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Journal articles on the topic 'Post reform period'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

DR. J.P.SABANNAVAR, DR J. P. SABANNAVAR, and DR P. L. HARALE DR. P.L.HARALE. "Bank Finance to Indian Farmers in Post Reform Period." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2014/23.

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2

Sen Gupta, Granthana. "Stability in Indian Export Value of Coffee in Post Reform Period." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 3 (March 5, 2024): 1048–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24310190212.

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3

Pawar, Sneha Sharad. "Trajectory of Manufacturing Industry in India since Post Reform Period." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i8.3344.

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Manufacturing has been an engine of growth in India in the seventies and eighties. After the 1991 reforms the engine appears to be slowing. This paper attempts to examine the reality behind the increased productivity by applying methods that measure productivity per factor and returns to scale. The analysis reveals that manufacturing output growth in post reform period is ‘input-driven’ rather than efficiency driven. The growth in manufacturing sector is dependent on the investment climate. The structural reforms since 1990s have made some progress. Despite recent setbacks, it is universally acknowledged that the reforms process in India cannot be reversed and sooner or later these reforms will be implemented. However, the long term competitive ability of Indian firms would depend on production efficiency. Production efficiency, in turn, is dependent on ability to develop, import and adapt new technologies among other factors. Hence, for achieving the efficiency the theories have been critically examined from Indian scenario and some measures have suggested in this paper.

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4

Udodov, G. A., T. O. Chukaev, and E. N. Kozinnikova. "Artels in post-reform period in Russia." Закон и право, no. 6 (2023): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56539/20733313_2023_6_55.

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5

Dwivedi, Anubhuti, and Maroof Ahmad. "Productivity Change in Indian Manufacturing: A Comparison of Pre Reform and Post Reform Period." ANUSANDHAN – NDIM's Journal of Business and Management Research 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56411/anusandhan.2019.v1i2.46-51.

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The economic reforms were initiated in 1991 as part of the structural adjustment programme in India. It constituted of the three-pronged approach of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization to boost investment, production and productivity in the economy. This paper attempts to analyse the trend of, technical efficiency, technological change and TFP growth in the Indian manufacturing sector during 1981-82 to 2011-12. The period up to 1990-91 is considered as pre-reform while the subsequent period is regarded as post-reform. The data used in this study for calculating productivity and its various components have been sourced from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for the relevant years. The manufacturing sector is modelled as an industry producing a scalar output measured by the gross value added at constant prices by employing two-factor inputs namely labour and capital. Data Envelopment Analysis based Malmquist Index has been calculated to arrive at the estimates of technical efficiency, technological change and total factor productivity growth and a comparison has been made between pre-reform and post-reform period.

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6

Dr.P.Vikkraman, Dr P. Vikkraman, and N. Sumathi N.Sumathi. "An Analytical Study On Apparel Retail Marketing In India Post Reform Period." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2012/35.

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7

Amutha, R. "Priority Sector Lendings in the Post Reform Period." Adarsh Journal of Management Research 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2011): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21095/ajmr/2011/v4/i2/88297.

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8

Charvát, Jakub. "Temptation of the “Powerful”: The politics of electoral reform in Central Europe in post-transitional period." Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 16, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2016-0017.

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Abstract The paper explores and analyses processes of electoral reforms in selected Central European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia) in post-transitional period. The qualitative analysis focuses “only” on the enacted changes in electoral systems and its purpose is not to evaluate the impact and political consequences of individual changes but rather to concentrate, through a theoretically-informed detailed contextual analysis, on the electoral reform process itself. It is therefore concerned with contextual factors affecting, underlying, initiating and/or controlling these changes. The paper identifies political elites as the main actors of electoral reform processes in selected countries, and it tries to explain both motivations of political elites for changing status quo electoral systems and other circumstances of electoral reform processes in Central Europe as well. The analysis also suggests that processes of electoral reform in post-transitional period in Central Europe are characterized by a tendency to less proportional electoral system designs, with the only exception of the Slovak electoral reform of 1999 (due to specific political constellation), while it did not discover any clear tendency regarding personalization of electoral systems.

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9

Bentley, Sandra. "The Reformed Californian Workers' Compensation System: Outcomes for Injured Workers." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 5, no. 1 (1999): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200001198.

