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Journal articles on the topic 'Post positivist'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Bukhori, K. A. "Pergeseran Paradigma Hukum." Medina-Te : Jurnal Studi Islam 14, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/medinate.v14i1.2353.

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Positivists may declare that metaphysics (transcendental) is dead, but now it is logical positivism that first died. It is remarkable that the era of Muslim, Jewish and Christian theist thinkers is now again engaged in a vast exploration of the idea of "God's hypothesis." This paper will try to describe the law and spiritualism. The study of law here is meant to describe law or law through the approach of historical perspective, namely in the era of positivism that gave birth to modern law in liberal society. At such times spiritual values which include: moral ethics and religion are not in place so that modern law experiences a spiritual crisis. In its development, there emerged a positivist critical thinking movement which sought to escape and sue positivist thought. Positivis boleh saja mengumumkan bahwa metafisika (transcendental) sudah mati, akan tetapi kini justru positivisme logislah yang duluan mati. Sangat menarik perhatian bahwa era pemikir teisme dari Muslim, Yahudi dan Kristen kini kembali terlibat dalam eksplorasi yang sangat luas terhadap gagasan “hipotesis Tuhan”. Tulisan ini akan mencoba menggambarkan hukum dan spiritualisme. Kajian hukum di sini dimaksudkan untuk menggambarkan hukum atau ilmu hukum melalui pendekatan perspektif historis, yakni pada era positivisme yang melahirkan hukum modern pada masyarakat liberal. Pada saat semacam itu nilai-nilai spiritual yang meliputi: etika moral dan agama tidak mendapat tempat sehingga hukum modern mengalami krisis spiritual. Dalam perkembangannya kemudian muncul gerakan pemikiran kritis yang post positivis yang berupaya untuk melepaskan diri dan menggugat pemikiran positivis.

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2

Petroski, Karen. "Is Post-Positivism Possible?" German Law Journal 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 663–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017053.

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In some of his last published works, Neil MacCormick began to refer to his theoretical position as “post-positivist.” In light of the widely perceived limitations of the “positivist” label, this self-identification might seem prudent. Was it anything more? Was MacCormick's position really post-positivist? In this paper, I argue that it was not, but that this need not be viewed as a failing of MacCormick's work, since there is a sense in which modern jurisprudence cannot and need not hope to become generally post-positivist. More specifically, given the institutional context in which legal scholarship is produced, positivism is likely to be an inevitable (if not necessarily dominant) mode of theorizing about law. Yet much informative work remains to be done under the positivist rubric—not just along the lines suggested by MacCormick, but along others as well.

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Faraj, Anwar M., and Tara T. Othman. "Post Positivism and Theoretical Debates in International Relations." Journal of University of Human Development 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v4n2y2018.pp61-68.

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This research deals with the problem of the failure of the positivist-rationalist theories of international relations (realism and liberalism) in predicting the end of the Cold War era and a deep understanding of the transformations that have taken place in the field of international relations. This has paved the way for the post- positivist trends, to show their influence in the fourth debate, and demonstrating their response to the challenges of the fifth debate in IR theories. Post-positivism rejected the using of the standards of proof associated with natural sciences in international relations in order to reach similar levels of interpretation, certainty and prediction. The post-positivists participated in the two last great debates of IR theories by emphasizing a number of points, the most important of which were: re-evaluation of the theories based on rational choice, review of the role and functions of theories: description, interpretation and prediction, Non-linearity as a description of contemporary international relations, and the inability of causation to explain the contemporary international relations.

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4

WENDT, ALEXANDER. "On the Via Media: a response to the critics." Review of International Studies 26, no. 1 (January 2000): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500001650.

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Can the study of ideas in international politics be made scientifically respectable? The question is central to the Third Debate, yet the dominant voices in the ‘debate’ seem oddly to agree. ‘Positivists’ are sceptical because ideas seem ephemeral, difficult to measure, and generally resistant to hard science. As a result, positivist theories of international politics tend to favour seemingly more objective material factors like military and economic capabilities, and only bring in ideas as a last resort. In this way positivist epistemology shapes international ontology. Against this tendency, ‘post-positivists’ argue that it is simply a mistake to think that ideas can or should be studied in the same way we study physical objects. Ontology should determine epistemology, not vice versa. However, in developing this important insight many post-positivists have gone further, to efface any connection between their subsequent work and science—Understanding versus Explanation. The ironic result is to echo the positivist feeling that the study of ideas cannot be made scientifically respectable.

