Journal articles: 'Post tsunami reconstruction'

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MAGLIOLA, Robert. "Post Tsunami Reconstruction in Indonesia." IABSE Congress Report 17, no. 8 (January 1, 2008): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137908796292966.

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Knight, Jasper, and James R. Goff. "Coastal science for post-tsunami reconstruction." Holocene 26, no. 8 (July 28, 2016): 1334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616638438.

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Aspinall, Edward. "Indonesia after the Tsunami." Current History 104, no. 680 (March 1, 2005): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2005.104.680.105.

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The post-tsunami relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction efforts … pose enormous challenges for a new government that inherits, and is partly a product of, a ramshackle and ineffective state apparatus.

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Koshimura, Shunichi, and Nobuo Shuto. "Response to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami disaster." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2053 (October 28, 2015): 20140373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0373.

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We revisited the lessons of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami disaster specifically on the response and impact, and discussed the paradigm shift of Japan's tsunami disaster management policies and the perspectives for reconstruction. Revisiting the modern histories of Tohoku tsunami disasters and pre-2011 tsunami countermeasures, we clarified how Japan's coastal communities have prepared for tsunamis. The discussion mainly focuses on structural measures such as seawalls and breakwaters and non-structural measures of hazard map and evacuation. The responses to the 2011 event are discussed specifically on the tsunami warning system and efforts to identify the tsunami impacts. The nation-wide post-tsunami survey results shed light on the mechanisms of structural destruction, tsunami loads and structural vulnerability to inform structural rehabilitation measures and land-use planning. Remarkable paradigm shifts in designing coastal protection and disaster mitigation measures were introduced, leading with a new concept of potential tsunami levels: Prevention (Level 1) and Mitigation (Level 2) levels according to the level of ‘protection’. The seawall is designed with reference to Level 1 tsunami scenario, while comprehensive disaster management measures should refer to Level 2 tsunami for protection of human lives and reducing potential losses and damage. Throughout the case study in Sendai city, the proposed reconstruction plan was evaluated from the tsunami engineering point of view to discuss how the post 2011 paradigm was implemented in coastal communities for future disaster mitigation. The analysis revealed that Sendai city's multiple protection measures for Level 2 tsunami will contribute to a substantial reduction of the tsunami inundation zone and potential losses, combined with an effective tsunami evacuation plan.

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Martínez, Carolina, Octavio Rojas, Paula Villagra, Rafael Aránguiz, and Katia Sáez-Carrillo. "Risk factors and perceived restoration in a town destroyed by the 2010 Chile tsunami." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 5 (May 19, 2017): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-721-2017.

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Abstract. A large earthquake and tsunami took place in February 2010, affecting a significant part of the Chilean coast (Maule earthquake, Mw of 8.8). Dichato (37° S), a small town located on Coliumo Bay, was one of the most devastated coastal areas and is currently under reconstruction. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the risk factors that explain the disaster in 2010, as well as perceived restoration 6 years after the event. Numerical modeling of the 2010 Chile tsunami with four nested grids was applied to estimate the hazard. Physical, socioeconomic and educational dimensions of vulnerability were analyzed for pre- and post-disaster conditions. A perceived restoration study was performed to assess the effects of reconstruction on the community. It was focused on exploring the capacity of newly reconstructed neighborhoods to provide restorative experiences in case of disaster. The study was undertaken using the perceived restorativeness scale. The vulnerability variables that best explained the extent of the disaster were housing conditions, low household incomes and limited knowledge about tsunami events, which conditioned inadequate reactions to the emergency. These variables still constitute the same risks as a result of the reconstruction process, establishing that the occurrence of a similar event would result in a similar degree of devastation. For post-earthquake conditions, it was determined that all neighborhoods have the potential to be restorative environments soon after a tsunami. However, some neighborhoods are still located in areas devastated by the 2010 tsunami and again present high vulnerability to future tsunamis.

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Rahmayati, Yenny. "Reframing “building back better” for post-disaster housing design: a community perspective." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 7, no. 4 (September 12, 2016): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-05-2015-0029.

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Purpose This study aims to reframe the common concept of post-disaster reconstruction “building back better”, especially in the context of post-disaster housing design. Design/methodology/approach An Aceh post-tsunami housing reconstruction project is used as a case study with qualitative methodology through in-depth interviews of selected respondents. Findings The study findings have shown that the term “building back better” is not a familiar term for housing recipients. Whichever different personal background post-disaster survivors come from, whether they are housewife, civil servant, fisherman, university student, businessman or a professional, none have ever heard this phrase. All found it hard to understand the term. This study argues that the “building back better” concept is good in policy but not working in practice. As a result, housing recipients not only were dissatisfied with their new houses but also found that the new housing configurations profoundly altered their traditional way of life. In light of these findings, the paper argues that the concept of “building back better” needs to be reframed to take account of the cultural individual and communal needs and wants of post-disaster survivors. Research limitations/implications This study discusses only one aspect of post-disaster reconstruction that is the design of housing reconstruction. Practical implications Results from this study provide a practical contribution for reconstruction actors especially designers, architects and planners. It helps them to reconsider the common concepts they have used for post-disaster reconstruction processes particularly in designing housing reconstruction projects. Originality/value This study focuses on the question of how tsunami survivors in Aceh reacted to the design of their new post-tsunami houses and what they had done themselves to make their homes a better and nicer place to live within their own cultural needs. This study also sought to understand what motivated the opinions the respondents had about the design of housing reconstruction after the tsunami in Aceh generally. In addition, the study investigated whether survivors knew the phrase and the credo of “building back better” in a post-disaster context.

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Murao, Osamu, and Hideaki Nakazato. "Post-Tsunami Reconstruction Process in Sri Lanka affected by 2004 Sumatra Tsunami, -Part3-." Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 5, no. 1 (July 12, 2006): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.5.1_33.

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Chen, Ted Yu Shen. "Habitat for Humanity's Post-Tsunami Housing Reconstruction Approaches in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 33, no. 1 (March 2015): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701503300106.

