Journal articles: 'Post-processing treatment'

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Tanko, Hakibu, Danielle Julie Carrier, Lijun Duan, and Ed Clausen. "Pre- and post-harvest processing of medicinal plants." Plant Genetic Resources 3, no. 2 (August 2005): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200569.

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Herbal medicine is used worldwide either as a sole treatment method or as part of a comprehensive treatment plan alongside orthodox methods of diagnosis and treatment. A survey reported that, in the USA, nearly one-sixth of women took at least one herbal product in 2000. Despite their widespread use, numerous reports show that the herbal products available to consumers are of variable quality. This disparity in quality of herbal preparations can be attributed to the fact that their production is complicated. To produce high-quality herbal products, attention must be paid to, among others, phytochemical variations due to plant breed, organ specificity, stages of growth, cultivation parameters, contamination by microbial and chemical agents, substitution, adulteration with synthetic drugs, heavy metal contamination, storage and extraction. This review focuses on organ specificity, seasonal variations, the effect of drying and storage, and the extraction of phytochemical constituents. Special emphasis is placed on the four most frequently used herbal products in the USA: echinacea, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng and St John's Wort.

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Sedova, M. V., A. L. Dyachkov, T. A. Furmanova, and N. S. Perov. "Post-processing and processing treatment and their effect on structure and properties of Finemet films." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 287, no. 1-3 (July 2001): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(01)00561-0.

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Vuong, Quan-Hoang, Tam-Tri Le, Viet-Phuong La, and Minh-Hoang Nguyen. "The psychological mechanism of internet information processing for post-treatment evaluation." Heliyon 8, no. 5 (May 2022): e09351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09351.

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Roudnicka, Michaela, and Dalibor Vojtech. "Fractography of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy: Influence of Post-Processing Treatment." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.187.

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Additively manufactured metals have their specifics which influence their performance. Based on fractography, these specifics are depicted in this paper on the example of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). While very fine microstructure contributes to high strength during static loading, dynamic loading is impaired by rough as-built surface and internal defects. With post-processing treatment, these undesirable features can be removed or significantly reduced. To densify the material, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) closing internal voids is commonly used. Rough surface can be removed by machining or other operations, including chemical treatment. The influence of HIP and machining on fatigue failure are in the focus of this paper.

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Vepsäläinen, Mikko, David S. Macedo, Huan Gong, Marta Rubio-Martinez, Bita Bayatsarmadi, and Brandon He. "Electrosynthesis of HKUST-1 with Flow-Reactor Post-Processing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083340.

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Electrochemical synthesis has been proposed as an efficient method for cost-effective and large-scale production of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This work investigates the combined electrochemical synthesis with flow synthesis post-treatment for the production of high surface area HKUST-1. The electrochemical synthesis process used in the experimental work did not require additional electrolytes or washing of the synthesis product. Batch electrosynthesis and electrosynthesis with flow synthesis were compared for the quality of the product using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (EIS). Batch electrosynthesis in 0.01 M benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) solution produced HKUST-1 with BET surface area of 1550 m2/g which was increased further to 1716 m2/g with post-flow-synthesis treatment. The greatest change in surface area after flow processing was observed when using 0.78 M H3BTC, with corresponding surface areas of 481 m2/g and 1531 m2/g. According to SEM and BET results, the product purity improved during the post-flow-synthesis treatment. The proposed method enables continuous flow synthesis of high-quality MOFs with minimal purification steps.

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Mayville, Pierce J., Aliaksei L. Petsiuk, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Thermal Post-Processing of 3D Printed Polypropylene Parts for Vacuum Systems." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 5 (September 8, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6050098.

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Access to vacuum systems is limited because of economic costs. A rapidly growing approach to reduce the costs of scientific equipment is to combine open-source hardware methods with digital distributed manufacturing with 3D printers. Although high-end 3D printers can manufacture vacuum components, again, the cost of access to tooling is economically prohibitive. Low-cost material extrusion 3D printing with plastic overcomes the cost issue, but two problems arise when attempting to use plastic in or as part of vacuum systems: the outgassing of polymers and their sealing. To overcome these challenges, this study explores the potential of using post-processing heat treatments to seal 3D printed polypropylene for use in vacuum environments. The effect of infill overlap and heat treatment with a readily available heat gun on 3D printed PP parts was investigated in detail on ISO-standardized KF vacuum fitting parts and with the use of computer vision-based monitoring of vacuum pump down velocities. The results showed that infill overlap and heat treatment both had a large impact on the vacuum pressures obtainable with 3D printed parts. Heat treatment combined with 98% infill reliably sealed parts for use in vacuum systems, which makes the use of low-cost desktop 3D printers viable for manufacturing vacuum components for open scientific hardware.

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Prashar, Gaurav, Hitesh Vasudev, and Lalit Thakur. "Influence of heat treatment on surface properties of HVOF deposited WC and Ni-based powder coatings: a review." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 043002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac3a52.

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Abstract Post-spray treatments have recently been popular as a means of improving the overall quality of thermally sprayed coatings, particularly those done using the HVOF technique. Thermally assisted surface treatment of deposited coatings is an effective way to improve the characteristics of coated components for specific applications. The tribomechanical properties of post-treated WC and Ni-based coatings deposited with high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique have been addressed. The structure-property correlations concerning the as-sprayed and post-treated coatings have been considered to understand the various mechanisms responsible for improved performance in terms of wear and corrosion resistance. The recent advancement in the post-treatments such as post-processing using microwave hybrid heating, laser-assisted processing and Stationary friction processing have been incorporated in the current review. Comparative studies have been presented to understand the structure-property relationship and performance of WC and Ni-based HVOF sprayed coatings with the help of various characterization techniques in this review article.

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Atabay, Sila Ece, Priti Wanjara, Fabrice Bernier, Sheida Sarafan, Javad Gholipour, Josh Soost, Robert Amos, Prakash Patnaik, and Mathieu Brochu. "In Envelope Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing and Thermal Post-Processing of Inconel 718." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010001.