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Eun, Yong-Soo. "To what extent is post-positivism ‘practised’ in International Relations? Evidence from China and the USA." International Political Science Review 38, no. 5 (June 15, 2016): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512116642222.

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It is now more than three decades since various post-positivist approaches were introduced into the discipline of International Relations (IR) by scholars launching ‘massive attacks’ on positivism. However, many continue to express concern about the ‘marginalization’ of post-positivist scholarship within IR, while others discuss how and why ‘theoretical proliferation’ has come about in the field, convinced that IR is ‘a plural, and pluralist, field.’ Neither group, however, offers the empirical evidence needed to sustain its argument. To provide such evidence, this article undertakes an empirical investigation of the extent to which post- positivist research is practised in contemporary IR, examining publishing and teaching practices in American IR, and the rapidly emerging Chinese IR community. The findings of this investigation will be useful in broadening the debate about theoretical diversity in the discipline.

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6

Barbara, Foley. "Post-Positivist Realism." Comparative Literature: East & West 7, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2006.12015352.

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7

Xue, Zhiying. "The Affiliation between Feminist Intellectual Paradigms in IPE and Post-positivism." SHS Web of Conferences 148 (2022): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214803020.

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The development of feminist IPE theory has been profoundly influenced by new schools of thought that have emerged since the Second World War, and in turn has had an impact on the world’s political economy. The critique of positivism in particular has led to an increased emphasis on post-positivist theory, and this paper argues that post-positivist ideas are consistent with the developmental lineage of feminist IPE and have guided feminist IPE. Feminist theory represents a new research path that has added a gender perspective to the field of IPE. Feminist theory has developed over the course of a complex and long process. In the sphere of IPE, feminist theory has addressed issues ranging from a critique of the absence of female perspectives on gender inequality in international relations to an attempt to bring gender issues into the global sphere more broadly. Whether from an intellectual paradigm or epistemological perspective, experience and integration have been longstanding themes in feminism. This article examines the intimate links between feminist IPE theory and post-positivist theory, analyses the content of feminism’s existing paradigms and processes of knowledge construction, and explores the development , current status and limitations of feminist IPE theory.

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8

Schauer, Frederick. "Positivism Before Hart." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 24, no. 2 (July 2011): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900005270.

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Many contemporary practitioners of analytic jurisprudence take their understanding of legal positivism largely from Hart, and the debates about legal positivism exist largely in a post-Hartian world. But if we examine carefully the writings and motivations of Bentham and even Austin, we will discover that there are good historical grounds for treating both a normative version of positivism and a version more focused on legal decision-making as entitled to at least co-equal claims on the positivist tradition. And even if we conceive of the inquiry in philosophical and not historical terms, there are reasons to doubt the view that a theory of the nature of law is the exclusive understanding of the core commitment of legal positivism. Positivism as a descriptive theory of the nature of law is important, but so too is positivism as a normative theory about the preferable attitude of society or theorists, and so too is positivism as a normative or descriptive theory of adjudication and other forms of legal decision-making. Those who understand positivism and the positivist tradition as being more normative or more adjudication-focused than the contemporary understanding allows are thus committing neither historical or philosophical mistakes, and little would be lost were we to recognize the multiple important contemporary manifestations of the legal positivist tradition.

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Rytövuori-Apunen, Helena. "Forget ‘Post-Positivist’ IR!" Cooperation and Conflict 40, no. 2 (June 2005): 147–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836705052240.

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Korkmaz, Selma. "Study of Positivist and Post-Positivist Views based on Instructional Design Models and Learning Approaches." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (March 22, 2017): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjhss.v3i3.1546.

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Gefen, David. "A Post-Positivist Answering Back." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 50, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 12–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3353401.3353404.

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12

Shaposhnikov, Vladislav A. "Kuhn, Lakatos, and the Historical Turn in the Philosophy of Mathematics." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 59, no. 4 (2022): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202259464.