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In a period of legislative reform, New South Wales' workers compensation stakeholders can learn at least broad lessons by making comparisons with the experience of other countries in post reform review. This article considers the overall impact of the 1993 reforms on the Californian workers' compensation system, with focus on reforms and outcomes in the Vocational Rehabilitation sector. It was found post reform that the number of claims and paid benefits have decreased substantially, and total premiums paid and Vocational Rehabilitation expenditures are down dramatically. However, the changes are blamed for an increase in legal complexity, as return-to work outcomes and post-injury earnings for injured workers appear to have worsened. Additionally benefit levels remain a continuing concern.

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10

DR.S.GANDHIMATHI, DR S. GANDHIMATHI. "Crude Oil Import in Inida - A Comparative Study Between Pre and Post Reform Period." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/34.

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11

Druzin, Mikhail. "E.V. Bogdanovich: public figure of the post-reform period." Rossiiskaia istoriia, no. 1 (2020): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956870008275-3.

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12

Madan, Sonu, and Rajni Sharma. "Trade Competitiveness of Indian Wheat during Post-Reform Period." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.2.1442.

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The present study analyses trade competitiveness of wheat export of India for the time period 1991 to 2016 using Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC), temporal behaviour of NPC and Constant Market Share Analysis. The results revealed that Indian wheat has not been competitive in a regular manner under both exportable and importable hypothesis. Indian wheat has been found to be competitive under importable and exportable hypothesis during the period 1991-92 to 2000-01 & during 2011-12 to 2015-2016, but not competitive during 2001-02 to 2010-11. Constant Market Share Analysis suggests that export growth of wheat is attributed only to world trade effect or growth in the size of world trade and market distribution effect or concentration of Indian wheat exports in the market, which are relatively growing. So far as, export competitiveness of Indian wheat is concerned, the analysis reveals that there is competitive disadvantage in the wheat exports as compared to rest of world.

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13

Jooyoung Kwak and 왕려상. "The Business Education History During China’s Post-Reform Period." Review of Business History 33, no. 4 (November 2018): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22629/kabh.2018.33.4.003.

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14

Verma, Renu. "Indiaâ€™s External Debt during Post Reform Period." Journal of Global Economy 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2007): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v3i3.179.

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If the foreign aid or help is not used efficiently and managed effectively, if the receiving country does not put serious efforts in developing the domestic resources for its development, if the country becomes more and more dependent on foreign aid and loans continuously, it may be great cause of concern for the country. It may find itself in debt trap and face the debt servicing difficulties. In fact the external debt of the developing countries has been on rapid rise in absolute terms, thatâ€™s why the external debt of developing countries became the most talked about international problem. This paper throws light on certain important aspects of external debt of India and suggests the measures to for an effective external debt management policy.

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15

Ramappa, K. B., Jyoti Upadhyay, and Y. Nagaraju. "Growth of horticulture sector in Karnataka-post reform period." Indian Journal of Economics and Development 11, no. 3 (2015): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2322-0430.2015.00074.8.

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16

Radhakrishna, R. "Performance of Indian Economy in the Post-Reform Period." Indian Journal of Human Development 8, no. 1 (January 2014): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703020140101.

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17

SHERGILL, Baldev Singh. "National Innovation System of India: The Dynamics of Science and Technology Indicators and Empirical Considerations." Nile Journal of Business and Economics 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejbe.v1i1.43.

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<p>The present paper is an attempt to explore changing national innovation system of India in the context of conventional measure of national innovation system, science and technology indicators during pre-reform period, 1980-1992 and post reform period, 1993-2006 which reflects the policy change, liberalize license system and science and technology policy in 1991 while extensive economic reforms initiated. The paper undertakes a detailed sketch out of R&D activities across industries, laboratories and institutions. R&D expenditure growth rate in industrial sector, R&D intensity, R&D expenditure by major scientific agencies, growth rates of basic research, applied research, experimental research and other related S&T activities, growth rates of advertising expenditure, new plant and machinery in public and private sector, faculty-wise enrolment in higher education, estimated stock of science and technology personnel, patent filed by different states and patent granted in different fields, subject area-wise research papers, books and technical reports published in different fields from India and comparative trends in IPR granted in India analyzed in a comparative approach. R&D input indicators growth rate turned down in the post reform period as comparative to pre reform period. R&D output indicators boosted during post reform period as relative to pre reform period. It is argued that increase in patent filed and IPR granted over time is basically due to the introduction of IPR regime. </p>

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18

Dwivedi, Dr Umesh. "A Comparative Study of India’s Foreign Trade in Pre and Post Reform Period." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (December 30, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27825.

