Books: 'Post-war occupation'

1

Ohara, Mayumi. English Language Teaching during Japan's Post-war Occupation. London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series:: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315157726.

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2

Buckley, Roger. The post-war occupation of Japan,1945-1952: Selected contemporary readings from pre-surrender to post-San Francisco Peace Treaty. Leiden: Global Oriental, 2012.

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3

1960-, Kitasaka Shin'ichi, ed. The business cycle in post-war Japan: An empirical approach. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 1997.

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4

Clemens, Diane Shaver. From isolationism to internationalism: The case study of American occupation planning for post-war Germany 1945-1946. Berkeley, CA: Center for German and European Studies, University of California, 1993.

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5

Remaking the conquering heroes: The social and geopolitical impact of the post-war American occupation of Germany. New York: Palgrave, 2001.

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6

Buckley, Roger. Wars and Rumours of War, 1918-1945: Japan, the West and Asia Pacific. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823247.

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Wars and Rumours of War brings together a wide selection of contemporary English-language primary material in order to illustrate how authors from both Asia and the West saw contemporary events. For the first time, this new series makes available books, journal essays and periodical articles, many of which may be absent from standard bibliographies, with a view to widening debate and underlining the diversity of opinion that was available to contemporary audiences in Asia and beyond who were anxious to follow developments as they unfolded. Roger Buckley, who also edited the successful The Post-War Occupation of Japan (2013) series, argues that no apology should be required for this immediacy and that evidence drawn from the era must remain the bedrock for any retrospective analysis. In a world of rival imperialisms all the powers wished to safeguard their interests on the Asian continent by deploying military force as and when an emergency dictated.

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7

Gorrara, Claire. Women's representations of the Occupation in post-'68 France. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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8

Read, Hugo. Consul in Japan, 1903-1941. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823643.

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A rare account by a foreigner working in Japan in the 20th century; a unique insight into this important period of Japan's history; complements existing material. First a student interpreter, then an assistant in Korea, Vice-Consul in Yokohama and Osaka, Consul in Nagasaki and Dairen, then Consul-General in Seoul, Osaka, Mukden and Tientsin. Not a contemporary diary as such, but a write-up of notes made towards the end of White's career spanning thirty-eight years. Importantly, it includes reflective passages on the momentous developments of the later 1930s, as Japan moved onto a war-footing in China - and as Consul-General in the Chinese treaty port of Tianjin under Japanese occupation, White was in the middle of the growing tensions between Britain and Japan. His post-war recollections are also valuable. Like others who had lived and worked in Japan, he sought to come to terms with what had happened to the country in which he had spent so much of his adult life. Along the way he provides fascinating vignettes of his colleagues, some well known, others less so, while his service in Seoul, Mukden (now Shenyang) and Tianjin provides fresh material on the Japanese colonial empire.

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9

Hansen, Marianne Nordli. Class and inequality in Norway: The impact of social class origin on education, occupational success, marriage and divorce in the post-war generation. Oslo: Institute for Social Research, 1995.

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10

1950-, Zakarian Zabelle, ed. Medic: The mission of an American military doctor in occupied Japan and wartorn Korea. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.

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11

Buchanan, John, and Mayumi Ohara. English Language Teaching During Japan's Post-War Occupation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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12

English Language Teaching During Japan's Post-War Occupation: Politics and Pedagogy. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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13

1955-, Turner Ian D., ed. Reconstruction in post-war Germany: British occupation policy and the Western zones, 1945-55. Oxford, UK: Berg, 1989.

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14

Post-War Occupation of Japan, 1945-1952 - Selected Contemporary Readings from Pre-Surrender to Post-San Francisco Peace Treaty: Pamphlets, Journals, Press and Reports. BRILL, 2013.

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15

Averill, Stephanie Trombley. Demilitarization and Democratization in the Post–World War II World. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037894.003.0008.