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The paper deals with Kuhn’s and Lakatos’s ideas related to the so-called “historical turn” and its application to the philosophy of mathematics. In the first part the meaning of the term “postpositivism” is specified. If we lack such a specification we can hardly discuss the philosophy of science that comes “after postpositivism”. With this end in view, the metaphor of “generations” in the philosophy of science is used. It is proposed that we restrict the use of the term “post-positivism” to two and only two philosophical “generations”: the one to which Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend belong, and the previous “generation” to which Wittgenstein, Polanyi, Popper and Quine (as well as the major part of logical positivists) belong. From this point of view, Bloor, Latour, Pickering, Daston and Galison belong to the “third generation” which represents the philosophy of science “after post-positivism”. The characteristic feature of post-positivism is the combination of decisive impact of logical positivism and its severe criticism. This combination inevitably makes post-positivism a transitional form in the philosophy of science. In the second part the contribution of the “big four” of post-positivist philosophers (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, and Feyerabend) to the radical change in the philosophy of mathematics in the second half of the 20th century is analyzed. Primarily, they shifted philosophical interest from the logical analysis of formal systems to the historical dynamics of informal mathematics. They also reconsidered the sharp opposition between mathematics and the physical sciences. However, the transitional character of their philosophy manifests itself both in their treatment of mathematics and their way of understanding history. On the one hand, their “heritage” is ambiguous, on the other hand, it opens new perspectives. Neither Kuhn, nor Lakatos, have eliminated completely the methodological barrier positing the fundamental heterogeneity of mathematics and natural science. Neither Lakatos, nor Kuhn, adhered to the viewpoint of relentless historicism. Nevertheless, it is their work that has made these options open for today’s historians and philosophers of science, even for philosophers of mathematics.

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13

Cooper, Marilyn M. "Distinguishing Critical and Post-Positivist Research." College Composition and Communication 48, no. 4 (December 1997): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/358458.

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14

Dryzek, John S. "A Post-Positivist Policy-Analytic Travelogue." Good Society 11, no. 1 (2002): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gso.2002.0004.

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15

Zammito, John H. "The “Last Dogma” of Positivism: Historicist Naturalism and the Fact/Value Dichotomy." Journal of the Philosophy of History 6, no. 3 (2012): 305–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341235.

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Abstract Has the emergence of post-positivism in philosophy of science changed the terms of the “is/ought” dichotomy? If it has demonstrated convincingly that there are no “facts” apart from the theoretical frames and evaluative standards constructing them, can such a cordon sanitaire really be upheld between “facts” and values? The point I wish to stress is that philosophy of science has had a central role in constituting and imposing the fact/value dichotomy and a revolution in the philosophy of science should not leave the dichotomy unaffected. The connection between post-positivism and naturalism will be my guiding thread in considering this “last dogma of positivism.” First this essay will specify the sense of naturalism that it will take to be essential to the post-positivist philosophy of science: the deflation of the notion of the “purity” of scientific knowledge. Then it will turn to the question of the implications that follow for the “autonomy” of ethics, including the danger posed by a new form of scientistic reductionism.

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Mikhailov, Anton Mikhailovich. "Understanding the Rule of Law in the Positivist Doctrine of J. Times." Право и политика, no. 9 (September 2022): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2022.9.38771.

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The subject of the present paper is the interpretation of the doctrine of the rule of law in the teaching of the leading representative of exclusive legal positivism, Joseph Raz (1939 - 2022). The importance of analysing the doctrine of the rule of law in this perspective lies in the fact that such a study is able to identify the fundamental ideas of the positivist understanding of law and the rule of law from the standpoint of the post-Hartian stage of its evolution. The article reveals two main approaches to understanding the rule of law in modern British legal literature - material and formal concepts. Raz's views on the rule of law are compared with the classical ideas of A.V. Dicey, the principles of the "inner morality" of law by L.L. Fuller and the position of F.A. von Hayek. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the Russian legal literature an attempt has been made to reveal the differences between formal and material concepts of the rule of law in British jurisprudence. Raz's arguments about the nature and goals of the rule of law are not generally accepted in English constituional doctrine, but are quite indicative of the position of post-Hartian legal positivism on the problem of building a stable and predictable legal order. On the one hand, the principles of the rule of law revealed in the teachings of Raz relate exclusively to the legal form, which is generally characteristic of the neo-positivism of the XX century. On the other hand, sociological attitudes can also be distinguished in Raz's teaching, which allows to assert that post-Hartian legal positivism combines a number of ideas of "classical" and "sociological" positivism.

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Heinze, Eric. "The Status of Classical Natural Law: Plato and the Parochialism of Modern Theory." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 20, no. 2 (July 2007): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900004239.