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Foreign trade has been playing a vital role in the economic progress and prosperity of every country. In modern days foreign trade has assumed an immense prominence and substance for economic development of a country because of interdependence of economies, increasing specialization and joining regional cooperation. In 1991, the major program of economic reform were introduced which emphasize on external sector wherein the protective tariffs were decreased, changes into foreign investment and the restrictive import licensing system was relaxed and simplified. After the New economic reforms, India’s foreign trade has undergone substantial changes, volume of trade rose up and composition of trade was also frequently changed. The main objective of the paper is to study the trends of India’s foreign trade pre and post new economic reforms in India. The entire data for the present study is collected from the secondary sources. The collected data has been analyzed by using Paired t-test from SPSS software package and graphs. The findings of this paper said that there is positive relationship between economic reforms and India’s foreign trade. A push has been given to the exports but analyzes says that the increasing rate of imports is higher in comparison to the increasing rate of exports.

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19

UPENDER, M. "DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT ELASTICITY OF EMPLOYMENT DURING POST-ECONOMIC REFORM PERIOD IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY." Singapore Economic Review 56, no. 02 (June 2011): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590811004249.

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This paper investigates the sign and size of the differential output elasticity of employment for different industries in the private and public organized sectors of the Indian economy during post-economic reform period. A logarithmic form of demand function for employment, derived from the constant elasticity of substitution production function is estimated. An interaction variable is introduced after having ensured that the employment function has a structural shift by Chow break test. The results based on the time series data from the period 1969–1970 to 2004–2005, show that the positive magnitude of elasticity of employment with respect to output in transport, storage and communications industry is relatively very high, as the differential output elasticity of employment is not only positive but also more than unity followed by wholesale and retail trade and financing, insurance and real estate industries in the private organized sector during the post-economic reform period. This reflects the fact that the labor absorption capacity in the industries of transport, storage and communications, wholesale and retail, financing, insurance and real estate is relatively high. The magnitude of output elasticity of employment in financing, insurance and real estate is relatively high during the post-economic reform period as the differential output elasticity of employment is relatively small as compared to output elasticity of employment during the pre-economic reform period. The labor absorption capacity in private sector during the post-reform period is found to be relatively high as compared to public sector as the differential employment elasticity during the post-reform period in private sector is low. Further the results for the organized sector as a whole illustrate that the output elasticity of employment during the post-reform period is negative on account of negative differential output elasticity of employment showing that the economic growth during the post-reform period is not labor intensive in the Indian economy. Therefore, there is a need to review the sectoral policies to generate additional employment opportunities in the organised sector of the Indian economy.

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20

GUPTA, SHIVANI. "A Comparative Study of Indian Economy in Pre and Post Reform period: An Econometric Analysis." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/february2014/17.

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21

Loganathan, V. "Trends of India’s Agricultural Import During the Pre-reform and Post-reform Periods." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 11, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v11i2.6067.

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Agriculture has been the largest sector of the Indian economy. It plays a vital role in providing food for the nation, raw materials to the industry providing employment. Past two and a half decades, India has implemented comprehensive trade policy reforms in the agriculture sector due to internal and external factors. This study has investigated patterns of India’s foreign trade in agriculture during pre-reform and reform periods. The effect of liberalization of India’s foreign trade has greatly influenced the structure of trade in goods and services. For this study, the agriculture communities have been classified into Food Crops and food items, Pulses, Oil and oilseeds, Commercial crops, Plantation crops, Animal products, and Oilseed cake meals. Data for this study have been collected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) official website (www.faostat.fao.org), from 1970 to 2013. In 1970, the highest value of percentage share is observed for the food and food crops import at 55.56 per cent followed by commercial crops at 29.15 per cent, animal products at 6.83 per cent, pulses at 5.73 per cent, and oilseeds and oil at 1.29 per cent. In 2017, the highest value of percentage share is observed for oilseeds and oil import at 40.45 per cent followed by commercial crops at 27.87 per cent, pulses at 14.03 and food crops and food items at 10.59 per cent. Overall, there is a significant increase is noted for the percentage share of oilseeds and oil in total agricultural imports in the study period. In the case of pulses, the percentage share of imports in total agricultural export has been increasing during the study period among the other major group of products. There is downward movement is observed for the import of food crops and food items during the study period.

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22

Reddy, S. M. "Investment Pattern of Life Insurance Industry during Post Reform Period." Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 5, no. 3 (2015): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7323.2015.00050.4.

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23

Sharma, Ravindra Kumar. "Industrial Development of India in Pre and Post Reform Period." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 10 (2014): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-191040107.

