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Passera, Mark. "Theorizing new media : positivist, normative and post-modern approaches." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341477.
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Cugliari, Christine Wetherholt. "A post-positivist qualitative study of philanthropic donors to Appalachian Ohio." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123771101.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 126 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-126). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Murray, Richard Thomas Congreve. "Sino-African relations : post-positivist epistemology and the new Enlightenment in politics." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3757.
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Singh, Karmjit. "Post-positivist study exploring the resettlement experience of professional Asian Indian women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1329.
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Atwater, Karen Dail. "A post-positivist study of the experience of parenting from a strengths perspective." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1195.
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In an effort to explore the multi-faceted subject of parenting in a more holistic manner, a post-positivist model of research was utilized for this study of the experience of parenting from a strengths perspective. Twelve parents were interviewed in-depth, exploring their experiences of having been parented and their experiences of parenting their own children.
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Rouse, L. Jesse. "Data points or cultural entities a GIS-based archaeological predictive model in a post-positivist framework /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1756.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 95 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-89).
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Grimes, Matthew W. "The Nature of Knowledge Change Among Students in a Peer Leadership Course." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70884.
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The following dissertation is comprised of three manuscripts presenting a theory-to-practice design for studying the nature of knowledge change. Knowledge change—as defined for this dissertation—is an exploration of the quantitative and qualitative change in how knowledge is used over a period of time. Knowledge change is derived from the broader scholarship on conceptual change; that is, how people develop, organize, and then re-organize knowledge (Vosniadou, 2013). Conceptual change has been widely used to describe the cognitive process behind how a novice acquires and organizes knowledge in order to become an expert (Carey, 1985), particularly in the hard sciences (e.g. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, or 'STEM' subjects) (Vosniadou, 2008, 2013). However, more recent research has been dedicated to establishing the need to explore conceptual change in the social sciences (Murphy and Alexander, 2008). The present research was designed to explore knowledge change as one specific component of the conceptual change process. The research is presented in three manuscripts. The first manuscript details how the researcher blended conceptual change learning with the disciplinary domain of the present study, leadership studies. The second manuscript chronicles the design of a continuous case study, the primary tool for data collection used in the present study, as well as the methodology used. The third and final manuscript offers an overview of the first study undertaken using the collected data; that is, an exploration of the nature of knowledge change within an undergraduate peer leadership course.Ph. D.
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Molina, André Araújo. "Teoria dos princípios trabalhistas: a inserção do direito do trabalho no modelo metodológico pós-positivista." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9034.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-18Law as a social phenomenon may be object of study in various knowledge fields, depending on the observer s view. Jurists have always tried to answer What are rights? (object of Juridical Science), as well as what the best methods for this study are. Two big groups were formed. On one side the jusnaturalists; on the other side those who deny the existence of rights besides the positive right, making the object of law science coincide with the law imposed at certain time and space. This second group is called the positivists. Recently, a third way has been built embedded in the idea that rights are not only based on rules, as positivists want, but on rules and principles. This is an intermediary methodological position which does not deny some of the positivist theses, but aims to resume moral in Law through principles. In Brazil, this position is called postpositivist. In our point of view, only the post-positivist method is appropriate to give concreteness to the constituent ideas, creating a mechanism for enforcement of fundamental rights, because they have a framework of principles. And the Labor Law, which is inserted in the frame of the Constitution, also seeks for a new method of interpretation and application that is the post-positivist, as it is lavish in ensuring fundamental rights and the conflict between social and liberal ideals. The objective of this work is to insert the Brazilian Labor Law in the postpositivist methodology model, mainly using the principle of proportionality to consider principles in cases of collision. Therefore we analyzed the formation of labor law, showing its social-marxist origin as well as that the positivist method employed by the near unanimity of the users of labor law no longer meets the complexities of postmodernity and the guidelines of the Constitution
O direito como fenômeno social pode ser objeto de estudo nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento, conforme o recorte dado pelo observador. Os juristas sempre tentaram responder o que é o direito? (objeto da Ciência Jurídica), bem como quais os métodos mais adequados para esse estudo. Dois grandes grupos se formaram. De um lado os jusnaturalistas; de outro lado, os que negam a existência de direitos além do direito positivo, fazendo coincidir o objeto da ciência do direito com a legislação posta em dado momento temporal e espacial. Esse último grupo é o positivista. Recentemente, uma terceira via vem sendo pavimentada, a partir da idéia de que o direito não é formado apenas de regras, como querem os positivistas, mas de regras e princípios. Trata-se de uma posição metodológica intermediária, que não nega algumas das teses do positivismo, mas busca a retomada da moral no direito, por intermédio dos princípios. Essa posição foi, no Brasil, batizada de pós-positivista. A nosso ver, apenas o método pós-positivista é o adequado a dar concretude ao ideário constituinte, criando um mecanismo de aplicação dos direitos fundamentais, os quais possuem a estrutura de princípios. E o Direito do Trabalho, inserido que está na moldura da Constituição, também reclama um novo método de interpretação e aplicação, qual seja o pós-positivista, na medida em que é pródigo na garantia de direitos fundamentais e no conflito entre ideais sociais e liberais. O objetivo da dissertação é inserir o Direito do Trabalho brasileiro no modelo metodológico pós-positivista, principalmente utilizando o princípio da proporcionalidade para ponderar princípios em casos de colisão. Para tanto analisamos a formação do direito do trabalho, demonstrando sua raiz social-marxista, bem como que o método positivista empregado pela quase unanimidade dos aplicadores do direito laboral não mais atende às complexidades da pós-modernidade e as diretrizes da Constituição
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Adams, Patricia Lesley, and n/a. "The Implications for Artistic Expressions and Representations of Corporeality of the Experimental Techniques of Biomedical Engineering." Griffith University. Queensland College of Art, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060707.144314.
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While biological scientists justify their research into human genetic engineering on the grounds of its 'therapeutic' potential, art - particularly the genre of science fiction (whose origins can be traced to Mary Shelly's famous tale, Frankenstein) - has acted on the social through culture to alert us to the perilous repercussions of usurping the role of the 'Creator of Life.' Now, at the dawn of the new millennium, the scientific project of mapping human DNA seemingly complete, the plight of the genetically-engineered human has become an intense focus of cultural critique. This doctoral project can be differentiated by its focus on aesthetic inquiry into the implications for expressions and representations of corporeality in relation to contemporary biomedical engineering. It has incorporated stem cell research that entails the manipulation and redirection of adult stem cell fates. The project takes the form of practical and theoretical investigations into cellular responses, and is framed within the matrices of both an innovative collaborative art/science research model and the evolving process of practice-led arts research. The exploratory research is discursively located within the system/environment paradigm. This allows for boundaries between the philosophic and scientific disciplines of: 1. epistemology, 2. ethics and aesthetics and 3. biology and technology to become nodes in a relational network associated with: 1. living and non-living, 2. sentience and consciousness and 3. conceptions of humanness. The cycle of practice-led research culminates in a body of work that began with a project entitled apoptosis, and developed into a three part quasi-scientific vital force series of installations. Each of these installations references nineteenth century scientific experimental processes employed in a search for the essential components of the human being itself. The series of interactive installations is discussed and the processual, pioneering research model, whereby the artist becomes the 'human guinea pig' is theoretically and visually articulated. In addition, time-lapse videomicrograph image data, collected through laboratory experiments is interpreted and recontextualised by the artist-researcher for representation in the vital force series of immersive installations. In these installations the implications of the issues raised by biomedical engineering processes are expressed as a very physical, tactile encounter. The aim is that these encounters engender a multi-sensory experience for the individual viewer, who, when immersed in the aesthetic, corporeal, interactive installations as a participant who completes the work through their engagement. Thus, the significance of the study lies in its re-privileging of the aesthetic experience of corporeality in the discourses surrounding genetic manipulation. This exegesis, like the doctoral project itself, is cyclical; following the inseparable processes of theory and practice through which the implications of the core research issues for a hybrid art/science practice are explored. It echoes the qualitative, post-positivist research methodology used throughout the project, which aimed to overcome the third person perspective through such strategies as interactivity and hybridity.
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Бокало, Н. І., and N. I. Bokalo. "Формування і розвиток ідеї рівності в праві: філософсько-правовий вимір: дисертація." Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2014. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/736.
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Бокало Н. І. Формування і розвиток ідеї рівності в праві: філософсько-правовий вимір: дисертаяці на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.12 – філософія права / Бокало Наталія Іванівна. - Львів: Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2014. - 205 с.Філософсько-правове розуміння ґенези ідеї рівності в праві осмислено, керуючись основними філософсько-правовими типами праворозуміння. Комплексний підхід до типології праворозуміння дозволив простежити розвиток ідеї рівності у класичному (природно-правовому і позитивістському) праворозумінні та посткласичному праворозумінні. За природноправового підходу дослідження ідеї рівності у праві представлено світським та релігійним праворозумінням. У позитивістському праворозумінні ідея рівності у праві розглядається у межах юридичного позитивізму, соціологічного, психологічного та класового (марксистського) підходів. У посткласичному праворозумінні ідея рівності досліджується в межах комунітарного, комунікативного, лібертарного-юридичного та феміністичного підходів.Philosophical-legal understanding of genesis of the idea of equality in law guided by the basic philosophy and legal types of legal thinking investigated. An integrated approach to the typology of legal thinking allowed to trace the idea of equality development in the classical (natural law and positivist) and postclassical legal thinking. In the natural law approach of legal thinking the idea of equality in the law is represented by secular and religious thinking. In the positivistic legal thinking the idea of equality in law is regarded within legal positivism, sociological, psychological and Marxist approaches. In the postclassical legal thinking the idea of equality is investigated within the communitarian, communication, libertarian and feminist approaches.
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Franco, Rita Maria Borges. "O ato administrativo ambiental: parâmetros para a sua produção no pós-positivismo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19758.
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The thesis developed in the present study arises from the insight of an existing contemporary environmental crisis and the need to reexamine, decade after decade, the relationship between man and nature. In view of this insight, the thesis aims to examine the possibility of finding responses to the aspirations of the society through the environmental law, especially as regards the safeguard of the ecologically sustained environment, as provided for by the very Federal Constitution, in its Section 225, as a condition of survival for future generations. It is in this conjuncture that the present study aims to examine the Environmental Administrative Act. The analysis is structured upon the post-positivist paradigm, which, by proposing, for instance, the distinction between text and rule, allows for the overriding of the syllogism as a mechanism of solution of legal issues and the idea of the occurrence of the law's or the lawmaker's intent and the supremacy of the public interest, besides authorizing a critical discourse to the use of discretion and the misuse of undetermined legal concepts for the solution of legal issues in the current conception of Constitutional State, which imposes that all administration acts be bound by the Constitution. As duly evidenced, the postpositivist paradigm allows to conceive a model of thinking about the law which enables us to go beyond the deficiencies identified in the legal positivism, adapting it to the advances of the philosophy of language and the very hermeneutics. Consequently, the thesis has as its objective to present a concrete concept of Environmental Administrative Act, with post-positivist characteristics, achievable only in the specific case by means of the fusion of the linguistic, extralinguistic and historic data. The Environmental Administrative Act, as a correct and adequate response to the Federal Constitution, rendered in relation to a concrete case, must constitute the legal constitutional solution for the environmental issues faced by public administration agencies with environmental administrative competence, in the exercise of the preventive or repressive safeguard, always aiming to ensure the ecological balance
A tese desenvolvida no presente estudo parte da constatação da existência de uma crise ambiental de caráter contemporâneo e da necessidade de se buscar, década após década, o reexame da relação entre o homem e a natureza. Diante dessa constatação, a tese busca examinar a possibilidade de o direito ambiental trazer respostas para anseios da sociedade, mormente no que diz respeito à salvaguarda do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, tido pela própria Constituição Federal, em seu art. 225, como condição de sobrevivência para as futuras gerações. É nessa conjuntura que o presente estudo se propõe a examinar o ato administrativo ambiental. A reflexão é estruturada a partir do paradigma pós-positivista, que, ao propor, por exemplo, a distinção entre texto e norma, permite a superação do silogismo como mecanismo de solução de questões jurídicas, a superação da ideia de superveniência da vontade da lei ou do legislador e da supremacia do interesse público, além de autorizar um discurso crítico à utilização da discricionariedade e ao mau uso de conceitos jurídicos indeterminados para a solução de questões jurídicas na atual concepção de Estado Constitucional, que impõe sejam todos os atos da administração vinculados à Constituição. Conforme se evidenciou, a paradigma pós-positivista permitiu a formulação de um modelo de se pensar o direito que autoriza transcender as deficiências identificadas no positivismo jurídico, adequando-o aos avanços da filosofia da linguagem e da própria hermenêutica. A tese, portanto, tem por objetivo apresentar de um conceito concreto de ato administrativo ambiental, com características pós-positivistas, alcançável apenas no caso concreto mediante a fusão dos dados linguísticos, extralinguísticos e históricos. O ato administrativo ambiental, enquanto resposta correta e adequada à Constituição Federal, exarada diante de um caso concreto, deve constituir solução jurídica constitucional para as questões ambientais enfrentadas pelos órgãos da administração pública titulares de competência administrativa ambiental, no exercício da tutela preventiva ou repressiva, visando sempre à garantia do equilíbrio ecológico
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Silva, Marcelo Pinto da. "Principio da vulnerabilidade: fundamento da responsabilidade civil objetiva por violação ao direito à intimidade genética nas relações de consumo e de emprego no Brasil contemporâneo." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10717.
