Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Post-traumatic stress disorder'
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1
Fagelson, Marc A. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1635.
2
Holeva, Vassiliki. "Predicting post traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488185.
3
Holcroft, Leanne. "Post-traumatic stress disorder after stroke." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436730.
4
Ayers, Susan. "Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481529.
5
Newell, Tracey. "Neurocognition in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/162759/.
Abstract:
The negative behavioural and emotional symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have been extensively reported in the literature. However, much less is known about the neuropsychological and neurobiological characteristics of the disorder. This thesis consists of two papers, the first being a review which highlights the emerging picture of literature in the field of neuropsychology in PTSD, with particular reference to findings in those cognitive domains of general intellectual functioning, memory, attention and executive function. Given that the findings associated within these domains are mixed, the second paper reports the outcome from a neuropsychological study of cognitive differences that was conducted to contribute to current knowledge in the area of neurocognition and visual memory in PTSD in particular. Trauma exposure, current PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms and performance on a range of neuropsychological tests were examined in tertiary care outpatients with PTSD (n=26), individuals who had been exposed to severe trauma but without current PTSD (n=26), and healthy controls (n=26). In addition to previously reported deficits in verbal learning and fluency in PTSD, deficits in visual spatial memory were also found. These observable deficits in visual memory may reflect characteristic features of PTSD, such as reported difficulties in remembering certain aspects of traumatic events and the presence of visual flashbacks. It is uncertain whether these deficits represent a risk factor for PTSD, or a consequence of trauma, as suggested by research in animal models.
6
Brown, Kristine L. "The Connection between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Suicide Behavior: What Links Post-traumatic Stress Disorder to Suicide?" University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372598026.
7
Astorga, Delia Marie. "Educating veterans on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1571852.
Abstract:
The purpose of this project was to create program to identify funding sources, and write a grant to fund a support group for veterans who suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at the Department of Veterans Affairs of, Long Beach. The literature allowed this write to find the main causes of PTSD in this case being exposed to combat, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBO), and the consequences to PTSD (substance abuse, commit suicide, experience family conflicts). This writer also found Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PET), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to be effective intervention in treating veterans with PTSD. The proposed program is aimed at providing psychoeducation to veterans and to help improve the lives of our service men and women who suffer from PTSD. The program includes group counseling, and individual counseling for veterans, family counseling. Providing the proper training will help social worker better assess and serve our veterans who return from combat with PTSD. Actual submission and/or funding of the grant were not required for the completion of this project.
8
Isaac, Claire L. "Cognitive function in post-traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2358/.
Abstract:
Complaints of poor memory by individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have engendered research into attention and memory functioning in this disorder. Due to numerous methodological difficulties encountered in research with this group, results have been inconclusive. In Chapter 1 of this thesis the existing literature is reviewed to ascertain whether there is any evidence of a specific pattern of memory disorder associated with PTSD. Studies are reviewed for evidence of cognitive deficits relating to the structures of the limbic system. dysfunction in which has been implicated in PTSD. It is concluded that there is relatively good evidence of deficits related to probable frontal lobe functions. However, there is very little evidence of hippocampal related disorders and no studies have investigated memory functions relating to hypothesised roles of the amygdala in this group. In chapters 2 and 3 experiments are described that aim to investigate cognitive abilities related to amygdala functioning in PTSD. Chapter 2 investigates an hypothesised role of the amygdala in the consolidation of memory for emotional material. The results confirm the possibility of amygdala dysfunction in PTSD by showing that on a test of free recall participants with PTSD forgot emotional word stimuli at a faster rate than control participants, whereas non-emotional stimuli were forgotten at a more normal rate. Chapter 3 investigated a second hypothesised role for the amygdala in the recognition of facial expressions of fear and anger. Results showed that PTSD participants were somewhat impaired in their recognition of these expressions, which contrasted with an enhanced ability, associated with symptoms of hyperarousal, in identifying other negative facial expressions. In Chapter 4, the relevance of neuropsychological research to Clinical Psychology is discussed. It is argued that such research is vital if we are to fully understand the difficulties clients could face on a day-to-day basis.
9
Gerdes, S. "Post traumatic stress disorder and psychological therapies." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/35103.
Abstract:
Literature Review: The current review presents a recent review of the effectiveness of psychological therapies to treat sleep difficulties (such as insomnia and nightmares) in sufferers of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review also aimed to investigate whether there are differences in the effectiveness of specific psychological therapies to treat sleep disturbances in PTSD, such as between the different types of psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT). Eleven studies were included in the review that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results are presented in tables and a descriptive account is included. The review demonstrates that psychological therapies are effective for the treatment of insomnia and other sleep difficulties such as nightmares. However, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the effectiveness of different types of psychological therapies as studies predominantly used CBT and only one non-CBT study was included in the review. Comparisons between the effectiveness of different CBT approaches is also not possible as there was a large range of diversity in the study characteristics and also there were only a small number of studies for each intervention, which therefore limits the generalisability of results in the current review. It may be that different CBT interventions such as CBT-I or EERT and IRT may be better suited to treat insomnia and nightmares respectively, but further research needs to be conducted into which of these approaches are beneficial for different PTSD specific sleep difficulties. Empirical Paper: Initial studies demonstrate that self-compassion reduces symptoms of PTSD in Armed Forces Veterans (AFV), however the use of self-compassion approaches in AFV is under-researched. The current study utilised self-report and psychophysiological measures to investigate whether a single self-compassion experimental induction reduced hyperarousal symptoms (PTSD Cluster E symptoms) and increased feelings of social connectedness in AFV. The study hypothesised that there would be a decrease in hyperarousal symptoms and an increase in social connectedness, which would be associated with PTSD severity. Fifty-three AFV who had been deployed to a combat zone took part in the study, of which n = 15 (28.3%) currently met criteria for PTSD and n = 4 (7.5%) met criteria for Subsyndromal PTSD on the PCL-5. Participants listened to a recording of a Loving Kindness Meditation for self-compassion (LKM-S) and psychophysiological recordings were taken throughout. Participants completed state measures of hyperarousal and social connectedness before and after the LKM-S. Findings partially demonstrated that self-compassion can be elicited in an AFV population. However, changes on the self-report measures were largely not supported by psychophysiological measures, apart from skin conductance levels (SCL). The longevity of the effects observed in the study were not measured and should be investigated in future studies. Although this study has demonstrated that self-compassion can be elicited within the AFV population, further research is needed including to test a longer self-compassion intervention.