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This chapter looks at how, in the former Axis powers of Japan and Germany, the United States occupation authorities initially pursued policies that treated democratization and demilitarization as virtually synonymous. They believed a democracy could not flourish in either Japan or the Federal Republic of Germany until the military traditions had been purged from their national character and consciousness. The former aggressors faced total disarmament. Initial plans—embodied most drastically by the Morgenthau Plan to turn Germany into a pastoral country—were severe and uncompromising. However, once the Soviet Union had successfully acquired the atomic bomb, the United States concluded that measured rearmament in both countries was essential for the defense of democracy and the free world.

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16

Shibata, Masako. Japan and Germany under the U. S. Occupation: A Comparative Analysis of Post-War Education Reform. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2008.

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17

Japan and Germany under the U.S. Occupation: A Comparative Analysis of Post-War Education Reform (Studies of Modern Japan). Lexington Books, 2005.

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18

Umland, Andreas, Felix Ackermann, Uilleam Blacker, Julie Fedor, and Andriy Portnov. Journal of Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society : 2015/2 : Double Special Issue : Back from Afghanistan : the Experiences of Soviet Afghan War Veterans and: Martyrdom and Memory in Post-Socialist Space. ibidem-Verlag, 2015.

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19

Allāh, Ḥammādī ʻAbd, ed. The traumatic events and mental health consequences resulting from the Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait. Kuwait: Al-Riggae Specialised Centre, 1994.

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20

Hoffmann, Stefan-Ludwig. Germany is No More: Defeat, Occupation, and the Postwar Order. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0026.

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This article focuses on a completely back lashed Germany after the Second World War. More people died in the Second World War than in any other conflict before or since. Particularly between the Elbe and the Volga, the Nazi war of extermination left a wasteland of death. This article traces the gradual transformations that came over Germany post 1945. After the ‘unconditional surrender’ of 8 May, 1945 — the formulation was initially coined for the defeated Southern states in the American Civil War — German territories came under the control of the four Allied Powers, creating an ambiguous legal status unprecedented in the history of modern international law. Divided into four major territories, each under the control of the allied forces, Germany was no longer a sovereign state. This article further traces the effects of the post-war era followed by the gradual embracing of democracy. The Cold War and the final descending of peace in the German territory winds up this article.

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21

Khromeychuk, Olesya. 'Undetermined' Ukrainians: Post-War Narratives of the Waffen SS 'Galicia' Division. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2013.

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22

Radics, Olivia, and Carl Bruch. The Law of Pillage, Conflict Resources, and Jus Post Bellum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784630.003.0007.

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This chapter explores the role of the law of pillage in the emerging body of jus post bellum with respect to temporal considerations as to its application; its relationship to the law of occupation; the scope of actors to whom pillage applies; and the legal and practical implications of approaching pillage as an economic crime. The chapter discusses questions such as to what extent does the law of pillage continue to apply during the post-conflict period and to whom does it apply? Would it include unelected transitional government officials who might be found liable for making decisions on natural resource concessions? Does the law of pillage apply to occupying forces having de facto or de jure control over a country? How would it relate to immovable state property in occupation? The chapter discusses the viability of war crimes prosecutions for pillage as well as of alternative avenues of accountability.

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23

Simons, Margaret A. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036941.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides an overview of Simone de Beauvoir's post-World War II political engagement. The key to Beauvoir's post-World War II political engagement is, of course, her experience of the war itself—an experience recounted in her Wartime Diary (2009) and in The Blood of Others (1945), a novel set in the French Resistance and written during the Nazi Occupation. Although Beauvoir escaped the worst horrors of the war—on the front lines or in the concentration camps—she lost friends murdered by the Nazis and found her own life profoundly changed. Indeed, the Occupation that began in June 1940 confronted her with the realization that freedom, which she had assumed to be a metaphysical given, was contingent upon an economic and political situation that she had previously ignored.

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24

Davis, Colin. Traces of War. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940421.001.0001.