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Esta dissertação foi elaborada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e aborda aspectos atinentes à espécie de responsabilização civil pela violação ao direito à intimidade genética nas relações de consumo e de emprego. Através de interpretação extensiva do direito à intimidade, previsto no art. 5º, inciso X, da Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988, com supedâneo no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, justifica-se e fundamenta-se o direito à intimidade genética, que somente se tornou visível em razão dos avanços tecnológicos, em especial no campo da medicina e da genética. Trabalha-se dentro de um paradigma de transição: da forma positivista de encarar o direito para a pós-positivista, na qual o direito é flexível, permeável aos valores, a ética e a noção de justiça, concedendo guarida especial aos princípios na normatividade jurídica, fugindo, pois, do reducionismo do direito à lei. O uso da informação genética de forma indevida constitui prática discriminatória, seja nas relações de emprego, seja nas relações de consumo, ainda que na fase pré-contratual. Desapega-se, assim, da natureza individualista do direito à intimidade genética para investigá-lo por meio de um olhar macrobioético, sob o prisma da exclusão e da marginalização, que a sua violação pode produzir, em especial nos países periféricos como no Brasil. É importante buscar formas de responsabilização que inibam a prática indevida de acesso à informação genética para fins incompatíveis com os direitos humanos e que, ao mesmo tempo, assegurem a devida reparação às vítimas. É imperioso discutir, portanto, qual o fundamento do dever de indenizar que melhor se coaduna com a vulnerabilidade, característica iminente em um dos pólos dos contratos de emprego e de consumo: a culpa, o risco, a dignidade humana ou a própria vulnerabilidade no seu viés princípio. Por fim, podemos afirmar que a intimidade genética constitui direito da personalidade, o qual uma vez lesionado implicaria em dano moral in re ipsa, sem prejuízo do dano material mensurado, podendo, ambas as espécies dos danos atingirem a terceiros por via reflexa.
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Parreira, Liziane. "Discricionariedade judicial e hermenêutica pós-positivista." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2013. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1437.
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The present dissertation intends to examine the judicial discretion in order to check the limits of interpretation, under the approach of post-positivism. The study covers the main transformations of legal hermeneutics to analyze the new role which the interpreter has acquired in contemporary society. For both proposed to investigate the administrative discretion in the search for a concept most integral of judicial discretion and also the limits for a possible interpretation unmeasured. At the first part of the work are considered the main hermeneutical schools to understand how each author conceptualized the discretion within his theory. Next is presented administrative discretion and the limits as parameters for judicial discretion. At the third and the last part, we returned to the central thematic about the theories of authors like Ronald Dworkin to justify the necessity to adopt some criteria for interpretation. The purpose of this dissertation is to arrive a conclusion as to whether it is possible that judgments are based on solid instruments different of the normative and in what way the post-positivism contributes to give the interpreter greater freedom to build the individual standard.
A presente dissertação pretende examinar a discricionariedade judicial com o intuito de verificar os limites da interpretação, sob o enfoque do pós-positivismo. O estudo percorre as principais transformações da hermenêutica jurídica para analisar o novo protagonismo que o intérprete adquiriu na sociedade contemporânea. Para tanto, investiga a discricionariedade administrativa na busca por um conceito mais íntegro de discricionariedade judicial e também problematiza limites e consequências de um “ativismo” desmedido. Na primeira parte do trabalho são consideradas as principais escolas hermenêuticas, para compreender como cada autor selecionado conceituou a discricionariedade dentro de sua teoria. Em seguida, é abordada a discricionariedade administrativa e os limites principiológicos como parâmetros para a discricionariedade judicial. Na terceira e última parte, retoma-se a temática central, para, com base em referenciais, como Ronald Dworkin, enfatizar também a necessidade de alguns parâmetros interpretativos. Espera-se apresentar uma conclusão sobre se é possível que as decisões judiciais sejam embasadas em instrumentos diferentes dos estritamente normativos e de que maneira o pós-positivismo contribui para dar ao intérprete maior liberdade para construir a norma individual.
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Calvet, Otavio Amaral. "Direito do trabalho na era da descentralização produtiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6900.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-29The productive decentralization, phenomenon through which occurs the outsourcing of part of the demanded productive activity through the hiring of third-party (legal or natural persons) with maintenance of some sort of control, in a greater or lesser degree, focused on the production output for partner companies, constitutes a reality. If on one hand the productive decentralization is a business development model, on the other it has demonstrated in certain cases to be a factor of casualization of human labor, as in face of the globalization phenomenon and new forms of communication, often decentralization occurs in countries still under a low level of legal protection, with reduced cost of labor and scarce or ineffective labor legislation. In this new scenario of business structuring, it remains evident the gap in which stands the legal system to produce effective protection to the working human being and allow economic development, considering recognition as a fundamental principle of the Republic not only the dignity of the human person, but also the social value of the work and the free initiative. It is noticed that this new reality of the labor market adjustment advances while the Labor Law struggles to stay untouched, creating a growing gap between labor regulation and the current needs of workers and companies, urging the recognition of new forms of accountability of the actors in the production chain who benefit from this system and, ultimately, of their own work energy, even from a distance and without a direct formal link; on the other hand, it urges the promotion of good practices that can lead to gain in productivity and economic development. It is proposed in this paper, therefore, a new approach to Labor Law, with criteria for characterization of the productive decentralization phenomenon, focusing on cases in which there may be legal accountability towards employees of subcontracted companies by the main company, delimiting the application of labor law in the era of post-positivism inserted in the legal system of a Democratic State of Law
A descentralização produtiva, fenômeno pelo qual ocorre a externalização de parte da atividade produtiva necessária através da contratação de terceiros (pessoas jurídicas ou naturais) com manutenção de algum tipo de controle, em maior ou menor grau, voltado ao resultado da produção para empresas parceiras, constitui uma realidade. Se por um lado a descentralização produtiva constitui um modelo de desenvolvimento empresarial, por outro vem demonstrando ser fator de precarização do trabalho humano em determinados casos, pois diante do fenômeno da globalização e das novas formas de comunicação, muitas vezes o destino da descentralização localiza-se em países ainda de baixo índice de proteção jurídica, com reduzido custo de mão-de-obra e pouca ou não efetiva legislação trabalhista. Neste novo cenário de estruturação empresarial, resta patente a defasagem em que se encontra o ordenamento jurídico para produzir eficaz proteção ao ser humano trabalhador e permitir o desenvolvimento econômico, em que pese o reconhecimento como princípio fundamental da República não só a dignidade da pessoa humana, mas também o valor social do trabalho e a livre iniciativa. Nota-se que essa nova realidade de acomodação do mercado de trabalho avança enquanto o Direito do Trabalho luta para se manter intocável, criando uma distância cada vez maior entre a regulamentação trabalhista e as necessidades atuais dos trabalhadores e empresas, urgindo o reconhecimento de novas formas de responsabilização dos atores da cadeia produtiva que se beneficiam com essa sistemática e, em última análise, da própria energia de trabalho, ainda que à distância e sem vinculação formal direta; de outra parte, urge o fomento às boas práticas que podem levar a ganho de produtividade e desenvolvimento econômico. Propõe-se neste trabalho, portanto, uma nova abordagem para o Direito do Trabalho, com critérios para caracterização do fenômeno da descentralização produtiva, fixando-se em que casos pode haver responsabilidade trabalhista em relação aos empregados das empresas satélites para com a empresa principal, delimitando-se a aplicação do direito trabalhista na era do pós-positivismo inserido no ordenamento jurídico de um Estado Democrático de Direito
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Santo, Letícia Alonso do Espírito. "Direito à saúde: judicialização dos tratamentos em fase experimental e dos tratamentos novos não registrados." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6878.
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Após a segunda guerra mundial, ocorreu o desenvolvimento do valor da dignidade da pessoa humana, havendo uma reconfiguração dos paradigmas éticos da ordem internacional. Houve um processo de constitucionalização em âmbito mundial e o modelo de estado constitucional expandiu-se, consagrando a dignidade humana como valor jurídico universal e imanente ao ser humano. O novo modelo de estado desencadeou a expansão das garantias e fomentou o acesso aos direitos tidos como essenciais à garantia dessa dignidade, decorrendo, por conseguinte, o fenômeno da judicialização, já que as demandas não atendidas tornaram-se pleitos recorrentes nos tribunais. O Pós-Positivismo representa esse momento de redefinições, servindo de fundamento teórico ao presente trabalho. Afastada a ideia de uma Constituição meramente programática, oportunizou-se uma maior atuação do Poder Público na prestação de serviços essenciais em caráter universal. Abriu-se o ensejo para se questionar a quem incumbe assegurar essa prestação, de maneira a avaliar a competência do Poder Judiciário para determinar o fornecimento de tratamentos ou serviços a partir do princípio da separação de poderes, bem como acerca da reserva do possível. A ANVISA foi criada com o fim de proteger a saúde da população, mas nem todos os medicamentos possivelmente aptos a alcançar este fim constam em seu rol de aprovados. As situações dos tratamentos experimentais e dos não aprovados pelo órgão competente nacional são um ponto complexo do tema e o objeto do presente estudo. No Brasil, é editada, pelo Ministério da Saúde, uma lista de medicamentos e procedimentos que devem ser fornecidos gratuitamente, a Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais - RENAME. Todavia, mesmo sendo esta lista atualizada periodicamente, permanecem os vários questionamentos acerca da sua suficiência e adequação para o suprimento das demandas de saúde. Alguns casos de negativa de oferta de medicamentos não registrados pela ANVISA tornaram-se emblemáticos, como a fosfoetanolamina sintética e os medicamentos derivados da cannabis sativa, sendo o primeiro considerado tratamento em fase experimental e, o último, tratamento novo não registrado. O problema reside em saber os limites do que deve ser assegurado. Partiu-se da hipótese de que as diretrizes constitucionais possuem força normativa e estão dispostas para assegurar o mínimo existencial a todos os cidadãos que estão a ela submetidos, sendo plenamente aplicáveis. Este entendimento encontra lastro teórico no Pós-positivismo, a partir das construções de Dworkin (2002) e Alexy (2013) sobre a normatividade dos princípios e a máxima da proporcionalidade do segundo. Sob a metodologia de análise dedutiva, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se a partir da conceituação do que seriam os medicamentos experimentais, do que vêm entendendo a doutrina e a jurisprudência sobre sua concessão, bem como das diretrizes normativas nacionais. Objetivou-se, com fulcro nas submáximas da proporcionalidade, compreender se é razoável que o ente público negue a prestação dos tratamentos experimentais concebidos em ambas as espécies — tratamento em fase experimental e tratamento novo não registrado - aos indivíduos que deles careçam e até em que medida. Para alcançar os objetivos do estudo, além do referencial teórico supramencionado, foram estudados artigos e decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal. As normas atinentes à saúde possuem caráter aberto, o que confere ao aplicador o poder-dever de interpretação no momento da aplicação, observado o seu compromisso com a justiça e a equidade. Uma relação de medicamentos e insumos gera previsibilidade ao orçamento público, entretanto, não pode obstar à previsão de integralidade do sistema, caso seja demonstrada a ineficácia dos tratamentos fornecidos a uma situação especial. A busca da intervenção judicial visa o alcance da igualdade substancial preconizada constitucionalmente, tendo o trabalho apresentado parâmetros para estas decisões.