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This paper investigates the housing reconstruction approaches of Habitat for Humanity, a Christian international NGO, in Sri Lanka following the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It analyses how Habitat's housing approaches are informed by their religious values, principles of internationally-recognised best practice, and reactions to the broader ‘Buddhist’ and anti-Christian proselytisation politics of Sri Lanka. While much of Habitat's work in housing reconstruction saw it essentially operate as a housing contractor for the government of Sri Lanka and other donors, the projects that lay closer to its philosophical core sought to engage with processes of owner-driven reconstruction, currently recognized as reconstruction best practice. Owner-driven reconstruction informs Habitat's approach to and endorsement of homeowner participation in their housing reconstruction projects. However, Habitat's version of participation differs from international standards as Habitat's reconstruction approaches rework best practice principles for religious ends. This combination has the effect of reducing suspicion of proselytisation, which was a major concern in Sri Lanka during the reconstruction process, while at the same time allowing Habitat to enact its Christian values. As a religious NGO, Habitat therefore adopts multiple reconstruction approaches in order to practice its Christian convictions within a hostile religious-political environment.

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Setyawan, W., P. Setijanti, and A. Hayati. "Development of post-disaster shelters (case study: Gampong Pande post-rehabilitation and reconstruction of the earthquake and tsunami disaster)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1007, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1007/1/012018.

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Abstract Indonesia has a high risk of earthquake and tsunami disasters, especially in areas around the long and relatively sloping coastline. Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam as an area that has been hit by an earthquake and tsunami, in its development of settlements it is more directed to disaster-prone areas in coastal areas. This study aims to identify the development of housing after rehabilitation and reconstruction due to the earthquake and tsunami in the Gampong Pande area, in the context of mitigating earthquake and tsunami disasters in the future. This research is related to ethnographic research that uses an emic approach in field surveys, emphasizes the natural setting context, focuses on interpretation and meaning, involves the community deeply, and focuses on contemporary phenomena as a whole. Post-disaster mitigation actions carried out in residential development are structural modifications referring to and in line with the Building Code. Post-disaster mitigation actions carried out in the development of residential areas are land grants for road widening as an evacuation route during disasters and the construction of sea dikes to reduce tidal waves of sea water entering settlements and planting mangroves along the sea wall as a green belt that doubles as a green belt and source of fishermen’s economy.

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Nakazato, Hideaki, and Osamu Murao. "Post Tsunami Reconstruction Process in Sri Lanka affected by 2004 Sumatra Tsunami, -Part 4-." Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 5, no. 4 (March 20, 2007): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.5.4_110.

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Nakazato, Hideaki, and Osamu Murao. "Post Tsunami Reconstruction Process in Sri Lanka affected by 2004 Sumatra Tsunami, -Part 2-." Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 4, no. 4 (April 13, 2006): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.4.4_113.

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Murao, Osamu, and Hideaki Nakazato. "Post-Tsunami Reconstruction Process in Sri Lanka affected by 2004 Sumatra Tsunami, -Part 6-." Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 6, no. 4 (March 25, 2008): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.6.4_130.

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Murao, Osamu, and Hideaki Nakazato. "Post-Tsunami Reconstruction Process in Sri Lanka affected by 2004 Sumatra Tsunami, -Part 1-." Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 4, no. 4 (April 13, 2006): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.4.4_107.

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Nakazato, Hideaki, and Murao Murao. "Post Tsunami Reconstruction Process in Sri Lanka affected by 2004 Sumatra Tsunami -Part 5-." Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 6, no. 1 (June 12, 2007): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.6.1_22.

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Mitra, Rimali, Hajime Naruse, and Shigehiro Fujino. "Reconstruction of flow conditions from 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits at the Phra Thong island using a deep neural network inverse model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 1667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1667-2021.

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Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused significant economic losses and a large number of fatalities in the coastal areas. The estimation of tsunami flow conditions using inverse models has become a fundamental aspect of disaster mitigation and management. Here, a case study involving the Phra Thong island, which was affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, in Thailand was conducted using inverse modeling that incorporates a deep neural network (DNN). The DNN inverse analysis reconstructed the values of flow conditions such as maximum inundation distance, flow velocity and maximum flow depth, as well as the sediment concentration of five grain-size classes using the thickness and grain-size distribution of the tsunami deposit from the post-tsunami survey around Phra Thong island. The quantification of uncertainty was also reported using the jackknife method. Using other previous models applied to areas in and around Phra Thong island, the predicted flow conditions were compared with the reported observed values and simulated results. The estimated depositional characteristics such as volume per unit area and grain-size distribution were in line with the measured values from the field survey. These qualitative and quantitative comparisons demonstrated that the DNN inverse model is a potential tool for estimating the physical characteristics of modern tsunamis.

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Dias, Nuwan Tharanga, Kaushal Keraminiyage, and Kushani Kulasthri DeSilva. "Long-term satisfaction of post disaster resettled communities." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 25, no. 5 (July 11, 2016): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-11-2015-0264.

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Purpose After tsunami 2004, it was estimated that more than 98,000 permanent houses had to be rebuilt. However, ten years on, as communities, are they satisfied in their new homes? What are the indicators affecting the long-term satisfaction of resettled communities in relation to their new permanent houses. The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the level of long-term satisfaction of two tsunami affected resettled communities in Sri Lanka in a bid to identify the indicators affecting the long-term satisfaction of post disaster resettled communities in relation to permanent housing. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the thorough literature review conducted to evaluate the state of the art in the subject area, a series of interviews were conducted with experts and tsunami affected communities in Sri Lanka to gather primary data for this research. The literature review is used to establish the initial list of indicators of long-term satisfaction of resettlements. The expert interviews and the community interviews were used to verify and refine the initially identified indicators. Findings A sustainable resettlement programme is just not merely reconstruction of a set of houses. A resettlement programme should re-establish the socio-economic and cultural life of people. Reconstruction of a house does not solve the housing issue; it is vital to look in to the indicators which can convert a house into a home and the surrounding into a neighbourhood. Originality/value This paper makes a significant contribution in terms of identifying indicators affecting the long-term community satisfaction with resettlement programmes taking into account economic, social and cultural factors with a special emphasis on post tsunami resettlements in Sri Lanka.

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Ruddock, Les, Dilanthi Amaratunga, Nadeeshani Wanigaratne, and Roshani Palliyaguru. "POST‐TSUNAMI RECONSTRUCTION IN SRI LANKA: ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2010.16.