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24

Zarutsky, A. G. "Russian Judaizers (Subbotniks) in Orenburg province in Post-reform period." Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, no. 40 (2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2021.40.5.

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25

Shibaev, M., and A. Greshonkov. "Regress and dynamics of agriculture during the post-reform period." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 5 (December 4, 2014): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6986.

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26

Sahoo, Priyabrata, and Kirtti Ranjan Paltasingh. "Examining Growth–Inequality Nexus in Post-reform Odisha: A Sectoral Decomposition Analysis." Journal of Development Policy and Practice 4, no. 1 (January 2019): 12–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133318812988.

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This article examines the nexus between economic growth and inequality in Odisha at sectoral level for the post-reform period. Odisha has witnessed high economic growth in the post-reform period. With high growth rate, the sectoral composition of income has also registered a major change. However, the post-reform period too witnessed an increase in disparities in income among the sectors and increased inequality. So the question that normally arises here is whether the sector witnessing high growth remains the major contributor to income inequality in the state during the post-reform period? While seeking an answer to this question, we observed that the primary sector which is growing at a low rate caused a reduction in inequality. But, the tertiary sector which is the main driver of overall economic growth in Odisha in the post-reform period remains the major contributor to the rise in inequality. The study supports the hypothesis found at national level that a sector driving the overall economic growth also positively contributes to inequality.

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27

Syafingi, Habib Muhsin. "Legal Politics Deconcentration Study on Post-Reform Regional Development Planning." Varia Justicia 17, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/variajusticia.v17i2.5191.

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The principle of deconcentration is a necessity in the era of decentralization to ensure the establishment of Indonesian unitary state. The dynamics of drafting laws and regulations are actually an effort to find the most appropriate format in managing the relationship between the centre and the regions, in the sense of how to accommodate the centre's interests without stifling creativity and regional initiatives in planning development. This article tries to examine the dynamics of deconcentration in post-reform regional development planning. The period is divided into the 2004-2014 and 2014-2019 periods, each period marked by the issuance of a series of laws and regulations, each period reflecting a certain policy direction (legal politics) of deconcentration. This research is normative juridical research with a statutory approach in which the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The research results show that in the 2004-2014 period, deconcentration tends to be a complement and a formality to maintain a unitary state, while in the 2014-2019 period, deconcentration appears to be stronger in line with the authority of decentralization. The similarity in these two eras is that the implementation structure of deconcentration still overlaps with the structure of decentralization, thus allowing confusion and overlapping. The research results show that in the 2004-2014 period, deconcentration tends to be a complement and a formality to maintain a unitary state, while in the 2014-2019 period, deconcentration appears to be stronger in line with the authority of decentralization.

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28

Pereguda, Yevgen, and Valentina Zgurska. "LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM IN POLAND AS A LESSON FOR UKRAINE FOR THE POST-WAR PERIOD." Spatial development, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.2.204-215.

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The war has reduced the intensity of the discourse on decentralization reform in Ukraine, but recent events and statements suggest that this reform will continue, particularly in the political context. The purpose of the article is to analyze the local self-government reform in Poland in order to highlight those aspects that were not resolved in Ukraine at the time and will accordingly appear on the agenda in the post-war period. The analysis of decentralization in Poland shows that the reform is not limited to a change in the administrative and territorial structure, but is a complex process. In addition, it is a long-term process and involves the implementation of certain measures in other spheres of public administration, in particular with the aim of overcoming shortcomings that were inherent or were not taken into account during the administrative-territorial reform. First of all, this concerns the financial and budgetary sphere, the democratization of local government, the sphere of education, etc. Extracting the lessons of the Polish reform for Ukraine, it is possible to hypothesize that in the post-war period, during the resuscitation of the decentralization policy, the following areas of reform will be relevant: the financial and budgetary sphere, the introduction of a system of local taxes based on the principle of "one tax – one level of management"; the administrative-territorial system, namely the presence of state administration bodies at the district level and consolidation of the regional division of the country; political governance at the local, district, and regional levels, namely, the activation of civil society, the introduction of new democratic institutions, and the strengthening of transparency and accountability of local authorities; education etc. At the same time, the implementation of these and other directions is impossible without the creation of a political prerequisite – a "unified political headquarter" of the reform, namely the achievement of a consensus of the most influential political forces regarding the principles and directions of the reform. This also follows from the experience of decentralization in Poland.