10
Panagioti, Maria. "Suicidal behaviour in post-traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/suicidal-behaviour-in-posttraumatic-stress-disorder(0aa2d261-53de-41af-b3e6-e18316fb7806).html.
Abstract:
A growing body of research has indicated that the levels of suicidal behaviour are particularly heightened among individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Two theoretical models of suicide, the Cry of Pain Model of suicide (CoP; Williams, 1997) and the Schematic Appraisals Model of Suicide (SAMS; Johnson, Gooding & Tarrier, 2008) have proposed that perceptions of defeat and entrapment are key components of the psychological mechanisms which drive suicidal behaviour. The SAMS has also emphasized the importance of psychological resilience factors for preventing suicide risk. Resilience to suicide has been recently defined as a set of appraisals which buffer the impact of risk factors on suicidal behaviour. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of perceptions of defeat and entrapment in suicidal behaviour in those with full or subthreshold PTSD. The second aim of this thesis was to obtain empirical evidence for the presence of resilience factors to suicidal behaviour in PTSD. Initially, a comprehensive narrative review and a meta-analysis were conducted to examine the magnitude of the association between various forms of suicidal behaviour and a PTSD diagnosis and the role of comorbid depression in this association. Both, the narrative review and the meta-analysis demonstrated a strong positive association between suicidal behaviour and PTSD, and supported the mediating impact of comorbid depression in this association. A re-analysis of a previous dataset of individuals with PTSD was also pursued to establish the relevance of negative perceptions/appraisals to suicidal behaviour in those with PTSD. Next, three empirical studies were designed to investigate the utility of perceptions of defeat and entrapment in explaining suicidal behaviour in those with full or subthreshold PTSD. The outcomes across the three studies supported the hypothesis that defeat and entrapment represent the proximal psychological drivers of suicidal behaviour in PTSD and fully account for the suicidogenic effects of negative self-appraisals and PTSD symptoms. Two additional empirical studies were conducted to examine resilience factors to suicidal behaviour among individuals with full or subthreshold PTSD. The first of these studies provided evidence that high levels of perceived social support buffered the impact of PTSD symptoms on suicidal behaviour. The last study supported the efficacy of a resilience-boosting technique, the Broad-Minded Affective Coping procedure (BMAC), to enhance the experience of positive emotions and improve mood amongst individuals diagnosed with PTSD. Together, the current results support the SAMS' postulation concerning the role of perceptions of defeat and entrapment in the emergence of suicidal behaviour in PTSD and highlight the importance of boosting resilience as a means of targeting suicidal behaviour in those with PTSD. Clinical implications of these findings are outlined throughout the thesis.
11
Kramer, Kathleen. "Optimal treatment for post traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12139.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThough recognized previously as “shell shock” or “combat neurosis” Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that was first introduced in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980. Diagnosis of PTSD requires the experience of a traumatic event followed by symptoms including avoidance, hyperarousal, re-experiencing, numbing and intense fear. The current treatment options include psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Brain stimulation is also emerging as an effective treatment option. The most widely studied and successful treatment is termed Prolonged Exposure therapy (PE). This involves the therapeutic repetition of the traumatic experience in order for the patient to understand that they are no longer in danger. Despite the effectiveness of PE, many individuals continue to suffer from PTSD. There are several obstacles between research and practice, as well as barriers to care for those suffering from PTSD. Even when evidence based practice is applied to those in need, there is still a high rate of treatment failures. Further research must be done to determine the best course of treatment for the increasing number of individuals suffering from PTSD.
12
Fagelson, Marc A. "Tinnitus, Hyperacusis, & Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1610.
13
Jones, R. C. "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Chronic Cardiopulmonary Disease." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485448.
Abstract:
This work aims to examine the prevalence and impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is widely underdiagnosed and may be associated with negative effects on health-related behaviour, including smoking, diet, exercise, seeking appropriate treatment and compliance with prescribed medication. Depression after myocardial infarction (MI) is known to be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, butless is known about PTSD after MI. This thesis consists of the following: A systematic review of the prevalence and impacts of PTSD after MI, which found 15 studies that presented original research data involving 974 participants. The prevalence of PTSD ranged from 0% to 25%; the pooled prevalence was 14.7%. Inadequate information was available to confirm an association between PTSD and adverse cardiovascular outcomes after MI. A study of 112 patients with a previous diagnosis of MI recruited from primary was carried out. Overall, 32% of patients had PTSD related to their MI, and that PTSD was associated with significant psychological morbidity. No evidence, however, suggested that people with PTSD after MI were more likely to have risk factors for future cardiovascular events. A study of the prevalence of PTSD in 100 patients with COPD referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation programme found that 8% had PTSD~ Post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with impaired health status. Symptoms of PTSD did not improve after pulmonary rehabilitation despite improvements in other aspects of health,.status. In neither patients with COPD nor patients with IHD was PTSO associated with smoking. In conclusion, PTSO is not uncommon in patients with IHD and COPO and is largely undetected. PTSD is associated with both psychological symptoms and increased symptom burden related to the chronic illness. In patients with IHO, Iwas unable to confirm previous findings that PTSO is associated with poor 3 compliance, unhealthy behavioural patterns and increased risk factors for progression of IHO. Insufficient evidence was found to conclude that PTSO is a cause of adverse outcomes in patients with COPD. The relation between psychological factors and the development, progression and risk of acute events in patient with IHD and COPD merits further research.
14
Smith, Kirsten V. "Post-traumatic stress disorder and allocentric spatial memory." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604302.
Abstract:
A recent Dual Representation Model of intrusive memory proposes that intrusions reflect involuntary reactivation of egocentric/hippocampally dependent representations in the absence of a corresponding allocentric/hippocampally independent representation (Brewin, Gergory, Lipton, & Burgess, 20 I 0). We investigated allocentric processing, following trauma, and examined whether PTSD sufferers have impaired performance indicative of reduced hippocampal functioning. Trauma-exposed individuals with (N=29) and without a diagnosis of PTSD (N=29) completed two tests of allocentric spatial processing. The first, a topographical recognition task comprising perception and memory components. The second, a virtual environment in which objects are presented and recognition memory is tested from either the same viewpoint as presentation (tapping egocentric memory) or a different viewpoint (tapping alloeentric memory). Participants in the PTSD group performed significantly worse on both tests of allocentric spatial processing than trauma-exposed controls. Groups performed comparably on egocentric memory and a non-spatial memory task of object list learning. These results show an unambiguous impairment in hippocampally dependent cognitive processes. As predicted by the Dual Representation Theory-Revised those with PTSD display impaired allocentric processing indicative of reduced hippocampal function . The clinical and research implications of this result will be discussed.