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This study investigated the application of an in envelope additive/subtractive (LPBF) manufacturing method (Matsuura LUMEX-Avance-25) to fabricate IN718 benchmarking coupons. The coupons were then examined comprehensively for surface finish both with and without high-speed micro-machining. The microstructure of the manufactured IN718 coupons was investigated thoroughly in the as-fabricated condition and following three different standard and one non-standard post-processing heat treatments. As built coupons revealed columnar grain morphology mainly along the <100> direction with a cellular dendritic sub-grain structure and without any strengthening precipitates. Grain size, aspect ratio, and texture were maintained after each of the applied four heat treatments. Only one of the standard heat treatments resulted in the δ phase formation. The other three heat treatments effectively dissolved the Laves phase preventing the δ formation while promoting the formation of γ′/γ″ precipitates. Despite the observed differences in their microstructures, all of the heat treatments resulted in similar yield and ultimate tensile strength values that ranged between 1103–1205 MPa and 1347–1387 MPa, respectively. These values are above the minimum requirements of 1034 MPa and 1241 MPa for the wrought material. The non-standard heat treatment provided the highest elongation of 24.0 ± 0.1% amongst all the heat-treated specimens without a significant loss in strength, while the standard heat treatment for the wrought parts resulted in the lowest elongation of 18.3 ± 0.7% due to the presence of δ phase.

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Tiwary, Vivek Kumar, Arunkumar P., Anand S. Deshpande, and Nikhil Rangaswamy. "Surface enhancement of FDM patterns to be used in rapid investment casting for making medical implants." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 904–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2018-0176.

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Purpose Due to intrinsic limitations, fused deposition modelling (FDM) products suffer from the bad surface finish and inaccurate dimensional accuracies restricting its usage in many applications. Hence, there is a need for processing polymer patterns before, during and after their productions. This paper aims to highlight the importance of pre- and post-processing treatments on the FDM-based acrylonitrile butadiene styrene patterns improving its surface quality so, that it can be used in rapid investment casting process for making medical implants and other high precision components. Design/methodology/approach As a part of pre-processing treatment, the machine parameters affecting the surface quality were identified and optimised using design of experiments. The patterns developed after the first stage of optimisation were given different post-processing treatments, which included vapour smoothening, chemical treatment and sand paper polishing. The results were compared and the best ones were used for making patterns for making medical implants via rapid investment casting technique. The surface quality was checked while the dimensional changes happening during the stages of this hybrid technique were recorded using a three-dimensional optical scanner. Findings The surface roughness of the FDM based ABS patterns reduced from 21.63 to 14.40 µm with pre-processing treatments. Chemical treatment (post-processing treatment) turned to be the most suitable technique for reducing the surface roughness further down to 0.30 µm. Medical implants that used these pre- and post-processing treatments gave an average surface roughness of 0.68 µm. Cost and lead time comparisons showed that rapid investment casting technique can be a better method for low volume, customised and with specific requirements. Originality/value FDM parts/medical implants produced by rapid investment casting technique suffer from the inferior surface finish and inaccurate dimensional accuracies limiting its applications. A systematic approach to overcome this issue is presented in this research paper. This will directly help the end users and the manufacturers of medical implants, wherein, better surface finish and dimensionally accurate components are expected.

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Lin, Lan, Chengyu Shi, Yaxi Liu, Gregory Swanson, and Nikos Papanikolaou. "Development of a Novel Post-processing Treatment Planning Platform for 4D Radiotherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 7, no. 2 (April 2008): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460800700205.

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Primus, Tomáš, Pavel Zeman, Jan Brajer, Pavel Kožmín, and Šimon Syrovátka. "An Experimental Investigation of Controlled Changes in Wettability of Laser-Treated Surfaces after Various Post Treatment Methods." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092228.

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In this paper, a quick nanosecond laser micro structuring process was employed to change the surface wettability of Ti6Al4V alloy. The same laser structuring method was used throughout, but with varying input fluence. The laser processing parameters resulted in high surface melting. After laser treatment, four post-processing methods were used, namely high vacuum, low temperature annealing, storage in a polyethylene bag, and storage in ambient air. Subsequently, the water droplet contact angle was measured over a long time period of 55 days. The results show that the sample stored in ambient air remained hydrophilic. On the other hand, the sample post-processed in a vacuum chamber behaved hydrophobically with a contact angle of approximately 150°. Other post-processing did not lead to specific wettability behavior. After wettability testing, all samples were cleaned ultrasonically in distilled water. This cleaning process led to annulation of all obtained properties through post-processing. In summary, this paper shows that it is more important to study surface chemistry than topography in terms of effects on wettability. Moreover, surface wettability can be controlled by laser structuring, post-processing, and surface cleaning.

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Su, Jun, Xiao Jing Li, and Pei Xin Qu. "Relationship of Post Treatment Temperature and Tensile Strength for Selective Laser Sintering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.872.

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Though SLS technology have got well development, the strength of the sintering prototype parts still need a lot of research. The lower strength of prototype parts mightl seriously affect the quality. The past research result shows that intensity of coated sand specimens of SLS sintering method is lower and cannot be used for metal casting, the sintered parts must be post-processed. In this study, author used the coated sand casting as the material of selective laser sintering experiment, studied the processing temperature and time on the mechanical properties of post-processing, and the influence on gas-forming property and collapsibility of the pieces. And combined with casting experimental to analyze the accuracy influence factors of precoated sand sintering parts and other performance assessment. Through the above analysis, we concluded that the influence law the post-processing of temperature on tensile strength of coated sand specimens under three different insulation temperature conditions.

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Sluis, Rachel A., Mark J. Boschen, David L. Neumann, and Karen Murphy. "Repetitive Negative Thinking in Social Anxiety Disorder 2: Post-Event Processing." Psychopathology Review a4, no. 3 (September 25, 2016): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5127/pr.045616.

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Cognitive models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) emphasize post-event processing as a prominent maintaining factor that occurs after social-evaluative events. Post-event processing involves repetitive negative thinking revolved around perceived social failure. The present review concentrates on the relevant and available empirical literature on post-event processing in social anxiety which centres on Clarke and Wells (1995) theoretical framework. Correlational and experimental studies have investigated the relationship between post-event processing and the behavioural, physiological, cognitive and affective outcomes for socially anxious individuals. The majority of study designs include those investigating post-event processing in response to social-evaluative threat, and in response to treatment. Limitations of the existing literature are discussed and suggestions for future research examining the underlying cognitive functions of post-event processing are proposed.