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29

Kumar Roy, Prasanta, Sebak Kumar Jana, and Devkumar Nayek. "Components of Total Factor Productivity Growth of the 2-Digit Manufacturing Industries in Karnataka: A Stochastic Frontier Approach." Ushus Journal of Business Management 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.50.4.

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The study estimates the sources of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) of the 2-digit manufacturing industries in Karnataka during the period from 1981-82 to 2010-11, during the entire study period, during the pre & post reform period (1981-82 to 1990-91 and 1991-92 to 2010-11) and also during two different decades of the post-reform period, i.e., during 1991-92 to 2000-01 and 2001-02 to 2010-11 using stochastic frontier approach. Technological progress is found to be the major driving force of TFPG and the decline in TFPG of the state’s manufacturing industries during the post-reform period is mainly accounted for by the decline in technological progress (TP) of the same during that period.

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30

Asif, Mohammad, and Furqan Ali. "Does Regional Inequality increase Poverty?: After Post Reform Period in India." International Journal of Management Studies VI, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v6i4/11.

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31

Ikonnikov, Sergey A. "Provision of Housing for Parish Clergy in the Post-Reform Period." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 64, no. 3 (2019): 843–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2019.302.

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32

Burlutskaya (Bannikova), E. V. "Country rest in the Orenburg province during the post-reform period." Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, no. 34 (2020): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2020.34.8.

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33

Mazankova, T. V. "Stages of development of public catering in the post-reform period." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 85, no. 4 (2018): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2018-85-4-100-110.

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34

Gupta, Sunil Kumar, Pyare Lal, Vinod Negi, and Karan Gupta. "Poverty, inequality and inclusive growth during post-reform period in India." Indian Journal of Economics and Development 11, no. 2 (2015): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2322-0430.2015.00063.3.

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35

MALLICK, JAGANNATH. "REGIONAL CONVERGENCE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH DURING POST-REFORM PERIOD IN INDIA." Singapore Economic Review 59, no. 02 (June 2014): 1450012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759081450012x.

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This paper examines the club-convergence and conditional convergence of economic growth of the major 15 states in India over the periods from 1993–1994 to 2004–2005 by using dynamic fixed effect growth models. The result finds that there is club-convergence within the middle income states. There is also evidence of the convergence of per capita income among Indian states by conditioning private investment and public investment along with other factors of economic growth. This paper is innovative in separating the significance of private investment from the public investment in the long-run dynamics of income in Indian states. This paper suggests that regional disparity in income can be reduced by equitable allocation of private investment and equitable distribution of public investment.

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36

Rajesh, Raj. "Output Synchronization of the Indian Economy in the Post-reform Period." Foreign Trade Review 52, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732516650824.

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37

Kasyan, A. "Volost assemblies in Right-bank Ukraine during the post-reform period." Ukrainian Peasant, no. 19 (2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31651/2413-8142-2018-19-36-40.

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38

Sen Gupta, Granthana. "India's Import Values of Raw Cotton and Raw Jute in Post Reform Period: A Study of Stability." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 4 (April 5, 2024): 737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24406120819.

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39

McMahon, Joe, and Niamh Moloney. "III. Financial Market Regulation in the Post-Financial Services Action Plan Era." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 55, no. 4 (October 2006): 982–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei140.

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After a hectic period of law reform, which has also provoked major governance reforms in the form of significantly increased levels of transparency and market consultation and major institutional innovations (with allied accountability and governance risks), the 1999 Financial Services Action Plan (FSAP)1 has now been completed. It has radically transformed the regulatory landscape for financial services in the EC, and set a seal on the recharacterization of EC financial services law from a minimum harmonization-based market construction regime to a highly interventionist and increasingly sophisti-cated market regulation system. In particular, the coincidence of legislative reform under the FSAP with the development of a new institutional process for law-making, which has rapidly become embedded in the financial market architecture (the Lamfalussy process),2 produced a reform agenda of immense depth and range. The FSAP period has also seen the use and development of a wide range of regulatory tools in EC financial services policy in line with the growing sophistication of the regulatory regime. While disclosure has long been a key policy tool of EC financial services law, the FSAP saw a closer focus on conflict of interest management across the financial sector, on more interventionist controls such as transparency, suitability, and best execution requirements, and on calibrating regulation to different investor profiles and different market risks. This article considers a selection of key recent developments.

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40

Solanki, Sandip P. "Economic Reforms and Inter-Regional Disparities." Journal of Global Economy 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v4i4.108.

