Academic literature on the topic 'Post-processing treatment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Post-processing treatment"
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Tanko, Hakibu, Danielle Julie Carrier, Lijun Duan, and Ed Clausen. "Pre- and post-harvest processing of medicinal plants." Plant Genetic Resources 3, no. 2 (August 2005): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200569.
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Herbal medicine is used worldwide either as a sole treatment method or as part of a comprehensive treatment plan alongside orthodox methods of diagnosis and treatment. A survey reported that, in the USA, nearly one-sixth of women took at least one herbal product in 2000. Despite their widespread use, numerous reports show that the herbal products available to consumers are of variable quality. This disparity in quality of herbal preparations can be attributed to the fact that their production is complicated. To produce high-quality herbal products, attention must be paid to, among others, phytochemical variations due to plant breed, organ specificity, stages of growth, cultivation parameters, contamination by microbial and chemical agents, substitution, adulteration with synthetic drugs, heavy metal contamination, storage and extraction. This review focuses on organ specificity, seasonal variations, the effect of drying and storage, and the extraction of phytochemical constituents. Special emphasis is placed on the four most frequently used herbal products in the USA: echinacea, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng and St John's Wort.
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Sedova, M. V., A. L. Dyachkov, T. A. Furmanova, and N. S. Perov. "Post-processing and processing treatment and their effect on structure and properties of Finemet films." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 287, no. 1-3 (July 2001): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(01)00561-0.
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Vuong, Quan-Hoang, Tam-Tri Le, Viet-Phuong La, and Minh-Hoang Nguyen. "The psychological mechanism of internet information processing for post-treatment evaluation." Heliyon 8, no. 5 (May 2022): e09351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09351.
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Roudnicka, Michaela, and Dalibor Vojtech. "Fractography of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy: Influence of Post-Processing Treatment." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.187.
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Additively manufactured metals have their specifics which influence their performance. Based on fractography, these specifics are depicted in this paper on the example of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). While very fine microstructure contributes to high strength during static loading, dynamic loading is impaired by rough as-built surface and internal defects. With post-processing treatment, these undesirable features can be removed or significantly reduced. To densify the material, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) closing internal voids is commonly used. Rough surface can be removed by machining or other operations, including chemical treatment. The influence of HIP and machining on fatigue failure are in the focus of this paper.
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Vepsäläinen, Mikko, David S. Macedo, Huan Gong, Marta Rubio-Martinez, Bita Bayatsarmadi, and Brandon He. "Electrosynthesis of HKUST-1 with Flow-Reactor Post-Processing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083340.
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Electrochemical synthesis has been proposed as an efficient method for cost-effective and large-scale production of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This work investigates the combined electrochemical synthesis with flow synthesis post-treatment for the production of high surface area HKUST-1. The electrochemical synthesis process used in the experimental work did not require additional electrolytes or washing of the synthesis product. Batch electrosynthesis and electrosynthesis with flow synthesis were compared for the quality of the product using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (EIS). Batch electrosynthesis in 0.01 M benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) solution produced HKUST-1 with BET surface area of 1550 m2/g which was increased further to 1716 m2/g with post-flow-synthesis treatment. The greatest change in surface area after flow processing was observed when using 0.78 M H3BTC, with corresponding surface areas of 481 m2/g and 1531 m2/g. According to SEM and BET results, the product purity improved during the post-flow-synthesis treatment. The proposed method enables continuous flow synthesis of high-quality MOFs with minimal purification steps.
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Mayville, Pierce J., Aliaksei L. Petsiuk, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Thermal Post-Processing of 3D Printed Polypropylene Parts for Vacuum Systems." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 5 (September 8, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6050098.
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Access to vacuum systems is limited because of economic costs. A rapidly growing approach to reduce the costs of scientific equipment is to combine open-source hardware methods with digital distributed manufacturing with 3D printers. Although high-end 3D printers can manufacture vacuum components, again, the cost of access to tooling is economically prohibitive. Low-cost material extrusion 3D printing with plastic overcomes the cost issue, but two problems arise when attempting to use plastic in or as part of vacuum systems: the outgassing of polymers and their sealing. To overcome these challenges, this study explores the potential of using post-processing heat treatments to seal 3D printed polypropylene for use in vacuum environments. The effect of infill overlap and heat treatment with a readily available heat gun on 3D printed PP parts was investigated in detail on ISO-standardized KF vacuum fitting parts and with the use of computer vision-based monitoring of vacuum pump down velocities. The results showed that infill overlap and heat treatment both had a large impact on the vacuum pressures obtainable with 3D printed parts. Heat treatment combined with 98% infill reliably sealed parts for use in vacuum systems, which makes the use of low-cost desktop 3D printers viable for manufacturing vacuum components for open scientific hardware.
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Prashar, Gaurav, Hitesh Vasudev, and Lalit Thakur. "Influence of heat treatment on surface properties of HVOF deposited WC and Ni-based powder coatings: a review." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 043002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac3a52.
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Abstract Post-spray treatments have recently been popular as a means of improving the overall quality of thermally sprayed coatings, particularly those done using the HVOF technique. Thermally assisted surface treatment of deposited coatings is an effective way to improve the characteristics of coated components for specific applications. The tribomechanical properties of post-treated WC and Ni-based coatings deposited with high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique have been addressed. The structure-property correlations concerning the as-sprayed and post-treated coatings have been considered to understand the various mechanisms responsible for improved performance in terms of wear and corrosion resistance. The recent advancement in the post-treatments such as post-processing using microwave hybrid heating, laser-assisted processing and Stationary friction processing have been incorporated in the current review. Comparative studies have been presented to understand the structure-property relationship and performance of WC and Ni-based HVOF sprayed coatings with the help of various characterization techniques in this review article.
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Atabay, Sila Ece, Priti Wanjara, Fabrice Bernier, Sheida Sarafan, Javad Gholipour, Josh Soost, Robert Amos, Prakash Patnaik, and Mathieu Brochu. "In Envelope Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing and Thermal Post-Processing of Inconel 718." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010001.