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The “construction output shock” that was generated by the massive reconstruction programmes after the Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka spread through the economic system and was reflected in economic indicators due to the multiple linkages that the construction industry has with other economic sectors. On the ground, it was observed that the prices of construction materials, labour and plant rose suddenly in the affected regions making the reconstruction effort more costly. This paper considers the responses of major economic and construction indicators to the construction shock due to post‐tsunami reconstruction and the amount of time needed before they returned to an equilibrium state. Empirical results indicate that the construction output shock had a significant impact on material, labour and equipment price indices in the short run but other indicators showed only a very marginal response indicating that the remoteness of the disaster would have delayed the propagation. Santruka Del didžiuliu atstatymo programu, prasidejusiu Šri Lankoje po cunamio Indijos vandenyne, atsirades statybu šokas apeme ekonomine sistema ir padare poveiki ekonominiams rodikliams, nes statybos pramone turi daugybe sasaju su kitais ūkio sektoriais. Pastebeta, kad nukentejusiuose regionuose statybiniu medžiagu, darbo ir irangos kainos staiga išaugo, o atstatomoji veikla pabrango. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinejama, kaip pagrindiniai ekonominiai ir statybos rodikliai reaguoja i statybu šoka, patirta del atstatomuju darbu po cunamio, kiek laiko reikia, kad rodikliai grižtu i pusiausvyros būkle. Iš empiriniu rezultatu matyti, kad trumpuoju laikotarpiu statybu apimties šokas gerokai paveike medžiagu, darbo ir irangos kainu rodiklius, bet kiti rodikliai kito labai nedaug, vadinasi, nelaimes atokumo atveju rodikliu sklaida būtu buvusi sulaikyta.

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Meigh, John David, Ir Minanto Minanto, and Ir Abdul Rachim. "Aceh and Nias, Indonesia post-tsunami reconstruction by survivor participation." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Forensic Engineering 171, no. 2 (May 2018): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.17.00022.

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Hedman, Eva-Lotta E. "Deconstructing Reconstruction in Post-tsunami Aceh: Governmentality, Displacement and Politics." Oxford Development Studies 37, no. 1 (March 2009): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600810802695964.

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Ford, Michele, and Thushara Dibley. "Developing a Movement? Aid-Based Mediated Diffusion as a Strategy to Promote Labour Activism in post-Tsunami Aceh." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 4 (2011): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x597288.

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Abstract In this article we examine the extent to which mediated diffusion through trade union development aid succeeded in helping to establish a labour movement in Aceh after the 2004 tsunami. The international labour movement organisations involved in the post-tsunami reconstruction effort in Aceh focused their efforts primarily on humanitarian aid, physical infrastructure and vocational education. However, they also supported trade union-building programs, which succeeded in strengthening individual trade unions and instilling a sense of shared identity amongst Acehnese labour activists but ultimately failed to ensure the sustainability of the movement. We argue that while the Aceh case highlights the importance of local context to the outcomes of such interventions, the constraints imposed on international labour donors and their local counterparts by their focus on reconstruction and the time pressures of the post-tsunami aid cycle raise questions about the efficacy of the aid model as a means of promoting the growth of a social movement.

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Khazai, Bijan, Guillermo Franco, J. Carter Ingram, Cristina Rumbaitis del Rio, Priyan Dias, Ranjith Dissanayake, Ravihansa Chandratilake, and S. Jothy Kanna. "Post-December 2004 Tsunami Reconstruction in Sri Lanka and Its Potential Impacts on Future Vulnerability." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (June 2006): 829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2204925.

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The 26 December 2004 tsunami displaced more than 500,000 people and killed an estimated 31,000 in Sri Lanka. Damage was not uniform, often reflecting distinct patterns of social, infrastructural, and ecological vulnerability. Severely affected populations tended to be poorer, to live in fragile structures, and to be more exposed to the tsunami as a result of prior environmental degradation in the coastal zone. The massive reconstruction effort may further decrease the resilience of rural communities by degrading the natural environment that sustains their livelihoods. A sustainable reconstruction approach must therefore consider long-term solutions that increase community resilience by fostering socioeconomic, infrastructural, and environmental progress. A reconnaissance team monitored the initial recovery stages and identified mechanisms in supporting research on reducing the long-term vulnerability of human settlements and ecosystems to future environmental hazards.

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Daly, Patrick, Patrick Daly, and Caroline Brassard. "Aid Accountability and Participatory Approaches in Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 4 (2011): 508–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x597305.

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Abstract In the last decade, housing has become one of the most prominent and best funded sectors in large-scale post-disaster reconstruction efforts. This has especially been the case in Asian developing countries where both official and private aid helped finance a significant amount of the housing reconstruction. Despite the emphasis upon community involvement, inclusive and participatory processes for housing reconstruction by international non-governmental organizations, recent experiences show that such ideas often do not readily translate in practice on the ground. This paper analyses the necessary conditions for successful involvement by local beneficiaries in rebuilding their homes following natural disasters. The analysis is situated within the context of community recovery, and the trade-off between centralized donor planning, and community driven initiatives, using primary and secondary data collected from post-tsunami Aceh, Indonesia. The paper also discusses how various stakeholders (including recipient government and donors) evaluate and make use of the practical capacities of affected persons and communities to be involved in planning, building and monitoring processes in the housing sector. Our research focused on the level and types of roles played by the aid beneficiaries in the housing reconstruction process in Aceh. In spite of considerable rhetoric about participation and inclusive reconstruction accompanying the post-tsunami reconstruction by various donors, a number of systemic barriers created considerable distance between beneficiaries and NGOs in Aceh in the housing sector. The drive for efficiency and need to produce tangible results quickly, mixed with the sheer number of stakeholders and resources involved, created a largely top-down environment in which decisions were centralized, and arbitrary standards imposed. This was exacerbated by an extensive chain of sub-contractors, a large supply of lower-cost imported labor, and highlighted the importance of local political affiliations, leading to weak accountability and reduced aid effectiveness.

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Adamy, A. "Leaving Problematic Assets Behind: Lessons from Post-tsunami Reconstruction in Aceh." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 682, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/682/1/012007.

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Abidin, H. Z., D. Santo, T. S. Haroen, and E. Heryani. "Post-Tsunami Land Administration Reconstruction in Aceh: Aspects, Status and Problems." Survey Review 43, no. 323 (October 2011): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003962611x13117748891750.