After World War II, the development of the value of the dignity of the human person occurred, with a reconfiguration of the ethical paradigms of the international order. There was a process of constitutionalisation worldwide and the constitutional state model expanded, consecrating human dignity as a universal and immanent legal value to the human being. The new state model triggered the expansion of guarantees and fostered access to the rights considered essential to guarantee this dignity, resulting in the phe-nomenon ofjudicialization, since the unmet demands became recurring lawsuits in the courts. Post-positivism represents this moment of redefinition, serving as a theoretical foundation for the present work. Once the idea of a purely programmatic Constitution has been withdrawn, there has been a greater role for the Public Power in the provision of essential universal services. The opportunity was opened to question who is responsible for ensuring this benefit, in order to evaluate the jurisdiction of the Judiciary to determine the provision of treatment or services based on the principie of separation ofpowers, as well as the reservation of the possible. ANVISA was created in order to protect the health of the population, but not ali medicines possibiy able to achieve this are included in its approved list. The situations of experimental treatments and those not approved by the competent national body are a complex point of the theme and the object of the present study. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health publishes a list of medicines and procedures that must be provided free of charge, the National List of Essential Medicines - RENAME. However, even though this list is updated periodically, the various questions remain about its adequacy and suitability for the fulfillment of health demands. Some cases of negative supply of drugs not registered by ANVISA have become emblematic, such as synthetic phosphoethanolamine and cannabis sativa drugs, the former being considered experimental treatment and the latter, unrecorded new treatment. The problem lies in knowing the limits ofwhat must be ensured. It was hypothesized that constitutional directives have normative force and are arranged to ensure the existential minimum to ali citizens who are submitted to it, being fully applicable. This understanding finds theoretical balance in Post-positivism, from the constructions of Dworkin (2002) and Alexy (2013) on the normativity of the principies and the maximum of the proportionaiity of the second. Under the methodology of deductive analysis, the research developed from the conceptualization of what would be the experimental drugs, from which they have understood the doctrine and jurisprudence about its concession, as weli as the national normative guidelines. The objective of this study was to understand whether it is reasonable for the pubiic body to deny the provision of experimental treatments designed in both species - experimental treatment and new unrecorded treatment - to those individuais who lack them and even measure. To reach the objectives of the study, in addition to the aforementioned theoretical framework, articles and decisions of the Federal Supreme Court were studied. Health norms have an open character, which gives the applicator the power-duty of interpretation at the time of application, observing their commitment to justice and equity. list of medicines and inputs generates predictability to the public budget, however, it can not present the system from being predicted if the ineffectiveness of the treatments provided to a special situation is demonstrated. The search for judicial intervention aims at the achievement of the substantial equality advocated constitutionally, and the work presented parameters for these decisions.
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Azevedo, Neto Platon Teixeira de. "O trabalho decente como direito humano: por uma fundamentação teórica com base no pós-positivismo jurídico." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4095.
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This dissertation aims to analyze human rights towards decent work in the light of the legal post-positivism, carrying out a theoretical and practical research. The study encompasses the notion of working in an interdisciplinary context involving a historic route, a philosophical consideration and a legal sense of the value of work. It also contemplates the various meanings of the term “work”, including the antiquated association to punishment and suffering and also to move towards an idea linked to dignity, currently being an instrument for the understanding of the human essence itself, especially since the connection is now inseparable, and therefore, the term “decent”. In this context, decent work is examined from the viewpoint of human rights, including the quotation of international standards which outlines the scope of that concept. It is formulated, still, a classification containing a list of negative assumptions (cast of obstacles defined by the International Labor Organization to the achievement of an initial threshold for a minimally decent job) and some positive requirements (elements that need to compose the employment relationship in order to reach a really decent job). And finally, from the concept that decent work should be treated as a hard case, an examination is made from some judicial decisions dealing with issues related to decent work, theoretically based mainly from the works of Ronald Dworkin and Robert Alexy. Thus, one attains a double purpose: to contribute to the academic discussion and to serve as input to the jurisprudential debate about the subject.
A presente dissertação objetiva analisar o direito humano ao trabalho decente à luz do póspositivismo jurídico, por meio de uma investigação teórico-prática. O estudo abarca a noção de trabalho num contexto interdisciplinar, envolvendo um percurso histórico, uma reflexão filosófica e o sentido jurídico do valor trabalho. Contempla as várias acepções do termo trabalho, inclusive a ultrapassada associação ao castigo e ao sofrimento e a evolução para uma ideia ligada à dignidade, sendo instrumento atualmente para a realização da própria essência humana, sobretudo a partir da ligação, agora indissociável, ao termo decente. Nesse contexto, o trabalho decente é examinado a partir da ótica dos direitos humanos, incluindo a citação das normas internacionais que enunciam o alcance do referido conceito. É formulada, ainda, uma classificação contendo um rol de pressupostos negativos (elenco de obstáculos definidos pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho ao atingimento de um patamar inicial para um trabalho minimamente decente) e alguns requisitos positivos (elementos que precisam compor a relação laboral para o alcance de um trabalho realmente decente). E, por fim, a partir da concepção de que o trabalho decente deve ser encarado como um hard case, é feito um exame de algumas decisões judiciais que tratam de assuntos ligados ao trabalho decente, tendo como referencial teórico, principalmente, as obras de Ronald Dworkin e Robert Alexy. Alcança-se, assim, o duplo propósito: de contribuir para o colóquio acadêmico e de servir como contributo ao debate jurisprudencial acerca do tema.
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Branco, Carolina Nobre Castello. "A Justiça Constitucional na concretização dos direitos fundamentais: um estudo sobre o alcance dos novos ideais do constitucionalismo contemporâneo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5513.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-25Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This study aims to evaluate the role of Constitucional Justice in the implementation of Fundamental Rights. To that end, it was established as a starting point the changes brought about by new ideas discussed in contemporary constitutionalism. The increasing concern over the effectiveness of Fundamental Rights and the expansion of the substantive content of the Constitution imposes a more comprehensive role of Constitutional Justice and the need to recast their understanding of the interpretative function. Therefore, this work is divided into three distinct stages. At first, the approach begins on the analysis of the relationship between the State and the Constitution, and its gradual evolution to the formation of constitutional state and thus of contemporary constitutionalism. Then, the study proposes the analysis of the 'new' Constitutional Law, approaching the several terminologies that have been adopted to define the actual moment of changing of the conception of ideas about Constitution and its consequences brought to the Law on the theme of constitutionalization of the law and in seeking the concretization of Fundamental Rights. Finally, the study focuses on the activities of the Constitutional Justice and the identification of its relationship to contemporary constitutionalism in attaining Fundamental Rights
Este estudo tem por objetivo principal verificar a participação da Justiça Constitucional na concretização dos Direitos Fundamentais. Para tanto, estabeleceu-se como ponto de partida as mudanças trazidas pelos novos ideais discutidas no constitucionalismo contemporâneo. A crescente preocupação com a efetividade dos Direitos Fundamentais e a ampliação do conteúdo material da Constituição impõe uma atuação cada vez mais abrangente da Justiça Constitucional e a necessidade de reformulação da compreensão de sua função interpretativa. Assim, o trabalho divide-se em três etapas distintas. Em um primeiro momento, a abordagem se inicia na análise da relação existente entre o Estado e a Constituição, bem como sua gradativa evolução até a formação do Estado Constitucional e, consequentemente, do constitucionalismo contemporâneo. Em seguida, o estudo propõe a análise do novo‟ Direito Constitucional, abordando as diferentes terminologias que vem sido adotadas para definir o atual momento de mudança de concepção das idéias sobre Constituição e suas consequências trazidas para o Direito na temática da constitucionalização do Direito e na busca pela concretização dos Direitos Fundamentais. Por fim, o estudo se concentra nas atividades da Justiça Constitucional e a identificação da sua relação com o constitucionalismo contemporâneo para fins de concretização dos Direitos Fundamentais
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Polezze, Rogério Volpatti. "Políticas públicas para minorias sexuais: características e perspectivas no direito brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6807.
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-07The dissertation proposes to analyze the configuration of so-called sexual minorities, discussing concepts and reasons to understand them as vulnerable groups. It provides an overview about human rights, emphasizing the fundamental rights. Also their evolution through history, especially after the Second World War. It highlights the position taken by the principles, so striking in the post-positivist stage right. It notes that, although there is controversy, both the broad inclusion of principles in the latest Constitutions as the movement of said neoconstitutionalism or postpositivism indicate the valuation of axiological load on the right, completing and enriching the old positivist view. It seeks to trace the characteristics of public policy, promoted on behalf of sexual minorities, performing brief analysis of the profile that presents difficulties (limitations) and draw prospects for the near future, as well as alternatives to answer more satisfactorily the target population of the study. It makes a comparison with examples that succeeded in European States with regard to the apparent greater range of the Brazilian Judiciary's role in defining and provocation (the initiative) public policy under study. Thus, making highlighting the characteristics of Brazil, in particular due to its overly analytical and rich constitution in axiological charge (and principles), it focused to explain the reasons why Brazil shows its judicial function as markedly Postpositivist, enforcing fundamental rights and own content of principles adopted in the Constitution; even on behalf the component groups of so-called sexual minorities and against established majority in the National Parliament
A dissertação propõe-se a analisar a configuração das minorias sexuais, discutindo conceitos e as razões de entendê-las como grupos vulneráveis. A pesquisa traça uma análise geral acerca dos direitos humanos, destacando os fundamentais, sua evolução ao longo da história, em especial, após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Põe em relevo a posição assumida pelos princípios, tão marcantes no estágio pós-positivista do direito. Observa que, embora haja controvérsia, tanto a inclusão ampla de princípios nas Constituições mais recentes quanto o movimento do neoconstitucionalismo ou do pós-positivismo indicam a valorização da carga axiológica no direito, completando e enriquecendo a antiga visão positivista. O estudo procura traçar as características das políticas públicas, promovidas em benefício das minorias sexuais, realizando uma breve análise do perfil que se apresenta, suas dificuldades (limitações), além de traçar perspectivas para futuro próximo e alternativas para atender mais satisfatoriamente a população-alvo deste estudo. A pesquisa faz um comparativo com exemplos que sucederam em Estados europeus no que se refere à aparente maior amplitude do papel do Poder Judiciário brasileiro na definição e provocação (da iniciativa) das políticas públicas em estudo. Assim, realçando características próprias do Brasil, em especial, em função de sua Constituição demasiadamente analítica e rica em carga axiológica (e princípios), tentou-se explicar os motivos pelos quais o Brasil mostra sua função jurisdicional tão marcantemente pós-positivista, fazendo valer direitos fundamentais e conteúdo próprio de princípios adotados na Constituição; inclusive, próprios dos grupos componentes das minorias sexuais e na contramão da maioria estabelecida no Parlamento nacional
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El, Sonbati Karim Alexandre. "Le chamanisme : une traduction socioanthropologique à travers l'art." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20318.