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The impact of Indiaâ€™s economic reforms on economic performance has been the subject of much academic study and public debate in India, but the focus has been largely on the performance of the economy as a whole or of individual sectors. The performance of individual states in the post-reforms period has not received comparable attention and yet there are very good reasons why such an analysis should be of special interest.Â The study focuses on the issue of inter-state disparities of the 14 major states in the post-reform period beginning from the 1991-92 to 1998-99 and further from 2000-01 to 2005-06.

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Dekhtiarenko, Yurii. "REGULATION OF LAND RELATIONS IN UKRAINE: MILITARY LAW AND THE POST-WAR PERIOD." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 18, no. 2 (2023): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2023/18-5/14.

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B a c k g r o u n d . Land reform in Ukraine has been going on for over 32 years. Due to both some systemic miscalculations and insufficient resources for its provision, most of the goals of land reform still remain unrealized. The introduction of market land relations has not become a guarantee of sustainable land use. There is an urgent need for urgent correction of land reform, justification of new innovative approaches to reforming land relations in the context of global trends. M e t h o d s . The problems of scientific and methodological principles of improving the processes of land management and regulation of land relations at different levels of government are revealed in the works of leading Ukrainian scientists. However, previous research has focused on some aspects of this problem. Insufficient attention was paid to the regulation of land relations in the context of decentralization of power, ensuring deregulation in the field of land relations. No research has been conducted on the regulation of land relations under martial law. The purpose (the objective) of this article: elucidation of the peculiarities of the regulation of land relations in the conditions of martial law and substantiation of the prospects for the regulation of land relations in Ukraine on the basis of decentralization and deregulation in the post-war period. R e s u l t s . The system of factors that caused the need to introduce a simplified procedure for access to land for agricultural production during martial law was determined. Key legislative novelties regarding food security, peculiarities of land relations regulation under martial law are analyzed. The peculiarities of the introduced "land reform package" in the context of decentralization and deregulation in the field of land relations are studied. The reform initiatives introduced by the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Improvement of the System of Management and Deregulation in the Field of Land Relations" were analyzed, which due to its scale (affecting 4 codes and 22 laws of Ukraine) and the importance of the changes (29 reform initiatives) received the name "Land Constitution". C o n c l u s i o n s . The system of factors that necessitated the introduction of a simplified procedure for access to land for agricultural production during the martial law has been identified. The key legislative novelties concerning food security, features of regulation of land relations in the conditions of martial law are analyzed. A thorough analysis showed that in a relatively short period of time the necessary legal framework was created to complete land reform in Ukraine, identified scientifically sound prospects for streamlining land relations in Ukraine on the basis of decentralization and deregulation. Prospects for further research in this direction are associated with the need for scientific substantiation of the system of mechanisms, tools and methods of forming a multi-level system of land resource management in the context of ensuring decentralization and deregulation in the field of land relations, which should represent an integrated set of interconnected elements that retain their individual importance and have a target orientation in accordance with the concept of ustainable development of territories.

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Zadkov, A. "FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION IN THE YEARS OF REFORMS AND THE POST-REFORM PERIOD." AIC: economics, management, no. 8 (2018): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33305/188-36.

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Sun, Lan, and Omar Al Farooque. "An exploratory analysis of earnings management practices in Australia and New Zealand." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 26, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 81–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-09-2016-0087.

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PurposeThis study aims to explore corporate earnings management practices in Australia and New Zealand before and after the regulatory changes and corporate governance reforms. The study argues that the effectiveness of regulatory reforms has to be reflected in constraining earnings management in post-reform period as compared to pre-reform period.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 3,966 firm-year observations, including all ASX and NZX listed firms for the period 2001-2006, the study examines earnings management practices in both countries in pre- and post-reform periods with appropriate statistical methods.FindingsThe results indicate some interesting phenomenon: the magnitude of earnings management did not decline after the governance reform as a positive time trend is observed in the entire sample as well as in Australian and New Zealand sub-samples, suggesting that earnings management has been growing over time. Additional test indicates no structural change has occurred before and after the new regulations. The shifting from decreasing earnings management to increasing earnings management can be interpreted as an evidence that earnings become more ‘informative’ in a more transparent disclosure regime to capture short-run benefits from regulator reforms.Research limitations/implicationsThe shifting of earnings management behaviour from decreasing to increasing income can be interpreted as the outcome of more “informative”, rather than “deliberate”, earnings management in a more transparent disclosure regime to capture short-run benefits of regulatory reforms, which is worth further investigation. The findings of the study can lead regulatory authorities taking appropriate measures to promote earnings quality in corporate financial reporting from a long-run decision usefulness context. Any future reforms should be directed to protecting the interest of stakeholders as well as ensuring benefits outweighing costs for them.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study can lead regulatory authorities in taking appropriate measures to promote earnings quality in corporate financial reporting from a long-run decision usefulness context.Originality/valueThe study adds value to the existing earnings management literature as well as effectiveness of regulations for the benefit of wider stakeholder groups.