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This study investigated the application of an in envelope additive/subtractive (LPBF) manufacturing method (Matsuura LUMEX-Avance-25) to fabricate IN718 benchmarking coupons. The coupons were then examined comprehensively for surface finish both with and without high-speed micro-machining. The microstructure of the manufactured IN718 coupons was investigated thoroughly in the as-fabricated condition and following three different standard and one non-standard post-processing heat treatments. As built coupons revealed columnar grain morphology mainly along the <100> direction with a cellular dendritic sub-grain structure and without any strengthening precipitates. Grain size, aspect ratio, and texture were maintained after each of the applied four heat treatments. Only one of the standard heat treatments resulted in the δ phase formation. The other three heat treatments effectively dissolved the Laves phase preventing the δ formation while promoting the formation of γ′/γ″ precipitates. Despite the observed differences in their microstructures, all of the heat treatments resulted in similar yield and ultimate tensile strength values that ranged between 1103–1205 MPa and 1347–1387 MPa, respectively. These values are above the minimum requirements of 1034 MPa and 1241 MPa for the wrought material. The non-standard heat treatment provided the highest elongation of 24.0 ± 0.1% amongst all the heat-treated specimens without a significant loss in strength, while the standard heat treatment for the wrought parts resulted in the lowest elongation of 18.3 ± 0.7% due to the presence of δ phase.
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Tiwary, Vivek Kumar, Arunkumar P., Anand S. Deshpande, and Nikhil Rangaswamy. "Surface enhancement of FDM patterns to be used in rapid investment casting for making medical implants." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 904–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2018-0176.
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Purpose Due to intrinsic limitations, fused deposition modelling (FDM) products suffer from the bad surface finish and inaccurate dimensional accuracies restricting its usage in many applications. Hence, there is a need for processing polymer patterns before, during and after their productions. This paper aims to highlight the importance of pre- and post-processing treatments on the FDM-based acrylonitrile butadiene styrene patterns improving its surface quality so, that it can be used in rapid investment casting process for making medical implants and other high precision components. Design/methodology/approach As a part of pre-processing treatment, the machine parameters affecting the surface quality were identified and optimised using design of experiments. The patterns developed after the first stage of optimisation were given different post-processing treatments, which included vapour smoothening, chemical treatment and sand paper polishing. The results were compared and the best ones were used for making patterns for making medical implants via rapid investment casting technique. The surface quality was checked while the dimensional changes happening during the stages of this hybrid technique were recorded using a three-dimensional optical scanner. Findings The surface roughness of the FDM based ABS patterns reduced from 21.63 to 14.40 µm with pre-processing treatments. Chemical treatment (post-processing treatment) turned to be the most suitable technique for reducing the surface roughness further down to 0.30 µm. Medical implants that used these pre- and post-processing treatments gave an average surface roughness of 0.68 µm. Cost and lead time comparisons showed that rapid investment casting technique can be a better method for low volume, customised and with specific requirements. Originality/value FDM parts/medical implants produced by rapid investment casting technique suffer from the inferior surface finish and inaccurate dimensional accuracies limiting its applications. A systematic approach to overcome this issue is presented in this research paper. This will directly help the end users and the manufacturers of medical implants, wherein, better surface finish and dimensionally accurate components are expected.
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Lin, Lan, Chengyu Shi, Yaxi Liu, Gregory Swanson, and Nikos Papanikolaou. "Development of a Novel Post-processing Treatment Planning Platform for 4D Radiotherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 7, no. 2 (April 2008): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460800700205.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Post-processing treatment"
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Abdelaal, Maged Mohamed Elsayed. "Effect of post- processing heat treatment on flexural strength of zirconia for dental applications." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3031.
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Purpose: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of annealing heat treatment on biaxial flexural strength and reliability of 3Y-TZP, sintered at various temperatures.
Materials & methods: 3Y-TZP blanks were pre-sintered at 850°C for 2 hours and sliced into discs (20x1.2mm). Specimens were randomly assigned to 5 groups and subsequently sintered at various temperatures ranging from 1350°C to 1650°C for 2 hours. For each sintering temperature, specimens were divided into three treatment groups. One group (n=20) was left as-sintered as control. One group was air-abraded with 50 micron aluminum oxide powder (n=20). The last group was air-abraded and heat-treated at 1250°C for 20 minutes (n=20). In addition, polished specimens (n=5 per sintering temperature) were prepared to study microstructure, grain size and indentation crack patterns. The mean density was measured by helium pycnometry. The percent porosity was calculated from measured and theoretical density. The mean grain size was determined by the linear intercept method on atomic force micrographs. Crystalline phases were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Biaxial flexural strength (BFS) was tested according to ISO standard 6872 using a Universal Testing Machine. Polished specimens were thermally etched, gold coated and Vickers indentations were produced under a 98N load. Indentation crack patterns were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on digital images. The length ratio of trans-granular to inter-granular fracture was determined. Results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Turkey's adjustment for multiple comparisons. A 0.05 level of segnificance was used. Reliability was evaluated by weibull analysis.
Results: There was an inverse relationship between density and sintering temperature Spearman rank correlation r = -0.982, p<0.0001). Statistically significant differences were found between all the groups (p<0.0001, exact Kruskal-Wallis test). There was strong evidence of an increase in the percentage of porosity with increasing sintering temperature Spearman rank correlation r=1.00, exact p = 0.017). The mean real grain size increased with sintering temperature. Analysis of XRD data showed that the monoclinic phase as well as ferro-elastic domain switching were present for all air-abraded groups. A small amount of monoclinic phase was also present in groups sintered at 1600°C and 1650°C. In The mean BFS was higher for all air-abraded groups compared to as-sintered or air abraded and heat-treated groups. Air-abraded groups sintered at 1350, 1450, 1550, and 1600°C showed the highest mean BFS (1552.97±200.85, 1502.29±102.36, 1391.4±108.3, 1258.5±114.8 MPa), respectively. The highest Weibull moduli (reliability) were obtained with the heat-treated group sintered at 1550°C (19.8), air-abraded group sintered at 1450°C (17.6) and heat-treated group sintered at 1350°C (15.4). The group sintered at 1650°C was the least reliable, independently of treatment state. Based on the data analysis of both the biaxial flexural strength and Weibull modulus, it was found that, the optimal treatment combination was obtained for the air-abraded group sintered at 1450°C, followed by the air-abraded group sintered at 1550°C. Crack patterns analyses showed that the proportion of trans-granular fracture increased with sintering temperature.
Conclusions: Annealing heat treatment is not recommended after any adjustments, as it does not improve the reliability of the material. Crack patterns and flexural strength are strongly influenced by the crystalline phase composition of the material. Sintering at 1600°C and 1650°C is not recommended due to the corresponding decrease in mechanical properties independently of treatment. Air-abrasion of zirconia sintered at 1450°C or 1550°C led to the best combination of high strength and reliability.
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Hsu, Melissa Karen. "Effect of Post Manufacture Thermal Dip Treatment on Proteolysis of Commercial String Cheese During Storage." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/924.
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String cheese, a Mozzarella cheese, has the unique ability to string in fibrous strands when pulled apart. Graders judge string cheese by its stringy texture; samples with copious amounts of string are awarded high ratings. But just as the texture of natural cheeses softens with time, the stringy texture of string cheese can diminish with age too.