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The concept of modernity has long been central to legal theory. It is an intrinsically temporal concept, expressly or implicitly defined in contrast to pre-modernity. Legal theorists sometimes draw comparisons between, on the one hand, various post-Renaissance positivist, liberal, realist or critical theories, and, on the other hand, the classical natural law or justice theories of antiquity or the middle ages, including such figures as Aristotle, Cicero, Augustine or Aquinas. Many theorists, however, while acknowledging superficial differences among the various classical theories, fail to appreciate the variety and complexity of pre-modern thought. Unduly simplifying pre-modern understandings of law, they end up drawing false distinctions between modern and pre-modern legal theory. The pre-modern example considered in this article is Plato. Unlike scholars within the Humanities, who have continued to revise their approaches to pre-modern thought (often reflecting changes in ethical or political thought today), legal theorists, including many who claim to challenge much of traditional positivism, have scarcely moved beyond traditional positivists’ ahistorical and reductionist views.

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18

Silva, Leiser. "Post-positivist Review of Technology Acceptance Model." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 8, no. 4 (April 2007): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00121.

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ISAAC, JOEL. "DONALD DAVIDSON AND THE ANALYTIC REVOLUTION IN AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY, 1940–1970." Historical Journal 56, no. 3 (August 5, 2013): 757–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x13000095.

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ABSTRACTHistories of analytic philosophy in the United States have typically focused on the reception of logical positivism, and especially on responses to the work of the Vienna Circle. Such accounts often call attention to the purportedly positivist-inspired marginalization of normative concerns in American philosophy: according to this story, the overweening positivist concern for logic and physics as paradigms of knowledge displaced questions of value and social relations. This article argues that the reception framework encourages us to mistake the real sources of the analytic revolution in post-war philosophy. These are to be found in debates about intentional action and practical reasoning – debates in which ‘normative’ questions of value and social action were in fact central. Discussion of these topics took place within a transatlantic community of Wittgensteinians, ordinary languages philosophers, logical empiricists, and decision theorists. These different strands of ‘analytical’ thinking were bound together into a new philosophical mainstream not by a positivist alliance with logic and physics, but by the rapid development of the mathematical and behavioural sciences during the Second World War and its immediate aftermath. An illustrative application of this new framework for interpreting the analytic revolution is found in the early career and writings of Donald Davidson.

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Makeeva, Lolita B., and Mikhail A. Smirnov. "Conceptual Schemes and Relativism." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 1 (2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps20205717.

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The idea of conceptual schemes is one of the most influential and widely used notions in contemporary philosophy. Within the analytic tradition the idea occupies a fundamental position in positivist views as well as in replacing them post-positivist conceptions. Outside the analytic tradition a similar idea is of key importance in structuralist and post-structuralist theories. Despite the broad applicability of the notion of a conceptual scheme, its precise sense is far from being evident in the context of various philosophical trends. Moreover, the well-known American philosopher Donald Davidson's position is that any clear, non-metaphorical meaning cannot be as - cribed to that notion at all – the statement which he tried to substantiate in his famous paper On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme published in 1974.The present paper is aimed, firstly, at outlining the historico-philosophical evolution of the idea of conceptual scheme, concentrating on its development in logical positivism and post-positivist theories of such philosophers as Quine, Sellars, Kuhn, et al., and, secondly, at examining Davidson's criticism of both the idea and the position of conceptual relativism which was raised on its ground, revealing the assumptions which that criticism relies on and which concern relations between language and thought, truth and translation, as well as the role of the scheme-content dualism for empiricism and the place of extensionalism in semantics, etc. Our purpose, on the one hand, is to evaluate the historico-philosophical significance of Davidson's criticism; on the other hand, it is to show that his critical arguments remain to be actual since they shed a new light on the idea of conceptual schemes and allow us to determine their place in tackling the fundamental philosophical question of a relation between reality, thought and language.

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Korkmaz, Selma. "Study of Positivist and Post-Positivist Views based on Instructional Design Models and Learning Approaches." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (March 22, 2017): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v3i3.1546.

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Instructional design system is preferred for the acquisition of knowledge in the best way and permanent learning. Therefore, several models and approaches were developed in order to achieve the best version of the system. This study determined efficiency levels of these instructional designs based on positivist and post-positivist views in the light of information in the literature considering ARCS, ADDIE, ASSURE, Project-based Learning, Problem-based Learning and Cognitive Apprenticeship. As a result, it was found out that post-positivist view must be used more in order to provide educational success of students. It was also concluded that considering the characteristics of examined models and approaches, education will be more successful when these models and approaches of different views are combined.Keywords: ARCS; ADDIE; ASSURE; Project; Problem; Cognitive;

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Gales, Lawrence M. "Linguistic Sensitivity in Cross-cultural Organisational Research: Positivist/Post-positivist and Grounded Theory Approaches." Language and Intercultural Communication 3, no. 2 (October 2003): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14708470308668097.