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Arandarenko, Mihail, and Dusan Pavlovic. "Egalitarianism and redistributive reform in Serbia after 2000." Ekonomski anali 68, no. 237 (2023): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2337007p.

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We investigate post-communist redistributive policies in Serbia, focusing particularly on the period after 2000. Our main argument is that market fundamentalism, which posits that the market is the most efficient solution for the postcommunist transition, has failed to deliver on its promises. The expectation was that, after a temporary transitional sacrifice, the worse-off would benefit equally with the better-off by reaping the rewards of market economic reforms. The anticipated faster growth was supposed to generate more quality jobs as the most effective means to alleviate poverty. Unfortunately, growth has been sluggish, while inequalities in Serbia have experienced rapid and persistent growth since 2000. We look into redistributive reform measures to understand the reasons behind this outcome. Our approach combines applied political philosophy with economic policy analysis - a unique intersection of two social science disciplines. Firstly, our research explores the implicit and explicit normative foundations of postcommunist economic reforms. Secondly, we identify and analyse a pivotal juncture of policy reform in the early 2000s. During this period, the newly-adopted neoliberal taxation and social policies were combined with class- and ethnic-based discriminatory approaches inherited from the pre-1990s socialist era and the post-socialist 1990s, respectively. This combination resulted in distinct, notably pro-rich redistributive patterns in Serbia.

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Archibong, Belinda, Brahima Coulibaly, and Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala. "Washington Consensus Reforms and Lessons for Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Economic Perspectives 35, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.3.133.

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Over three decades after market-oriented structural reforms termed “Washington Consensus” policies were first implemented, we revisit the evidence on policy adoption and the effects of these policies on socio-economic performance in sub-Saharan African countries. We focus on three key ubiquitous reform policies around privatization, fiscal discipline, and trade openness and document significant improvements in economic performance for reformers over the past two decades. Following initial declines in per capita economic growth over the 1980s and 1990s, reform adopters experienced notable increases in per capita real GDP growth in the post-2000 period. We complement aggregate analysis with four country case studies that highlight important lessons for effective reform. Notably, the ability to implement pro-poor policies alongside market-oriented reforms played a central role in successful policy performance.

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Princhi Tamuli, Dr. Asfika Begum, and Dr. Dip Jyoti Gogoi. "Understanding Sectoral Shifts In Labour Market And Wage Inequality In India: With Special Reference To Economic Reforms." Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture 32 (November 3, 2022): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/jns.v32i.3091.

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The inception of economic reforms in 1991 was the starting point towards integrating the Indian economy with the global economy. India opens its eyes to the reality and realizes the vast potential of a market economy. Economic reform leads to gradual integration of economies through free movement of goods, services and capital. The idea that economic reform can create "losers" as well as "winners" has, after an initial resistance, begun to attract the attention of economic researchers and of policy makers at both the national and multilateral levels. This paper aims to explore two key aspects of the impact of economic reform on the labor market i.e. shift in labor market and wage inequality. The period of study is 1971-2021. Indian occupational structure was changed in the post reform period. The study finds that after economic reforms the share of employment in agriculture sector decline. The paper observed an increasing trend of employment in industrial sector especially in construction sector. Again employment in service sector also shows a rising trend. Wage disparities between skilled and unskilled labor have increased as a result of economic restructuring.

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Samal, Asharani. "An Empirical Analysis of Asymmetry and Threshold Effect of Intergovernmental Grants in India: A Panel Data Analysis." Global Business Review 21, no. 2 (March 22, 2018): 458–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918761083.

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The present study empirically examines the effect of intergovernmental grants on the expenditure of state government in India. Using a panel data set during 1980–1981 to 2009–2010, the flypaper effect was found in the case of total and revenue expenditure and also an evidence of an asymmetric effect to change (increase or decrease) in grant variable for entire sample period. Again, to understand the flypaper and asymmetry effect in the pre- and post-reform period, this study uses the data from 1980–1981 to 1989–1990 as a pre-reform period and 1991–1992 to 2009–2010 as a post-reform period. The results of the panel regression model and two-stage least squares (2SLS) method show that there is an absence of flypaper effect except capital expenditure in the pre-reform period, whereas there exists an evidence of flypaper effect except capital expenditure in the post-reform period. Similarly, the responses of all the expenditure accounts are found to be asymmetric except capital expenditure. Further, in order to find the non-linear effect, this study employs Hansen (1999) threshold regression model to measure the threshold effect of intergovernmental grants on total expenditure of state government. The threshold regression results indicate that lower-income state grants have a stronger flypaper effect than middle- and higher-income states.