Age related softening in cheese is due primarily to an important biochemical event known as proteolysis, which is attributed to inherent milk proteinases, residual coagulant activity, and enzymes from the lysis of starter culture microorganisms. It is hypothesized that a post manufacture heat treatment of string cheese could inactivate these proteolytic enzymes and slow or eliminate proteolysis during storage. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the effects of a post manufacture thermal dip treatment on proteolytic activity in packaged, commercial string cheese. Proteolysis was examined qualitatively by Urea-PAGE electrophoresis, quantitatively by measuring percentage of water-soluble nitrogen (%WSN), and by using a scoring method to analyze stringy texture during refrigerated storage.
Fresh, commercial string cheese was sourced on two separate occasions and treated six days after manufacture. Treatment consisted of dipping the packaged cheese sticks in water baths at 55°C, 75°C, and 95°C for 30 and 60 seconds. String cheese that did not undergo treatment served as the control. Treated and control cheeses were stored at 4°C until sampling for Urea-PAGE, WSN extraction, and texture analysis on days 1, 11, 22, 29, 49, 91, and 172 after treatment.
The degree of β-CN breakdown was not observed to be different between all treatment levels throughout the storage period. This was not expected since Mozzarella cheese exposed to a higher temperature should have more plasmin activity than that of cheese exposed to a lower temperature. There was a trend of slightly more intact αs1-CN in the most severely treated string cheese (95°C for 60s) when compared to the control at the final time point of the study. This suggests the possibility of successful inactivation of residual coagulant, intracellular enzymes, or other proteolytic enzymes in the string cheese at this treatment. However, only storage time had a significant effect on %WSN (p
The research completed in this study provides insight of the proteolytic effects from a thermal treatment process applied post string cheese manufacture. Though relationships between the treatments to the extent of secondary proteolysis and stringy texture were not significant, it was still found that there was more intact αs1-CN due to one of the treatments. These results suggest that it is possible that the use of other heat treatment parameters, longer storage period, or a combination of the two could show a significant relationship between thermal treatment and proteolysis. These results also suggest that further work to improve shelf life of string cheese or other cheese varieties through the concept of a post manufacture heat treatment may be promising.
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Hussain, Mursheda. "Vapor CdCl2 Processing of CdTe Solar Cells." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1088.
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Polycrystalline CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells are among the leading candidates for low-cost, large scale terrestrial photovoltaic applications. CdTe has a high absorption coefficient and it can absorb the radiant energy within less than 2 µm of thickness. This makes it suitable for thin film applications. CdTe has a band gap of 1.45 eV at room temperature, which is nearly optimum for photovoltaic conversion efficiency under the AM 1.5 solar spectrum. The theoretical maximum efficiency for CdTe solar cells is 29%. However, to-date the experimental value is in the 16 % range.
In most cases CdTe cells are subjected to a post-growth heat treatment which involves annealing in the presence of CdCl2. The treatment results in significant increases in conversion efficiency (η) and all three solar cell parameters Voc, FF, and Jsc.
In this work, several variations of the CdCl2 treatment were used on more than 100 samples to investigate their effects on the solar cell parameters. A vapor CdCl2 method was applied for the treatment with various source temperatures, substrate temperatures, and treatment times. The cells were characterized by dark and light J-V and spectral response (SR) measurements.
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Moore, Jeffrey Calvin. "Enhancing the availability of natural antioxidants in wheat-based food ingredients and food products through improved post-harvest treatments and processing conditions." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6760.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Food Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Sauter, Barrett. "Ultra-light weight design through additive manufacturing." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45160.
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ABB Corporate Research was looking to redevelop one product to be manufactured via polymer additive manufacturing (AM), as opposed to its previously traditionally manufacturing method. The current product is cylindrical in shape and must withstand a certain amount of hydrostatic pressure. Due to the pressure and the current design, the cannister is prone to buckling failure. The cannister is currently produced from two cylindrical tube parts and two spherical end sections produced from solid blocks of the same material. For assembly, an inner assembly is inserted into one of the tube parts and then all parts are welded together. This product is also custom dimensioned for each purchase order. The purpose of investigating this redevelopment for AM is to analyse if an updated inner design unique to additive manufacturing is able to increase the performance of the product by increasing the pressure it can withstand from both a material failure standpoint and a buckling failure. The redevelopment also aims to see if the component count and process count can be decreased. Ultimately, two product solutions are suggested, one for low pressure ranges constructed in ABS and one for high pressure ranges constructed in Ultem 1010. To accomplish this, relevant literature was referred to gain insight into how to reinforce cylindrical shell structures against buckling. Design aspects unique to AM were also explored. Iterations of these two areas were designed and analysed, which led to a final design choice being decided upon. The final design is ultimately based on the theory of strengthening cylindrical structures against buckling through the use of ring stiffeners while also incorporating AM unique design aspects in the form of hollow network structures. By utilizing finite element analysis, the design was further developed until it held the pressure required. Simulation results suggest that the ABS product can withstand 3 times higher pressure than the original design while being protected against failure due to buckling. The Ultem simulation results suggest that the product can withstand 12 times higher pressure than the current design while also being protected against failure due to buckling. Part count and manufacturing processes are also found to have decreased by half. Post-processing treatments were also explored, such as the performance of sealants under pressure and the effects of sealants on material mechanical properties. Results show that one sealant in particular, an acrylic spray, is most suitable to sealing the ABS product. It withstood a pressure of 8 bar during tests. The flexural tests showed that the sealant did indeed increase certain mechanical properties, the yield strength, however did not affect the flexural modulus significantly. This work gives a clear indication that the performance of this product is feasibly increased significantly from redeveloping it specifically to AM.
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Verguet, Amandine. "Développements méthodologiques et informatiques pour la microscopie électronique en transmission appliqués à des échantillons biologiques Alignment of Tilt Series (Chapter 7 of the Book: Cellular Imaging: Electron Tomography and Related Techniques, Hanssen Eric) An ImageJ tool for simplified post-treatment of TEM phase contrast images (SPCI) Comparison of methods based on feature tracking for fiducial-less image alignment in electron tomography." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS487.