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Adha Fathiah, Afrizal, and Jendrius. "Bencana Alam dan Konflik Agraria: Suatu Kajian Literatur." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.581.

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AbstractThe tsunami disaster that stroked Aceh in 2004 not only resulted in massive casualties and huge economic losses, has also resulted in massive horizontal agrarian conflicts. This article will discuss how natural disasters cause horizontal agrarian conflicts. The question that will be answered is how the tsunami caused the agrarian conflicts among the people? How such agrarian conflicts affect the reconstruction effort of after tsunami which is a series of disaster mitigation. This article uses a literature review consisting of research reports, scientific journal articles, and media reports on the impact of the 2004 Aceh tsunami. Study results and media reports suggest that the tsunami disaster resulted in the loss of boundaries of community-controlled land and this causes land disputes among neighbors that influences reconstruction efforts undertaken by governments and NGOs. However, local wisdom on conflict mitigation contributes to the settlement of land conflicts and this has contributed to post-tsunami reconstruction efforts in Aceh. With that this article contributes to the development of knowledge on disaster mitigation. Bencana tsunami yang melanda Aceh pada tahun 2004 tidak hanya mengakibatkan banyak korban dan kerugian ekonomi yang besar, juga menyebabkan konflik agraria horisontal yang masif. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana bencana alam menyebabkan konflik agraria horizontal. Pertanyaan yang akan dijawab adalah bagaimana tsunami menyebabkan konflik agraria di antara masyarakat? Bagaimana konflik agraria seperti itu memengaruhi upaya rekonstruksi setelah tsunami yang merupakan serangkaian mitigasi bencana. Artikel ini menggunakan tinjauan pustaka yang terdiri dari laporan penelitian, artikel jurnal ilmiah, dan laporanmedia tentang dampak tsunami Aceh 2004. Hasil studi dan laporan media menunjukkan bahwa bencana tsunami mengakibatkan hilangnya batas-batas tanah yang dikuasai masyarakat dan ini menyebabkan perselisihan tanah di antara para tetangga yang memengaruhi upaya rekonstruksi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan LSM. Namun, kearifan lokal tentang mitigasi konflik berkontribusi pada penyelesaian konflik tanah dan ini telah berkontribusi pada upaya rekonstruksi pasca-tsunami di Aceh. Dengan itu artikel ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan pengetahuan tentang mitigasi bencana.

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MURAO, OSAMU, and HIDEAKI NAKAZATO. "RECOVERY CURVES FOR HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION IN SRI LANKA AFTER THE 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 04, no. 02 (June 2010): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431110000765.

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On the 26th of December 2004, the Tsunami damaged to five provinces in Sri Lanka and more than 40,000 people were displaced, lost, or killed within a short time. After the tsunami, the Government provided three types of houses for the victims (temporary shelters, transitional houses, and permanent houses). The authors conducted several field surveys and interviews in the damaged area to investigate the recovery conditions, and obtained dataset, which had been collected for 13 months since December 2004 by Rebuilding and Development Agency. It shows the construction status of transitional house and permanent house in the damaged areas. This paper demonstrates recovery curves for the transitional houses and the permanent houses. With the aim of constructing post-earthquake recovery curves for Sri Lanka, the factors of time (months) and completion ratio of building construction are used. The obtained curves quantitatively clarify the regional differences in the completion dates and processes of construction. The proposed quantitative methodology will be used for other damaged countries due to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. It means that this kind of analysis is essential for investigating post-disaster recovery process because it enables comparative studies of urban/rural planning among different types of post-disaster recovery processes throughout the world.

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Hayashi, Satomi, and Shunichi Koshimura. "The 2011 Tohoku Tsunami Flow Velocity Estimation by the Aerial Video Analysis and Numerical Modeling." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0561.

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When a tsunami reaches the coast and penetrates inland, its characteristics change significantly from water wave to strong inundation flow which causes damage on infrastructures, buildings and humans. Measuring flow velocities of tsunami inundation on land is quite rare but is important for understanding how tsunami penetrates inland and improving tsunami numerical models. In order to clarify the tsunami inundation flow characteristics on land with particular regard to velocity, we analyzed the aerial videos which captured the 2011 Tohoku tsunami attacking Sendai coast, Miyagi Prefecture. Consequently, the tsunami front and flow velocities reached approximately 8 m/s within 1 km inland from the shoreline, and they decreased as penetrating more inland. The results were used for verification of the numerical tsunami inundation model that is performed in Sendai city. We found that the present model results are consistent with the observed inundation characteristics when the bottom roughness distribution is sufficiently incorporated according to the land use conditions. This implies the capability of the present tsunami inundation model which is now used for the evaluation of post-disaster reconstruction plan of Sendai city.

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Sehgal, Shaina, and Suresh Babu. "Economic Transformation of the Nicobar Islands Post-tsunami." Ecology, Economy and Society–the INSEE Journal 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37773/ees.v4i2.331.

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Natural disasters can have lasting impacts on regional economies. Island economies, in particular, have protracted recoveries from disasters due to their location, size, and economic dependence on trading partners. As imports and exports are especially explicit and discernible in ports, islands facilitate investigations on the long-term effects of disaster relief, reconstruction, and redevelopment on trade. In this paper, we examine the transformational impact of the 2004 Indian ocean earthquake and tsunami. We examine changes to physical imports and exports in the archipelago to reflect on the social, economic, and ecological impacts of the 2004 disaster and subsequent recovery. We analyse disaggregated physical import and export data for 2003–2017 from revenue ports in the Nicobar Islands in India along with data from field surveys and interviews conducted on the islands. We find that while the archipelago’s physical trade balance has been continuously growing since 2003, it increased at a higher rate after the disaster and thereafter stabilized to levels comparable to the pre-tsunami period. However, further analysis indicates that the nature and quantity of physical imports during this period, such as of fuel and construction materials, are unprecedented; and there are diverging trajectories of redevelopment within the archipelago...

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desfita, Mediana, and Djendrius. "Reconstruction post disaster responsive gender in West Sumatra." E3S Web of Conferences 331 (2021): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133104009.