15
Ferguson, Sandra. "'Complex' post traumatic stress disorder in battered women." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28008.
Abstract:
It is argued that the diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) fails to capture the range of psychological consequences found in populations who have been chronically traumatised (Herman 1992). 'Complex' Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has been postulated, which includes many of the commonly reported additional difficulties, in an attempt to overcome this weakness. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which the symptoms of Complex PTSD are found in battered women (n=25), a chronically traumatised group. A sample of women in the community who have not experienced violence at the hands of a partner are used as controls (n=25). The relationship between Complex PTSD and PTSD is examined, as are the relative effects of hypothesised risk factors including; a history of childhood physical or sexual abuse, length of violent relationship, severity of violence experienced, concurrent stress and other traumatic experiences.
16
Sermpezis, Christos. "Patterns of construing and post-traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14360.
Abstract:
Four studies were conducted in order to investigate the way people construe their most stressful and traumatic experiences. Personal constl1,lct theory was the main theoretical approach used in all studies but the thesis also drew upon social const~ctionist perspectives. In study one, a clinical sample of people diagnosed with PTSD (n = 36) was tested using repertory grids and questionnaires. The study tested the viability of the personal construct model of PTSD (Sewell et aI, 1996). Results did not support the model and a new personal construct model was proposed. In study two, an investigation into a number of methodological issues relating to the hierarchical-classes analysis (HICbAS), as applied to PTSD conceptualizations within the personal construct model, was conducted. Results revealed that its use in the analysis of repertory grid data was based on flawed assumptions. Corrective suggestions were proposed and the TUCKER-HICLAS software was introduced in order to improve the analysis of repertory grid data. In study three, a student sample (n = 114) was divided into groups according to some personality traits (high/low anxiety, repression, dissociatIon, thought suppression). The students completed repertory grids using as elements life events, including the most stressful event of their lives, and consequently their patterns of construing these events were compared between them as well as with the patterns found among the PTSD ' , patients from Study One. Results were counterintuitive in the sense that it was found that the low anxious group was the most similar to the PTSD group. A model based on the concepts of anticipation and epistemic control was proposed to account for the findings. In study four, an asylum seeker and refugee sample (n = 5) diagnosed with PTSD was interviewed and asked to complete repertory grids. Results showed that this population tends to construe their traumas in terms of constructs expressing social relations rather than psychological states, as commonly found among non-refugee people. Central to their construing of trauma was found to be the concept of 'limbo'. The psychosocial effects of limbo were explored through the anthropological concept of liminality. It was propose'd that issues of functionality should be incorporated into the diagnosis and treatment of trauma among asylum seekers and refugees as well as the general population.
17
Banks, Kirsty. "Mindfulness, self-compassion and post-traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22085.
Abstract:
Background: Post-traumatic stress and exposure to early traumatic events are often characterised by negative self-cognitions and experiences of shame, guilt or blame. These symptoms are theoretically linked to the concept of self-compassion which is an important factor in affect regulation, and is predictive of mental wellbeing and psychological distress. Interventions aimed at increasing acceptance, non-judgement and self-compassion such as mindfulness may be useful in the treatment of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Methods: The first part of this portfolio presents a systematic review which aimed to collate and evaluate the existing research for the use of mindfulness based interventions to treat post-traumatic stress symptoms. The search process involved a systematic search of relevant research databases, hand search of relevant journals, and relevant authors were contacted. The second part of this portfolio presents a quantitative research study which explored the relationship between the experience of childhood trauma and self-compassion; and whether self-compassion was predictive of post-traumatic stress and growth in an adult clinical sample. Data were collected through postal survey and analysed using correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. Systematic Review Results: The systematic review resulted in 12 studies which met eligibility criteria, the majority of studies indicated positive outcomes with improvements in post-traumatic stress symptoms, particularly in reducing avoidance. Many of these studies lacked methodological rigour and further studies with more robust research design are required. Research Study Results: The quantitative study showed that greater experience of childhood emotional abuse, neglect, punishment and sexual abuse were significantly correlated with lower self-compassion in adulthood. Hierarchical regression showed that self-compassion was predictive of total post-traumatic stress symptoms, post-traumatic avoidance and intrusion when age, gender, exposure to traumatic events and childhood trauma were controlled. The experience of post-traumatic growth showed no significant relationship with self-compassion. Conclusions: Studies indicate that mindfulness interventions show promise for the treatment of PTSD symptoms, although further research with more robust methodology is needed. Greater experience of childhood abuse is related to lower self-compassion in adulthood and lower self-compassion is predictive of higher PTSD avoidance and intrusion symptoms. This suggests that future research investigating self-compassion interventions may be beneficial in treating PTSD.
18
McKinnon, Aimee. "Assessing physiological sensitivity in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/110198/.
Abstract:
People who have endured horrific events often bear predictable psychological harm. The symptoms of this harm can persist to produce a recognised clinical syndrome, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The lived reality of PTSD is a condition in which sufferers experience unbearable emotional reactions to traumatic reminders and exist in a persistent state of fear. Although the psychiatric and psychological construct of PTSD has been hotly contested, research and clinical opinion seem to converge around a state of enhanced sensitivity to threat, underpinned by chronic physiological hyper-arousal. This thesis has been concerned with the development of assessment measures that are sensitive to physiological hyper-arousal, including pupillometry and visual contrast sensitivity. In three experiments, a sample of 73 participants recruited from military, addiction and homelessness charity services were assessed for PTSD symptomology with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-V, and the self-report Impact of Event Scale-Revised. During passive viewing of emotive images, individuals with PTSD showed pupil responses that were influenced more by emotive stimuli than controls, and showed a reduced constriction of the pupil to light; revealing altered states of arousal. Due to methodological differences, a task assessing pupil responses to emotive sound clips failed to replicate this result. The assessment of visual contrast sensitivity revealed the heterogeneous nature of PTSD. Multi-dimensional assessment of symptom subscales showed that higher levels of re-experiencing symptoms were related to heightened visual sensitivity, but avoidant symptoms were related to lower sensitivity. Overall, the assessment of psychophysiological responses in PTSD demonstrated the utility of pupillometry for the assessment of PTSD, contributed to the literature on the regulation of the autonomic nervous system in PTSD, and highlighted the diversity of the clinical construct due to opposing effects of the symptom subscales.