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La microscopie électronique en transmission est une technique pertinente pour les études structurales en biologie. Certaines méthodes d’acquisition et d’analyse doivent être améliorées pour permettre l’observation d’échantillons sensibles aux doses d’électrons dans de bonnes conditions de contraste et de rapport signal sur bruit. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai exploré différentes approches méthodologiques et informatiques dans le but d’améliorer la qualité des images. J’ai ainsi évalué la pertinence de la combinaison de l’imagerie en énergie filtrée avec le mode STEM. Je montre que cette combinaison est prometteuse puisqu’elle permet d’améliorer le rapport signal sur bruit des images. Par ailleurs, j’ai collaboré à des développements algorithmiques et logiciels pour la reconstitution d’images de contraste de phase. Ceci permet l’amélioration du contraste par rapport à une acquisition classique. Je montre aussi qu’à cette fin, la phase plate tout comme les séries focales sont des outils efficaces. En étudiant une approche logicielle pour l’exploitation des séries focales, nous avons déterminé qu’il est possible d’obtenir, en plus de données quantitatives, un résultat qualitatif à partir d’une seule image. J’ai ainsi développé le plugin SPCI pour le logiciel ImageJ, qui permet de traiter de une à trois images focales. Je m’intéresse également à l’optimisation du processus de reconstruction tomographique, tant à l’alignement qu’à la reconstruction proprement dite. L’approche évaluée pour l’alignement utilise des points caractéristiques associés à des descripteurs locaux. Elle s’est montrée performante et permet de traiter des images sans marqueurs fiduciaires. Enfin, je propose une nouvelle méthode unifiée de reconstruction tridimensionnelle de séries tomographiques parcimonieuses. Il en découle une approche innovante mélangeant reconstruction et alignement dont l’ébauche servira de base à des travaux futurs pour le traitement de séries tomographiques parcimonieuses. L’ensemble des méthodes évoquées ici, leur validation, ainsi que les perspectives d’évolution associées sont décrites dans ce manuscritTransmission Electron Microscopy is a major tool for performing structural studies in biology. Some methods used for image sampling and analysis need to be improved in order to observe electron dose sensitive samples with good contrast and good signal to noise ratio. During this thesis, various methodological and computational approaches have been studied which aim to improve image quality. First, I evaluated the relevance of combining energy filtered imaging with the STEM mode. I show that this allows an improvement of the signal to noise ratio of images. Then, I devised an algorithm that generates an image from phase data. This approach allows improving the image contrast over direct imaging. The use of a phase plate and focal tilt series are both efficient tools to achieve this goal. While working on the software approach for processing of tilt series, we found that a qualitative result can be obtained from a single image. I developped the SPCI plugin for the ImageJ software. It allows processing between one and three focal images. My work involves optimization of the tomographic reconstruction process, including working with both alignment algorithms and reconstruction algorithms. I expose my studies on image alignment methods used on tilt series. These methods do rely on the use of key points and associated local descriptors. They have proved to be efficient to process images lacking fiducial markers. Finally, I propose a new unified algorithmic approach for 3D reconstruction of tomographic tilt series acquired with sparse sampling. I then derived another novel method that integrates the image alignment step in the process. Studies and developments will continue on both methods in futur work
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Jheng, Jian-Jhih, and 鄭建志. "The Study of Processing Post-treatment Program for Robotic Arm." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49190705770464145301.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
資訊管理系
100
Automation technology has been widely used in traditional industry, business and service industry in recent years based on the gradual progress of the technology practice. The main objective of companies adopting the automation technology is to increase the production effectiveness, decrease the dependence of operators and upgrade the production stability. The practice of automation technology can vary a wide range, for example, automated processing, material storage, transportation, even automated inspection and so on. At the mean time, the trend of combining the robotic arm to the automation technology speeds up in more and more companies. The robotic arm origins from the working principle of human arms and fulfill the idea of being humanic, flexible and diversified. There are cases of robotic arm industrial application, such as transportation, assembly, metallic spray, welding, grinding, polishing, and so on. The robotic arm is cable for complicated works like repetitive operation, direction recognition, or intelligence judgment. During the lead time before the processing of the robotic arm, complicated and repeated plan, analysis, calculation and experiments are usually required to make sure that the robotic arm is in best situation to perform appropriate action, undertake deformation and fulfill tools compensation. In that case, the robotic arm will be able to make the accurate operation following the end’s moving path and get the best process effectiveness. However, most traditional path planning of the robotic arm adopts the point-to-point path-teaching input method. For the purpose of getting better quality of the processing path, quantities of human resources and time cost are wasted inputting thousands of path points during the lead time. As to improve the defects of the traditional robotic arm processing path generating program, the study transforms the NC Program Code of Five-Axis Machine Tools into an intermediate program of the robotic arm processing path by LabVIEW. After the Coordinates System and Unit Vector are transformed by the intermediate program, the robotic arm system can read the program codes directly. Finally, through the virtual interface, different axes’ rotating action of the robot arm is confirmed respectively in order to acquire the best end’s moving path and the best process.
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"Post processing Treatment of InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors for Improved Bias-Illumination Stress Reliability." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18712.
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abstract: This thesis work mainly examined the stability and reliability issues of amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors under bias-illumination stress. Amorphous hydrogenated silicon has been the dominating material used in thin film transistors as a channel layer. However with the advent of modern high performance display technologies, it is required to have devices with better current carrying capability and better reproducibility. This brings the idea of new material for channel layer of these devices. Researchers have tried poly silicon materials, organic materials and amorphous mixed oxide materials as a replacement to conventional amorphous silicon layer. Due to its low price and easy manufacturing process, amorphous mixed oxide thin film transistors have become a viable option to replace the conventional ones in order to achieve high performance display circuits. But with new materials emerging, comes the challenge of reliability and stability issues associated with it. Performance measurement under bias stress and bias-illumination stress have been reported previously. This work proposes novel post processing low temperature long time annealing in optimum ambient in order to annihilate or reduce the defects and vacancies associated with amorphous material which lead to the instability or even the failure of the devices. Thin film transistors of a-IGZO has been tested for standalone illumination stress and bias-illumination stress before and after annealing. HP 4155B semiconductor parameter analyzer has been used to stress the devices and measure the output characteristics and transfer characteristics of the devices. Extra attention has been given about the effect of forming gas annealing on a-IGZO thin film. a-IGZO thin film deposited on silicon substrate has been tested for resistivity, mobility and carrier concentration before and after annealing in various ambient. Elastic Recoil Detection has been performed on the films to measure the amount of hydrogen atoms present in the film. Moreover, the circuit parameters of the thin film transistors has been extracted to verify the physical phenomenon responsible for the instability and failure of the devices. Parameters like channel resistance, carrier mobility, power factor has been extracted and variation of these parameters has been observed before and after the stress.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Electrical Engineering 2013
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Yaqubi, Awesta. "Psychological treatment for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in vulnerable populations." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38739.