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Comment traduire le chamanisme en termes socioanthropologiques? Pour répondre à cette question cette étude du chamanisme s'articule autour de trois niveaux d'analyse. Une compréhension des dynamiques, sociohistoriques et ontologiques, ainsi qu'une focalisation sur les facultés de médiation de l'art et de la science, entourant et animant des pratiques chamaniques; offrent un tremplin réflexif engendrant des parallèles entre des collectifs issus des deux hémisphères. Une sociologie phénoménologique, combinée à un empirisme post-positiviste, esquissent des trames théoriques et méthodologiques, s'appuyant sur une réflexivité expériencielle et institutionnelle. Elles se résument en une tentative d'attiser la réflexivité des savoirs. Cette mise en forme de l'agencéité, immanente aux science sociales, veut inviter aux possibilités d'assouplissement de contours conceptuels; induites par le travail intellectuel. L'art, aussi bien visuel que sonore, se trouve employé à la fois comme support empirique, et comme toile heuristique; dévoilant des modes de compréhension transcendant les marges de la physicalité cartésienne. Cette traduction tisse donc une matrice épistémologique, aiguisant des optiques inédites, pour cerner ce qui semblerait se profiler hors des marges de la scientificité communément entendue. Les sphères étudiés affichent des similarités, par moments ontologiques et, par d'autres, d'ordre historiques enrichissantes du point de vue sociologique. Aussi, cette thèse explore, et devient en soi, une tentative d'application d'un potentiel, à la fois structurant et transformateur, qui semble octroyé à certains acteurs sociaux que sont les artistes et les chamanes et les intellectuels.
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Silva, Lanaira da. "A teoria estruturante e a crítica hermenêutica do direito: (des)encontros entre Lenio Streck e Friedrich Müller." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5035.
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A partir da Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito (Lenio Streck), o presente estudo buscou abordar, em uma perspectiva comparativa, aspectos elementares da estruturação normativa na Teoria e Metódica Estruturante do Direito (Friedrich Müller). Nesse sentido, o ponto fundamental na discussão proposta é o modo como se dão as concepções normativas de cada teoria. Tanto a Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito quanto a Teoria Estruturante do Direito distinguem-se de tantas outras teorias (de acepções positivistas) por apresentarem originalmente um tratamento diferenciado a essa questão que se revela como um ponto de partida essencial: a norma. A partir dessa constatação, ao trazer o debate para o interior dos paradigmas filosóficos (com inserção de um teorema fundamental da Filosofia Hermenêutica: a diferença ontológica), foi possível problematizar a amplitude de como esta distinção fundamental é capaz de desvelar, sob um outro viés, a diferença existente entre texto e norma. Dentro de um “chão” comum entre Crítica Hermenêutica, e Teoria Estruturante, em virtude da influente presença da “Hermenêutica Filosófica”, foram levantados alguns pontos de (des)encontros entre os autores, observando um critério fundamental para que uma teoria se designe “Pós-positivista”: o enfrentamento da discricionariedade.
From the “Hermeneutical Critique of law” (Lenio Streck), this study sought to address in a comparative perspective, elementary aspects of the regulatory structure in Theory and Methodical Structuring Law (Friedrich Müller). In this sense, the fundamental point in the proposed discussion is how to give the normative conceptions of each theory. Both Hermeneutical Critique of Law as the Structuring Theory of Law distinguished from many other theories (of positivists meanings) originally presented by different treatment to that question turns out to be an essential starting point: the norm. From this evidence, to bring the debate to the interior of the philosophical paradigms (with insertion of a fundamental theorem of Hermeneutics Philosophy: the ontological difference) it was possible to discuss the scope of how this fundamental distinction is able to reveal, under another, the distinction between text and standard. Within a "commonground" among “Hermeneutical Critique” and “Structuring Theory”, due to the influential presence of the "Philosophical Hermeneutics", some points were raised (un) meetings between authors observing a fundamental criterion for a theory designating of "Post -positivism ": the confrontation of discretion.
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Bolwerk, Aloísio Alencar. "Método jurídico axiológico aplicado ao direito civil." Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/470.
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O presente trabalho faz análise da hermenêutica jurídica entre o positivismo e pós-positivismo
a fim de apresentar como produto o método jurídico axiológico enquanto nova forma de
conhecimento científico a ser empregado no Direito Civil. Para sua formulação, foi preciso
percorrer o pensamento positivista, que ganhou força pela simplificação que promoveu ao
Direito, e também a corrente pós-positivista, alicerçada em interpretações valorativas que
terminam por refinar uma hermenêutica reflexiva sobre ideias de justiça. O Direito assume
roupagem funcional e a proposta de sociedade aberta é incorporada para permear edificação
jurídica ajustada à realidade social. A teleologia desta conjugação é afastar a pura e simples
aplicação lógico-dedutiva para buscar uma nova racionalidade afinada com a ideia de tutela
material e concretizadora de direitos. Neste diapasão, é que o enredo dialógico da “sociedade
aberta” possibilita a edificação de um Direito Civil comunicativo com outras fontes. Porém,
teorias como a do diálogo das fontes e da hermenêutica heterorreflexiva foram apontadas,
porém criticadas, ou por insuficiência de conteúdo, ou porque promoviam retorno aos
construtos do modelo positivista. A interpretação do Código Civil, a partir do método jurídico
axiológico, prima pela mensuração entre a justiça pretendida e a segurança necessária, tarefa
que parte do conteúdo da norma-padrão, cujo ensaio formador se passa entre o raio de ação dos
três “Entes comunicantes”: Sociedade, Estado e Direito e que permeia a construção do
normativismo, que corresponde a um todo interpretativo de caráter transdisciplinar. O método
jurídico axiológico visa a construção valorativa do pensamento arrimado nos reflexos que
podem surtir para os particulares e para a sociedade. Difere do juízo de equidade por ser
operacional e por não se debruçar sobre a justiça no plano abstrato. Seu arremate, assim, se
processa quando faz a conjugação dos juízos de valor e de realidade (juízos de adequação), cuja
concretude pode ser vislumbrada diante da análise de situações factuais e hipotéticas, nas quais
o método pode ser contextualizado.The present work analyzes the juridical hermeneutics between positivism and post-positivism in order to present as product the axiological juridical method as new form of scientific knowledge to be used in civil law. For its formulation, it was necessary to go through the positivist thought, which gained strength by the simplification it promoted to the law, as well as the post-positivist current, grounded on evaluative interpretations that end up refining a reflective hermeneutics on ideas of justice. The law assumes functional drapery and the proposal of open society is incorporated to permeate juridical edification adjusted to social reality. The teleology of this conjugation is to withdraw the simple logical-deductive application to seek a new rationality in tune with the idea of material protection and concretizing rights. This diapason is where the dialogical plot of the "open society" enables the building of a civil law that is communicative with other sources. However, theories like the dialogue of sources and hetero-reflexive hermeneutics were pointed, but criticized, whether by lack of content, or because they promoted regress to the constructs of the positivist model. The interpretation of the Civil Code, from the axiological juridical method, values and chases the measurement between the desired justice and the necessary security, task which parts from the standard norm content, which forming essay passes between the action radius of the three "Communicating Entities": Society, State and Law and that permeates the construction of the normativism, which corresponds to an all interpretive transdisciplinary character. The axiological juridical method aims the evaluative construction of thought supported on the reflexes that can bear fruit for individuals and for society. Differs from judgment of equity by being operational and not dwelling on justice on abstract plan. Thus, its tailpiece is processed when it does the conjugation of judgments of value and reality (judgments of adequacy), which its concreteness can be perceived in face of the analysis of factual and hypothetical situations, where the method can be contextualized.
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Cunha, Marcus Vinicius Ribeiro. "O princípio da moralidade administrativa: por uma definição de parâmetros hermenêuticos sensíveis ao pluralismo e à segurança jurídica." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2015. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13242.
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This work has the purpose to study the principle of administrative morality, especially as to their content, as well as regarding how best to operationalize its interpretation / application. In this goal, it is evident the need for eticizar Public Administration, the Administrator and their respective acts performed in the exercise of public service, it can not allow the definition of what is ethical in a rule of law is fully open to arbitrary decisions . Against this background, we seek to answer with this study the following questions: the definition of the principle of administrative morality content has limits? And, if so, what are those limits and what are the parameters / methods suitable to be used during the process of interpretation and application of the principle of morality? It is in order to overcome these issues that the research will be developed. So, will begin with brief distinctions between Ethics, Morality and Law, presenting philosophical currents that sought to evaluate the relationship or separation of binding legal and moral systems over the years, ending the first part with some critical considerations as post-positivism, pointing to the need to establish interpretive parameters, especially in a postmodern context marked by pluralism and thirsty for increased security, including legal. The following will be addressed-the set of principles, while study of legal principles, addressing some definitions, distinctions between the rules, principles and normative postulates. In addition, the main functions of principles will be presented and attempts to demonstrate its importance in contemporary legal system, without, however, forget the need to reference point in the act of interpreting them and apply them in specific cases. Finally, the third and final chapter, it is a matter-of analyzing the legal principle of administrative morality, with some definitions, a history on the world stage and later in the Brazilian domestic level until you reach the treatment given to this principle by the Charter Magna 1988. In addition, even in the third chapter, will be differentiated juridicizada the morality of common morality; is also checked the question of the interpretation and application of the principle of morality, presenting a method and parameters aimed at greater legal certainty in achieving this hermeneutical process, concluding with the study of public administration in contemporary times and the role of the principle of administrative morality. Use it will, therefore, as theoretical references studies of Ronald Dworkin and Robert Alexy. Moreover, to achieve the purpose, the theoretical research will be performed after literature of scientific contributions on the subject, as well as documentary research, through the analysis of legislation and case law. Furthermore, the method to be used is the deductive, that part of inferences and general ideas for application to real situations, and the technical procedures to be used will be the thematic analysis and interpretation.O presente trabalho tem por escopo estudar o princípio da moralidade administrativa, em especial quanto ao seu conteúdo, bem como no que tange a melhor forma de operacionalizar sua interpretação/aplicação. Nesse desiderato, se é notória a necessidade de eticizar a Administração Pública, o administrador e seus respectivos atos praticados no exercício da função pública, também não se pode permitir que a definição do que seja ético em um Estado de Direito esteja completamente aberta a decisões arbitrárias. Diante desse panorama, busca-se responder com o presente trabalho aos seguintes questionamentos: a definição do conteúdo do princípio da moralidade administrativa possui limites? E, em caso afirmativo, quais seriam esses limites e quais seriam os parâmetros/métodos adequados a serem empregados durante o processo de interpretação e aplicação do princípio da moralidade? É com o propósito de superar essas questões que a pesquisa será desenvolvida. Assim, iniciar-se-á com breves distinções entre a Ética, Moral e Direito, apresentando correntes filosóficas que buscaram avaliar a relação de separação ou de vinculação dos sistemas jurídico e moral ao longo dos anos, encerrando a parte inicial com algumas ponderações críticas quanto ao pós-positivismo, apontando a necessidade de se estabelecerem parâmetros interpretativos, mormente em um contexto pós-moderno marcado pelo pluralismo e sedento por maior segurança, inclusive a jurídica. A seguir, abordar-se-á a principiologia, enquanto estudo dos princípios jurídicos, abordando algumas definições, distinções entre as regras, os princípios e os postulados normativos. Além disso, serão apresentadas as principais funções dos princípios, buscando demonstrar sua importância no sistema jurídico contemporâneo, sem, contudo, esquecer-se da necessidade de balizamentos no ato de interpretá-los e aplicá-los em casos concretos. Por fim, no terceiro e derradeiro capítulo, tratar-se-á de analisar o princípio jurídico da moralidade administrativa, apresentando algumas definições, um histórico no plano mundial e, posteriormente, no plano interno brasileiro até chegar ao tratamento conferido ao referido princípio pela Carta Magna de 1988. Ademais, ainda no terceiro capítulo, serão diferenciadas a moralidade juridicizada da moralidade comum; será também verificada a questão da interpretação e aplicação do princípio da moralidade, apresentando um método e parâmetros voltados a conferir maior segurança jurídica na realização desse processo hermenêutico, concluindo com o estudo da Administração Pública na contemporaneidade e o papel desempenhado pelo princípio da moralidade administrativa. Utilizar-se-á, para tanto, como referências teóricas os estudos de Ronald Dworkin e de Robert Alexy. Outrossim, para a concretização do intento, será realizada a pesquisa teórica, após levantamento bibliográfico de contribuições científicas sobre o assunto, bem como a pesquisa documental, por meio da análise de legislações e jurisprudências. Outrossim, o método a ser utilizado será o dedutivo, que parte de inferências e ideias gerais para aplicação a situações reais, sendo que os procedimentos técnicos a serem usados serão a análise temática e a interpretativa.