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Indonesia is one of the very prone countries to disaster. The tsunami and earthquake disasters caused enormous damage to property and infrastructure as well as loss of life. An earthquake on September 30, 2009, measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale struck the west coast of Sumatra, causing loss of life and damage to infrastructure. There were around 1,115 people killed, 1,214 seriously injured and 1,688 people lightly injured. A comprehensive study of natural disaster management activities or systems should be used as learning materials to form a disaster management system. Disaster preparedness by minimizing vulnerability has been identified as a better approach to dealing with disasters than post-disaster response. Creating a culture of prevention is critical to dealing with everyday hazards and the consequences of disasters. The study is using data from a natural disaster in west Sumatra, and data from people who were involved in the process of reconstruction post disasters in west Sumatra. This study aims to obtain an accurate description of the reconstruction post-disaster and relation with responsive gender activities in West Sumatra, and identify how the gender effect on reconstruction post-disaster in the West Sumatra region.

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Haigh, Richard, Siri Hettige, Maheshika Sakalasuriya, G. Vickneswaran, and Lasantha Namal Weerasena. "A study of housing reconstruction and social cohesion among conflict and tsunami affected communities in Sri Lanka." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 25, no. 5 (July 11, 2016): 566–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-04-2016-0070.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the role of housing reconstruction projects in post conflict and post tsunami Sri Lanka, and to discuss their implications on conflict prevention. Design/methodology/approach Using four housing reconstruction projects in Batticaloa, Kilinochchi and Jaffna Districts, Sri Lanka, as case studies, and a novel methodological framework, the study explores the causal relations among the independent variables associated with housing reconstruction and dependent variables related to conflict prevention. The data, gathered from interviews and project reports, were analysed using propositions from a literature review, adopting a thematic analytical approach. Findings This study finds that reconstruction has created new forms of conflicts and tensions for the people who came to live in the newly constructed houses. The hostile relations that existed among different ethnic groups during the conflict were continued, and to some extent, exacerbated by the reconstruction undertaken after the war. Practical implications The study identifies causal relations among the independent variables associated with housing reconstruction and dependent variables related to conflict prevention, which can be used to inform physical reconstruction programmes after conflict. Originality/value The research presents a novel methodological framework. The results reveal concerns in housing and infrastructure development that have implications for future research and practice in post conflict environments.

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Sakaguchi, Nao. "POST-DISASTER CITY RECONSTRUCTION EFFORTS AND FISHING VILLAGES TRANSFORMATION: OVER TSUNAMI DISASTER HERITAGES." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i2.1910.

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The objective of this study is to clarify significance and the value of the disaster remains for suffering residents from social structure. I adopt Yoshikawa’s notion (2007) of post-disaster phases which is based on the analysis by Barton (1969); emergency phase →temporary phase →recovery and reconstruction phase →prevention phase. The study was conducted at AK district in Otsuchi Town, Iwate Prefecture. The data collection methods used were ethnography primarily participation observation and interviews. Participation observation was performed at the district meetings, board member meetings of various resident organizations, and community events held in the district. Interview sessions were conducted to obtain detailed responses from interviewees. The target were 50 people from the community including residents and residents directly affected by tsunami. The interview sessions were held from January 2014 to December 2017. In addition, I collected and referenced materials provided by the town council, documents on regional history, and fishery-related materials. After the disaster of 3.11, opposing opinions regarding tsunami remains became evident between community-based organizations, one of which is the management body of the community historically and the other is a newly emerged group after the disaster through a new leadership. Of these, community-based organization which is a newly emerged group insisted requiem. However, the women’s association was made the purpose which uses the disaster remains as tourist attractions and produced the employment, not requiem. Through this opposition, the unique structure of the fishing village in AK district was revealed.

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Pradoto, R. G. K., A. Oktavianus, K. S. Pribadi, I. M. A. B. Rasmawan, and L. D. Wulandari. "Palu Housing Reconstruction Process: Reviewing and Learning after the 2018 Earthquake." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1065, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1065/1/012057.

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Abstract The strong earthquake that hit the Province of Central Sulawesi on 28 September 2018 (M7.4), followed by tsunami and liquefaction has caused many casualties, injuries as well as damages in the housing sector. In the rehabilitation and reconstruction (R&R) program, the Government policy was to provide the affected community with aid to rebuild their houses (for houses outside the red zone), the Government also will build new settlements for relocation (for houses inside the red zone), which both are expected to be more earthquake-resistant. In order to understand what happens in the field related to various issues, an investigation to study the whole processes and to document the lessons learnt from the reconstruction process is conducted in Central Sulawesi Province. One of the highlights of this study is the impact of the three types of disasters that occurred in Palu Municipality (earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction) on the housing reconstruction process after the disaster occurred. The primary field survey and Focus Group Discussion were conducted through interviews with various parties in the earthquake-affected areas to reveal the findings of problems and obstacles in the field during its two years of implementation, from 2018 to 2020. This study focuses on reviewing and learning from the post-disaster housing sector reconstruction process. The result of this study is expected to provide future lessons for the post-disaster housing reconstruction process in Indonesia and other countries.

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Cheek, Wesley. "The paradox of community involvement: rebuilding Minamisanriku." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 893–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-12-2019-0374.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the barriers to community participation in post-disaster reconstruction in Minamisanriku, Japan.Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilizes the extended case method. 31 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with local residents as well as 15 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with professionals working on reconstruction efforts. Multiple site visits were made to conduct participant observation and ethnographic research. The data from these interviews and fieldwork were triangulated with archival research.FindingsThe results from this research show that at least six major barriers to community participation in post-disaster reconstruction were present in Minamisanriku. These barriers were: predetermined tsunami risk levels, a disaster reconstruction menu, existing patterns of government, construction of seawalls, an existing lack of participation and administrative mergers. These barriers were not a product of the disaster event itself, but rather of the pre-existing conditions in Minamisanriku, and Japan in general.Originality/valueThis study pinpoints the actually existing barriers to the worldwide call for participatory measures and community involvement in post-disaster reconstruction.

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Laurito, Maria M., Elizabeth Frankenberg, and Duncan Thomas. "Effects of Housing Aid on Psychosocial Health after a Disaster." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 7302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127302.