19
Garlick, Amanda Louise. "Post traumatic stress disorder : a portfolio of research." Title page, portfolio overview and portfolio structure only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DNS/09dnsg2336.pdf.
Abstract:
"November 2003" Bibliography: leaves 168-170 This thesis comprises three reports on research into post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The research seeks to explore issues surrounding PTSD including treatment options, the nurses' role in providing this treatment and the perceptions of those who have undergone treatment for PTSD. Whilst one of the reports specifically looks at combat-related PTSD, the other two are more broadly based. It was noted, however, that within Australia, most PTSD treated in accredited programmes is combat related.
20
Kenny, Lucy Margaret. "Memory processes in posttraumatic stress disorder." [New South Wales : University of New South Wales], 2006. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/uploads/approved/adt-NUN20061110.142022/public/02whole.pdf.
21
Reid, Louise Marie. "Traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder symptom reporting and attentional bias : unravelling the misidentification of post-traumatic stress disorder in people with a traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1221/.
Abstract:
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur following a traumatic event that has led to moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) even when there is little or no memory for the event. The incidence of PTSD is higher when diagnosed by self-report questionnaires compared to structured clinical interview. Previous studies suggest PTSD can be misdiagnosed in a significant proportion of cases and the incidence is in fact low. To explore this issue further there is a need to not only understand whether there are differences between cases that do and do not fulfill symptom criteria for PTSD, but also whether some cases have ‘partial PTSD’; that is to say they have PTSD symptoms but do not fulfill the DSM-IV symptom criteria exactly. Aims: The study aims to establish whether an attentional bias to trauma related words exists in people with TBI who report PTSD symptoms and to investigate the relationship between physiological arousal and attentional bias in people with a TBI reporting PTSD symptoms. Method: Forty-one participants with severe-extremely severe TBI were recruited from the community and completed measures of cognitive functioning. Attentional bias was measured using a Stroop task in which trauma, negative, neutral and positive words were administered randomly. Physiological reactivity (heart rate) was recorded and PTSD ‘caseness’ was established using a self-report questionnaire and a clinician-administered structured interview. Results: No significant relationship between PTSD symptom severities and attentional bias to trauma stimuli was apparent. Those with ‘PTSD’ demonstrated significantly slower reaction times to negative words however; this bias was associated with self-report of depression rather than PTSD symptomatology. Heart rate decreased throughout the interview and was not associated with PTSD symptom severities. Conclusions: Greater PTSD symptom reporting was not associated with an attentional bias to trauma words. Heart rate decreased over the course of the interview, independent of PTSD severity and diagnosis. This suggests that ‘partial’ PTSD was not present, and instead those who reported PTSD symptoms were curious about the gap in memory caused by amnesia without the associated fear response.
22
Fairhurst, Anna. "Post-traumatic stress disorder in later life : psychosocial influences." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275294.
23
Flynn, Elizabeth Carmel. "An investigation into post-traumatic stress disorder following stroke." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26510.
Abstract:
There is now increased recognition that Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can occur after Traumatic Brain Injury (McMillan, 1996; Bryant & Harvey 1999). Recent literature highlights the occurrence of traumatic incidents which, although accompanied by brain injury, result in symptoms consistent with PTSD. Furthermore, this raises the question of whether PTSD can occur after non-traumatic brain injury, for example, stroke (Sembi et al. 1998). Memory for the event appears to be important in the development of PTSD symptoms particularly in relation to re-experiencing the event. The role of memory for the event in the development of PTSD following acquired brain injury remains unclear (Sbordone & Liter 1995). Following on from work by Berry (1998), this study aimed to confirm whether it is possible for PTSD to occur following both haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. The effect loss of consciousness might have on memory for the event, as well as the consequence of this on subsequent psychological distress is explored. The implications of a stressor which disrupts brain function is considered with particular emphasis on the frequency and type of symptoms reported. The thirty-two individuals who participated in this study had recently experienced either a haemorrhagic or an ischaemic stroke. All participants were screened to exclude those who had severe cognitive impairment. Participants completed self-report measures describing current psychological distress including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to diagnose PTSD. Data was collected on type, location and severity of stroke as well as demographic details. The results are discussed with reference to previous research findings.
24
Mills, Katherine Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Post traumatic stress disorder among people with heroin dependence." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Public Health and Community Medicine, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23339.
Abstract:
Comorbidity between substance use disorders and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common. Despite evidence to suggest that people with heroin dependence are at particular risk of PTSD, there is a dearth of research focussing on the interrelationship between these disorders. The present thesis aims to identify the prevalence of PTSD among people with heroin dependence, the correlates of this comorbidity, and its impact on treatment outcomes, the utilisation of treatment services, and treatment costs. Study 1 examines the epidemiology of PTSD and heroin dependence among 10,641 Australian adults who participated in the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. The prevalence of PTSD was highest among people with heroin or other opioid use disorders compared with any other drug class (33.2%). Comorbid PTSD was associated with poorer occupational functioning, and poorer physical and mental health. While general population studies provide crucial population estimates they do not allow for a detailed examination of the relationship between highly disabling but low prevalence disorders. The remaining studies were undertaken using a sample of 615 treatment seeking and non-treatment seeking dependent heroin users. Study 2 examines the prevalence and correlates of this comorbidity. PTSD was common (lifetime 41%; current 31%) and was associated with a more severe clinical profile. Studies 3 and 4 were based on follow-up data on this large cohort. Study 3 is the first study to examine the impact of PTSD on 2 year treatment outcomes for heroin dependence. Across the 2 year period, those with current PTSD at baseline performed more poorly in terms of their occupational functioning, physical and mental health. Study 4 found that this did not equate to the greater use of treatment services or an increased cost to the health care system among those with PTSD. It is concluded that PTSD and heroin dependence are highly comorbid conditions, and that this comorbidity is associated with poorer functioning and poorer treatment outcomes. Individuals entering treatment for heroin dependence should be assessed for PTSD so that they may receive appropriate treatment and referral. Further research is also needed to determine how best to treat this comorbidity.
25
Moran, Thomas A. "Canon 1095, 3,̊ and the post-traumatic stress disorder." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
26
Rose, Victoria. "Empathy and self-compassion in post-traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494904.