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Faraj, Anwar Mohamed, and Tara Taha Othman. "Constructivism in International Relations: from a theory between positivism and postpositivism to the theory of the world state." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n1y2019.pp1-16.

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Constructivism emerged at the end of the Cold War and entered into IR theories debate by criticizing the rationalists (neo-liberal and neo-realist) on the one hand and critics on the other, accusing them of failing to predict and explain the end of the Cold War. While rationalists focus on material and economic factors, constructivists focus on cultural factors, the influence of ideas, norms and identities on the explanation of processes of interest formation, how to define survival and defining mechanisms of international politics, and emphasize that interest and identity interact through socio-historical processes and constitute each other. Thus, constructivism belongs to the fourth debate in the theoretical study of International Relations and it is one of the post-positivist theories, but it attempts to serve as a bridge between the positivist and post-positivist approaches. For example, if post-positivist theories are criticized, because of suffering from providing a realistic alternative versus of the description and explanation offered by rational theories, constructivism tries to overcome this criticism and it is able to provide the research program required to remove the post-positivist dilemma, by providing the practical hypotheses required by the establishment of a theory to describe and explain the reality of international relations. However, constructivism is not immune from criticism, it is accused that it does not offer anything new and exaggerates the understanding of cultural factors such as norms and identities and their impact on the reality of international relations, as well as its epistemological and methodological problems and its internal divisions between modern constructivists and postmodern constructivists.

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Malmer, Mats P. "On Theoretical Realism in Archaeology." Current Swedish Archaeology 1, no. 1 (December 28, 1993): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1993.13.

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In the 1960s the American New Archaeology recommended a logical empiricist, positivist research programme. But in philosophy positivism was by then already out of date. Also in archaeology it was much criticized, and some post-processualists ended up in total relativism. It has been maintained that we cannot attain any objective truth about the past, but have to form a subjective picture of it. But archaeology does not have to choose between positivism and relativism. A new philosphical school, theoretical realism, allows archaeologists to speak of the prehistoric past as a reality, not as a construction or a fiction. The research strategy observed by all good archaeologists since the beginning of our science in the 1830s is good and will lead to thrustworthy results.

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Cruickshank, Justin. "The Usefulness of Fallibilism in Post-Positivist Philosophy." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 37, no. 3 (September 2007): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393107303759.

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Allmendinger, Philip. "Towards a Post-Positivist Typology of Planning Theory." Planning Theory 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147309520200100105.

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Lenzholzer, Sanda, and Robert D. Brown. "Post-positivist microclimatic urban design research: A review." Landscape and Urban Planning 153 (September 2016): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.008.

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Kumm, Mattias. "Constituent power, cosmopolitan constitutionalism, and post-positivist law." International Journal of Constitutional Law 14, no. 3 (July 2016): 697–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/mow050.

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Fischer, Frank. "Beyond Empiricism: Policy Inquiry in Post positivist Perspective." Policy Studies Journal 26, no. 1 (March 1998): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1998.tb01929.x.

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Haycock, J. W. "The Crises of Marxism in Post-Positivist Perspective." Review of Radical Political Economics 24, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661349202400309.

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Scharff, Robert C. "Being Post-Positivist . . . or Just Talking About it?" Foundations of Science 18, no. 2 (December 28, 2011): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10699-011-9249-4.

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Cochran, Molly. "Deweyan Pragmatism and Post-Positivist Social Science in IR." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 31, no. 3 (July 2002): 525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298020310030801.

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McWilliam, Erica. "Towards Advocacy: post‐positivist directions for progressive teacher educators." British Journal of Sociology of Education 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0142569920130101.

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34

Raghaviah, Y. "Post-Positivist Bureaucratic Theory and the Third World Predicament." Indian Journal of Public Administration 33, no. 1 (January 1987): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119870101.

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Papacharalambous, Charis. "Criminal law’s normative aspirations in a post-positivist frame." Jurisprudence 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20403313.2018.1561086.

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Rupšienė, Liudmila. "Bronislovas Bitinas: the Most Illustrious Representative of Post-positivism in Lithuanian Educational Sciences in the Last Half of the 20th and the Beginning of the 21st Centuries." Pedagogika 124, no. 4 (December 2, 2016): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2016.49.