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Volkov, A. F. "Pension policy of Russia in the post-Soviet period: historical aspect." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 99, no. 2 (2022): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2022-99-2-113-125.

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The article discusses development of the Russia's pension policy during the historical period of the country's transition to market economic relations. The purpose of the study: analysis of experience in the development of the pension policy of the Russian Federation in the late XX - early XXI centuries. The article presents a description of the main stages of the pension policy. Regional features of the Far-Eastern problem of pension reform at the beginning of the XXI century are shown.Description of the history of formation of the Russia's post-Soviet pension policy in dynamics and in relation to the all-Russian processes that have taken place in the country since the first attempts to modernize the mandatory pension system of the RSFSR at the end of the 20th century and their subsequent reform at the beginning of the 21st century, as well as with the next stages of modernization and development of the pension system of the Russian Federation in the first decades of the 21st century, is presented. The author concluded about the unreliability of market insurance pension systems based on funded principles and the need to continue finding the optimal model of the state pension policy in the new realities of the political and socio-economic development of the global society.

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Roy, Prasanta Kumar. "Components of Productivity Growth of the Manufacturing Industries of Petroleum and Coal Products in India: An Interstate Analysis." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 9, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2020.9.2.1639.

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The study applies stochastic frontier approach to estimate and decompose the sources of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) of the 2-digit manufacturing industries of petroleum and coal products in fifteen major industrialized states in India as well as in All-India during the period from 1981-82 to 2010-11, during the entire period, during the pre-reform period (1981-82 to 1990-91) and post-reform period (1991-92 to 2010-11), and also during two different decades of the post-reform period, i.e., during 1991-92 to 2000-01 and 2001-02 to 2010-11. The components of TFPG are: technological progress (TP), technical efficiency change (TEC), economic scale change (SC) and allocation efficiency change (AEC). According to the estimated results, technological progress (TP) is the major contributing factor to TFPG of the organized manufacturing industries of petroleum and coal products in India and in its fifteen major industrializes states during 1981-82 to 2010-11. Further, TFPG of the 2-digit manufacturing industries of petroleum and coal products in India and in its fifteen major industrialized states declined during the post-reform period and the decline in TFPG of these 2-digit industries during that period is mainly accounted for by the decline in TP of the same during that period. However, allocation efficiency change (AEC) and economic scale change (SC) of them remain very negligible or even negative too in many states under study. Further, TEC of them remain unchanged or it is time invariant in nature as statistical tests suggest. So that increase in the combined effect of AEC and SC of them could not offset the decrease in their TP during that period. As a result TFPG of the 2-digit manufacturing industries of petroleum and coal products declined in India and its fifteen major industrialized states during the post-reform period.

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Indu Bala and Dhiraj Sharma. "Inflationary Trends in India: A Pre and Post Reform Study." Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies 9, no. 2 (October 24, 2018): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jtmge.2018.92002.

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The present paper attempts to explore the nature, trends and patterns of inflation in India during 1980-2016. The selected time period has been trifurcated purposively into three-time spans namely, pre-reform period (1980-90), after reform period (1991-2000) and subsequent period (2001-16). The endeavour of the paper is to examine the dynamics of inflation over the three-time spans from 1980-2016 in the Indian economy. It has been found that the inflation, based on WPI and CPI, is continuously rising since 1980. Up to 1995, the trend in CPI and WPI were same and there was no significant difference between them. However, after 1995, CPI has recorded larger growth as compared to WPI. Such trend has also continued in the subsequent period. The study reveals that this trend may be attributed to change in the composition of WPI and CPI since weights of primary articles have declined in WPI whereas such weights have registered a considerable increase in the categories of manufacturing, fuel and power. The shift in weights overtime provides us with an indicator of the changing production and use pattern of the commodities in the Indian set up. Further, the weights of food items have reduced overtime in case of CPI and such weights have been increased in respect of clothing, housing and fuel. The changes witnessed in weights of CPI are indicators of a growing economy. This study further contributes in the available literature by comparing the patterns of Inflation in Pre and Post-reform Period.

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