Abstract:
The area of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has attracted a large amount of research interest. Research has attempted to explore both what may contribute towards an individual developing symptoms following exposure to traumatic stressor, and what may protect against severe symptoms. This thesis considers models of PTSD, together with research exploring potential risk or protective factors associated with the onset and maintenance of symptoms of PTSD. The relationship between empathy and PTSD has attracted little research; however, studies exploring vicarious or secondary traumatisation suggest that empathy may be a risk factor for developing symptoms. An exploration of empathy and its consistent parts, including the skills of emotion recognition required in order to interact successfully and respond appropriately to others is considered. This empirical study examined the role of empathy and self-compassion within primary PTSD. Measures of empathy were provided in the form of a self-report scale and ratings of pleasantness and arousal when viewing emotional facial expressions. An emotion recognition task (following the paradigm of Joorman & Gotlib, 2006) was also completed to explore the association between levels of empathy and the skills of emotion recognition. It was predicted that motor vehicle accident exposed participants with PTSD would have higher levels of empathy and lower self-compassion than accident exposed individuals with no PTSD and a non-accident exposed group. These predicted differences were not found; however, correlations revealed a positive relationship between symptom severity and some empathy subscales.
27
Halliday, Sarah Ann. "Post-traumatic stress disorder in obstetrics : a literature review." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272300.
Abstract:
This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Clinical Psychology (Clin. Psy. D. ) at the University of Birmingham. It comprises clinical placement reports and a research project. Volume I contains the research component in two papers. The first is a review of the literature relating to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Obstetrics. This paper is prepared for submission to the British Journal of Health Psychology. It examines how the DSM-IV diagnostic system for PTSD has been applied to traumatic stress reactions to childbirth. Post-partum PTSD is then compared and contrasted with PTSD in other fields, such as combat, civilian and health-related settings. The second paper is an empirical study of the psychological adjustment to the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD). It investigates the role of coping style and negative and positive affect in physical and psychological recovery. There is also an examination of whether ICD shock discharge is associated with poorer psychological and physical outcome and posttraumatic stress symptoms. This paper has been prepared for submission to the journal of Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. Instructions for submitting authors to the journals are included in the appendices to Volume I. The thesis follows APA required writing guidelines unless journal submission specifications are required. To facilitate ease of reading, tables and figures are included in the text, but will be included as appendices for journal submission. The appendices to Volume I also contain an executive summary of the empirical paper that is intended for submission to the public domain. Volume II comprises five reports of clinical practice that were submitted over the course of clinical training. These describe a range of issues pertinent to the clinical specialties of adult mental health, child and family, older adult and clinical health psychology. The reports are: a case of a woman with bulimia formulated from cognitive, psychodynamic and systemic perspectives; a short case study of a cognitive behavioural intervention with a woman experiencing phobic anxiety of public urinary incontinence; an evaluation of the quality of communication of a child and family mental health team to GP referrers; an extended single case study of the assessment and intervention with an older adult experiencing chronic grief and sleep disturbance, and; a written presentation describing the role of the clinical psychologist in the assessment of a patient requesting breast augmentation surgery. Relevant appendices are inserted after Clinical Practice Report Three.
28
Fagelson, Marc A. "Clinical Findings Linking Tinnitus to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1626.
29
Murkar, Anthony. "Exploring Novel Treatment Approaches for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40040.
Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a disorder characterized by an inability to extinguish traumatic memories and heightened reactivity to emotional stimuli. Due to the heightened resistance of traumatic memories to extinction, treatment for PTSD has been challenging and is limited to behavioral therapies targeted at reducing responsivity to threatening stimuli. Currently there are no standard pharmacological interventions that are specific to PTSD; rather, drugs used appear to target symptoms of some of the co-morbid conditions, such as anxiety (e.g. benzodiazepines) or depression (antidepressants) - which may also affect fear-memory. In this thesis, we explore the effects of natural health products (NHPs) including naturally occurring peptides and some medical botanicals on fear memory in order to explore the efficacy of natural products as potential pharmacological targets for fear-based disorders.
Fear-conditioning has been used effectively in both rodents and humans to study fear-learning. Fear-conditioning is a learning paradigm during which an unconditioned aversive stimulus (such as foot shock) is paired with a neutral stimulus (such as light or tone), such that the neutral stimulus becomes associated with aversion. Fear-learning has several well-characterized stages, including acquisition, consolidation, reconsolidation, expression, and extinction that can be manipulated in order to study the pharmacological action(s) on the attenuation of learned-fear. Blockade of reconsolidation, the state during which formed memories are briefly rendered susceptible to change following recall, may provide a window of opportunity to pharmacologically diminish learned fear. In Chapter 1 of the thesis, we discuss fear-conditioning as a pre-clinical model of PTSD to explore the effects of novel pharmacological treatments on the reconsolidation process in rodents. We ultimately hope to provide a framework for translational work in humans for attenuating conditioned responses to trauma-related stimuli among humans with PTSD.
In Chapter 2, we present evidence that systemic administration of gastrin-releasing peptide attenuates the reconsolidation of conditioned fear in rodents. Similarly, in chapter 3, we explore the effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) on the reconsolidation of learned-fear, and provide evidence that cannabinoid molecules may similarly prove effective at blocking the reconsolidation of conditioned fear memories. In chapter 4, we present evidence demonstrating that extracts of medical botanical Souroubea sympetala and its components may similarly block reconsolidation of conditioned fear-memory, and also exert more general anxiolytic-like activity in the elevated plus maze paradigm. Finally, in chapter 5 a general discussion considers the relative therapeutic potential for future human clinical trials of each of the three tested groups of compounds.
30
Heiberg, Franchéle. "Personality predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth in forensic mortuary employees." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65559.
Abstract:
Employees of the Forensic Pathology Services (FPS) work under constant physical, emotional and psychological stress due to the demands of their work. The literature review emphasizes the widespread existence of traumatic stress in relation to critical incident occupations involving contact with the deceased. However, a need for further research into prolonged and recurring death exposure was highlighted. The objectives of this study were: to investigate the predictive relationship between personality dimensions and post-traumatic stress symptoms within the FPS; and to evaluate whether personality factors can predict post-traumatic growth (PTG). A quantitative study was done with a sample of 118 FPS members from forensic mortuaries within the Gauteng Provincial jurisdiction. Participants included forensic officers, forensic medicine practitioners, administrative staff, and forensic science graduate students. A personality-based conceptual framework allowed for PTSD and PTG to be analysed in relation to the Five-factor model of personality. Findings revealed that significantly high levels of PTSD currently exist within the FPS. The personality traits Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, as well as the PTGI factor Appreciation of life, were found to be significant predictors of PTSD symptomology. Level of education was found to serve as a protective factor. Furthermore, Extroversion, Openness to experience, and job description, were found to have a significant influence on PTG. This study concludes with recommendations for future research into PTSD and PTG within the FPS or similar critical incident occupations.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Psychology
MA
Unrestricted
31
Laffaye, Charlene. "An examination of the relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, anger, physical health, and medical utilization /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3248217.