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Bronislovas Bitinas is well known in education sciences for his extensive work on methodology. However, none of his publications explicitly state which philosophy guides his approach to research. Scholars have argued that research methodology is dependent on the underlying philosophical assumptions; therefore, to understand the originality and contributions of specific methodology, philosophical principles guiding methodological decisions need to be examined. Given the importance of philosophy as a foundation for methodology, in this article I explore philosophical assumptions underlying B. Bitinas’ conceptualizations of educational research, as represented in his publications on methodology and in his overall scientific contributions. After a brief overview of Bitinas’ work, I outline the principles of post-positivism as a contemporary, improved, and “less arrogant” form of positivism. Examining how post-positivist principles are manifested in Bitinas’ ideas on methodology leads me to conclude that B. Bitinas is an educational researcher, whose systematic conceptualizations of methodology are congruent with the postpositivistic philosophical stance. Moreover, given the influence of his voluminous publications, Bitinas can be considered as the most illustrious educational researcher, who, in the latter half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, has systematically expanded research methodology for education sciences.

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Dubois, Dan. "The Authority of Peremptory Norms in International Law: State Consent or Natural Law?" Nordic Journal of International Law 78, no. 2 (2009): 133–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181009x431730.

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AbstractPeremptory norms, or norms jus cogens, hold a unique position in the hierarchy of international law. Unlike customary international law and treaty law, peremptory norms abide no derivation and are binding on all states regardless of their willingness to be bound by them. As a result, the authority of peremptory norms, it is argued, cannot be adequately explained by current positivist and voluntarist explanations of their authority. This article discusses the inadequacies of the positivist explanation and puts forward an alternative natural law explanation for the authority of peremptory norms which avoids the conceptual difficulties found in the positivist account. Finally, in the concluding section I address a number of potential realist and post-modernist counter arguments to my position and dismiss them as unconvincing.

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Succi Junior, David Paulo. "Missões militares, técnica e política: o emprego das forças armadas em segurança pública." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 6, no. 2 (September 14, 2017): 413–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2017.v6n2.10.p413.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o modo em que a bibliografia especializada busca explicar o constante emprego das Forças Armadas – instrumento de política externa – em missões de segurança pública na América do Sul. São identificados três níveis de explicação: internacional, regional e nacional. Defende-se que as análises podem ser agrupadas em duas lógicas explicativas – positivismo e o pós-positivismo –, as quais distinguem-se não apenas em termos teóricos, mas também, sob a ótica da teoria crítica, em relação às suas consequências políticas. Considera-se que a compreensão positivista do fenômeno em questão leva a uma subordinação da política à técnica, enquanto as análises pós-positivistas evidenciam o caráter político da escolha de envolver o instrumento militar em segurança pública. Palavras-chave: Forças Armadas; Segurança Pública; América do Sul. Abstract: The current paper aims to evaluate the way in which specialized scholars seek to clarify the constant employment of South Americans Armed Forces – foreign policy instrument – in public security. Three explanatory levels are identified: international, regional and domestic. It is argued that analyses can be classified in two logics of explanation – positivism and post positivism – that are distinguished by both its theoretical specificity and its politics implications. We sustain that rationalist explanation submits politics to technique, while post positivism analyses emphasize the political nature of the decision to involve the military in public security. Key-Word: Armed Forces; Public Security; South America. Recebido em: fevereiro/2017. Aprovado em: agosto/2017.

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Engelstad, Ericka. "Images of power and contradiction: feminist theory and post-processual archaeology." Antiquity 65, no. 248 (September 1991): 502–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080108.

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Archaeology, like many of the sciences, works to a masculine metaphor, the (male) archaeologist as hero explores and tames the mysteries of his (female) subject. Feminist theory has made important criticism of positivist science on these grounds, drawing on much the same postmodern theory as ‘post-processual’ archaeology. How do the ‘post-processuals’ appear, seen in the feminist light?

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Kingsmith and von Bargen. "‘Life finds a way’: mapping a post-positivist marxian science." Global Discourse 8, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2018.1464352.

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Jones, Charles. "Carr, Mannheim, and a Post-positivist Science of International Relations." Political Studies 45, no. 2 (June 1997): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00078.