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The lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ranges from 1 to 14 percent in the general population. Diagnosis is based on criteria that address hallmark symptoms of the disorder from re-experiencing the trauma to hyperarousal, emotional numbing, and avoidance of memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the event. PTSD is particularly prevalent in vulnerable populations and comorbid with substance use disorders, serious mental illness, or both. Psychological treatment options are more strongly recommended than pharmacological treatment by the American Psychological Association (APA); however, the efficacy of psychotherapy is less studied in vulnerable populations for fear that substance use or mental health outcomes will worsen. Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) are the most investigated forms of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in vulnerable populations and involve overcoming the trauma through repeated exposure for PE or processing with a clinician for CPT.
A review of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have evaluated the effect of either form of CBT on non-combat PTSD, substance use disorder (SUD), and mental health outcomes found that PE administered alongside SUD treatment had the greatest positive impact on PTSD and SUD outcomes. PE also had a better impact than CPT on PTSD outcomes in individuals with PTSD and serious mental illness (SMI); however, neither form of CBT performed substantially better than the other with respect to mental health outcomes.
In future studies, the impact of psychological treatments on PTSD and other health outcomes needs to be assessed on the same variables in larger populations of vulnerable individuals that are inclusive and representative of those receiving care for SUD and SMI in community health care settings.
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Bhattacharjee, Abhinaba. "A Data Requisition Treatment Instrument For Clinical Quantifiable Soft Tissue Manipulation." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/19009.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Soft tissue manipulation is a widely used practice by manual therapists from a variety of healthcare disciplines to evaluate and treat neuromusculoskeletal impairments using mechanical stimulation either by hand massage or specially-designed tools. The practice of a specific approach of targeted pressure application using distinguished rigid mechanical tools to breakdown adhesions, scar tissues and improve range of motion for affected joints is called Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Manipulation (IASTM). The efficacy of IASTM has been demonstrated as a means to improve mobility of joints, reduce pain, enhance flexibility and restore function. However, unlike the techniques of ultrasound, traction, electrical stimulation, etc. the practice of IASTM doesn't involve any standard to objectively characterize massage with physical parameters. Thus, most IASTM treatments are subjective to practitioner or patient subjective feedback, which essentially addresses a need to quantify therapeutic massage or IASTM treatment with adequate treatment parameters to document, better analyze, compare and validate STM treatment as an established, state-of-the-art practice. This thesis focuses on the development and implementation of Quantifiable Soft Tissue Manipulation (QSTM™) Technology by designing an ergonomic, portable and miniaturized wired localized pressure applicator medical device (Q1), for characterizing soft tissue manipulation. Dose-load response in terms of forces in Newtons; pitch angle of the device ; stroke frequency of massage measured within stipulated time of treatment; all in real-time has been captured to characterize a QSTM session. A QSTM PC software (Q-WARE©) featuring a Treatment Record System subjective to individual patients to save and retrieve treatment diagnostics and a real-time graphical visual monitoring system has been developed from scratch on WINDOWS platform to successfully implement the technology. This quantitative analysis of STM treatment without visual monitoring has demonstrated inter-reliability and intra-reliability inconsistencies by clinicians in STM force application. While improved consistency of treatment application has been found when using visual monitoring from the QSTM feedback system. This system has also discriminated variabilities in application of high, medium and low dose-loads and stroke frequency analysis during targeted treatment sessions.
Books on the topic "Post-processing treatment"
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Post processing treatment of composites. Covina, Calif: Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, 1996.
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Ann, Hembree Elizabeth, and Rothbaum Barbara Olasov, eds. Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences : therapist guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
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Sachs, Roberta. Processing memories retrieved by trauma victims and survivors: A primer for therapists. Tyler, TX: Family Violence & Sexual Assault Institute, 1994.
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Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Post-Synthetic Treatment, Processing and Application. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Koller, Martin. Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Post-Synthetic Treatment, Processing and Application. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Post-Synthetic Treatment, Processing and Application. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Koller, Martin. Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Post-Synthetic Treatment, Processing and Application. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Dillon, Kirsten H., Patricia A. Resick, and Candice M. Monson. Psychotherapy: Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0031.
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This chapter discusses cognitive processing therapy (CPT), a trauma-focused, cognitive-behavioral treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). CPT focuses primarily on identifying and challenging maladaptive beliefs that have developed about and as a result of the trauma, in order to help the client adopt a more balanced set of beliefs. Based on its long history of research support, CPT is one of the leading evidence-based treatments for PTSD. The chapter covers the theoretical background for CPT, describes the therapy, and presents a summary of research findings. Studies of CPT across multiple populations, settings, cultures, and countries are discussed. Research on the efficacy of CPT for individuals with comorbid conditions (e.g., brain injury, personality disorders, depression) and the impact of CPT on health-related outcomes and psychosocial functioning is also presented.
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Newman, Jennifer, and Charles R. Marmar. Executive Function in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0015.
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This chapter discusses the role of executive function in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is far from fully understood. Deficits are subtle and findings are often inconsistent. Impairments have been related to worsening of psychological symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. They can also negatively impact treatment. Functional imaging shows that neurocognitive deficits in PTSD may be related to an imbalance in brain connectivity, where emotion processing is enhanced and control is reduced. Structural findings show abnormalities in brain regions involved in higher-level functions. However, findings are often discrepant. Factors related to these inconclusive results are considered, including developmental course, premorbid functioning, and comorbidities such as traumatic brain injury, depression, substance use, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, health behaviors, and medical concerns. Treatment implications, limitations of this work, and future directions are presented. The aim of future research is to advance scientific understanding of PTSD, neurocognitive impairments, and related conditions, with the goal of improving outcomes for those who encounter trauma.
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Brown, Lily A., David Yusko, Hallie Tannahill, and Edna B. Foa. Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0030.
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This chapter presents an overview of prolonged exposure therapy (PE), a highly efficacious and effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). First, emotional processing theory is reviewed, which provides the theoretical basis for PE and the key mechanisms underlying PTSD symptom reduction. Next, a synthesis of the robust evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of PE is provided. The chapter reviews evidence that in addition to ameliorating PTSD symptoms, PE reduces secondary symptoms such as depression, suicidal ideation, anger, and substance use disorders. The chapter describes evidence supporting the extension of PE with unique samples, including individuals with psychosis, persons with self-injurious behavior, and war veterans. The chapter concludes with a review of the status of PE dissemination and implementation efforts.
Book chapters on the topic "Post-processing treatment"
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Lyon, H. "Tissue Processing: VII. Post Treatment." In Theory and Strategy in Histochemistry, 215–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73742-8_16.
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Ohler, J. G., and T. K. G. Ranasinghe. "13. Post-harvest Treatment; Coconut Processing." In Modern Coconut Management, 339–88. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445502.013.