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Sutherland, Kylie Anne Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27273.
Abstract:
This program of research investigated the nature and processes of autobiographical memory deficits in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study 1 examined the proposition that difficulties in the retrieval of specific memories present a risk factor for posttraumatic psychopathology. A prospective study of fire-fighters found that a significant predictor of posttraumatic stress was a deficit in retrieving specific memories to positive cues before trauma. Study 2 investigated whether autobiographical retrieval deficits in PTSD can be modified by psychological treatment. Results found that as PTSD symptoms reduced following treatment, individuals with PTSD retrieved more specific memories to positive cues. Together, these results indicated that specific retrieval deficits to positive cues present a vulnerability factor for PTSD. However, this memory style appears to be receptive to modification following therapy. Study 3 investigated the association between autobiographical retrieval deficits and impaired problemsolving in PTSD. Participants with PTSD retrieved more overgeneral categoric memories and took longer to retrieve memories than non-PTSD trauma controls. This deficit was associated with impaired social problem-solving, suggesting that specific retrieval is related to successful problem solving. In an analogue design, Studies 4 and 5 investigated the proposition that resource limitations may underpin autobiographical retrieval deficits. Results generally supported the proposal that reduced cognitive resources may be a mechanism contributing to specific retrieval deficits. Studies 6 and 7 examined rumination as another possible mechanism responsible for these retrieval deficits. Study 6 found high anxious participants retrieved fewer specific memories to positive cues following rumination, compared to distraction. Study 7 found evidence that negative rumination in the high anxious group increased categoric retrieval, whereas positive rumination had no effect. Study 8 found retrieval of trauma-related self-defining memories was strongly associated with personal goals connected to the trauma. Study 9 found that discrepancies in one???s self construct were related to the retrieval of trauma memories to positive cues. This program of research extends current theories of autobiographical memory by identifying risk, maintenance, and recovery factors in the context of PTSD.
33
Taha, Ai Yun. "Exploring functional connectivity across borderline personality disorder, post traumatic stress disorder and dissociative disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1471093/.
Abstract:
The overall focus of this thesis relates to resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the default mode network (DMN) in borderline personality disorder (BPD), post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative disorders. Part one of the thesis systematically reviewed 19 studies investigating RSFC of the DMN in PTSD, BPD and dissociative disorders to establish the value of DMN in understanding the three psychopathology. Current research suggests that RSFC of the DMN is distinct when comparing participants with PTSD, participants with PTSD co-morbid with MDD, and healthy controls. In addition, studies also showed that RSFC of the DMN was associated with PTSD severity and trauma experiences. In terms of BPD, findings seem to indicate the presence of aberrant RSFC of the DMN when compared to healthy controls and bipolar disorder. However, in order to interpret these results, it is essential to consider the potential influence of co-morbid MDD. As there was only one research investigating dissociative disorder, it is premature to conclude if RSFC of the DMN is atypical in this disorder. Overall, the reviewed studies seems to indicate that the value of the DMN in understanding psychopathology is strongest in PTSD but lacking in BPD and dissociative disorder. Part one concludes by addressing current limitations and implications for future research. Part two presents an empirical study investigating RSFC of the DMN in participants with BPD and healthy controls. In order to further elucidate the associations with indices of core symptomatology, self-reports measures pertaining to dissociation, trauma, emotional dysregulation, general clinical symptomatology and personality psychopathology were also administered. The findings suggest that BPD participants display higher RSFC between core brain regions. However, as only one of the obtained finding remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons, the results should be interpreted cautiously. Additionally, higher RSFC in BPD participants were also associated with higher self-reported trauma experiences, dissociation and general clinical symptomatology. Similarly, these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and hence should be further investigated in future studies. This section concluded by discussing implications of these findings and limitations of the current study. Part three provided a critical appraisal of the entire research process. Firstly, it considers the implications of the current study, namely the influence on therapeutic approaches, our understanding of BPD, PTSD and dissociation, reflections on the wider issues in neuroimaging studies and in BPD research. This is then followed by a discussion of the challenges and opportunities in research investigating multiple constructs. Lastly, whilst acknowledging the limitations of neuroimaging, the critical appraisal also put forth suggestions aimed at maximizing clinical utility of neuroimaging findings.
34
Grant, Leonard Francis III. "Traumatic Formations and Psychiatric Codifications: A Rhetorical History of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86174.
Abstract:
Since it was first included in the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1980, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become a medical and cultural phenomenon. Moreover, it has led to the belief that PTSD is a universal aspect of human experience. Traumatic Formations and Psychiatric Codifications: A Rhetorical History of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder challenges this view by examining the rhetorical processes by which PTSD and its predecessor diagnoses were codified. Using critical techniques taken from rhetorical studies, Science and Technology in Society studies, and historiography, this dissertation examines the social, medical, and institutional formations that created the need for psychological trauma to be codified as an actionable psychiatric diagnosis at four specific historical moments, beginning in Victorian England and culminating with the offical codification of PTSD in 1980. By attending to the rhetorical processes of codifying unique post-traumatic illnesses over the course of 150 years, this dissertation argues that post-traumatic illnesses are better understood as dynamic entities that respond to specific social problems. Furthermore, it finds that the diagnoses themselves must conform to the constraints of their day as determined by the institutions (government, military, or disciplinary) that call upon psychiatric medicine to intervene in social problems.
Traumatic Formations presents four historical case studies: railway spine in Victorian England, shell shock in World War I, post-Vietnam syndrome in the 1970s, and PTSD in 1980. After introducing the project in the first chapter, Chapter 2 examines how British legal courts in the late ninteenth century called upon physicians to determine whether train accident survivors were entitled to monetary compensation for their psychological injuries. To make psychological trauma legible to legal courts, British physicians codified railway spine as a psychological effect of a physical injury, thus connecting victims' mental problems to the accidents they survived. Chapter 3 analyzes how the shell shock epidemic in World War I ushered in a shift in theoretical understandings of psychological trauma. When psychiatrists located near the frontlines of combat demonstrated that soldiers did not need to be exposed to exploding munitions to manifest the symptoms associated with shell shock, medical professionals and the British military came to understand shell shock as a psychological problem rather than a physical malady. Chapter 4 examines how a small group of antiwar psychiatrists advocated for military veterans who had trouble readjusting to civilian life after fighting in the Vietnam War. They persuaded the American public, the federal government, and mental health clinicians that the veterans' adjustment problems were the result of a new psychological illness called post-Vietnam syndrome. Chapter 5 analyzes how post-Vietnam syndrome become PTSD. In the process of convincing the APA to include PTSD in the 1980 edition of the DSM, many of the unique features of post-Vietnam syndrome were compromised so that the PTSD diagnosis could be applied to people who were traumatized by events other than war.Ph. D.