Mestre em Direito Público
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Rayneard, Max James Anthony. "Performing Literariness: Literature in the Event in South Africa and the United States." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12083.
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x, 208 p.In this dissertation "literariness" is defined not merely as a quality of form by which texts are evaluated as literary, but as an immanent and critical sensibility by which reading, writing, speaking, learning, and teaching subjects within the literary humanities engage language in its immediate aesthetic (and thus also historical and ethical) aspect. This reorientation seeks to address the literary academy's overwhelming archival focus, which risks eliding literary endeavor as an embodied undertaking that inevitably reflects the historical contingency of its enactment. Literary endeavor in higher education is thus understood as a performance by which subjects enact not only the effect of literary texts upon themselves but also the contingencies of their socio-economic, national, cultural, and personal contexts. Subjects' responses to literature are seen as implicit identity claims that, inevitably constituted of biases, can be evaluated through the lens of post-positivist realism in terms of their ethical and pragmatic usefulness. Framing this reoriented literariness in terms of its enactment in higher education literature classrooms, this dissertation addresses its pedagogical, methodological, and personal implications. The events of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and the literature arising from it serve as a pivotal case study. The TRC Hearings, publically broadcast and pervasive in the national discourse of the time, enacted a scenario in which South Africans confronted the implications for personal and national identities of apartheid's racial abuses. The dissertation demonstrates through close reading and anecdotal evidence how J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace and Antjie Krog's Country of My Skull formally reactivate this scenario in the subject in the event of reading, while surveys of critical responses to these texts show how readers often resisted the texts' destabilizing effects. A critical account of the process that resulted in Telling, Eugene - a stage production in which U.S. military veterans tell their stories to their civilian communities - analyzes the idea of literariness in the U.S. and assesses its potential for socially engaged literary praxis.
Committee in charge: Linda Kintz, Chairperson; Suzanne Clark, Member; Michael Hames-Garcia, Member; John Schmor, Outside Member
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Machado, Claudia Urano de Carvalho. "A construção histórica do direito do trabalho como resistência à aplicação do pós-positivismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-08042016-163831/.
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O advento da teoria pós-positivista de Robert Alexy teve seus efeitos sentidos no Direito do Trabalho, principalmente por passar a ser constantemente mencionada em decisões trabalhistas. O presente trabalho se propõe, então, a dois objetivos centrais: a partir da análise da principal obra de Robert Alexy, Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais, em cotejo com a jurisprudência trabalhista, demonstrar que nessas decisões não há, de fato, a aplicação da teoria pós-positivista, tal qual construída pelo jurista alemão e, posteriormente, que, ainda que fosse aplicada corretamente, ela própria é de todo incompatível com o Direito do Trabalho, em virtude da construção histórica deste ramo.The advent of the post-positivist theory of Robert Alexy had its consequences on Labor Law, especially for being often mentioned on Labor Court decisions. Thus, this dissertation focuses on two main objectives: to demonstrate, based on the analysis of the main work of Robert Alexy Theory of Fundamental Rights in confrontation with some Labour Court decisions, that such decisions do not, in fact, apply the post-positivist theory as it was formulated by the German jurist; and, moreover, even if it were to be applied accordingly, this theory would still be incompatible with Labor Law, due to the historical construction of this area.
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Crapoulet, Nicolas. "Apport de l'analyse post-génomique de "Tropheryma whipplei" à la compréhension de son mode de vie." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20654.
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Luiz, Maria Lucia de Moraes. "O princípio da solidariedade social no direito tributário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5540.
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The objective of the present dissertation is to analyze how social solidarity can be applied through Tax Law. The current legal scenario lives a unique moment of transition, marked, notably by the rise of principles as insertion of values to Law and legal interpretation, as constitutive activity. The Social Democratic Law State implies the intervention of the state, within the limits of the law, in order to achieve the fundamental objectives of the Republic. The principle of social solidarity in a staggered way, and decreasing, is related to the principle of contributive capacity, proportionality, progressiveness and selectivity, which are the most able to render effective to that principle. Whether for tax or extra tax purposes, social solidarity can be applied only through taxing, or taxes, that, like them, are able to measure the economic potential of the taxpayer
O objetivo da presente dissertação consiste em analisar a forma como a solidariedade social pode ser aplicada por meio do Direito Tributário. O cenário jurídico atual vive momento peculiar e de transição, marcado, notadamente, pela ascensão dos princípios como inserção de valores ao Direito e a interpretação jurídica, como atividade constitutiva. O Estado Social Democrático de Direito implica a intervenção do Estado, nos limites da lei, em prol da realização dos objetivos fundamentais da República. O princípio da solidariedade social de forma escalonada, e decrescente, relaciona-se com o princípio da capacidade contributiva, proporcionalidade, progressividade e seletividade, que são os mais aptos a conferir eficácia àquele princípio. Seja por finalidades fiscais ou extrafiscais, a solidariedade social pode ser aplicada apenas pelos impostos, ou tributos que, como eles, sejam capazes de mesurar o potencial econômico do sujeito passivo
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Clawson, Ann. "Electrophysiological Endophenotypes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Family Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5462.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder associated with altered neural connectivity and deficits in self-monitoring, response inhibition, and planning. One promising avenue of research to improve understanding of the symptoms and heritable nature of ASD may be the identification of neural endophenotypes of ASD. The error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error positivity (Pe), scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs), reflect performance monitoring processes and may qualify as candidate endophenotypes of ASD. We collected ERP and behavioral data (error rates, response times) from 18 ASD probands and their families (mother, father, sibling) and 38 control youth and their parents to examine the utility of the ERN and Pe as endophenotypes of ASD. In order to examine differences based on group (ASD vs. control) and kinship (proband, sibling, mother, father), we conducted separate multiple regression analyses on behavioral and ERP data with group and kinship as predictors and families as clusters. We hypothesized that ASD probands would display reduced-amplitude ERN and impaired behavioral performance relative to control youth but no differences in Pe amplitude and that families of ASD probands would display reduced error minus correct (ΔERN) amplitudes and impaired behavioral performance relative to control families but no differences in ΔPe amplitude. We did not observe significant ERN amplitude group differences among ASD probands relative to control youth. Likewise, control youth did not differ from ASD probands on behavioral measures or Pe amplitudes. Analyses by family revealed that group and kinship did not significantly predict ΔERN amplitudes. However, fathers of ASD probands displayed significantly reduced ΔPe amplitudes relative to control fathers and parents displayed significantly larger ΔPe amplitudes and better performance than youth. Together, results do not provide sufficient evidence to support the ERN or Pe as an endophenotype or biomarker of ASD. These findings add to an overall heterogeneous literature on performance monitoring in ASD and point to the need for additional research to understand the state-related or trait-related factors that may contribute to ERN amplitudes in ASD.
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Silva, Thiago Moreira da. "Direitos fundamentais trabalhistas: cognição da execução fiscal de multa por infração à legislação laboral à luz do valor do trabalho digno." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4387.
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This paper aims to discuss the role of human work valuation and labor fundamental rights to
the conformation of the corporate activity and its repercussions for the resizing of cognition to
be developed in the enforcement of fines imposed on labor laws violations under the
theoretical post-positivism framework. In the first part of the work, through the theoreticaldescriptive
method, it will expose the transformation of the legal thinking of positivism to the
current generically named post-positivism, as well as the rise of human dignity to the center
of the legal system and the role played by the social values of labor for the hermeneutical
activity. In a second moment, also by the same method, it will evidence the connection of
labor fundamental rights with the foundations of the Republic mentioned above and its
insertion into the constitutional economic order, as objective order of values, through the
enhancement of the human labor valuation, conditioning factor of constitutional freedoms to
undertake and one of the company's social function parameters. Thus, it will expose the
importance of regulating and inspecting labor relations in order to build an idea of Social
Justice that promotes the dignified existence of all, inducing a model of economic
development that is not founded solely on monetary or patrimonial bases, according to the
thinking of Amartya Sen. In the last part of the work, through a rational argument and from
the previous theoretical exposition, will be sustained the resizing of cognition of the
enforcement of labor fines in function of the necessity of the adoption of hermeneutic
methods compatible with substantive due process clause inspired by post-positivist canons,
such as the theories of weighting of Alexy and the dialogue of sources of Erik Jayme, to
confer appropriate treatment to the values adopted by the constitutional economic order and
fundamental labor rights - in their objective dimension - which gravitate around these
executive demands.Objetiva-se discutir o papel da valoração do trabalho humano e dos direitos fundamentais trabalhistas para a conformação da atividade empresarial e suas repercussões para o redimensionamento da cognição a ser desenvolvida na execução fiscal de multa imposta por infração à legislação trabalhista sob o pálio do marco teórico do pós-positivismo. Na primeira parte do trabalho, através do método teórico-descritivo, expor-se-á a transformação do pensamento jurídico do positivismo para a corrente denominada genericamente de póspositivismo, bem como a ascensão da dignidade da pessoa humana ao centro do Direito e o papel desempenhado pelos valores sociais do trabalho para a atividade hermenêutica. Em um segundo momento, ainda pelo mesmo método, serão evidenciadas a conexão dos direitos fundamentais trabalhistas com os fundamentos da República apontados acima e sua inserção na ordem econômica constitucional, como conjunto objetivo de valores, por meio do fundamento da valoração do trabalho humano, fator de condicionamento das liberdades constitucionais de empreender e um dos parâmetros da função social da empresa. Assim, será exposta a importância desempenhada pela regulação e inspeção das relações laborais para a construção de uma ideia de Justiça Social que promova a existência digna de todos, indutora de um modelo de desenvolvimento econômico que não seja calcado unicamente em parâmetros monetários ou patrimoniais, na esteira do pensamento de Amartya Sen. Na última parte do trabalho, através de uma argumentação racional e a partir da exposição teórica anterior, sustentar-se-á o redimensionamento da cognição da execução fiscal da multa laboral em função da necessidade da adoção de métodos hermenêuticos compatíveis com cláusula do devido processo legal substancial inspirada pelos cânones pós-positivistas, como as teorias da ponderação de Alexy e do diálogo das fontes de Erik Jayme, para conferir adequado tratamento aos valores adotados pela ordem econômica constitucional e pelos direitos fundamentais trabalhistas – em sua dimensão objetiva - que gravitam em torno dessas demandas executivas.
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Colin, Vivas Aketzali Nallely, and Vivas Aketzali Nallely Colin. "DETERMINACIÓN DEL TIEMPO POST INOCULACIÓN PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE CONTROLES POSITIVOS 1+ Y 4+ PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE RABIA MEDIANTE LA TÉCNICA DE INOCULACIÓN EN RATÓN LACTANTE." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65188.