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Reza-E-Rabby, Md, Tianhao Wang, Nathan Canfield, Daniel Graff, Timothy Roosendaal, and Scott Whalen. "Effect of Post-extrusion Heat Treatment on Mechanical Property of Aluminum Alloy 2024 Tube Produced Using Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE)." In Light Metals 2022, 301–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_42.
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Tang, Wei, Jian Chen, Xinghua Yu, David A. Frederick, and Zhili Feng. "Heat Input and Post Weld Heat Treatment Effects on Reduced-Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel Friction Stir Welds." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 83–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093343.ch9.
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Tang, Wei, Jian Chen, Xinghua Yu, David A. Frederick, and Zhili Feng. "Heat Input and Post Weld Heat Treatment Effects on Reduced-Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel Friction Stir Welds." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 83–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48173-9_9.
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Barone, Sandro, Paolo Neri, Sara Orsi, Alessandro Paoli, Armando V. Razionale, and Francesco Tamburrino. "Properties Enhancement of Carbon PA 3D-Printed Parts by Post-processing Coating-Based Treatments." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 837–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31154-4_71.
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Beer Mohamed, S., C. Kaviarasu, A. Danielwillson, C. Velmurugan, R. Jayaganthan, and K. Kaviyarasu. "Metal Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Methods, Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties via Post-processing Heat Treatments." In Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 167–216. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2639-6_8.
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Dunaway, Johanna, and Kathleen Searles. "Post-Exposure Processing." In News and Democratic Citizens in the Mobile Era, 20–34. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922504.003.0002.
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Abstract We offer a framework and a model that illuminates how communication technology shapes media effects by first understanding how people are exposed to information, and, second, understanding how they process that information once exposed. The chapter emphasizes that exposure is necessary but insufficient for learning and thus, a more serious treatment of attention is needed. The physical and cognitive access framework underscores the difference between the opportunities mobile devices offer for physical access to information, and the ways that same device structures cognitive access to information. Notably, physical access can mitigate, but not eradicate, the costs associated with information seeking and processing, which are exacerbated by mobile device features. Mobile features make attention allocation, and thus learning, more costly. With this in mind, the post-exposure processing model sets forth parameters for understanding the effects of changes in communication technology. We apply the framework and model to mobile devices.
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Pawlica, Rudolf, and Jan Bouĉek. "AUTOMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF GRAIN DRYING AND TREATMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." In Control Applications in Post-Harvest and Processing Technology 1995, 79–84. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042598-6.50014-x.
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Benintendi, Renato. "Experimental Investigation of Biomass Attachment to Wastewater Reactors." In Wastewater Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94426.
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Attached mass bioreactors have extensively been adopted in the last decades when specific needs have suggested this choice. Benefits and advantages of this multi-faceted technology in wastewater treatment processing are well known, along with the kinetic and mass transfer aspects regarding their operation, essentially belonging to the mass transfer with chemical reaction theory applied to enzymatic catalysis, referred to as Languimur-Hinshelwood kinetics, notably Monod/Michaelis Menten equations. On the other hand, a consolidated literature has dealt with many aspects of the development of strain colonies forming a biofilm. However, a few works have been devoted to the systematic analysis of its physiology, within the framework of the wastewater management of complex substrates and high-loads effluents. This article presents the experimental findings of a research activity covering the junction area between microbiology and bioreactor engineering, against a multifaceted set of operating parameters directly affecting health and stability of the attached biomass. In this respect, important results have been obtained, providing guidance on the attached mass reactor start-up, steady- state operation, impact of xenobiotic substrates, role of nutrients, filaments and foam formation, as well as qualitative aspects of the post-treatment effluent.
Conference papers on the topic "Post-processing treatment"
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Zhang, Haohua, and Huaifeng Tong. "Application of Post-Processing Technology in Vehicle Bumping Treatment at Bridge-Head." In Third International Conference on Transportation Engineering (ICTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41184(419)281.
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Hubel, Allison, Jacob Hanna, Clara Mata, Katie Glass, and Ellen Longmire. "Post Thaw Processing of Red Blood Cells Using Microfluidics." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192437.
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Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) has been an integral part of medicine since the middle of the last century. In particular, RBCs have been the most transfused blood product in battlefield trauma care[1]. Cryopreservation of red blood cells has been used in particular by the military for a variety of reasons. The ability to preserve cells facilitates transportation of blood from one location to another. Combat can result in sharp increases in blood use for the treatment of civilian and military and frozen blood supplies can be used to meet variations in blood demand. In the civilian blood services, cryopreserved blood is typically used only for rare blood types[2] or for transfusion of neonates[3].
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Sperry, McKay, Annie Busath, Michael Ottesen, Jacob Heslington, and Nathan Crane. "Post-Processing and Material Properties of Nylon 12 Prepared by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69053.
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Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a fabrication process in the Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) family of additive manufacturing. The key advantage to L-PBF over other manufacturing methods is design flexibility. Additional design flexibility, however, has previously come at the cost of reduced material properties. Polyamide 12 (PA12, Nylon 12) is a semicrystalline polymer with thermophysical properties that make it ideal for L-PBF. Although L-PBF PA12 has tensile strength comparable to injection molded PA12, it has substantially reduced ductility. This paper reports on a series of post-processing treatment for L-PBF of PA12 and measures their impact on strength, ductility, and density. These include annealing, cooling, and pressure treatments. The treatments resulted in PA12 parts with a wide range of properties, which could be tailored according to end-use application with up to 11% increase in strength or 19% increase in ductility.
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Milner, Justin L., Fadi Abu-Farha, and Thomas Kurfess. "The Effect of Warm Accumulative Roll Bonding and Post Process Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of CP-Ti." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1224.
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Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB), a severe plastic deformation technique, was used in this study to process commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) sheets at selected warm temperatures. Post-processing treatments at selected conditions were also performed on the ARB processed material, following each ARB processing cycle. Mechanical characterization and microstructural examination were carried out on the processed and post processed material to track the evolution of the microstructure, the changes in strength and ductility, and their relationships with regard to one another. Though the temperatures and processing conditions covered here are limited, it was found that ARB processing temperature affects the resultant flow behavior of the material. Furthermore, it was shown that post processing treatment of the ARB processed material can increase both strength and ductility of the material; the latter can be used as an effective tool for further controlling the structure and properties of the ARB-processed material.
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Goebel, Thorsten A., Christian P. Schmittner, Zhiqiang Lin, Ria G. Krämer, Malte P. Siems, Timothy O. Imogore, Daniel Richter, and S. Nolte. "Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings via Localized Femtosecond Photo-Treatment." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Waveguides and Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppm.2022.bw5a.4.