35
Quinn, Robert Hart. "Posttraumatic stress disorder its theological significance and the church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. Div. in Christian Care and Counseling)--Emmanuel School of Religion, Johnson City, Tennessee, 2000.Vita. Photocopy of computer printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-137).
36
Lind, Ellen Walker. "Secondary traumatic stress predictors in psychologists /." Full text available online (restricted access), 2000. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/lind.pdf.
37
Amstadter, Ananda Beth Laura L. Vernon Laura L. Burkhart Barry R. "Physiological effects of suppression of neutral and traumatic thoughts in posttraumatic stress disorder." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Psychology/Dissertation/AMSTADTER_ANA_20.pdf.
38
Street, Heidi Griffin. "Self psychology at work in trauma therapy : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5935.
39
Cashin, Thomas Patrick. "Secondary traumatic stress in professional caregivers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1430.
40
Mak, Lai-ping Alison. "Post-traumatic stress disorder: risk factors in the Chinese context." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29726396.
41
Boström, Kristina. "The key to understanding PTSD : Contrasting post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16279.
Abstract:
Traumatic incidences happen all around the globe. Some of the people who experience trauma develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while some do not. Even more interesting is that some also experience growth afterwards (post-traumatic growth; PTG). The purpose of this paper is to look at neural aspects of why some people develop PTSD and others PTG after a traumatic event. To fulfill the aim, both PTSD and PTG will be reviewed to create an image of the existing research in behavioral and neurological terms. In addition to looking at the constructs separately, a chapter will also look at studies where both PTSD and PTG are acknowledged collaterally in participants. When looking deeper into the theories of PTSD divisions occur, and more research is needed to establish the most prominent explanation of PTSD. PTG on the other hand has only been studied for a short period of time but yields important insights into trauma-related outcomes. These fields need to be submerged and new multidisciplinary definitions are needed for future research. The key to PTSD is suggested to emerge within the new field.
42
Guriel, Jennifer L. "Detection of coached malingering of posttraumatic stress disorder." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3324.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 71 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-32).
43
Hinkly, David James. "Post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use in military veterans." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4026/.
Abstract:
The current literature review evaluated the effectiveness of published treatments for military veterans with co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD). The review begins with a summary of background issues pertinent to the treatment of military veterans with PTSD/SUD. These include: estimates of the prevalence of PTSD/SUD in this population; existing arguments regarding treatment delivery; and the rationale for the review. This is followed by a description of the methods used to select and methodologically evaluate the research literature. Fifteen studies were selected for inclusion in the review and were grouped as follows: psychosocial SUD-only treatment; pharmacological SUD-only treatment; ‘present-focussed’ joint PTSD/SUD treatment; and combined ‘past-’ and ‘present-focussed’ joint PTSD/SUD treatment. The best available evidence for SUD-only treatments was for the effectiveness of disulfiram and naltrexone on alcohol use outcomes, for disulfiram on PTSD outcomes, and for the use of opiate substitution therapy with heroin-dependent veterans. The strongest evidence for present-focussed joint PTSD/SUD treatment was for the effectiveness of the ‘Seeking Safety’ protocol in reducing drug use. Preliminary evidence was found for the effectiveness of combined past- and present-focussed joint PTSD/SUD treatment adopting CBT-orientated approaches. The implications of these findings for further research and treatment delivery are discussed. The current paper presents a qualitative study exploring military veterans’ perspectives on the relationship between their use of alcohol and their experiences of post-traumatic stress. It focuses on participants’ motives for using alcohol and their perceptions of the impact of their use on their subjective experiences of post-traumatic stress. Six male participants were recruited from a treatment centre specialising in the treatment of military veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Each participant was interviewed separately using a semi-structured interview schedule and the resulting transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The paper reports the findings of this analysis, and these are discussed in relation to relevant literature. The analysis suggested that participants had used alcohol to ‘self-medicate’ distressing post-traumatic stress symptoms. Participants’ accounts suggested that alcohol had been partially effective at blocking out, or reducing the intensity of symptoms in the short-term, but that longer-term use had led to an exacerbation in symptoms. Alcohol had also been used by some participants to facilitate dissociative states and to enable engagement in social and work activities. The study’s strengths and limitations, as well as implications for clinical practice and future research, are presented.
44
Lane, Mary Kathleen. "Post-traumatic stress disorder in previously abused male sex offenders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39835.
Abstract:
One hundred, primarily incarcerated, adult male sex offenders, were interviewed to determine the extent of their own experience of childhood sexual abuse and their incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Also investigated were the roles played by various aspects of sexual abuse in the development of PTSD and other psychological disorders.
Fifty seven percent of the sample reported having been sexually victimized. Findings regarding age when the abuse began, use of force and severity of body violation were consistent with previous studies. As was found in prior research, the majority of their abusers were known to them and were women. Abuse by men and having been anally penetrated were correlated with the development of PTSD. Also implicated in the development of PTSD and related symptomology was the use of force during the abuse, severity of bodily violation, and, inconsistently, duration of the abuse. Regression analysis revealed use of force, not telling about the abuse as a child, a closer relationship to one's perpetrator, and increased severity of body violation to be, in combination, most consistently predictive of PTSD development. In the sexually abused sample, 33% received a retrospective diagnosis of PTSD, while five percent were currently diagnosed. This contrasts with rates found in the non-sexually abused sample of 7% past diagnosis of PTSD and 2% current diagnosis of PTSD.Ph. D.
45
Clark, Susanne Jane 1956. "Post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in a traumatically injured population." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277990.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between non-combat traumatic injury and the occurrence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. The animal model of inescapable shock (IS) provided a physiological rationale for the nursing interventions discussed relative to decreasing the negative impact of a traumatic injury. Traumatically injured subjects (n = 33) completed the Modified Late Effects of Accidental Injury Questionnaire, Part I (MLEAIQ-I) to assess any late negative effects subsequent to the traumatic injury, Part II (MLEAIQ-II) to measure the incidence of symptomatology associated with PTSD, and the Revised Impact of Event Scale (RIES) to measure PTSD symptomatology as defined by intrusion and avoidance experiences. No statistically significant relationships were found between PTSD symptomatology and subject injury severity, length of hospital stay, or subject reported late negative effects from a traumatic injury. However, the level of PTSD symptomatology among the subjects was moderate to high.