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Sun, Kang, Yuan Xin Ge, Zhong Hui Li, and Xiao Lin Zhang. "Post-Processing of Chitosan Based Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.652.

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Recently, electrospinning of nanofibers based on chitosan has been widely studied and numerous chitosan based nanofibers have been prepared, for the enormous possibilities of applications in various areas such as filtration, enzyme immobilization, tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery, and catalysis. Because most of the chitosan based nanofibers are soluble in aqueous solutions and the other properties such as mechanical properties are not suitable for the further applications. It is necessary to improve the properties of chitosan based nanofibers. Various post-processing has been done to the chitosan based nanofibers and many post-processing products have emerged. This article discusses the post-processing of the chitosan based nanofibers involving methods, mechanisms, changes of nanofiber properties, and applications of the post-processing products in details. The post-processing is divided into alkali treatment, crosslinking, and functionalizing.

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Tong, Huai Feng. "Two-Stage Optimal Design of Small Pile Composite Foundation Based on Consolidation Degree and Bearing Capacity Control." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.199.

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The optimal design theory of the post-processing technology of thick filling area is based on the characteristics of small non-sand concrete pile, to research the production and development process of stress and strain of foundation soil in the course of drilling and grouting, and thus to optimize the key technical parameters of the post-processing technology. In this paper, on the basis of the analysis of consolidation process and treatment mechanism of the post-processing under the conditions of saturated soft soil, the research of optimal design of the post-processing technology on the control of consolidation degree and bearing capacity is completed, which is of reference for the design and construction of the post-processing technology.

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Tong, Huai Feng, and Bing Xie. "Optimal Design of Post-Processing Technology Based on Bearing Capacity Control." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1731.

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The optimal design theory of the post-processing technology of thick filling area is based on the characteristics of small non-sand concrete pile, to research the production and development process of stress and strain of foundation soil in the course of drilling and grouting, and thus to optimize the key technical parameters of the post-processing technology. In this paper, on the basis of the analysis of consolidation process and treatment mechanism of the post-processing under the conditions of saturated soft soil, the research of optimal design of the post-processing technology on the control of consolidation degree and bearing capacity is completed, which is of reference for the design and construction of the post-processing technology.

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Wołczyński, W., J. Karwan-Baczewska, K. Najman, and A. W. Bydałek. "Reagents Activity in a Copper Droplets / Post-Processing Slag Suspension." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0068.

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Abstract The suspension of the copper droplets in the post-processing slag taken directly from the KGHM-Polska Miedź S.A. Factory (from the direct-to-blister technology as performed in the flash furnace) was subjected to the special treatment with the use of the one of the typical industrial reagent and with the complex reagent newly patented by the authors. This treatment was performed in the BOLMET S.A. Company in the semi-industrial conditions. The result of the CaCO3, and Na2CO3 chemicals influence on the coagulation and subsequent sedimentation of copper droplets on the crucible bottom were subjected to comparison with the sedimentation forced by the mentioned complex reagent. The industrial chemicals promoted the agglomeration of copper droplets but the coagulation was arrested / blocked by the formation of the lead envelope. Therefore, buoyancy force forced the motion of the partially coagulated copper droplets towards the liquid slag surface rather than sedimentation on the crucible bottom. On the other hand, the complex reagent was able to influence the mechanical equilibrium between copper droplets and some particles of the liquid slag as well as improve the slag viscosity. Finally, the copper droplets coagulated successfully and generally, were subjected to a settlement on the crucible bottom as desired / requested.

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Savinykh, P. A., Yu V. Sychugov, and V. A. Kazakov. "FRACTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND TOOLS FOR POST-HARVEST GRAIN TREATMENT AND PROCESSING WITH CRUSHING." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 12, no. 4 (September 27, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-4-16-21.

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The use of fractional technologies for post-harvest treatment and processing of grain heap delivered from field with further special purpose use of grain fractions leads to a significant increase in grain production efficiency. (Research purpose) Developing a fractional technology for post-harvest treatment and processing of grain with crushing and preservation of feed grain fraction and designing a technological line and machines for it. (Materials and methods) The authors have analyzed the technological level and developed a fractional technology for grain post-harvest treatment and processing by crushing with subsequent preservation of the feed grain fraction. They have offered a technological line and presented the design and technological parameters of the corresponding technical means (МЗУ-20Д - grain cleaning universal machine, МПО-30ДФ - preliminary grain cleaning machine with fractionation, ПЗД-3,1, ПЗД-10 – two-stage grain crusher). (Results and discussion) The authors have designed, manufactured and tested a universal grain-cleaning machine МЗУ-20Д. It efficiently cleans grain material coming from the field after its threshing by combine harvesters, and divides it into fractions: seed and feed grain – 60-70 percent, waste material - up to 10 percent, grain fodder - up to 40 percent. Further on, the grain is sent for crushing (for wet grain), followed by preservation and hermetic storage of the products obtained before their feeding to animals. Tests have shown that the developed feed preparation machine efficiently performs the technological process. The authors have developed a two-stage grain crusher (ПЗД-3,1), performing the crushing of grain material in two stages by three rollers, followed by preservation (for wet grain) of the feed grain fraction. (Conclusions) It has been established that the use of the new fractional technology and equipment contributes to an increase in grain cleaning productivity – by 30-40 percent, and the estimated annual economic effect of the renovation is 400,000 rubles. The estimated annual economic effect of the use of the two-stage grain crusher (ПЗД-3,1) has proved to be more than 60 thousand rubles, and the level of production intensification has increased by 26 percent as compared to the MURSKA crusher produced in Finland.

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Castro-Sastre, María Ángeles, Ana Isabel Fernández-Abia, Janik Piep, Pablo Rodríguez-González, and Joaquín Barreiro. "Towards Functional Parts by Binder Jetting Calcium-Sulphate with Thermal Treatment Post-Processing." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 3818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173818.