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We present the realization of phase-shifted FBGs via post-processing using ultrashort laser pulses. Herein, we study the influence of the initial FBG parameters in combination with different extensions of the post-processed region onto the spectrum.
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Jinoop, Arackal Narayanan, Christ Prakash Paul, and Kushvinder Singh Bindra. "Parametric Study on Laser Additive Manufacturing and Subsequent Post Processing of Inconel 718 Thin Walled Structures." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4798.
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Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) is one of the greener routes for fabrication of Inconel 718 (IN718) components. In the present work, Taguchi L9 array based optimization is performed using grey relational analysis to optimize the process parameters for the fabrication of thin walled structures using a 2 kW fibre laser based additive manufacturing system. Within the framework of the experimental conditions of the study, the LAM processing parameters, i.e., laser power, scan speed and powder feed rate, are optimized for minimum width and maximum height. The optimized parameters are used for the deposition of multi-layered walls and it is subjected to heat treatment at 1000 °C for duration of one-hour, followed by water quenching. Comprehensive investigations on microstructural and mechanical behaviour using optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, micro-hardness and automated ball indentation (ABI) are carried out. Microstructure examinations of LAM deposits of IN718 reveal intermixed dendritic and cellular structures. However, homogenization in microstructure is observed through heat treatment resulting in reduced micro-hardness. It is also observed that there is considerable increase in the crystallite size of the deposits after heat treatment. This study opens a new route for fabrication of thin walled structures using LAM with modified properties by erasing the thermal history through heat treatment.
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Wilden, J., J. P. Bergmann, and A. Emmel. "Short-Pulse Laser Post Processing of PTA and Thermal Sprayed Wear and Corrosion Resistant Coatings." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p0332.
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Abstract Laser post treatment is a well known procedure in order to homogenize the geometry, the microstructure and aspect of the surface of thermal sprayed coatings. Furthermore the properties of coatings, as for example corrosion resistance can be improved, as a sealing layer is induced by remelting. High power laser sources as CO2-, Nd:YAG as well as diode laser are used for this aim. They allow a very deep remelting zone in a depth-range between 0,2-2 mm. Contemporarily the hard phases as well carbides in the coating degenerate due to the very high heat input and the wear resistance of the coating decreases. Short-pulse laser are very advantageous for processing surfaces in a very narrow band (under 50 µm). Applications are nowadays developed for the surface treatment of aluminium cylinder running surfaces and of titanium implants. The short-pulse laser post processing can be a very profitable methods to improve the behaviour of coatings without damaging hard phases. Investigations on remelting of PTA- and thermal sprayed coatings with a Nd:YAG-short-puls laser and with an excimer laser are reported in this paper. Surface quality as for example roughness of PTA-coatings with tungsten carbides (NiCrBSi+60%WSC) could be improved and a slight surface sealing layer was induced. Depending on the adopted laser system, different surface roughness profiles can be reached. In further investigations the suitability of the method was proven for thermally sprayed coatings of NiCrBSi
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Manoj, M., R. G. Burela, D. Dzhurinskiy, A. Babu, A. Gupta, and D. Harursampath. "Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis of the Laser Heat Treatment of WC-17Co Thermally Sprayed Coating." In ITSC2022. DVS Media GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2022p0928.
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Abstract In recent years, laser-based post-processing of thermally sprayed coatings has gained significant attention as an alternative post-processing route; to mitigate the microstructural defects such as pores, microcracks, and splat boundaries associated with thermally sprayed coatings. Optimisation of the parameters for the laser post-processing is of paramount importance to maintain the required properties of these coatings. The current thermo-mechanical model simulates the impact of laser heat treatment on thermally sprayed Tungsten Carbide Cobalt (WC-17Co) coating and AISI 316L as substrate. A sequentially coupled transient thermal and structural analysis is performed. Transient temperature field from thermal analysis due to laser source will become input loads for the subsequent stress-strain analysis with appropriate boundary conditions. Both the coating and substrate are given temperature-dependent material properties. A gaussian heat flux distribution is used to model the laser source. The finite element analysis results underline the importance of temperature gradients and the presence of thermally induced stress-strain fields responsible for promoting coating degradation. The obtained results also revealed that heat input and dimensional characteristics play a vital role in the annealing treatment's efficacy. Three separate test cases were considered wherein the hatch spacing was varied, keeping the other parameters (scan speed, laser power, and laser spot diameter) constant. The impact of hatch spacing on the temperature and residual stress distribution across the coating was assessed by this simulation. Residual compressive stress was observed in the coating for two out of the three test cases, which further improved the durability of the coating.
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Heidari, Hoda, and Andreas Krause. "Preventing Disparate Treatment in Sequential Decision Making." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/311.
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We study fairness in sequential decision making environments, where at each time step a learning algorithm receives data corresponding to a new individual (e.g. a new job application) and must make an irrevocable decision about him/her (e.g. whether to hire the applicant) based on observations made so far. In order to prevent cases of disparate treatment, our time-dependent notion of fairness requires algorithmic decisions to be consistent: if two individuals are similar in the feature space and arrive during the same time epoch, the algorithm must assign them to similar outcomes. We propose a general framework for post-processing predictions made by a black-box learning model, that guarantees the resulting sequence of outcomes is consistent. We show theoretically that imposing consistency will not significantly slow down learning. Our experiments on two real-world data sets illustrate and confirm this finding in practice.
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Aldwell, Barry, Ben Hunter, Richard Jenkins, and Rocco Lupoi. "Fundamental Investigation Into the Effects of In-process Heat Treatment in Cold Spray." In ITSC2018, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Li, T. Eden, K. Shinoda, T. Hussain, F. L. Toma, Y. C. Lau, and J. Veilleux. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2018p0227.
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Abstract Cold spray is a technology with great potential for additive manufacturing applications. Due to the high levels of plastic deformation experienced by the powder during the coating process, any deposit will require heat treatment post-spraying to improve ductility and fatigue strength. In extreme cases, the residual stresses from coating can cause delamination or compromise the bond strength when subsequent cold spray layers are deposited. This work details the use of a commercial CO2 laser cutter to perform a surface heat treatment on single lines of cold sprayed aluminium, to relieve residual stresses. The effect of laser power and traverse speed on material hardness is quantified, and compared with as sprayed deposits. The results shown in this work demonstrate the potential for in-process heat treatment to reduce post-processing time and improve coating quality by reducing residual stresses.
Reports on the topic "Post-processing treatment"
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Ovalle, Samuel, E. Viamontes, and Tony Thomas. Optimization of DLP 3D Printed Ceramic Parts. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009776.