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The legacy of the Second World War remains unsettled; no consensus has been achieved about its meaning and its lasting impact. This is pre-eminently the case in France, where the experience of defeat and occupation created the grounds for a deeply ambiguous mixture of resistance and collaboration, pride and humiliation, heroism and abjection, which writers and politicians have been trying to disentangle ever since. This book develops a theoretical approach which draws on trauma studies and hermeneutics; and it then focuses on some of the intellectuals who lived through the war and on how their experience and troubled memories of it continue to echo through their later writing, even and especially when it is not the explicit topic. This was an astonishing generation of writers who would go on to play a pivotal role on a global scale in post-war aesthetic and philosophical endeavours. The book proposes close readings of works by some of the most brilliant amongst them: Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Charlotte Delbo, Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, Louis Althusser, Jorge Semprun, Elie Wiesel, and Sarah Kofman.

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25

Brodie, Thomas. Of Collapses and Rebirths. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827023.003.0006.

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This chapter analyses German Catholics’ transitions from war to peace during the mid-1940s. Beginning its analysis in summer 1944, the chapter initially explores Catholics’ attitudes as the Reich collapsed under the weight of Allied offensives, and the theological frameworks employed to understand this devastation and defeat. The chapter then proceeds to examine the reasons behind the Catholic Church’s rising power and influence over the later 1940s during the Allied occupation of the Rhineland and Westphalia, and considers whether this reflected continuity or discontinuity from its position during the Second World War itself. The chapter argues that the Catholic Church’s newfound influence during the early post-war period reflected the peculiar circumstances of foreign occupation, with the clergy emerging as champions of the German population’s grievances vis-à-vis the Allied occupiers in the absence of secular German authorities.

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26

Gorrara, Claire. Women's Representations of the Occupation in Post-'68 France. Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.

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27

Balkelis, Tomas. Breaking from Isolation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668021.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on the transformation of the relationship between the Lithuanian national intelligentsia and population as a result of the Great War and the Russian February revolution. For the elite the war became a mobilizing moment that shattered their narrowly based party politics and unleashed a wave of mass activism. The war and revolution created a space for the emergence of new political visions and identities. The chapter discusses population mobilization as a result of two major developments brought about by war: civilians’ experience of occupation in the Ober Ost and population displacement in Russia proper. The first was shaped by the shifting German war aims and their efforts to integrate the Baltic region as a political entity dominated by Germany. The second brought nationally minded refugee relief politics that precipitated mass mobilization during the early post-war years.

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28

Mezger, Caroline. Forging Germans. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850168.001.0001.

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Forging Germans explores the nationalization and eventual National Socialist mobilization of ethnic German children and youth in interwar and World War II Yugoslavia, particularly in two of its multiethnic, post-Habsburg borderlands: the Western Banat and the Batschka. Drawing upon original oral history interviews, untapped archival materials from Germany, Hungary, and Serbia, and historical press sources, the book uncovers the multifarious ways in which political, ecclesiastical, cultural, and military agents from Germany colluded with local nationalist activists to inculcate Yugoslavia’s ethnic Germans with divergent notions of “Germanness.” As the book shows, even in the midst of Yugoslavia’s violent and shifting Axis occupation, children and youth not only remained the subjects, but became agents of nationalist activism, as they embraced, negotiated, redefined, proselytized, lived, and died for the “Germanness” ascribed to them. Forging Germans is conceptualized as a contribution to the study of National Socialism from a transnational and comparative perspective, to the mid-twentieth-century history of Southeastern Europe and its relation to Germany, to studies of borderland nationalism and experiences of World War II occupation, and to the history of childhood and youth.

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29

Borch, Fred L. Criminal Group Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777168.003.0009.

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During the Japanese occupation, the widespread and almost daily commission of war crimes by members of the Tokkeitai and Kempeitai resulted in a unique post-World War II approach to the prosecution of war crimes: If a war crime was committed within the framework of the activities of a group of persons in such a way that the crime could be ascribed to the group as a whole, then the crime was considered to have been committed by the group, and criminal proceedings could be taken against and sentences passed on all members of the group. This was a unique approach to the prosecution of war crimes; no other nation has ever used such a group criminal liability theory. This chapter examines the concept by looking at prosecutions involving the Japanese naval police (Tokkeitai) and military police (Kempeitai) and the 25th Army.