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Little is known about whether the provision of aid in the aftermath of a large-scale natural disaster affects psychological well-being. We investigate the effects of housing assistance, a key element of the reconstruction program implemented after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Population-representative individual-level longitudinal data collected in Aceh, Indonesia, during the decade after the tsunami as part of the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery (STAR) are used. Housing aid was targeted to people whose homes were destroyed and, to a lesser extent, damaged by the tsunami and to those who lived, at the time of the tsunami, in communities that sustained the greatest damage. The effects of receipt of aid on post-traumatic stress reactivity (PTSR) are examined using panel data models that take into account observed and unobserved individual-specific fixed characteristics that affect both PTSR and aid receipt, drawing comparisons in each survey wave between individuals who had been living in the same kecamatan when the tsunami hit. Those who received aid have better psychological health; the effects increase with time since aid receipt and are the greatest at two years or longer after the receipt. The effects are concentrated among those whose homes were destroyed in the tsunami.

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Ari Ujianto. "Pengorganisasian Komunitas Paska Bencana Studi Kasus: Pengorganisasian Komunitas yang dilakukan UPC/UPLINK di Aceh Paska Bencana Tsunami Tahun 2004." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.587.

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AbstractThis paper examines community organizing by the Urban Poor Consortium (UPC) / UPLINK in carrying out reconstruction in Aceh after the 2004 earthquake and tsunami disaster. The unprecedented magnitude of the disaster has prompted the Indonesian government to declare it as a national disaster and request for assistance from international agencies. As a response, many organizations at the national and international levels came to assist in the reconstruction of Aceh, with various program focuses and approaches. UPC / UPLINK also took part in the reconstruction stage, but rather with a distinct participatory approach. This paper aims to elaborate the approach UPC/UPLINK has taken in carrying out its post-disaster reconstruction programs in Aceh. This research mostly uses secondary data, namely from documents owned by UPC / UPLINK and data obtained through the internet, as well as primary data with deep interviews with UPC / UPLINK activists. This study found that appropriate approach, strategies, and method of community organizing, taken by UPC/UPLINK are important elements in which the survivors are able stand back on their feet and take ownership of in the post-disaster reconstruction process. Makalah ini mengkaji pengorganisasian komunitas (community organizing) yang dilakukan Urban Poor Consortium (UPC)/UPLINK dalam melakukan rekonstruksi di Aceh paska bencana gempa dan Tsunami tahun 2004. Bencana gempa dan tsunami yang meluluhlantakkan Aceh pada tahun akhir 2004 telah mendorong pemerintah Indonesia menetapkannya sebagai bencana nasional dan meminta bantuan internasional dalam penanganannya. Setelah itu banyak organisasi di tingkat nasional maupun internasional datang membantu dalam rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi Aceh, dengan berbagai fokus program dan pendekatan. UPC/UPLINK juga melaksanakan program rekonstruksi dengan pendekatan yang partisipatif dan komprehensif. Makalah ini menawarkan konsep pengorganisaian komunitas yang progresif untuk menganalisis pendekatan dan strategi yang digunakan UPC/UPLINK dalam melakukan program rekonstruksi Aceh paska bencana. Penelitian ini sebagian besar menggunakan data-data sekunder, yakni dari dokumen-dokumen yang dimiliki UPC/UPLINK maupun data yang diperoleh melalui internet, serta data primer dengan wawancara langsung dengan beberapa aktivivis UPC/UPLINK yang terlibat dalam program rekonstruksi paska tsunami di Aceh. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa melalui strategi dan metode pengorganisasian komunitas yang tepat, proses rekonstruksi paska bencana di Aceh yang dilakukan oleh UPC/UPLINK bisa berjalan secara efisien, efektif, dan mencapai hasil yang mempunyai kualitas tinggi. Penelitian juga menyimpulkan bahwa dalam proses rekonstruksi paska bencana, amatlah penting mendudukkan masyarakat lokal (penyintas) sebagai subyek yang memimpin atau tulang punggung dalam proses rekonstruksi.

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Garcin, M., J. F. Desprats, M. Fontaine, R. Pedreros, N. Attanayake, S. Fernando, C. H. E. R. Siriwardana, U. De Silva, and B. Poisson. "Integrated approach for coastal hazards and risks in Sri Lanka." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 27, 2008): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-577-2008.

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Abstract. The devastating impact of the tsunami of 26 December 2004 on the shores of the Indian Ocean recalled the importance of knowledge and the taking into account of coastal hazards. Sri Lanka was one of the countries most affected by this tsunami (e.g. 30 000 dead, 1 million people homeless and 70% of the fishing fleet destroyed). Following this tsunami, as part of the French post-tsunami aid, a project to establish a Geographical Information System (GIS) on coastal hazards and risks was funded. This project aims to define, at a pilot site, a methodology for multiple coastal hazards assessment that might be useful for the post-tsunami reconstruction and for development planning. This methodology could be applied to the whole coastline of Sri Lanka. The multi-hazard approach deals with very different coastal processes in terms of dynamics as well as in terms of return period. The first elements of this study are presented here. We used a set of tools integrating a GIS, numerical simulations and risk scenario modelling. While this action occurred in response to the crisis caused by the tsunami, it was decided to integrate other coastal hazards into the study. Although less dramatic than the tsunami these remain responsible for loss of life and damage. Furthermore, the establishment of such a system could not ignore the longer-term effects of climate change on coastal hazards in Sri Lanka. This GIS integrates the physical and demographic data available in Sri Lanka that is useful for assessing the coastal hazards and risks. In addition, these data have been used in numerical modelling of the waves generated during periods of monsoon as well as for the December 2004 tsunami. Risk scenarios have also been assessed for test areas and validated by field data acquired during the project. The results obtained from the models can be further integrated into the GIS and contribute to its enrichment and to help in better assessment and mitigation of these risks. The coastal-hazards-and-risks GIS coupled with modelling thus appears to be a very useful tool that can constitute the skeleton of a coastal zone management system. Decision makers will be able to make informed choices with regards to hazards during reconstruction and urban planning projects.

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Wahyunto, Wahyunto, Sofyan Ritung, Wahyu Wahdini, and Fahmuddin Agus. "ALTERNATIVE TREE CROPS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE POST-TSUNAMI IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF ACEH BARAT DISTRICT." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v10n1.2009.1-11.