Full textAbstract:
La presencia de antígeno se evaluó con la técnica de inmunofluorescencia directa utilizando en cada experimento controles negativos y positivos como referencia (Fig.18 y 19). De acuerdo a la tabla 1 se clasificaron los resultados en: negativo o positivos considerando el grado: 1+,2+,3+ y 4+. Se tomaron micrografías de las muestras que se observan en la tabla 2. Los resultados muestran que solo hasta el 3er día se encontró intensidad débil en la fluorescencia y poca presencia de antígeno en 2 de las 3 muestras analizadas, por lo que le corresponde una clasificación de 1+. En términos generales, la intensidad y cantidad de antígeno fue directamente proporcional al incremento del tiempo del sacrificio del ratón siendo en el 5to día cuando se observó una infiltración masiva de inclusiones en toda la muestra con una alta intensidad de fluorescencia, características que corresponden a un positivo 4+.La rabia es una enfermedad que existe desde hace millones de años, afecta a mamíferos y es causada por un Lyssavirus de la familia Rhabdoviridae que provoca encefalitis aguda. No existe un tratamiento médico para la enfermedad por lo tanto una vez que aparecen los síntomas es mortal sin embargo se puede prevenir mediante la vacunación. Aunque gracias a las medidas de prevención y vacunación la rabia transmitida por perro se ha logrado controlar, en México, la rabia transmitida por animales silvestres es la principal preocupación ya que causa pérdidas económicas de millones de dólares principalmente en la industria ganadera y al sector salud por el diagnóstico, investigación de mordeduras de animales, tratamientos, indemnizaciones por pérdida de ganado, cuarentenas, vacunas, mantenimiento de los laboratorios de diagnóstico y programas de control animal.
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Fjordstig, Andréas. "Separating Post-perceptual Processes From Auditory Awareness : An Electrophysiological Study With a No-response Task." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17784.
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Two theories of consciousness have different ideas about when consciousness happens and what neural processes enable conscious experience. The recurrent processing theory supports an early onset of consciousness caused by recurring loops of information between sensory areas. Contrary to this belief, the global workspace theory claims that consciousness appears later, through global recurrent loops of information between sensory and higher order brain areas such as the visual cortex and frontoparietal areas. Electrophysiological studies have found an event-related negativity arising in primary visual areas around 200 ms that correlates to awareness. This activity suits the predictions of an early onset of consciousness made by the recurrent processing theory. It is followed by a later positive amplitude appearing around 400 ms. This activity is in line with predictions made by the global workspace theory. The current study transition from visual to auditory awareness research in order to find the neural correlates of consciousness in audition. A sound detection task with tones calibrated to each participants threshold value was used in the experiment and two electrophysiological measurements of auditory awareness were found. An auditory awareness negativity that appears around 200 ms after stimulus onset and a late positivity appearing around 400 ms. Researchers disagree about if these event-related potentials correlate with awareness or unrelated cognitive mechanisms. In order to solve this problem, the current experiment was devised to test if they were affected by response conditions. A no-response paradigm with reversed response conditions was used to separate pre- and post-conscious mechanisms from the auditory awareness negativity and the late positivity. Results showed that auditory awareness negativity was independent of response condition and thus free from post-perceptual processes. The late positivity amplitude seems to be dependent on response condition but the result was inconclusive.
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Gislén, Mikael. "Achieving Agile Quality : An Action Research Study." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13732.
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Piovesan, Georgia Patrignani Caldatto. "Subcontratação como instrumento de violação ao princípio da proibição ao retrocesso social." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-08012014-165604/.
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Esta pesquisa tem por escopo analisar de modo crítico o fenômeno da subcontratação à luz do pós-positivismo e dos princípios sociais que, inexoravelmente, incidem e lastreiam as normas de direito do trabalho. Para tanto, pretende-se proceder à análise das técnicas de produção introduzidas no Brasil na década de 80, em especial o toyotismo, verificando se acaso configuraram novas formas de exploração do trabalho humano; isto é, se, de fato, caracterizam forma de precarização das condições de trabalho, colidindo com o a evolução histórica dos direitos e garantias individuais e coletivos. Tais constatações, por certo, ensejam estudos ainda mais específicos, como a responsabilidade da empresa principal nos casos de subcontratação, o desenvolvimento dos direitos sociais e dos direitos humanos no contexto global e mesmo a hermenêutica decorrente do influxo entre realidade e previsão normativa consolidada pela jurisprudência pátria e regional. De fato, a conclusão pretende ser instrumento de auxílio aos profissionais do direito, da filosofia, da sociologia e de áreas afins, de forma que se possa posicionar de modo contundente e coerente a respeito da subcontratação enquanto fenômeno contemporâneo da sociedade brasileira.The purpose of this work is to analyze critically the phenomenon of subcontracting on the perspective of post-positivism and social principles that inexorably focuses and embases the rules of labor law. Therefore, it is intended to analyze the production techniques introduced in Brazil in the 80s, notedly the \"Toyotism\", checking if theyre new forms of exploitation of human labor; if, in fact, characterize a way of precarious working conditions, colliding with the historical evolution of the individual and collective rights and guarantees. These findings certainly have inspired even more specific studies, such as the main company\'s responsibility in case of subcontracting, the development of social rights and human rights in the global context and even hermeneutics arising from the influx of reality and normative forecast - consolidated by brazilian and regional jurisprudence. In fact, the conclusion is intended to be a tool to aid professionals, scholars, workers, operators and researchers of law, philosophy, sociology and related fields, so they could stand more forceful and coherent about the subcontracting phenomenon in the contemporary Brazilian society.
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Chemaly, Zeina Sama. "Religiosité, spiritualité et régulation des émotions : le cas du Liban." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080001.
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Les publications disponibles s’accordent sur l’éventuel développement, suite à un évènement extrême, d’un trouble état de stress post-traumatique accompagné d’autres troubles comme l’anxiété et la dépression. Plusieurs variables moduleraient la relation entre l’évènement potentiellement traumatisant vécu et son impact. La présente étude, menée au Liban, s’intéresse particulièrement au rôle modulateur des croyances religieuses et spirituelles dans la modulation de cet impact, en mettant l’accent sur l’importance des émotions positives. Les données recueillies par l’entretien clinique, les échelles et les questionnaires et illustrées par des vignettes cliniques ont permis de formuler des définitions de la religiosité et de la spiritualité selon la population d’étude et d’évaluer les variables « consultation » et «confession », menant ainsi à des comparaisons intergroupes. Les résultats obtenus indiquent une association de la religiosité aux émotions négatives chez les participants en consultation psychologique. Par ailleurs, chez les participants tout-venant l’interprétation symbolique du contenu religieux et les émotions positives se sont révélées jouer un rôle important pour une meilleure santé mentale, malgré le grand nombre d’évènements de guerre vécus. Cependant, ce rôle s’avère différent selon les confessions. Les rôles importants de la foi et de l’espoir ont été mis en avantAvailable publications agree on the possible development of a post-traumatic stress disorder, accompanied by other disorders such as anxiety and depression, following an extreme event. Several variables modulate the relationship between the potentially traumatic event experienced and its impact. The present study, conducted in Lebanon, is particularly interested in the role of religious and spiritual beliefs, and positive emotions in modulating this impact.Gathered information from the clinical interview, scales and questionnaires, illustrated by some clinical vignettes, allowed to formulate definitions of religiosity and spirituality according to the studied population, and to assess the “counseling” and “religion” variables, leading to inter-group comparisons.Findings indicate an association of religiosity with negative emotions among participants in psychological counseling. Furthermore, the symbolic interpretation of religious content, and positive emotions, played an important role in the construction of a better mental health, among the other participants, despite the high incidence of war events experienced. However, this role seems to vary according to
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Gaspar, Carlos Alexandre Vieira. "Avaliação de perigos microbiológicos em produtos da pesca importados : Posto de Inspeção Fronteiriça do porto de Lisboa." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5967.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaO presente trabalho foi realizado no âmbito do estágio de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da FMV-UTL, realizado no Posto de Inspeção Fronteiriço de Lisboa da Direção-Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária. Teve como objetivo prático verificar a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes e realizar a contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e E. coli em produtos da pesca proveniente de países terceiros no período de setembro de 2010 a março de 2011. Das 30 amostras analisadas (crustáceos, moluscos bivalves e delícias do mar), todas apresentaram resultados negativos na pesquisa em 25 g, relativamente a Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes. No que diz respeito à contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positivos e E. coli os resultados apresentados foram, respetivamente, inferiores a 100 ufc/g de produto e a 1 ufc/g de produto, valores considerados seguros no momento da ingestão dos alimentos, de acordo com os atuais critérios microbiológicos. Com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que as amostras analisadas apresentaram baixos níveis de ocorrência de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes e de Staphylococcus coagulase positivos e E. coli. Ainda assim, é importante a vigilância da qualidade dos produtos da pesca, a exigência constante de implementação de boas práticas e a aplicação de sistema pró-ativos de segurança dos alimentos na cadeia dos produtos da pesca, na captura e produção em aquicultura de produtos da pesca, na comercialização, nas indústrias, bem como nos procedimentos de transporte e de receção nos postos de inspeção fronteiriços.
ABSTRACT - EVALUATION OF MICROBIOLOGIC HAZARDS IN IMPORTED FISHING PRODUCTS - BORDER INSPECTION POST OF LISBOA PORT - The present work was developed for the internship of the integrated Master’s in Veterinarian Medicine, of the FMV-UTL, and carried out at the Lisbon Border Inspection Post, of the Portuguese National Authority for Animal Health (Direção-Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária). Its objective was to verify the occurrence of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and to perform the enumeration of coagulase positive Staphylococcus and E. coli in fish coming from third countries, from September 2010 to March 2011. All 30 analyzed samples (crustaceans, bivalve molluscs and crab sticks) presented negative results for Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes, in 25 g. Regarding the counting of Coagulase positive Staphylococcus and E. coli, results showed less than 100 cfu/g of product and less than 1 cfu/g of product, respectively, values which, according to the current microbiological criteria, are considered safe. On the basis of the results obtained, it is concluded that the analyzed samples presented low levels of occurrence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes, as well as Coagulase positive Staphylococcus and E. coli. Even so, it is important to monitor the quality of the fishing products, and to continue to promote the implementation of good practices, and of pro-active food safety systems in the fish chain, in the capture and production of fishing products for and in aquaculture, in the commercialization, in the industries, and also in the transportation procedures and product reception at the border inspection posts.
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Nenzen, Marie. "The contradiction between public space and safety: challenges and positives stories in post-apartheid Johannesburg : - a field study of the urban landscape in Johannesburg and the open urban village of Parkhurst." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-96413.
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The purpose with this thesis is to explore the urban landscape in post-apartheid Johannesburg, investigate the concept of the growing numbers of various types of urban villages and moreover look into the open urban village of Parkhurst. The main questions that are addressed in the thesis are: How would the urban landscape in post-apartheid Johannesburg be described and which types of urban villages can be identified? What would the residents in Parkhurst explain to be the reasons for living in an open urban village and what are their opinions on safety, public space and closed urban villages? Qualitative methods were used as in observation studies and inductive in-depth interviews during the field study in Parkhurst, Johannesburg. The study shows that the concept of urban villages can create both a negative spatial situation and a positive spatial situation – depending on the type of urban village. The thesis also shows that it is possible to feel safe living in a open urban village in a city with high crime and that thoughtful design and effective management of spaces in the city are essential factors that can prevent places from becoming ‘hot spots’ for crime.
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Logan, Dustin Michael. "Error Awareness and Apathy in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5530.