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30

Smedley, Julia, Finlay Dick, and Steven Sadhra. Medically unexplained occupational disorders. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651627.003.0016.

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Post-conflict illness in military personnel 332Sick building syndrome 334Karoshi: death from overwork 336In the aftermath of every major conflict over the past century, some returning personnel have complained of ill health. Some have symptoms of physical origin, others psychiatric disorder including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is a third group characterized by vague and non-specific symptoms, for which (despite extensive investigation) no cause is found. Different names have been ascribed to this third group, including Agent Orange syndrome and Gulf War illness. These syndromes share many common features. There are also similarities with other medically unexplained symptoms, including chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome and neurasthenia. All groups have definitive health care needs....

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31

Horn, Gerd-Rainer. The Moment of Liberation in Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199587919.001.0001.

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The moment of liberation in Western Europe, 1943-1948, regards the final two years of World War II and the immediate post-liberation period as a moment in twentieth century history, when the shape and contours of postwar Western Europe appeared highly uncertain and various alternatives and conflicting visions were up for grabs. After close to six years of total war, Nazi terror and brutal occupation policies, a growing number of Europeans were no longer content solely to fight for national liberation from fascist control. Having staked their lives in military and civilian resistance to Nazism and Italian fascism across the continent, surviving activists were aiming to ensure that such a political and social catastrophe would never befall Europe again. In the closing moments of World War II, hundreds of thousands of antifascist activists had begun to identify with the famous quote penned by the exiled German social theorists, Max Horkheimer, who had boldly proclaimed in early September 1939: ‘Whoever is not prepared to talk about capitalism should also remain silent about fascism.’ The economic and political elites in prewar societies were increasingly regarded as co-responsible for war, fascism and occupation policies, from which many had benefited significantly and often enthusiastically. There were extensive popular social movements at work in almost every single state which aimed to construct postwar societies in which grassroots democracy and the free association of rank-and-file activists would replace the profit principle and the top-down Jacobin orientation by traditional elites. This book for the first time reconstructs the parameters of this contest over the shape of postwar Western Europe from a consistently transnational perspective.

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32

Burt, Ramsay. Blasting Out of the Past. Edited by Mark Franko. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314201.013.17.

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This chapter analyzes three reenactments by the Slovenian director Janez Janša, two reconstructions of experimental performances made under communism in Ljubljana during the late 1960s and early 1970s by poets and performers associated with the Pupilija group, and one which subversively reappropriates canonical contemporary dance works from the United States, Germany, and Japan. The two earlier works, it argues, interrogate the utopian ideals espoused by the communist partisans who freed Yugoslavia from German occupation during World War II. It develops a framework for this analysis by drawing on Walter Benjamin’s discussion of the philosophy of history and on Michel de Certeau’s work on memory and the everyday. It places the three reconstructions in their social, historical, and political context and evaluates their meanings in relation to misperceptions about art in post-communist countries.

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33

Higashida, Cheryl. Rosa Guy, Haiti, and the Hemispheric Woman. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036507.003.0005.

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This chapter examines Rosa Guy's Black feminist and queer engagement with tropes and discourses of twentieth-century radical literature about Haitian Revolution generated by the U.S. occupation of Haiti (1918–1934) and interwar anticolonialism. Although Guy is a little-known figure of the post-World War II Black Left, she cofounded two of its influential institutions: the Harlem Writers Guild and the Cultural Association for Women of African Heritage. Over thirty years after the height of this activism, Guy reflected on the limitations of Black nationalism and its Left articulations in her novel, The Sun, The Sea, a Touch of the Wind (1995). Guy's novel revises Black masculinist messianism, and in representing the ongoing history of American military intervention in the Caribbean, makes critique of U.S. imperialism central to Black feminism.