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Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing allows for the creation of parts with advanced engineering materials and geometries difficult to produce through conventional manufacturing techniques. Photosensitive resin monomers are activated with a UV-producing LCD screen to polymerize, layer by layer, forming the desired part. With the right mixture of photosensitive resin and advanced engineering powder material, useful engineering-grade parts can be produced. The Bison 1000 is a research-grade DLP printer that permits the user to change many parameters, in order to discover an optimal method for producing 3D parts of any material of interest. In this presentation, the process parameter optimization and their influence on the 3D printed parts through DLP technique will be discussed. The presentation is focused on developing 3D printable slurry, printing of complex ceramic lattice structures, as well as post heat treatment of these DLP-produced parts.
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KHAIRALLAH, Sara, and EL HARROUDI Tijani. Delayed coloanal anastomosis technique in the management of low-lying rectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0002.
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Review question / Objective: Is there a difference in terms of post-operative events between delayed and immediate coloanal anastomoses in the management of rectum carcinoma? Condition being studied: Rectal carcinoma. Eligibility criteria: We defined the lower rectum as any rectal tumor located within 6cm of the anal margin or within 2cm of the upper edge of the sphincter ring.- All scientific articles published or not published between 01/1985 and 09/2021 that aim to demonstrate the postoperative, oncological and functional results of ACAD in the curative treatment of adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum or rectal cancer including the lower rectum.- Scientific articles that discuss case series treated with ACAD in different benign or malignant pathologies, but where patient data and results of this procedure are well individualized in patients operated on rectal adenocarcinoma. - Abstracts of conference sessions, theses or unpublished articles (grey literature) with complete data, allowing their extraction and processing in our review.Translated with http://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version).
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Hamlin, Alexandra, Erik Kobylarz, James Lever, Susan Taylor, and Laura Ray. Assessing the feasibility of detecting epileptic seizures using non-cerebral sensor. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42562.
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This paper investigates the feasibility of using non-cerebral, time-series data to detect epileptic seizures. Data were recorded from fifteen patients (7 male, 5 female, 3 not noted, mean age 36.17 yrs), five of whom had a total of seven seizures. Patients were monitored in an inpatient setting using standard video electroencephalography (vEEG), while also wearing sensors monitoring electrocardiography, electrodermal activity, electromyography, accelerometry, and audio signals (vocalizations). A systematic and detailed study was conducted to identify the sensors and the features derived from the non-cerebral sensors that contribute most significantly to separability of data acquired during seizures from non-seizure data. Post-processing of the data using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) shows that seizure data are strongly separable from non-seizure data based on features derived from the signals recorded. The mean area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for each individual patient that experienced a seizure during data collection, calculated using LDA, was 0.9682. The features that contribute most significantly to seizure detection differ for each patient. The results show that a multimodal approach to seizure detection using the specified sensor suite is promising in detecting seizures with both sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the study provides a means to quantify the contribution of each sensor and feature to separability. Development of a non-electroencephalography (EEG) based seizure detection device would give doctors a more accurate seizure count outside of the clinical setting, improving treatment and the quality of life of epilepsy patients.
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Blumwald, Eduardo, and Avi Sadka. Citric acid metabolism and mobilization in citrus fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587732.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Accumulation of citric acid is a major determinant of maturity and fruit quality in citrus. Many citrus varieties accumulate citric acid in concentrations that exceed market desires, reducing grower income and consumer satisfaction. Citrate is accumulated in the vacuole of the juice sac cell, a process that requires both metabolic changes and transport across cellular membranes, in particular, the mitochondrial and the vacuolar (tonoplast) membranes. Although the accumulation of citrate in the vacuoles of juice cells has been clearly demonstrated, the mechanisms for vacuolar citrate homeostasis and the components controlling citrate metabolism and transport are still unknown. Previous results in the PIs’ laboratories have indicated that the expression of a large number of a large number of proteins is enhanced during fruit development, and that the regulation of sugar and acid content in fruits is correlated with the differential expression of a large number of proteins that could play significant roles in fruit acid accumulation and/or regulation of acid content. The objectives of this proposal are: i) the characterization of transporters that mediate the transport of citrate and determine their role in uptake/retrieval in juice sac cells; ii) the study of citric acid metabolism, in particular the effect of arsenical compounds affecting citric acid levels and mobilization; and iii) the development of a citrus fruit proteomics platform to identify and characterize key processes associated with fruit development in general and sugar and acid accumulation in particular. The understanding of the cellular processes that determine the citrate content in citrus fruits will contribute to the development of tools aimed at the enhancement of citrus fruit quality. Our efforts resulted in the identification, cloning and characterization of CsCit1 (Citrus sinensis citrate transporter 1) from Navel oranges (Citrus sinesins cv Washington). Higher levels of CsCit1 transcripts were detected at later stages of fruit development that coincided with the decrease in the juice cell citrate concentrations (Shimada et al., 2006). Our functional analysis revealed that CsCit1 mediates the vacuolar efflux of citrate and that the CsCit1 operates as an electroneutral 1CitrateH2-/2H+ symporter. Our results supported the notion that it is the low permeable citrateH2 - the anion that establishes the buffer capacity of the fruit and determines its overall acidity. On the other hand, it is the more permeable form, CitrateH2-, which is being exported into the cytosol during maturation and controls the citrate catabolism in the juice cells. Our Mass-Spectrometry-based proteomics efforts (using MALDI-TOF-TOF and LC2- MS-MS) identified a large number of fruit juice sac cell proteins and established comparisons of protein synthesis patterns during fruit development. So far, we have identified over 1,500 fruit specific proteins that play roles in sugar metabolism, citric acid cycle, signaling, transport, processing, etc., and organized these proteins into 84 known biosynthetic pathways (Katz et al. 2007). This data is now being integrated in a public database and will serve as a valuable tool for the scientific community in general and fruit scientists in particular. Using molecular, biochemical and physiological approaches we have identified factors affecting the activity of aconitase, which catalyze the first step of citrate catabolism (Shlizerman et al., 2007). Iron limitation specifically reduced the activity of the cytosolic, but not the mitochondrial, aconitase, increasing the acid level in the fruit. Citramalate (a natural compound in the juice) also inhibits the activity of aconitase, and it plays a major role in acid accumulation during the first half of fruit development. On the other hand, arsenite induced increased levels of aconitase, decreasing fruit acidity. We have initiated studies aimed at the identification of the citramalate biosynthetic pathway and the role(s) of isopropylmalate synthase in this pathway. These studies, especially those involved aconitase inhibition by citramalate, are aimed at the development of tools to control fruit acidity, particularly in those cases where acid level declines below the desired threshold. Our work has significant implications both scientifically and practically and is directly aimed at the improvement of fruit quality through the improvement of existing pre- and post-harvest fruit treatments.