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The objective of our research is to improve the properties of calcium-sulphate hemihydrate parts printed by binder jetting. In this paper, we show the thermal treatment results when using temperature time ramps on binder-jetted ceramic parts without infiltrating. The results show that the mechanical properties of printed parts are improved substantially. Two different thermal cycles were investigated for their effect on the dehydration process of CaSO4·½H2O using infrared analysis. The thermal-treated samples were compared with respect to porosity, surface roughness, compression strength and dimensional and weight variation. The proposed thermal treatment significantly improves the compression strength in a short time, guaranteeing dimensional stability while providing a good surface. This improvement in mechanical properties offers a great chance for using binder-jetted parts as functional components, for example, in the casting field or the medical sector (scaffolds).

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Toulfatzis, A. I., G. A. Pantazopoulos, and A. S. Paipetis. "Microstructure and properties of lead-free brasses using post-processing heat treatment cycles." Materials Science and Technology 32, no. 17 (August 30, 2016): 1771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2016.1221493.

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Jiao, Yu, Guang Chao Wang, Feng Rong Li, and Shu Hong Xie. "Efficiency Enhancement of ZnO Nanocrystalline Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Post-Treatment." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.901.

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In this paper, ZnO nanocrystalline photoanodes were treated by zinc acetate aqueous solution. The effect of surface chemical modification processing on the photovoltaic performance and electrochemical properties of ZnO nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were studied systematically. The SEM results revealed that the surface of the ZnO photoanode films were rough and some aggregations were formed after the surface chemical modification processing. The number of aggregations increased with increasing processing time, and showed wide grain size distribution simultaneously, which effectively increased the light scattering and decreased the grain boundaries to suppress the electron recombination. Moreover, the surface of these photoanode films were filled with micropores, which was benefit to the infiltration of electrolyte solution. The short circuit current density increased from 7.20 mA•cm-2 to 8.61 mA • cm-2 when post-treatment 20 min, and the maximum energy conversion efficiency reached 3.61%, which enhanced 43% compared with that without post-treatment.

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Snopiński, Przemysław, Augustine Nana Sekyi Appiah, Ondrej Hilšer, and Michal Kotoul. "Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SLM-Fabricated AlSi10Mg Alloy Post-Processed Using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 7940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227940.

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With the aim of improving the excellent mechanical properties of the SLM-produced AlSi10Mg alloy, this research focuses on post-processing using ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing). In our article, two different post-processing strategies were investigated: (1) low-temperature annealing (LTA) and subsequent ECAP processing at 150 °C; (2) no heat treatment and subsequent ECAP processing at 350 °C, 400 °C and 450 °C. The microstructure and mechanical properties of this alloy were analyzed at each stage of post-treatment. Metallographic observations, combined with SEM and EBSD studies, showed that the alloys produced by SLM have a unique cellular microstructure consisting of Si networks surrounding the Al-based matrix phase. Low-temperature annealing (LTA), followed by ECAP treatment, facilitated the microstructural evolution of the alloy with partial breakup of the Si network and observed nucleation of β-Si precipitates throughout the Al matrix. This resulted in a Vickers microhardness of 153 HV and a yield strength of 415 MPa. The main results show that post-processing of SLM-produced AlSi10Mg alloys using ECAP significantly affects the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the alloy.

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Guo, Yuan Cheng, and Hai Tao Liu. "Deformation Analysis and Engineering Practice of Post-Processing Method in Thick Filled Subgrade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.247.

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Expressway is developed quickly in China, but its construction is seriously affected by the un-uniform deformation of the subgrade. The basic concepts of post- treatment and pre- treatment on freeway subgrade are firstly discussed in this article, and then a conclusion that Post- treatment Method can obviously reduce the after-work sink is gained, which may be used as a practical reference for lighting the un-uniform deformation of thick-filled subgrade in soft-soil area.

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Ebert, Kerry Danahy, Kathryn Kohnert, Giang Pham, Jill Rentmeester Disher, and Bita Payesteh. "Three Treatments for Bilingual Children With Primary Language Impairment: Examining Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Domain Effects." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 1 (February 2014): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0388).

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Purpose This study examines the absolute and relative effects of 3 different treatment programs for school-age bilingual children with primary or specific language impairment (PLI). It serves to expand the evidence base on which service providers can base treatment decisions. It also explores hypothesized relations between languages and cognition in bilinguals with PLI. Method Fifty-nine school-age Spanish–English bilingual children with PLI were assigned to receive nonlinguistic cognitive processing, English, bilingual (Spanish–English), or deferred treatment. Participants in each of the 3 active treatments received treatment administered by nationally certified speech-language pathologists. Pre- and post-treatment assessments measured change in nonlinguistic cognitive processing, English, and Spanish skills, and analyses examined change within and across both treatment groups and skill domains. Results All active treatment groups made significant pre- to post-treatment improvement on multiple outcome measures. There were fewer significant changes in Spanish than in English across groups. Between-group comparisons indicate that the active treatment groups generally outperformed the deferred treatment control, reaching statistical significance for 2 tasks. Conclusion Results provide insight into cross-language transfer in bilingual children and advance understanding of the general PLI profile with respect to relationships between basic cognitive processing and higher level language skills.

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Glassman, Lisa H., Margaret-Anne Mackintosh, Stephanie Y. Wells, Induni Wickramasinghe, Kristen H. Walter, and Leslie A. Morland. "Predictors of Quality of Life Following Cognitive Processing Therapy Among Women and Men With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (February 20, 2020): e579-e585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz474.