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34

Ní Aoláin, Fionnuala, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Conflict brings together leading interdisciplinary scholars, policymakers, and practitioners to address a complex range of challenges, contexts, geographies, and issues that arise for women and men in the context of armed conflict. The Handbook addresses war and peace, humanitarian intervention, countering violence and extremism, the United Nations Women, Peace, and Security Agenda, sexual violence, criminal accountability, autonomous weapons, peacekeeping, refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) status, the political economy of war, the economics of conflict, as well as health and economic security. It begins with theoretical approaches to gender and conflict, drawing on the areas of international, peace and conflict, feminist, and masculinities studies. The Handbook explores how women and men’s pre-war societal, economic, and legal status relates to their conflict experiences, affecting the ways in which they are treated in the post-conflict transitional phase. In addition to examining these conflict and post-conflict experiences, the Handbook addresses the differing roles of multiple national and international actors, as well as the UN led Women, Peace, and Security Agenda. Contributions survey the regulatory framework and gendered dimensions of international humanitarian and international human rights law in situations of conflict and occupation as well as addressing, and critiquing, the gendered nature and content of international criminal law. The Handbook also includes grounded country case studies exploring different gendered experiences of conflict in various regions. As a whole, this Handbook seeks to critically examine the contemporary gender-based challenges that emerge in conflict and post-conflicts contexts.

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35

Dominy, Graham. Soldiers in Garrison. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040047.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the problem of discipline within the ranks of the Victorian army stationed at Fort Napier and how alcohol abuse sparked the mutiny of the Cape Mounted Riflemen (CMR) detachment at the Bushman's River post in 1852. Drunkenness was almost all-pervasive at Fort Napier throughout its existence as a garrison center. The abuse of alcohol provided the fuel for conflict in various incidents, both minor and major. The chapter first provides a background on the CMR, also known as the Cape Corps, in the Colony of Natal before discussing “interior life” in the garrison. It then describes the dispersal of small units across Zululand and how it exacerbated the general problems of crime and drunkenness among soldiers. It also analyzes the CMR mutiny in the context of the Eighth Frontier War (1850–53) in the eastern Cape; this event and the mutiny of the Inniskilling Fusiliers at Fort Napier in 1887 were the most pronounced episodes of indiscipline and inhumanity to occur during the seven decades of military occupation.

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36

Zakarian, Zabelle, and Crawford F. Sams. Medic: The Mission of an American Military Doctor in Occupied Japan and Wartorn Korea (East Gate Book). M.E. Sharpe, 1998.

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37

Macak, Kubo. Internationalized Armed Conflicts in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819868.001.0001.

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This book examines and analyses the concept, the process, and the consequences of conflict internationalization from the perspective of international law. In a world defined by the twin forces of globalization and fragmentation, very few armed conflicts remain isolated from foreign involvement and confined to the territory of one state. Instead, many begin as internal conflicts that gradually acquire international characteristics of varying degree and nature. This holds true for nearly all major conflicts that have shaped the post-Cold War era: ex-Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Ukraine, Syria, Yemen, and so on. Accordingly, this book searches for the tipping points that convert non-international armed conflicts into international armed conflicts. On that basis, it argues for a specific conceptualization of ‘internationalized armed conflict’ in international law, understood to comprise prima facie non-international armed conflicts, whose legal nature has transformed, thus triggering the applicability of the law of international armed conflict to them. The book then puts forward a comprehensive catalogue of modalities of the process of internationalization that includes outside intervention, state dissolution, and recognition of belligerency. Turning to the consequences of internationalization, the book highlights that the intra-state origin of internationalized conflicts provides for an uneasy match with many of the precepts of the law of international armed conflict, which has historically evolved as a regulatory framework for inter-state wars. Of those, the regulation of combatancy and the law of belligerent occupation are where the principal legal questions lie and which are examined in depth in this book.

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Books on the topic 'Post-war occupation'

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