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Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (M/S TBI) is a growing public health concern with significant impact on the cognitive functioning of survivors. Cognitive control and deficits in awareness have been linked to poor recovery and rehabilitation outcomes. One way to research cognitive control is through awareness of errors using electroencephalogram and event-related potentials (ERPs). Both the error-related negativity and the post-error positivity components of the ERP are linked to error awareness and cognitive control processes. Attentional capacity and levels of apathy influence error awareness in those with M/S TBI. There are strong links between awareness, attention, and apathy. However, limited research has examined the role of attention, awareness, and apathy using electrophysiological indices of error awareness to further understand cognitive control in a M/S TBI sample. The current study sought to elucidate the role of apathy in error awareness in those with M/S TBI. Participants included 75 neurologically-healthy controls (divided randomly into two control groups) and 24 individuals with M/S TBI. All participants completed self-report measures of mood, apathy, and executive functioning, as well as a brief neuropsychological battery to measure attention and cognitive ability. To measure awareness, participants completed the error awareness task (EAT), a modified Stroop go/no-go task. Participants signaled awareness of errors committed on the previous trial. The M/S TBI group decreased accuracy while improving or maintaining error awareness compared to controls over time. There were no significant between-group differences for ERN and Pe amplitudes. Levels of apathy in the M/S TBI group were included in three multiple regression analyses predicting proportion of unaware errors, ERN amplitude, and Pe amplitude. Apathy was predictive of error awareness, although not in the predicted direction. Major analyses were replicated using two distinct control groups to determine potential sample effects. Results showed consistent results comparing both control groups to a M/S TBI group. Findings show variable levels of awareness and accuracy over time for those with M/S TBI when compared to controls. Conclusions include varying levels of attention and awareness from the M/S TBI group over time, evidenced by improving awareness of errors when they are happening, but an inability to regulate performance sufficiently to improve accuracy. Levels of apathy are playing a role in error awareness, however, not in predicted directions. The study provides support for the role of attentional impairments in error awareness and encourages future studies to look for varying levels of performance within a given task when using populations linked to elevated levels of apathy and attentional deficits.
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Dick, Ayabulela. "Parental involvement at a School of Skills in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8291.
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Magister Educationis - MEdParental involvement in their children’s schooling has been found to be an important factor with regard to children’s experience of schooling including their academic performance. This quantitative study focused on parental involvement at a school of skills in the Cape metropole, Western Cape. Epstein’s (2009) six typologies of parental involvement in their children’s schooling provided the theoretical framework of the study and guided the formulation of the research instrument and the data analysis of the study. A survey research design was used and 74 parent/caregiver participants were conveniently sampled after all ethical protocols were followed. The findings indicated that participants: (i) indicated a very positive attitude towards being involved in the education of their children at the school of skills and were inspired to be involved in the education of their children, (ii) were highly involved in the following typologies of parental involvement: learning at home, parenting and collaboration with community, (iii) communication between school and the parents as a form of parental involvement was found to be at a moderate level, (iv) participants were found to be minimally involved in decision-making as a form of parental involvement, (v) volunteering as a form of parental involvement was represented by low to moderate levels of involvement, (vi) participants’ marital status, forms of kinship relations with the learners at the school of skills (e.g. biological mother, foster parent) and levels of formal education were not found to have a significant statistical relationship with their levels of parental involvement in their children’s schooling. (vii) The challenges that participants faced with regard to their involvement in their children’s schooling included the following: a) a fair number of about 30% participants frequently found language as a barrier for them to assist their children with homework, b) about 46% of the participants indicated that they were seldom or never recruited by educators to volunteer at the School of Skills, c) about half of the participants indicated that their challenge was that they were not trained on how to offer their talents for volunteering at the school, d) participants also found it difficult to share information with the school about their child’s cultural background, talents, and needs.
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Rosario, Nieves Iris Y. "El registro de ofensores sexuales: un análisis comparado entre Estados Unidos y España." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673805.
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La presente investigación jurídica comparada se enfocará en cuatro aspectos de los registros de
ofensores sexuales: (1) el contexto sociológico en el que emergieron los registros en Estados
Unidos; (2) los actores políticos que incidieron en su expansión; (3) cómo la figura fue
diseminándose en EE. UU y a otras jurisdicciones como España; y (4) cómo los tribunales de
mayor jerarquía han reaccionado ante su imposición. De igual forma, se examinarán los
fundamentos con los que se valida esta figura jurídica, los efectos que su imposición provoca en
la vida de los registrados y en la supuesta seguridad ciudadana. Una vez identificados los
fundamentos de la imposición del registro y los efectos que dicha imposición causa en las personas
ofensoras sexuales podrá afirmarse que el registro es una medida punitiva. De esta manera, se
estará en posición de afirmar si los principios del Derecho Penal deberían anteponerse como
límite a la imposición del registro.This legal comparative study is focused on four aspects of the Sex Offender Registries: (1) the sociological context that emerged from these registries in the United States; (2) on the type of political actors that affected their expansion;(3) on how these registries spread across the United States and other jurisdictions, like Spain; and (4) on how the higher courts have reacted to their imposition. Likewise, it will look at the legal basis that supports this legal figure, the effect it provokes on the lives of sex offenders, and it’s supposed effect on security. Once we identify the basis of imposing sex offender registries ad the effects of such imposition on sex offenders, we will be able to affirm whether the sex offender registry results in a punitive mesure. Consequently, we will be able to affirm whether the principles of criminal law should provide a limit to the imposition of the sex offender registry.
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Kovanda, Lukáš. "Finanční krize a metodologie ekonomie." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196930.
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The thesis deals with significant moments in the relationship between methodology of economics and implications of the financial crisis culminating in 2008 and 2009. Its key insight rests upon the claim that some theoretical concepts developed within mainstream economics do not tackle the reality adequately and contributed in a significant way to the sequence of events leading to the financial crisis. Most of those concepts were introduced in the second half of the 20th century, during a "high tide" of positivistic ideas in the domain of methodology of mainstream economics. Though the same ideas had been already discredited to a large extent by the philosophy of science at the time, mainstream economists did not reflect it satisfactorily. Aside from a historical expose the thesis consists also of an outline of a possible future development of the prevailing form of economic theory; four scenarios of future potential development are presented. In the final parts of the thesis, which are focused more specifically, the author appraises negatively options of the Austrian School as well as post-Keynesianism to influence in a more significant manner the mainstream economics during the post-crisis era.
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Gomez, Elisabeth. "L'imputabilité en droit pénal." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD008/document.
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Après une intrusion chaotique dans la théorie de la responsabilité pénale, l’imputabilité peut aujourd’hui apparaître comme une donnée d’essence classique. Elle répond à une définition subjective faisant consensus en doctrine et supposant l’addition du discernement et d’une volonté libre de l’agent. Dans le prolongement, elle est unanimement entendue comme constituant le fondement de la responsabilité pénale. Cependant, la cohabitation entre les différentes conditions de la responsabilité pénale, en particulier entre les concepts de culpabilité et d’imputabilité, n’est peut-être pas aussi pacifiée qu’il n’y paraît. En réalité, la question de l’indépendance des notions n’a jamais été clairement résolue, car leurs composantes respectives participent des conditions subjectives à l’engagement de la responsabilité pénale. Pourtant, la question est loin d’être anecdotique, en particulier si l’on considère certaines institutions fondamentales du droit pénal, au rang desquelles figurent les notions d’infraction et de complicité. Il apparaît ainsi, à l’analyse, que la définition traditionnelle de l’imputabilité mérite quelques ajustements, conduisant à une reconfiguration du champ de la condition de liberté relevant de l’imputabilité. Cette recherche vise aussi à établir que l’imputabilité est une donnée étrangère à l’infraction concrètement commise. Cette place spécifique au sein de la responsabilité pénale, mettant en évidence le lien entre l’imputabilité et la sanction infligée en rétribution de l’infraction commise, permet d’adopter une vision plus large du concept, susceptible d’affronter le bouleversement consécutif à l’entrée du droit pénal dans l’ère de la post-modernité. Cette dernière, que l’on pourrait associer au néopositivisme pénal du début du siècle, s’est accompagnée d’une résurgence des concepts de risque et de dangerosité. L’impact de cette évolution sur l’imputabilité peut apparaître radical : rupture du caractère unitaire de la notion, émergence du concept d’imputation à l’égard des personnes morales, voire même effacement pur et simple de l’imputabilité à l’égard des personnes physiques. Pourtant, des modalités de restauration de l’exigence d’imputabilité seront envisagées sur les terrains substantiel, par le truchement de l’imputabilité comprise comme capacité pénale, et processuel – par des propositions concernant les procédures pensées en considération de la psychologie de l’agent. Au bout du compte, il apparaît que l’imputabilité est de nature à jouer un rôle décisif dans l’organisation d’une cohabitation raisonnée avec le concept de dangerosité, en condamnant la prise en compte de la dangerosité seulement hypothétique sans exclure la possibilité d’une rétention après la peineAfter a chaotic intrusion in the theory of penal liability, imputability can today appear as a classical notion. The general doctrinal consensus is that it depends on a subjective definition, implying the offender’s discernment and free will. Moreover, the notion of imputability is unanimously considered as the basis of penal liability. However, cohabitation between the various conditions of penal liability, particularly between the concepts of guilt and imputability, may not be as steady as it seems. Indeed, the independence of these notions has actually never been clearly demonstrated, for their respective components represent the subjective conditions creating penal liability. Nevertheless, this topic is far from being anecdotal, specifically among several fundamental institutions of criminal Law, in which the notions of infraction and complicity are involved. Thus, the definition of imputability may deserve some adjustments, and imply, consequently, a reworking of the release condition coming under imputability. This study also aims at proving that imputability is an irrelevant element to the concretely committed offence. This specific part in penal liability, highlighting the link between imputability and the penalty imposed in response to the committed offence, enables a wider vision of the concept that could help facing the upheaval resulting from the entry of criminal Law in the post-modernity era. The latter, that one could associate with the beginning of the century’s penal neopositivism, also implied the resurgence of the concepts of risk and dangerousness. The impact of this evolution about imputability may seem radical : end of the unitary aspect of the notion, emergence of the concept of imputation towards legal entities, and even total erasure of imputability towards natural persons. And yet, some solutions to the reconstitution of the exigence of imputability will be developed, not only in a substantial approach, where imputability will be understood as penal capacity, but also in a procedural approach – thanks to suggestions of procedures taking the offender’s psyche into account. In the end, imputability seems to play a major part in the organization of a balanced cohabitation with the concept of dangerousness, by condemning a strictly hypothetical consideration of dangerousness, without excluding a potential reservation after the penalty
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Nyh, Johan. "From Snow White to Frozen : An evaluation of popular gender representation indicators applied to Disney’s princess films." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36877.
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Simple content analysis methods, such as the Bechdel test and measuring percentage of female talk time or characters, have seen a surge of attention from mainstream media and in social media the last couple of years. Underlying assumptions are generally shared with the gender role socialization model and consequently, an importance is stated, due to a high degree to which impressions from media shape in particular young children’s identification processes. For young girls, the Disney Princesses franchise (with Frozen included) stands out as the number one player commercially as well as in customer awareness. The vertical lineup of Disney princesses spans from the passive and domestic working Snow White in 1937 to independent and super-power wielding princess Elsa in 2013, which makes the line of films an optimal test subject in evaluating above-mentioned simple content analysis methods. As a control, a meta-study has been conducted on previous academic studies on the same range of films. The sampled research, within fields spanning from qualitative content analysis and semiotics to coded content analysis, all come to the same conclusions regarding the general changes over time in representations of female characters. The objective of this thesis is to answer whether or not there is a correlation between these changes and those indicated by the simple content analysis methods, i.e. whether or not the simple popular methods are in general coherence with the more intricate academic methods.Betyg VG (skala IG-VG)
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O’Callaghan, Terry. "Post-positivism in international political theory relativist or revivalist?" Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5387.
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Although the problem of relativism has been a perennial one in human studies, it has only recently become a central issue for international politics. On the one hand, scientific realists have charged post-positivists with espousing a doctrine which amounts to little more than an intellectual free for all. In return, post-positivists argue that to avoid relativism, these scientific realists appeal to a
methodological procedure which can only be described as a fiction. This thesis argues that the scientific realist approach both international political theory and to the problem of relativism is severely and unredeemably flawed. And although I make no claim to solve the problem of relativism, I do argue that a different reading of international theory relativism is possible which allows us to make sense of the current relativism. In other words, I argue that to
simply denounce relativism as a bad in-and-for-itself is short-sighted and overlooks the fact that relativism does make a knowledge claim upon the discipline of international politics. This claim is that as a form of theoretical alienation it forces us to look for its source. I argue that this is to be found in the marginalization of values and history from international theory in favour of a
value-free science. What this tells us is that to avoid relativism we need to bring
values and history back into theory.