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Abstract Introduction The effect of evidence-based post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments on quality of life (QOL) is not well understood. In light of mixed findings on QOL after PTSD interventions, little is known about why some individuals experience functional and QOL improvements while others do not. This study examined treatment-related changes in depression, anger, and PTSD following cognitive processing therapy (CPT) as potential predictors of QOL change. Materials and Methods Data from two randomized controlled trials, one examining CPT among female civilians and veterans (women’s study NCT02362477; n = 126) and the other on CPT delivered to male veterans (men’s study NCT00879255; n = 125), were used to test study aims. Linear mixed modeling examined changes in depression, anger, and PTSD as predictors of post-treatment QOL while controlling for baseline QOL. The VA Pacific Island Health Care System’s Institutional Review Board approved all study procedures. Results Among women, reductions in depression from pre- to post-treatment had the strongest predictive value of post-treatment QOL (B = −1.15, 95% confidence interval (−1.71, −0.60), t = −4.07, P < .001). For men, reductions in trait anger from pre- to post-treatment predicted post-treatment QOL (B = −0.55, 95% confidence interval (−0.90, −0.19), t = −3.00, P = .003). Conclusions Improvements in QOL may be predicted by different symptoms for men and women following evidence-based PTSD treatment. Our findings suggest that change in depression symptoms is an important predictor of post-treatment QOL among women, while anger symptoms are more influential for men. QOL and functioning is underresearched within the context of PTSD treatment, and this study suggests that these domains should be examined within the context of gender.

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Corsini, Franco, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Antonia Giannuzzi, and Antonio Gaddi. "Application of a New Processing Method to Post-LDL-apheresis Data." Journal of Theoretical Medicine 4, no. 3 (2002): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1027366021000041403.

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Our aim was to elaborate a method to optimise treatment intervals for the individual low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis treated patients. After each treatment, plasma LDL concentrations show a time-related increase with a decreasing speed until a maximum level.We searched to interpret the post-LDL-apheresis experimental data trend as the physical process that produces the observed curve, so that the fitting presupposed theoretical function is a direct consequence of the physic process, because to establish the better time. Applying the proposed fitting method to a succession of 15 samples obtained from the mean of six plasmapheresis executed on five different subjects, small estimate standard error (5 mg/dl) and relative error (1.7%) with a dispersion evidently related to the experimental error were observed. Obviously, applying the same method to a single case, the dispersion is more marked (relative error <5%), with a SE of 10-13 mg/dl, even though the aspect of a casual phenomenon is conserved. Our physical interpretation appears to be a practical model to predict the LDL-rebound kinetic of the single patient.

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Akhil, Konduru Viswanath, Mythri Shivakumar, and Ajay Vardhan Reddy. "COGNITIVE NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING ASSISTANT FOR POST-OPERATIVE CARE." International Research Journal of Computer Science 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2021.v0806.001.

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The vast intricacies that hover over post-operative care often lead to higher risk and inherent damage, when ignored. Postoperative care has several complications, ranging from decreased quality of care due to enormous patient to doctor gap ratio to unavailability of remote healthcare. To ensure that these issues are eradicated, the Cognitive NLP assistant using Dialogflow is proposed. This assistant will hold a regular conversation similar to what a medical professional would, but at the feasibility of the user’s home. It will monitor and track symptoms. The assistant will suggest prompts, based on prior charts and care suggested for the respective surgery. The proposed methodology is achieved by using the Rule-Based Grammar algorithm and the ML matching algorithm. The assistant’s services will extend to connecting with the medical professional if any abnormalities arise and cover communication gaps, by providing the details it has gathered. This assistant has reduced the burden of the physician while providing care to the user and eliminating the need to travel distances to seek treatment for non-emergent issues along with reducing the stress to schedule an appointment. It will function as a whole care provider by being available around the clock to tend to the user.

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Wykes, Til, Michael Brammer, John Mellers, Peter Bray, Clare Reeder, Clare Williams, and Julia Corner. "Effects on the brain of a psychological treatment: Cognitive remediation therapy." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 02 (August 2002): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007125000161872.

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Zhao, Cang, Meng Wang, Yang Shi, Jianguo Cao, and Yu Qiao. "High-temperature post-processing treatment of silica nanofoams of controlled pore sizes and porosities." Materials & Design 90 (January 2016): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.10.164.

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Han, A., V. K. Punyamurtula, and Y. Qiao. "Effects of post-processing treatment on sorption isotherm of an effectively hydrophilic zeolite β." Philosophical Magazine Letters 88, no. 1 (January 2008): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500830701732998.

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Strauß, L., J. Montero, S. Weber, S. Brenner, P. Höfer, K. Paetzold, and G. Löwisch. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Hardness of Unconventional Geometrical Features for Laser Powder Bed Fused AlSi10Mg." Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (May 2022): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.62.

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AbstractThe adoption of Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) practices brought new industrial components embedding unconventional shapes such as lattice structures or freeform surfaces resulting from topological optimisations. As a drawback of design freedom, designers need to use thermal post-processing to achieve homogeneous properties in metal 3D printing. This contribution analyses the effect of T6-like heat treatment on the hardness of a complex component. Hardness values are reported along with good design practices for effective thermal post-processing to complement the DfAM knowledge base.

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Hoshi, Sujin, Kuniharu Tasaki, Kazushi Maruo, Yuta Ueno, Haruhiro Mori, Shohei Morikawa, Yuki Moriya, Shoko Takahashi, Takahiro Hiraoka, and Tetsuro Oshika. "Improvement in Dacryoendoscopic Visibility after Image Processing Using Comb-Removal and Image-Sharpening Algorithms." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 2073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082073.

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Recently, a minimally invasive treatment for lacrimal passage diseases was developed using dacryoendoscopy. Good visibility of the lacrimal passage is important for examination and treatment. This study aimed to investigate whether image processing can improve the dacryoendoscopic visibility using comb-removal and image-sharpening algorithms. We processed 20 dacryoendoscopic images (original images) using comb-removal and image-sharpening algorithms. Overall, 40 images (20 original and 20 post-processing) were randomly presented to the evaluators, who scored each image on a 10-point scale. The scores of the original and post-processing images were compared statistically. Additionally, in vitro experiments were performed using a test chart to examine whether image processing could improve the dacryoendoscopic visibility in a turbid fluid. The visual score (estimate ± standard error) of the images significantly improved from 3.52 ± 0.26 (original images) to 5.77 ± 0.28 (post-processing images; p < 0.001, linear mixed-effects model). The in vitro experiments revealed that the contrast and resolution of images in the turbid fluid improved after image processing. Image processing with our comb-removal and image-sharpening algorithms improved dacryoendoscopic visibility. The techniques used in this study are applicable for real-time processing and can be easily introduced in clinical practice.