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Tree farming such as coconut, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and rambutan was dominant in the west coast of Aceh prior to tsunami. The farming is not only important for sustainable livelihood, but also for superior environmental protection. During the tsunami, considerable portion of this ‘green infrastructure’ was devastated. Therefore, a scientifically based land suitability evaluation is needed for supporting the redesign and reconstruction of the tree-based farming. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the current physical condition of the area and develop recommendation of land suitability for tree crops farming in the area. Field survey for inventory and evaluation of land characteristics was conducted in 2006, 15 months after the tsunami. Land suitability evaluation was conducted by matching field survey data and soil sample analyses in every mapping unit with crop growth requirements. The land suitability map was further matched with the district development plan, existing land uses and land status. The resulted land use recommendation map showed that the marine ecosystem along the coastal line was most suitable for coconut, cacao, coffee, and casuarinas. The recommended tree crops for the ancient sandy beach were areca nut, coconut, rambutan, mango, rubber and oil palm; and for the alluvial ecosystem were coconut, cacao, areca nut, mango, and bread fruit. Peatland of less than 3 m thick was marginally suitable for oil palm and rubber, while those thicker than 3 m were recommended for conservation due to its fragile ecosystem. In the undulating tectonic plain, the suitable tree crops were rubber, oil palm, coconut, and rambutan.

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Wahyunto, Wahyunto, Sofyan Ritung, Wahyu Wahdini, and Fahmuddin Agus. "ALTERNATIVE TREE CROPS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE POST-TSUNAMI IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF ACEH BARAT DISTRICT." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v10n1.2009.p1-11.

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Tree farming such as coconut, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and rambutan was dominant in the west coast of Aceh prior to tsunami. The farming is not only important for sustainable livelihood, but also for superior environmental protection. During the tsunami, considerable portion of this ‘green infrastructure’ was devastated. Therefore, a scientifically based land suitability evaluation is needed for supporting the redesign and reconstruction of the tree-based farming. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the current physical condition of the area and develop recommendation of land suitability for tree crops farming in the area. Field survey for inventory and evaluation of land characteristics was conducted in 2006, 15 months after the tsunami. Land suitability evaluation was conducted by matching field survey data and soil sample analyses in every mapping unit with crop growth requirements. The land suitability map was further matched with the district development plan, existing land uses and land status. The resulted land use recommendation map showed that the marine ecosystem along the coastal line was most suitable for coconut, cacao, coffee, and casuarinas. The recommended tree crops for the ancient sandy beach were areca nut, coconut, rambutan, mango, rubber and oil palm; and for the alluvial ecosystem were coconut, cacao, areca nut, mango, and bread fruit. Peatland of less than 3 m thick was marginally suitable for oil palm and rubber, while those thicker than 3 m were recommended for conservation due to its fragile ecosystem. In the undulating tectonic plain, the suitable tree crops were rubber, oil palm, coconut, and rambutan.

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Spiske, Michaela, Hui Tang, and Heinrich Bahlburg. "Post-depositional alteration of onshore tsunami deposits – Implications for the reconstruction of past events." Earth-Science Reviews 202 (March 2020): 103068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103068.

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Kimura, Shuhei. "When a Seawall Is Visible: Infrastructure and Obstruction in Post-tsunami Reconstruction in Japan." Science as Culture 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2015.1081501.

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Satapathy, S., and S. Kasi. "(A196) Psychological Distress, Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress among Tsunami Affected People with Disabilities." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001920.

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The study investigated psychological impact of tsunami of men and women with disabilities two years after the tsunami disaster. A total of 248 tsunami affected people with disabilities aged between 16 to 85 years were included in the final sample. And the sample consisted of 132 males with the men age 37.9 years, and 116 females with the men age 40.6 years. SRQ (psychological distress), IES (post-traumatic stress), WHO- DAS (psychosocial disability functioning) and QOL (quality of life) were administered. In addition to scale administration to 248 people, formal discussions were held with 27 mentally retarded people and their guardians/parents, thus making the total sample of 275. Main effects of gender were found significant on IES i.e. post-traumatic stress and main effects of type of disability was found significant on physical QOL, psychological QOL, and post-traumatic stress. Main effects of severity of disability was found significant on all variables. t-tests have been found out to study the inter group differences. All findings have been discussed in the light of supporting studies and theories. Long-term psychosocial and psychiatric interventions are suggested to be provided till the reconstruction and rebuilding phase continues, however, the challenge still remains for the strategy of mainstreaming disabled specific designed interventions within the community based psychosocial care services framework.

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Tursina and Syamsidik. "Reconstruction of the 2004 Tsunami Inundation Map in Banda Aceh Through Numerical Model and Its Validation with Post-Tsunami Survey Data." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 273 (July 16, 2019): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/273/1/012008.

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Aubrey, Dyfed. "Response to Rapid Change: Post-Tsunami Shelter in Sri Lanka." Open House International 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2008-b0005.

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Through an overview of Goal's post tsunami shelter and reconstruction programme in Sri Lanka this study aims to highlight how design and implementation approaches had to continuously evolve in order to respond to changes in pace, priorities and policy as relief moved into recovery then permanent rehabilitation. The study begins by describing the Buffer Zone Policy that prohibited construction within a certain distance from the sea and how the policy impeded the construction of permanent housing in some areas through lack of suitable relocation sites. Then using transitional shelter as an example, the effects of the persistence of the policy when most actors anticipated change can be seen in modifications to shelters driven mainly by comfort criteria as their occupancy had to be extended from an initially predicted six month period to around two years. Following this, an overview of the permanent housing programme shows how an owner driven housing approach was chosen as an appropriate means of provision and how the process was developed through a local partnership. In this programme the owners' capacity to design and manage their own house construction was developed with the understanding that houses could be incrementally extended by the owner following the completion of the programme. Then, as the late change in the Buffer Zone Policy resulted in a sudden up-scaling of the project on a very limited time-frame, the study shows how, whilst still catering for individual aspirations and personal "ownership" in design and implementation, standardised designs were introduced to speed up the building process. The study concludes by emphasising the need for flexibility in design and implementation in order to provide the best service to affected people within the ever-changing environment of disaster response.