46
Fagelson, Marc A. "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Affects Auditory Behavior of Tinnitus Patients." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1599.
47
Egbufoama, Jane. "Screening and Educating Military Veterans About Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5183.
Abstract:
Veterans are at increased risk for developing mental illnesses because of separation from families, distressing experiences in the military, and previous injury to the brain. Approximately 30% of U.S. veterans returning from war suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The incidence of acute PTSD is reduced when victims are aware of the condition and its associated factors. Through education and screening, the project bridged the gap between deployment of military veterans and treatment of PTSD in this population by addressing whether screening veterans and providing an educational process affected veterans' early PTSD recognition and treatment. The project study addressed the impact of staff education on identifying undiagnosed PTSD among veterans at the project site. The project was guided by the adult learning theory that was applied to fit the self-efficacy model. Data collection included screening of 99 veterans by clinic staff members using the PTSD checklist. Staff members also completed pretests and posttests before and after the education program. Results indicated that staff members demonstrated increased knowledge of the PTSD from pretest (50%) to posttest (93%). Of the veterans screened in the project, 30(30%) tested positive for PTSD and were referred to psychiatrists for treatment and medication to ameliorate the symptoms. Findings may be used to encourage implementation of PTSD screening and education in health care organizations ensuring positive social change by veterans suffering from PTSD and the care they need early in the progression of PTSD development.
48
Signorelli, Maria Salvina. "Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/999.
Abstract:
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Introduzione:L' Intimate Partner violence (IPV) è un problema di salute pubblica associata a numerose conseguenze psichiche a breve e alungo termine, più comunemente Disturbo post traumatico da stress e depressione.
Lo scopo del lavoro di ricerca è stato quello di valutare l'incidenza di depressione e PTSD in un campione di donne esposte a IPV e analizzare la correlazione tra le principali variabili sociodemografiche delle donne coinvolte e la tipologia di violenza subita.
Materiali e metodi: un campione di 31 donne esposte a IPV, arruolate in un centro antiviolenza sono state valutate tramite intervista clinica e assessment testologico (Davidson Trauma Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Conflict Tate Scale- 2).
Risultati: la depressione è presente nel 83, 87% del campione, mentre il PTSD nel 77.42% dei casi. uno stato sociale elevato correla con una più bassa prevalenza di coercizione sessuale (r = 0.45 p <0.05). Il numero dei figli è associato a maggiore violenza fisica (r = 0.43 p <0.05) e negativamente alla violenza psicologica (r =- 0.39 p <0.05). Esiste una positiva associazione tra violenza psicologica e depressiobe (r = 0.36 p <0.05). L'analisi dei nostri dati ha mostrato significative associazioni tra IPV e violenza subita in gravidanza e la violenza psicologica (p = 0.03) and fisica (p = 0.01) alla CTS-2.
Conclusioni: Intimate partner violence (IPV) incide significativamente sulla salute fisica e mentale delle donne e rappresenta un problema di salute pubblica.
49
Rothman, David J. "An Investigation of Neurological soft signs as a discriminating factor between Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, mild Traumatic Brain Injury, and co-occurring Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and mild Traumatic Brain Injury." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5915.
Abstract:
While multiple Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn veterans suffer from mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and co-morbid mTBI and PTSD, there remains difficulty disentangling the specific symptoms associated with each disorder using self-report and neurocognitive assessments. We propose that neurological soft signs (NSS), which are tasks associated with general neurologic compromise, may prove useful in this regard. Based on our review of the literature we hypothesized that individuals with PTSD would present with a greater number of NSS than controls or individuals with mTBI. Further, we hypothesized a synergistic effect, such that individuals with mTBI + PTSD would present with the greatest number of NSS. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed a subset of individuals (N=238) taken from a larger study of neurocognitive functioning in veterans. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological measures, which included the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale (BDS), the current study’s measure of NSS. A subset of other neuropsychological measures were also included to examine the utility of NSS over and above traditional neuropsychological measures. Individuals were removed from the study if they sustained a moderate/severe TBI or did not meet validity criteria on the Green’s Word Memory Test or the Negative Impression Management subscale of the Personality Assessment Inventory. Binomial logistic and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the ability of NSS to discriminate between the study groups, first by themselves and then after the variance explained by the traditional neuropsychological measures was accounted for. Exploratory cluster analyses were performed on neuropsychological measures and NSS to identify profiles of cognitive performance in the data set. Results indicated that individuals in the mTBI and/or PTSD group had more NSS compared to controls. Of the individual NSS items only a go/no-go task of the BDS discriminated between groups, with worse performance among individuals in the mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI + PTSD group compared to controls. In contrast, the overall BDS score and individual NSS, in general, did not discriminate between the mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI + PTSD group. Overall, the current study suggests that, when eliminating participants who do not meet validity criteria, NSS do not aid in discriminating between individuals with mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI + PTSD.
50
Walsh, Karen. "Gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder and anger in mentally disordered offenders." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604563.
Abstract:
Females are more than twice as likely to have a diagnosis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) making PTSD particularly relevant to female mentally disordered offenders (MDOs). Female offenders have been observed to report higher levels of trait anger and anger expression compared to males. Exploration of the relationship between anger and PTSD is in its infancy among MOOs. This study investigated gender differences in the levels of PTSD and anger and in the relationship between PTSD and anger in a sample of 66 MOOs using a cross sectional design. Participants completed self- report measures of posttraumatic symptomatology, trait anger, anger expression, depression, anxiety and social desirability. Results indicated that PTSD was particularly prevalent among female MOOs, which was independent of potential con founders, however none of the participants had received a formal diagnosis. A gender difference was found on the measure of trait anger in the univariate analysis but did not remain significant when controlling for confounding variables in the multivariate analysis. A gender difference was not found on measures of anger expression in the univariate and multivariate analysis. Consistent with previous research a positive relationship was found between PTSD symptomatology and trait anger, and this correlation remained significant for males and females separately. A positive relationship was found between PTSD symptomatology and anger expression, however this correlation remained significant for females only. However, a gender difference between the relationships of PTSD and trait anger and PTSD and anger expression was not found. The limitations and strengths of the study are outlined, and the clinical, theoretical and research implications of the findings discussed.