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Hoffmann, Michael P., Frank G. Zalom, and L. Ted Wilson. "Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Stink Bugs on Processing Tomatoes, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.153.

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Abstract Tests were conducted in a commercial planting of processing tomatoes located near Davis, CA. The 4 insecticidal treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design and were 15 ft wide (3 single row beds) and 500 ft long. Insecticides were applied at 15 psi and 20 gal water/acre on 29 Aug using a full-coverage tractor mounted boom sprayer. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated by recording the number of live stink bugs found by picking up and shaking tomato plants onto a 14 X 19 inch tray and by searching the soil beneath the tray to a depth of 1 to 2 inches. Twenty-four samples were taken from each replicate at pre-(28 Aug) and post-treatment (3 and 4 Sep). Pretreatment samples were taken from an outer bed while post-treatment samples were from the center bed of each 3 bed wide replicate. A few Thyanta sp. stink bugs were present and were lumped in with E. conspersus counts for data analysis. Since pretreatment data indicated a trend of lower bug counts on some treatments, we also present results for all stages combined as proportion of pretreatment bugs present at post-treatment.

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Abdallah, Chadi G., Christopher L. Averill, Amy E. Ramage, Lynnette A. Averill, Evelyn Alkin, Samaneh Nemati, John H. Krystal, et al. "Reduced Salience and Enhanced Central Executive Connectivity Following PTSD Treatment." Chronic Stress 3 (January 2019): 247054701983897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547019838971.

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Background In soldiers with posttraumatic stress disorder, symptom provocation was found to induce increased connectivity within the salience network, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging and global brain connectivity with global signal regression (GBCr). However, it is unknown whether these GBCr disturbances would normalize following effective posttraumatic stress disorder treatment. Methods Sixty-nine US Army soldiers with (n = 42) and without posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 27) completed functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during symptom provocation using subject-specific script imagery. Then, participants with posttraumatic stress disorder received six weeks (12 sessions) of group cognitive processing therapy or present-centered therapy. At week 8, all participants repeated the functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The primary analysis used a region-of-interest approach to determine the effect of treatment on salience GBCr. A secondary analysis was conducted to explore the pattern of GBCr alterations posttreatment in posttraumatic stress disorder participants compared to controls. Results Over the treatment period, present-centered therapy significantly reduced salience GBCr ( p = .02). Compared to controls, salience GBCr was high pretreatment (present-centered therapy, p = .01; cognitive processing therapy, p = .03) and normalized post-present-centered therapy ( p = .53) but not postcognitive processing therapy ( p = .006). Whole-brain secondary analysis found high GBCr within the central executive network in posttraumatic stress disorder participants compared to controls. Post hoc exploratory analyses showed significant increases in executive GBCr following cognitive processing therapy treatment ( p = .01). Conclusion The results support previous models relating cognitive processing therapy to central executive network and enhanced cognitive control while unraveling a previously unknown neurobiological mechanism of present-centered therapy treatment, demonstrating treatment-specific reduction in salience connectivity during trauma recollection.

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Hoffmann, Michael P., Frank G. Zalom, and L. Ted Wilson. "Aerial Applications of Insecticides for Control of Stink Bugs on Processing Tomatoes, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.153a.

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Abstract Aerial applications were made to a commerical planting of processing tomatoes located near Woodland, CA. Each treatment was applied with a Grumman Ag-Cat (Model G164B) at 10 gal/acre and 25 psi on 15 Sep. Unreplicated treatments were 42 ft wide (8 beds wide) by approximately 800 ft long and separated by a 38 ft unsprayed buffer. On each of 12 6.5 ft long areas of tomato bed per treatment all plants were cut off at ground level and shaken onto a drop cloth. The number of bugs on the drop cloth and the number found within the top 1-2 inches of soil were recorded from bed number 4 and bed number 5 on 12 Sep (pretreatment) and 19 Sep (post-treatment), respectively. Sample areas in rows were separated by approximately 45 ft. Unreplicated data are presented as proportional changes from pre- to post-treatments.

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Kumar Mishra, Pradeep, Senthil Ponnusamy, and Mohan Satyanarayana Reddy Nallamilli. "The influence of process parameters on the impact resistance of 3D printed PLA specimens under water-absorption and heat-treated conditions." Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, no. 6 (June 28, 2021): 1108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2020-0037.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of water absorption and heat treatment on the impact strength of three-dimensional (3D) printed Izod specimens. A low-cost post-processing technique is proposed to improve the impact strength of 3D printed parts substantially. Design/methodology/approach In the present work, the effect of water absorption and the heat-treatment on the impact resistance of 3D printed poly-lactic acid parts possessing different layer-height, build-orientation and raster-orientation was studied. Water absorption tests were conducted in distilled water and it was observed that the water- absorption in specimens follows the Fickian diffusion mechanism. A set of specimens was heat-treated at 120°C for 1 h using an induction furnace. Post water absorption and heat-treatment a significant increase in the impact resistance is noticed and especially a steep increase in impact resistance is observed in heat-treated specimens. Findings Experimental findings show that raster orientation played a major role in the impact resistance of a 3D printed structure in comparison to other process parameters. The order of influence of process parameters on the impact strength of specimens was disclosed by the mean effect plots. In terms of processing time and cost, the post-processing heat-treatment approach was found to be convenient compared to the water absorption technique. Originality/value This paper presents a new set of low-cost post-processing techniques (water-absorption and heat-treatment) for improving the impact strength of 3D printed specimens.

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Xu, Jinghao, Hans Gruber, Ru Lin Peng, and Johan Moverare. "A Novel γ′-Strengthened Nickel-Based Superalloy for Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 4930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214930.

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An experimental printable γ′-strengthened nickel-based superalloy, MAD542, is proposed. By process optimization, a crack-free component with less than 0.06% defect was achieved by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). After post-processing by solution heat treatment, a recrystallized structure was revealed, which was also associated with the formation of annealing twins. After the aging treatment, 60–65% γ′ precipitates were obtained with a cuboidal morphology. The success of printing and post-processing the new MAD542 superalloy may give new insights into alloy design approaches for additive manufacturing.