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Vahanvati, Mittul, and Irina Rafliana. "Reliability of Build Back Better at enhancing resilience of communities." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 10, no. 4 (August 29, 2019): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-05-2019-0025.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyse the reliability of Build Back Better slogan in the context of post-disaster housing reconstruction in developing countries, at enhancing disaster-resilience of housing and its occupants in the long term from socio-ecological systems resilience perspective. Design/methodology/approach A predominantly qualitative methodology and multi-disciplinary case study methodology is adopted to compare long-term outcomes of two post-disaster housing reconstruction interventions: post-2008 Bihar Kosi River floods in India and post-2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia. Findings Out of the nine generalizable findings, two of the most significant findings include giving freedom of choice or human capabilities to the disaster survivors and sustaining capacity development during and beyond the completion of housing reconstruction. These two processes play a significant role in linking reconstruction to resilience in the long term, especially of those living at- risk and poverty. Originality/value This paper further advances the current scholarship on overarching long-term impacts of housing reconstruction efforts, based on longitudinal and empirical studies in India and Indonesia. While these findings represent a snapshot of diverse and complex disaster experiences in the developing-world context, the comparison offers insight into how to turn the rhetoric surrounding “owner-driven” or “built back better” into long-term resilience outcomes.

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Kelly, Madeleine Jane Swete, and Glenda Amayo Caldwell. "Responsible Reconstruction: The Architect’s Role." Open House International 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2014-b0003.

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This paper investigates the role of the architect in post-disaster reconstruction and questions their ability to facilitate permanent building solutions. There is an ever-increasing population of refugees and internally displaced persons due to disasters and conflicts who have a basic need for shelter. To date, housing solutions for such people has tended to focus on short-term, temporary shelter solutions that have been largely unsuccessful. This increasing demand for shelter has led to an emerging group of architects skilled in post-disaster reconstruction. These architects acknowledge that shelter is critical to survival, but believe architects should focus on rebuilding in a manner that is quick, durable but permanent. They believe that an architect skilled in post-disaster reconstruction can produce solutions that meet the requirement of the emergency phase, through to semi-permanent and even permanent homes, without wasting time and money on interim shelters. Case Study Research was used to examine and evaluate the assistance provided by Emergency Architects Australia (EAA) to the Kei Gold community in the Solomon Islands after the 2007 earthquake and tsunami. The results indicate that an architect’s response to a disaster must go beyond providing temporary shelter; they must create permanent building solutions that respond to the site and the culture while servicing the needs of the community. The vernacular reconstruction methods implemented by EAA in Kei Gold Village have been successful in developing permanent housing solutions. Further research and development is required to gain a broader understanding of the role of the architect in disasters of varying scales and typologies.

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Zhang, Dolan, Jing, Uyimleshi, and Dodd. "Bounce Forward: Economic Recovery in Post-Disaster Fukushima." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 6736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236736.

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After the cascading disaster—earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident—in Fukushima on 11 March 2011, the Fukushima region is facing a significant reconstruction challenge. Contamination, economic downturn, depopulation, labor shortage, a damaged reputation, and public distrust must be overcome in order to ensure the future economic recovery of Fukushima. Based on field surveys of the affected areas and unstructured interviews with key informants such as local residents, government officials, and local businesses, this study analyses economic recovery in Fukushima. By exploring four key “pillar” areas of Fukushima’s economic recovery—renewable energy, manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism—this paper gives an overview of how to rebuild industry in the shadow of nuclear pollution. The results show how the economic recovery in Fukushima has required adaptation and innovation by the local people, and the economic downturn has been reversed and subsequently improved. Across the pillar industries, innovative reconstruction projects have been pioneered and led by local residents and businesses. Fukushima’s industrial recovery has been facilitated by the efforts to make the livelihoods of local residents sustainable. It is argued that creative and sustainable economic recovery makes full use of people’s and businesses’ existing resources to transform the disadvantages caused by disasters into opportunities.

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HIRANO, Katsuya. "DIFFICULTIES IN POST-TSUNAMI RECONSTRUCTION PLAN FOLLOWING JAPAN'S 3.11 MEGA DISASTER:DILEMMA BETWEEN PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABILITY." Journal of JSCE 1, no. 1 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalofjsce.1.1_1.

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Komesaroff, Paul A., and Suresh Sundram. "Challenges of post‐tsunami reconstruction in Sri Lanka: health care aid and the Health Alliance." Medical Journal of Australia 184, no. 1 (January 2006): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00091.x.

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Cho, Ara. "Post-tsunami recovery and reconstruction: governance issues and implications of the Great East Japan Earthquake." Disasters 38, s2 (June 6, 2014): s157—s178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12068.

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Tinti, S., A. Manucci, G. Pagnoni, A. Armigliato, and F. Zaniboni. "The 30 December 2002 landslide-induced tsunamis in Stromboli: sequence of the events reconstructed from the eyewitness accounts." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 6 (October 10, 2005): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-763-2005.

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Abstract. On 30 December 2002 the coast of the volcanic island of Stromboli, in the Tyrrhenian sea, Italy, was attacked by two tsunamis generated by landslides that took place on the north-west flank of the volcano. The landslides and the tsunamis represented the most impressive and threatening episodes of a strong effusive eruption, started on 28 December from a new vent which opened close to the north-east crater of the volcano. In spite of the intensified monitoring carried out in response to the eruption, the landslides and the ensuing tsunamis were not foreseen, and the available instrumental data are insufficient to allow a precise reconstruction of the sequence of the events. The seismic network recorded two main landslides along the steep slope of Sciara del Fuoco, with onset around 13:15 and 13:23 local time (GMT+1). The tsunamis were the direct consequence of the mass movements. Three main post-event surveys helped make assessment on the wave impact on the coast. In this paper the attention is focussed on the accounts of the eye-witnesses, that help us clarify and understand what happened. People in the source area (Sciara del Fuoco) reported a small-volume subaerial slide taking place first, then a sharp cut forming in the sea water down to the sea floor (about 10–20 m deep) and propagating almost parallel to the coastline, be concomitantly associated with a sea retreat and a subsequent sea advance. It is suggested here that the cut was the effect of a large submarine landslide that detached from very close to the coast and produced the 13:15 signal in the recorded seismograms. The second, mostly subaerial, slump was observed to slide down 7–8 min later and to excite a train of waves some distance offshore. Not all the witnesses realised that two distinct tsunamis occurred. The tsunami period was probably in the order of 100 s, but shorter period crests were seen to travel on the top of the long-period waves by several persons. The duration of each tsunami was appreciated to be around 5–7 min. It is difficult to ascertain which tsunami was the largest, since there is no full agreement among the observers, but certainly by accounts both were characterised by large destructive waves.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Post tsunami reconstruction'

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