming period. These changes could simplify the implementation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia in the coming years.
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Sieber, Jakub. "Environmental Aspect of Investment in Solar System in Example of Business Providing Public Services. Case from Slovak Republic." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.431-442.

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This paper focus on environmental investment made in small firm in solar system. Based on literature review and recently introduced financial mechanism of European Union for membership states to recover and help countries to become more efficient, digitalized, and face climate changes after COVID-19 crisis, it becomes crucial to point out that not all “green solutions” might yield sustainable advantages. Case from Slovak Republic shows that investment in solar system made in 2017 is dropping its competitive advantage when we calculate Life Cycle Assessment. Paper is dealing with national policies declared by state authorities in Slovak Republic and also European Union with tendency to lower emissions of CO2. When assuming that goals of state authorities and EU are reachable in field of energetic mix, in this particular case the firm will be leaving higher carbon footprint 10 years after investment in solar panels as it did not invest in solar system. In 2017, the savings in the carbon footprint of the surveyed company in LCA in absolute terms amounted to 1551 tons, or 0.03 tons per kWh, but by assumptions, in 2027 carbon footprint will be higher by 0,005 ton per kWh despite operating own solar system.
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Adigwe, Edward Onuwa. "Effects of Externality on Trade Dynamics and Sustainable Development in the European Economy." In EDAMBA 2023: 26th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. Bratislava: University of Economics in Bratislava, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2023.9788022551274.1-11.

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This research is concerned with the effects of externality on trade dynamics and sustainable development in the European Union Economy. The focus on trade dynamics as a measure of a country’s degree of responsiveness to international trade is critical where relative changes in the socio-economic trend and sustainable growth and development are essential. This paper aims to compare the relative measure of each country’s share of trade vis-à-vis the imports and exports to the gross domestic product (GDP) and to also ascertain the level of each country’s response to externality concerning sustainable growth and development. 2009 to 2019, representing the period after the 2008 global recession and the COVID-19 pandemic were used as the period under consideration. The ratio of trade to GDP was employed in the analysis to ascertain the level of trade in the European Union market. The findings showed that the relative comparison of the level of trade to the GDP in the European countries responded positively as an indicative measure of externality in assessing the sustainable economic development between countries in the European economy. This research is a significant contribution geared towards improving the economic realities of sustainability, leading to enhanced productivity within the context of international trade and externality in the European economy.
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Ramdani, Rismawati, Astrid Yuni Fanisa, and Deni Miharja. "Root square mean labeling of disjoint union of path and the middle graph of path." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING 2021 (SIMASE 2021): Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities in Environment, Science, and Engineering Research. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117163.

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Šoltésová, Erika. "Electronic Invoicing Information System." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.496-506.

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Implementation of Electronic invoicing via the Electronic invoicing information system is one of the first steps in the digitization of business. The process of accepting electronic invoicing in the European Union is based on Directive 2014/55/EU which has the goal of decreasing the barriers to crossborder procurement activities, ensuring an interoperable standard/norm for electronic invoicing in public procurement within the boundaries of European Union, and ensuring more straightforward and business-to-business transactions. The transition to this form of invoicing should save a significant part of the costs related to invoicing and significantly speed up and simplify the whole process. Despite the fact that this is a technology that is many years old, state institutions in the Slovak Republic are just beginning to work with this technology. The state's approach also has an impact on the willingness and motivation of private companies to implement it. Different lawful and technical prerequisites of electronic invoices create barriers to access the free market in cross-border public procurement and barriers to trade as they deter economic operators from engaging in cross-border public procurement activities. The aim of the article is to point out the requirements and technical standards, advantages, and disadvantages of the implementation of electronic invoicing information system accent with an emphasis on the current situation in the Slovak Republic. Due to the fulfillment of the main aim, analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction and deduction are used in the article.
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Reports on the topic "Postal union"

1

Lodge, Junior, and Jan Yves. The Promise of a Recalibrated Caribbean-European Union Partnership. Fundación Carolina, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff03en.

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The Caribbean and the European Union (EU) have been enjoined in a formal bi-regional relationship since the signing of the Lomé Convention in 1975, and are firm proponents of multilateralism, strong advocates of regional integration, democracy and rule of law, and reflect vibrant multi-ethnic and multilingual polities. The bi-regional relationship has evolved considerably over the intervening 45 years, and is reflected in formal agreements between the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States and the EU, and in the sphere of economic cooperation, has been strengthened with the signing of the Cariforum-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in 2008. The EU also remains a significant source of development cooperation for the Caribbean, complemented by a sui generis project management regime that includes multi-annual programming. Beyond this, the bi-regional ties have expanded into new areas of joint multilateral endeavour such as the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Despite the long and formal engagement, the Cariforum-EU partnership has not engendered either deep understanding of, or universal support in, each other’s conduct of multilateral negotiations. To the contrary, the partnership displays regular flashes of unease and arguably low-level tension. This paper seeks to assess the Caribbean-EU partnership in terms of its contribution of bi-regional trade and economic cooperation to Caribbean development, and possibilities for a renewed partnership considering new impulses shaping the Cariforum-EU relationship, including the post-Cotonou Agreement, Brexit, EU-LAC Political Dialogue and COVID-19 responses. A Cariforum-EU development agenda to fuel post-pandemic Caribbean recovery is mooted with the additional value of harnessing the promise of the revised partnership.
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Lee, Chulhee. Military Positions and Post-Service Occupational Mobility of Union Army Veterans, 1861-1880. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12416.