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Viscardi, Abbie V., Elizabeth Shirtcliff, Emily Eppler, Savannah Miller, and Johann Coetzee. "83 Evaluation of transmammary-delivered firocoxib and an ethyl chloride spray to mitigate pain associated with processing procedures in piglets." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.005.

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Abstract Piglets raised in commercial production systems in the U.S. undergo painful management procedures, including surgical castration, tail docking and ear notching, without analgesia or anesthesia provision for pain relief. This is a significant animal welfare concern. There is an immediate need to identify the most practical and effective analgesia or anesthesia option for use on-farm. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 2.0mg/kg firocoxib, administered to the sow and delivered transmammary to her piglets, and a vapocoolant spray (ethyl chloride) to reduce processing pain. Five-day old male and female Yorkshire-cross piglets were used. 2.0mg/kg firocoxib was administered to the sow intramuscularly 7h prior to processing piglets. An ethyl chloride spray was applied to the ears, tail and scrotum of the piglets immediately before ear notching, tail docking and surgical castration, respectively. Piglets were assigned to one of four treatment groups: firocoxib and vapocoolant spray (FV; n=32), firocoxib only (F; n=32), vapocoolant spray only (V; n=32), no treatment (CON; n=32). The observation period was from 24h pre- to 48h post-processing (specific time points = baseline, 0h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 7h, 24h, 30h, 36h, 48h). Preliminary results found piglets displayed significantly more pain-related behaviors at 24h and 30h post-processing than at most other time points (p< 0.05). Piglets had significantly higher cranial temperatures at 7h post-processing than all other time points (p< 0.05). There was a trend in FV and F piglets having a higher cranial temperature at 36h post-processing compared to V and CON piglets (p=0.08). All piglets had significantly higher hair cortisol levels at 4 vs 20-days old (p< .0001); however, there were no significant treatment effects on cranial temperature, hair cortisol or pain behavior, suggesting firocoxib and the ethyl chloride spray were unable to significantly reduce piglet pain post-processing. Further study analysis is needed to confirm these initial findings.

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Apelian, D., and S. K. Chaudhury. "Fluidized bed heat treatment of aluminum cast components." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120064.

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Heat Treatment and post casting treatments of cast components has always been an important step in the control of microstructure, and resultant properties. In the past, the solutionizing, quenching and ageing process steps may have “required” in total over 20 hours of processing time. With the advent of fluidized bed reactors (FB), processing time has been dramatically reduced. For example, instead of 8-10 hours solutionizing time in a conventional furnace, the time required in FB is less than an hour. Experiments with Al-Si-Mg alloy, (both modified with Sr, and unmodified) were performed, having different diffusion distances (different DAS), and for different reaction times and temperatures. Both the model and the experimental results are presented and discussed.

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Dareh Baghi, Alireza, Shahrooz Nafisi, Reza Hashemi, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, and Reza Ghomashchi. "Effective post processing of SLM fabricated Ti-6Al-4 V alloy: Machining vs thermal treatment." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 68 (August 2021): 1031–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.06.035.

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Udovč, Lea, Matjaž Spreitzer, and Marija Vukomanović. "Towards hydrophilic piezoelectric poly-L-lactide films: optimal processing, post-heat treatment and alkaline etching." Polymer Journal 52, no. 3 (October 21, 2019): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41428-019-0281-5.

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Aung, Tin Tun, Roger Murayi, Thandar Aung, Hiroatsu Murakami, Stephen E. Jones, Andreas Alexopoulos, Imad Najm, and Zhong Irene Wang. "Prospective use of MRI post-processing in the surgical treatment of MRI-negative orbitofrontal epilepsy." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 414 (July 2020): 116828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.116828.

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Yip, C. S., K. A. Khor, N. L. Loh, and P. Cheang. "Thermal spraying of Ti6Al4V/hydroxyapatite composites coatings: powder processing and post-spray treatment." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 65, no. 1-3 (March 1997): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(95)02244-9.

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Hahn, Christian, Thomas Wachter, Stefan Nöbel, Jochen Weiss, Hermann Eibel, and Jörg Hinrichs. "Graininess in fresh cheese as affected by post-processing: Influence of tempering and mechanical treatment." International Dairy Journal 26, no. 1 (September 2012): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.12.013.

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Wang, Jian-Wei, Yue-Fa Wang, Jing-Guo Zhang, Yan-Lin Yu, Ge-Ge Zhou, Lei Cheng, Lin-Shan Wang, and Z. Zak Fang. "Optimization of electrocatalytic properties of NiMoCo foam electrode for water electrolysis by post-treatment processing." Rare Metals 34, no. 11 (September 4, 2015): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12598-015-0592-4.

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Henao-Díaz, Yuly A., Luis Giménez-Lirola, Korakrit Poonsuk, Ting-Yu Cheng, Chong Wang, Ju Ji, David H. Baum, Rodger G. Main, and Jeffrey J. Zimmerman. "Effect of chemical clarification of oral fluids on the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus IgG." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30, no. 5 (July 20, 2018): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638718789220.

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Routine collection and testing of oral fluid (OF) samples facilitates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) surveillance in commercial swine herds in a cost-effective, welfare-friendly fashion. However, OFs often contain environmental contaminants that may affect liquid handling and test performance. Traditional processing methods (e.g., filtration or centrifugation) are not compatible with high-throughput testing because of the burden of additional processing costs and time. OF “clarification” using chemical flocculants is an alternative approach not widely explored. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of chitosan-based clarification treatment on a commercial PRRSV OF ELISA. Serum and individual OFs were collected from vaccinated pigs ( n = 17) at −7 to 42 d post-vaccination and subdivided into 4 aliquots. Each aliquot was clarified (treatment A, B, C), with the 4th aliquot serving as untreated control. All samples were tested by PRRSV OF ELISA immediately after treatment and then were held at 4°C to be re-tested at 2, 4, 6, and 14 d post-treatment. Quantitative and qualitative treatment effects were evaluated. A Kruskal–Wallis test found no significant difference in ELISA S/P responses among treatments by days post-treatment. No difference was detected in the proportion of positive PRRSV antibody samples among treatments (Cochran Q, p > 0.05). Treatment of swine OFs using chitosan-based formulations did not affect the performance of a commercial PRRSV OF ELISA. Chitosan (or other flocculants) could improve OF characteristics and could be adapted for use in the field or in high-throughput laboratories.