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Recent work on Carr has looked beyond The Twenty Years' Crisis to the seeming anomaly of a political realist advocating regional integration in Western Europe, a welfare state at home, and a free hand for the USSR in Eastern Europe. Some have seen this anomaly, and Carr's successive appeasements of Germany and the USSR, as mere opportunism, but this paper finds a coherence in Carr's work deriving substantially from Mannheim. It was from Mannheim that Carr took not only the structure of The Twenty Years' Crisis, but also his characteristic post-positivist and interdisciplinary methodology, his belief in the policy role of the intellectual, his strong sense of the connectedness of foreign and domestic policy, his insistence on forms of international society that heavily discounted the sovereignty of small nations, and the besetting weaknesses of inadequately acknowledged historicism and elitism.

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Miller, Janet L. "Neo-positivist intrusions, post-qualitative challenges, and PAR’S generative indeterminacies." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 30, no. 5 (April 7, 2017): 488–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2017.1303215.

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Gamlen, Alan, and Chris McIntyre. "Mixing Methods to Explain Emigration Policies: A Post-Positivist Perspective." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 12, no. 4 (June 25, 2018): 374–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689818782822.

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Growing numbers of researchers are using mixed methods to study migration, often highlighting the practical reasons connected with policy engagement. However, in this article we emphasize epistemological and theoretical rather than purely practical reasons for using mixed methods in the study of migration. Specifically, we argue that mixed methods designs are well suited to research that attempts to explain sociopolitical action within a post-positivist epistemological framework. We provide an example of this approach in the Diaspora Engagement Policies Project, a 5-year project to explain the global proliferation of formal government institutions for emigrants and their descendants.

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Alexander, H. A. "Kaufman on Kaplan and Process Theology: A Post-Positivist Perspective." Process Studies 20, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44798644.

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Choi, Naomi. "Interpretivism in Jurisprudence: What Difference Does the Philosophy of History Make to the Philosophy of Law?" Journal of the Philosophy of History 1, no. 3 (2007): 365–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226307x229399.

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AbstractTo answer the question of what difference the philosophy of history makes to the philosophy of law this paper begins by calling attention to the way that Ronald Dworkin's interpretive theory of law is supposed to upend legal positivism. My analysis shows how divergent theories about what law and the basis of legal authority is are supported by divergent points of view about what concepts are, how they operate within social practices, and how we might best give account of such meanings. Such issues are widely debated in the philosophy of history but are often overlooked in jurisprudential circles. When the legal positivist approach to meanings is contrasted with Dworkin's interpretivism it is clear that what is needed is an alternative to both, in the form of what we might call "historical meanings" and "historical interpretation". While Dworkin's interpretivism gets it right that legal positivism is an inadequate philosophy of law to the extent that it is committed to a "criterial semantics" view of concepts, this paper argues that post-positivism in the philosophy of law need not entail a normative jurisprudence, as Dworkin would have it.

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Lamichhane, Basanta Raj. "Assessment Practices in Mathematics: Local to Global Contexts." Saptagandaki Journal 9 (August 26, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sj.v9i0.20876.

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The main purpose of this paper is to explore the present mathematics assessment practices in local and global contexts. For this, I decisively review educational policies, practices, curricular documents and contemporary researches. In doing so, I select the Finland, China, USA, as they have stood in the significant positions in an international comparative study such as TIMSS, PISA and Nepal. It reveals that the assessment practices in mathematics are not an isolated phenomenon that have been executed by an external authority at the end of the academic sessions to quantify the individual attributes relating to mathematical performances. It is largely embedded in educational activities from the very beginning and simultaneously works throughout the programme for enriching mathematical outcomes and performances of students. I capture two major trends of assessment practices of these countries; post-positivist approaches of assessment and integral approaches of assessment. The post/positivist perspective incorporates summative evaluation techniques and assessment of learning whereas integral perspectives concentrate on assessment for learning as having broad goals of reconstructing, reframing and transforming the entire programs. These trends of assessment practice largely blend with philosophy of mathematics education. The comparing and contrasting views of assessment practices would be helpful for the policy makers, educators, mathematicians and other related personnel for critically re-evaluate their respective assessment practices and thus encourage to transform the deep-rooted conventional assessment practice that is one of the major hindrance to sanction the mathematics education within the positivistic paradigm. The Sapta Gandaki JournalVol. IX, 2018 Feb. Page: 1-16

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Stoliarova, Olga. "The return of metaphysics as a subject matter of historical ontology: analytical review." Digital Scholar Philosopher s Lab 4, no. 1 (2021): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/2618-9267-2021-4-1-126-143.