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Glick, Reuven, and Andrew Rose. Currency Unions and Trade: A Post-EMU Mea Culpa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21535.

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Costa, Dora, Noelle Yetter, and Heather DeSomer. Wartime Health Shocks and the Postwar Socioeconomic Status and Mortality of Union Army Veterans and their Children. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25480.

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Fairlie, Alan. New challenges for the European Union's Multiparty Trade Agreement with Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. Fundación Carolina, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff02en.

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This document analyses the trade and cooperation relations between the European Union and the Andean countries with which the Multiparty Trade Agreement was signed (Peru, Ecuador and Colombia). It also examines the progress and challenges in terms of the sustainable development agenda, political dialogue and cooperation within the framework of the agreement. From there, it explores the different technical difficulties that have arisen in the implementation of the agreement and the role of the monitoring bodies. The aim is to study the strategic importance of the agreement in relations between the European Union and Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, and its contribution to the post-pandemic economic recovery and the promotion of new development models.
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Poisson, A. C., Z. J. Siemsen, K. C. Horen, R. M. Buzard, and J. R. Overbeck. Developing flood impact assessments to support Alaska coastal communities (poster): American Geophysical Union meeting, Chicago, Illinois, December 12-15, 2022. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30916.

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Daanen, R. P., M. M. Darrow, and T. D. Hubbard. Frozen debris lobe stability, a function of thermal and hydrological processes (poster): American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, December 13, 2013. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/26886.

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Barradas, Ricardo. Why has labour productivity slowed down in the era of financialisation? Insights from the post-Keynesians for the European Union countries. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2022.03.

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This paper employs a panel data econometric approach in order to empirically ascertain the role of the phenomenon of financialisation in the deceleration of labour productivity in the European Union (EU) countries from 1980 to 2019. During that time, the EU countries suffered a huge structural transformation based on Reaganomics and Thatcherism and their financial systems have experienced strong liberalisation and deregulation, which have contributed to poor evolution of labour productivity and have revived fears around a new ‘secular stagnation’ in the era of financialisation. Grounded in post-Keynesian literature, the slowdown of labour productivity in the majority of developed economies in the last decades cannot be separated from the phenomenon of financialisation, which has occurred through four different channels, namely the weak economic performance, the decline in the labour income share, the increase in personal income inequality, and strengthening of the degree of financialisation. Our findings confirm that lagged labour productivity, economic performance, and labour income share have a positive impact on labour productivity in the EU countries, while personal income inequality and the degree of financialisation impact it negatively. Our findings also reveal that labour productivity in the EU countries in the last decades would have grown more if there had been a stronger economic performance, a smaller decline (or even a rise) of the labour income share, a smaller increase (or even a decrease) of personal income inequality, and a weakening of the degree of financialisation.
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Daanen, R. P., A. M. Emond, A. K. Liljedahl, Katey Walter-Antony, D. L. Barnes, Vladimir Romanovsky, and G. R. C. Graham. Use of airborne electromagnetic geophysical survey to map discontinuous permafrost in Goldstream Valley (poster): American Geophysical Union Fall meeting, San Francisco, California, December 12-16, 2016. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29814.

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Crafts, Nicholas, Emma Duchini, Roland Rathelot, Giulia Vattuone, David Chambers, Andrew Oswald, Max Nathan, and Carmen Villa Llera. Economic challenges and success in the post-COVID era: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Mirko Draca. CAGE Research Centre, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-01-3.

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In 2008 there was an expectation of major reform to social and economic structures following the financial crisis. The European Union (EU) referendum of 2016, and the UK’s subsequent exit from the EU in 2020, was also signalled as a turning point that would bring about epochal change. Now, in the waning of the coronavirus pandemic, we are experiencing a similar rhetoric. There is widespread agreement that the pandemic will usher in big changes for the economy and society, with the potential for major policy reform. But what will be the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the UK economy? Is the right response a “new settlement” or is some alternative approach likely to be more beneficial? This report puts forward a new perspective on the pandemic-related changes that could be ahead. The central theme is assessing the viability of epochal reform in policymaking. There seems to be a relentless desire for making big changes; however, there is arguably not enough recognition of how current settings and history can hold back these efforts. Foreword by: Dame Frances Cairncross, CBE, FRSE.
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