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Carson, James W., Kimberly M. Carson, Kim D. Jones, Lindsay Lancaster, and Scott D. Mist. "Mindful Yoga Pilot Study Shows Modulation of Abnormal Pain Processing in Fibromyalgia Patients." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/1531-2054-26.1.93.

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Published findings from a randomized controlled trial have shown that Mindful Yoga training improves symptoms, functional deficits, and coping abilities in individuals with fibromyalgia and that these benefits are replicable and can be maintained 3 months post-treatment. The aim of this study was to collect pilot data in female fibromyalgia patients (n = 7) to determine if initial evidence indicates that Mindful Yoga also modulates the abnormal pain processing that characterizes fibromyalgia. Pre- and post-treatment data were obtained on quantitative sensory tests and measures of symptoms, functional deficits, and coping abilities. Separation test analyses indicated significant improvements in heat pain tolerance, pressure pain threshold, and heat pain after-sensations at post-treatment. Fibromyalgia symptoms and functional deficits also improved significantly, including physical tests of strength and balance, and pain coping strategies. These findings indicate that further investigation is warranted into the effect of Mindful Yoga on neurobiological pain processing.

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Sanabria, Nancy R., Yury M. Peralta, Mardelly K. Montañez, Nelson Rodríguez-Valencia, Rafael Molina, and Sonia Moreno. "Catalytic oxidation with Al–Ce–Fe–PILC as a post-treatment system for coffee wet processing wastewater." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 8 (October 1, 2012): 1663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.410.

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The effluent from the anaerobic biological treatment of coffee wet processing wastewater (CWPW) contains a non-biodegradable compound that must be treated before it is discharged into a water source. In this paper, the wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation (WHPCO) process using Al–Ce–Fe–PILC catalysts was researched as a post-treatment system for CWPW and tested in a semi-batch reactor at atmospheric pressure and 25 °C. The Al–Ce–Fe–PILC achieved a high conversion rate of total phenolic compounds (70%) and mineralization to CO2 (50%) after 5 h reaction time. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of coffee processing wastewater after wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation was reduced in 66%. The combination of the two treatment methods, biological (developed by Cenicafé) and catalytic oxidation with Al-Ce–Fe–PILC, achieved a 97% reduction of COD in CWPW. Therefore, the WHPCO using Al–Ce–Fe–PILC catalysts is a viable alternative for the post-treatment of coffee processing wastewater.

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Wutzler, Thomas, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Mirco Migliavacca, Jürgen Knauer, Kerstin Sickel, Ladislav Šigut, Olaf Menzer, and Markus Reichstein. "Basic and extensible post-processing of eddy covariance flux data with REddyProc." Biogeosciences 15, no. 16 (August 23, 2018): 5015–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5015-2018.

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Abstract. With the eddy covariance (EC) technique, net fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other trace gases as well as water and energy fluxes can be measured at the ecosystem level. These flux measurements are a main source for understanding biosphere–atmosphere interactions and feedbacks through cross-site analysis, model–data integration, and upscaling. The raw fluxes measured with the EC technique require extensive and laborious data processing. While there are standard tools1 available in an open-source environment for processing high-frequency (10 or 20 Hz) data into half-hourly quality-checked fluxes, there is a need for more usable and extensible tools for the subsequent post-processing steps. We tackled this need by developing the REddyProc package in the cross-platform language R that provides standard CO2-focused post-processing routines for reading (half-)hourly data from different formats, estimating the u* threshold, as well as gap-filling, flux-partitioning, and visualizing the results. In addition to basic processing, the functions are extensible and allow easier integration in extended analysis than current tools. New features include cross-year processing and a better treatment of uncertainties. A comparison of REddyProc routines with other state-of-the-art tools resulted in no significant differences in monthly and annual fluxes across sites. Lower uncertainty estimates of both u* and resulting gap-filled fluxes by 50 % with the presented tool were achieved by an improved treatment of seasons during the bootstrap analysis. Higher estimates of uncertainty in daytime partitioning (about twice as high) resulted from a better accounting for the uncertainty in estimates of temperature sensitivity of respiration. The provided routines can be easily installed, configured, and used. Hence, the eddy covariance community will benefit from the REddyProc package, allowing easier integration of standard post-processing with extended analysis. 1http://fluxnet.fluxdata.org/2017/10/10/toolbox-a-rolling-list-of-softwarepackages-for-flux-related-data-processing/, last access: 17 August 2018

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Pearce, Michelle, Kerry Haynes, Natalia R. Rivera, and Harold G. Koenig. "Spiritually Integrated Cognitive Processing Therapy: A New Treatment for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder That Targets Moral Injury." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 7 (January 2018): 216495611875993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956118759939.

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Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder, and current treatments leave the majority of patients with unresolved symptoms. Moral injury (MI) may be one of the barriers that interfere with recovery from PTSD, particularly among current or former military service members. Objective Given the psychological and spiritual aspects of MI, an intervention that addresses MI using spiritual resources in addition to psychological resources may be particularly effective in treating PTSD. To date, there are no existing empirically based individual treatments for PTSD and MI that make explicit use of a patient’s spiritual resources, despite the evidence that spiritual beliefs/activities predict faster recovery from PTSD. Method To address this gap, we adapted Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), an empirically validated treatment for PTSD, to integrate clients’ spiritual beliefs, practices, values, and motivations. We call this treatment Spiritually Integrated CPT (SICPT). Results This article describes this novel manualized therapeutic approach for treating MI in the setting of PTSD for spiritual/religious clients. We provide a description of SICPT and a brief summary of the 12 sessions. Then, we describe a case study in which the therapist helps a client use his spiritual resources to resolve MI and assist in the recovery from PTSD. Conclusion SICPT may be a helpful way to reduce PTSD by targeting MI, addressing spiritual distress, and using a client’s spiritual resources. In addition to the spiritual version (applicable for those of any religion and those who do not identify as religious), we have also developed 5 religion-specific manuals (Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism) for clients who desire a more religion-specific approach.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Post-processing treatment'

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