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The article (the publication consists of two parts) presents an analytical and historiographical overview of the problems that are substantively related to the question of the role, meaning and historical fate of metaphysics. The author focuses on the phenomenon of the return of metaphysics to the philosophy of our time. This phenomenon is proposed to be analyzed from the viewpoint of historical ontology, which deals with the ontological presuppositions of knowledge and their historical dynamics. In the first part, the author highlights two directions of the historical development of metaphysical problems, one of which expresses the immediate metaphysical position, and the other represents the criticism of this position. The author associates criticism of metaphysics with the development of science and the philosophy of science. The author shows the difference between the “analytical” and “continental” approaches to metaphysical problems. The consideration of metaphysics as a historical phenomenon is associated with Hegel’s metaphilosophical historicism. The alternative, non-historical, consideration of metaphysics is placed in the context of empiricism and positivism. The concepts of scientific realism are defined as a kind of positivistically restricted analytical metaphysics. The author highlights three points of growth of post-positivist philosophy and pays special attention to the relationship between post-positivist philosophy of science, history of science, metaphilosophical history of ideas, and sociology of science. The author traces the gradual formation of theoretical conditions for the rehabilitation of metaphysics in these research fields. The author demonstrates that the historicization of Kant’s “transcendental subject” creates a specific epistemological perspective that joins historicism with contextualism. Within this perspective, the question of the ontological presuppositions of empirical (primarily scientific) knowledge, their development and change becomes of great importance.

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Johnstone, Ian. "Louis Sohn’s Legacy." European Journal of International Law 31, no. 2 (September 2020): 583–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa046.

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Abstract Louis Sohn was an émigré scholar who fled Poland for the USA in 1939, two weeks before the Nazis invaded. His most widely known work is World Peace through World Law, co-written with Grenville Clark, a vision for a reconstructed United Nations. Writing at a time when political realism was ascendant in the USA, Sohn was labeled an ‘idealist’. Yet a strain of pragmatism also runs through his scholarship, leading many to praise him as one of the architects of modern international law. As a scholar-practitioner with a mission to help build the post-World War II international order, little overt legal theorizing appears in his work. But a close reading reveals ideas that drew implicitly on extant theory or were developed by later theorists without reference to Sohn’s writing. To help frame the analysis, this article situates Sohn’s writing in two strands of theoretical literature: pre-positivist, positivist and ‘post-positivist’ approaches to law-making by international organizations; and functionalist, constitutionalist and deliberative approaches to the powers of, and constraints on, those organizations. Sohn does not fall neatly into any of those categories; instead, fragments of his work can be found at many points along each spectrum. While the fragments do not add up to a coherent whole, the theoretical contributions of this ‘pragmatic idealist’ are greater than meets the eye.

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Iorgulescu, Alexandra, and Mirela Teodorescu. "Communicational and Message Theory Concepts and Notions." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 42 (October 2014): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.42.133.

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Communicational and Message Theory Concepts and Notions is a book of high intellectual elevation and high expression of ideas of Professor Stefan Vlăduţescu from University of Craiova-Romania, published by Editura Sitech, Craiova, Romania. Communication sciences refers to the schools of scientific research of human communication. This perspective follows the logical positivist tradition of inquiry; most modern communication science falls into a tradition of post-positivism. Thus, communication scientists believe that there is an objective and independent reality that can be accessed through the method of scientific enquiry. A scientist researcher following the zetetic method formulates the question then immediately sets to work making observations and performing experiments to answer that question. Communicational and Message Theory Concepts and Notions is a book about communication sciences in which professor Vlăduţescu approaches the subjects by zetetic method. The research was also combined with empirically traditional method to get both quantitative and qualitative results.

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Andriani, Dewi. "How can I Write Other? The Pains and Possibilities of Autoethnographic’s Research Writing Experienced by a non-Western Female Student." Journal of International Students 12, S2 (August 21, 2022): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12is2.4227.

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In this paper, I am going to explore an other kind of research writing by sharing my research journey as a PhD female student from a non-Western background experiencing research differently. Starting my study within a standard conventional methodology, I shifted my research to a non-traditional mode of doctoral research writing called autoethnography. I employ writing as a method of inquiry (Richardson & St Pierre, 2005) where I can center my voice, write creatively and move beyond normative, positivist and post-positivist paradigms. Following this autoethnographic path, I experienced struggles and opportunities to endeavor to push my writing beyond the limit in the field of play in a language which is not my first language.

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