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Wu, Yun-Chung, and 吳允中. "Neil MacCormick''s Legal Theory of Post-Positivism." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84135555143711461985.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
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In the last few decades Neil MacCormick has been one of the leading figures in contemporary analytical legal positivism. While there has been a wealth of review on his institutional legal positivism in the early stage, study on his legal theory of self-labelled “post-positivism” in the late stage can scarcely be found. In particular, though he has been treated as a torch-bearer of Hartian tradition, his post-positivistic conception of law “law as institutional normative order” surprisingly present the necessary connection between law and morality, which by no means fits the label of legal positivism. In so doing the tension between legal positivism and natural law theory underlies in his arguments of “post-positivism”. The present paper investigates the trajectory of his thought, and seeks to maintain the significance of “post-positivism” in terms of jurisprudence. In short, the present paper examines if “post-positivism” is promising in the contemporary debate of jurisprudence. By means of textual analysis, the present paper has probed into his practical philosophy, developed a proper interpretation of “post-positivism”, which enables to show how he justifies his thesis. In conclusion, the central tenet of “post-positivism” holds because the term “post-” not only shows the affirmation of the norm-using capacity, which make institutionalization possible, but also shows that the very capacity in the sense of moral autonomy and self-control can be maintained and flourished in the context of civility which positive law can bring about. It follows that law as institutional normative order must be grounded in the aspirational value of legality, namely the communal value of moral autonomy.
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Kowalski, Mateus. "O Direito pela Paz: Contributo para a Superação da "Síndrome das duas Culturas" entre as Relações Internacionais e o Direito Internacional." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/23877.
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Tese de doutoramento em Relações Internacionais, na especialidade de Política Internacional e Resolução de Conflitos, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de CoimbraO problema de partida do presente estudo enquadra-se numa preocupação teórica centrada na dinâmica entre a paz (da perspetiva das Relações Internacionais) e o Direito Internacional. No atual quadro liberal de “fim da história” o Direito Internacional não tem cumprido o seu papel de forma satisfatória porque não tem capacidade para regular adequadamente o poder, quer porque se deixou manipular pela política do poder quer porque simplesmente capitulou face à sua força esmagadora. A isto acresce que certos discursos académicos sobre a paz, como o dos Estudos para a Paz, foram cooptados e deturpados em favor de uma política de paz com tiques hegemónicos. Esta política de paz encontrou algum conforto naquele discurso do Direito Internacional manietado pelo poder. Esta observação, que põe em causa os fundamentos daquela relação, indicia a existência de uma crise da dinâmica entre a paz e o Direito Internacional. O argumento subjacente ao presente estudo é, então, o de que a superação da crise de relacionamento entre a paz e o Direito Internacional no quadro liberal atualmente dominante exige a visualização da relação por outra perspetiva teórica. Uma perspetiva que receba os impactos da incapacidade de resposta das teorias da paz liberal e dos seus correspondentes no Direito Internacional e que arranque daí para um exercício que, por ser feito de outras paisagens – mais micro e em que a emancipação tem um papel central –, desafiará o Direito Internacional a ir também em busca de outros referentes. Neste sentido, foram traçados três grandes objetivos sequenciais para a tese. Em primeiro lugar, investigar a existência de uma dinâmica relevante entre a paz e o Direito Internacional, sendo analisado para tal o período que decorre entre o final da Primeira Grande Guerra e o final da Guerra Fria (Parte I). Depois, em segundo lugar, evidenciar a crise desta dinâmica no contexto liberal dominante, identificando igualmente possíveis insuficiências e contradições da narrativa, e demonstrando as suas consequências (Parte II). Finalmente, e em terceiro lugar, equacionar uma narrativa alternativa de inspiração pós-positivista como caminho para novas formas teóricas de sustentação de uma narrativa entre a paz e o Direito Internacional (Parte III). A estratégia de investigação assentou numa ampla e sólida carga teórica. A revisão bibliográfica constituiu, pois, o elemento base para este estudo. No que respeita à metodologia foram privilegiados os seguintes métodos: a recolha de dados documentais preexistentes (literatura específica de cada um dos domínios científicos em análise e documentos oficiais) e a análise de conteúdo. Percorrido este percurso, foi possível concluir que existe uma dinâmica implícita entre os discursos da paz e do Direito, que essa dinâmica se encontra atualmente em crise e que a narrativa proposta do “Direito pela paz” – simultaneamente “segundo a paz” e “para a paz” numa perspetiva diversa da teoria da “paz pelo Direito” proposta por Kelsen –, de base pós-positivista, é uma alternativa teórica viável para a relação entre as duas variáveis no contexto de uma “comunidade moral”. Uma narrativa alternativa assente num discurso explícito que pode ter efeitos concretos positivos na superação do modelo liberal vigente, em direção a uma paz emancipatória, empática e do quotidiano, reforçada por um Direito dotado de uma mesma ontologia e epistemologia. O presente estudo tece igualmente contributos para: alinhavar de forma explícita as bases para a criação teórica interdisciplinar que permita a maximização do contributo do Direito para a paz, bem como servir de referente para manifestações práticas futuras; a atualização da teoria sobre a relação entre o Direito e a paz; reforçar a ideia da abordagem interdisciplinar como metodologia de leitura, análise e construção socio-internacional, contribuindo em concreto para a superação da “síndrome das duas culturas”; uma revisão de bibliografia que poderá contribuir para outras investigações direcionadas para uma análise conjunta do Direito e das Relações Internacionais, em particular no que respeita à paz.
The problem underlying this thesis has to be seen within a theoretical concern centered on the dynamic interplay between peace (from the perspective of International Relations) and International Law. In the current context of the liberal ‘end of history’ narrative, International Law has not satisfactorily fulfilled its role, since it is unable to properly regulate power, either because it let itself to be manipulated by power politics or because it simply capitulated to the overwhelming strength of power. Moreover, certain academic discourses on peace, as the one by the Peace Studies, were co-opted and distorted in favour of a peace policy with hegemonic tendencies. This peace policy has found a comfort zone in that International Law discourse handcuffed by power. This observation, while calling into question the fundamentals of that relationship, shows that the dynamic interplay between liberal peace and International Law faces a crisis. This thesis is based on the argument that in order to overcome the crisis faced by the interplay between peace and International Law within the currently dominant liberal framework, a new theoretical approach is needed. An approach that embraces the impact of the inability of liberal peace theories as well as of its corresponding International Law postulates to respond and then, taking this as its starting point, begins an exercise which, for being made from other outlines – more micro and where emancipation plays a central role –, will challenge International Law to also search for other elements of reference. Three major sequential objectives were therefore outlined for the thesis. The purpose of this study is first, to investigate the existence of a relevant dynamic between peace and International Law. To that end the period between the end of the First World War and the end of the Cold War was analyzed (Part I). Second, to highlight the crisis of this dynamic interplay in the dominant liberal context and, by doing this, identify possible shortcomings and contradictions of the narrative and demonstrate its consequences (Part II). Third, to consider a narrative in a post-positivist framework as a path to new theoretical forms that may support an alternative narrative on peace and International Law (Part III). The research strategy was based on a solid and broad theoretical approach. The literature review is therefore the basic element for this study. With regard to methodology, the following methods were featured: collection of documentary data (literature specific to each scientific domain under consideration and official documents), as well as content analysis. At the end of this study it was possible to conclude that there is an implicit dynamic between the discourses of peace and Law, that this dynamic is presently facing a crisis and that the proposed narrative of "Law trough Peace" – simultaneously "according to peace" and "for peace" seen from a different perspective to the one proposed by Kelsen’s "Peace through Law" theory –, within a post-positivist approach, is a viable theoretical alternative for the relationship between the two variables within the context of a "moral community". An alternative narrative based on an explicit discourse that may have tangible positive effects on the overcoming of the prevailing liberal model, toward an emancipatory, empathic, and everyday peace, enhanced by a Law endowed with the same ontology and epistemology. Moreover, this study also intends to contribute to: build explicitly the basis for the interdisciplinary theoretical creation that will enable the maximization of the contribution of Law to peace, as well as serve as a reference for future practical manifestations; update the theory on the relationship between Law and peace; reinforce the idea of an interdisciplinary approach as a method of sociointernational reading, analyzing and building and, in doing so, contributing in particular to overcome the ‘two cultures syndrome’; a review of literature that may contribute to other research directed to a joint analysis of Law and International Relations, in particular with regard to peace.
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
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Plourde, Anne. "Le marxisme dialectique face aux grands courants d'analyse en sciences sociales : une critique des analyses positivistes et post-modernistes de la crise de l'état-providence." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/854/1/M10206.pdf.
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Ce mémoire se veut une critique réflexiviste et marxiste des courants d'analyse positiviste et post-moderniste. Son sujet est la crise de l'État-providence, et la littérature -néo-insitutionnaliste et discursiviste -qui le concerne constitue la matière dans laquelle s'incarne notre critique. Notre démarche, qui se situe à un niveau épistémologique, consiste d'une part à identifier les fondements ontologiques, épistémologiques et normatifs de ces courants et à voir comment ils se manifestent au niveau de l'analyse spécifique. Elle consiste d'autre part à montrer comment ces présupposés fondamentaux sont liés, au niveau de l'analyse spécifique, à un champ visuel plus ou moins large, qui s'inscrit lui-même dans une vision sociale du monde particulière. Notre critique permet de constater que, alors qu'elles se fondent sur des présupposés fondamentaux apparemment incompatibles, les analyses néo-institutionnalistes et discursivistes de la crise de l'État-providence tombent dans des écueils similaires. Nous soutenons que les courants d'analyse positiviste et post-moderniste, malgré la diversité de leurs fondements, partagent un horizon idéologique conservateur qui restreint leur champ visuel et les condamne à une analyse tronquée, éclectique et antinomique de la crise de l'État-providence. À travers notre démarche, nous espérons mettre en relief la dimension dialectique du marxisme et
souligner sa pertinence comme approche alternative pour analyser la crise de
l' État-providence. Un approfondissement de cette approche devra néanmoins passer par une critique des analyses d'inspiration marxiste mais non dialectiques de la crise de l'État-providence, impossible à réaliser dans le cadre limité de ce mémoire. Si nous tentons en conclusion de jeter les bases d'une telle approche, nous ne pouvons ici qu'entrevoir la richesse de la méthode dialectique du marxisme. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : État-providence, Crise, Marxisme, Dialectique, Positivisme, Post-modernisme.
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Kadiyala, Aparna. "Botswana student teachers' views on the nature of science and scientific method: a critical reflection." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2523.
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The assumption of the present study is that teachers should possess an adequate understanding of the nature of science and scientific method and hence this aspect was investigated. The empirical research carried out with Secondary School teacher trainees at Botswana colleges of education showed the following:
Subjects possess an adequate understanding of some aspects of the nature of science and several aspects of the scientific method. They however do not have an adequate understanding on certain aspects of the nature of science. An association was found between the nature of science, type of educational institution attended, years of study and majoring in science. A positive association was found between scientific method and years spent studying. The present study recommended the inclusion of history, philosophy and sociology of science in the curriculum of teacher education.Educational Studies
M. Ed. (with specialisation in Natural Science Education)
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Delmastro, Matthew. "Nová Amerika podle Trumpa: Identita, diskurz a zahraniční politika." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438012.
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This study focuses on the construction of American identity over time as it relates to U.S. foreign policy. It is based on the insights of poststructuralism and variants of discourse theory. In particular, the study depicts the historical development of identity representations within U.S. foreign policy discourse from 2008 to 2020, in order to demonstrate how the ongoing construction of identity enabled Donald Trump's disruptive foreign policy. Much of identity research in IR focuses on Self/Other relationships and understudies affirmative representations of identity. The current study fills this research gap by examining processes of affirmative linking in the construction of identity. The main results of the study found that the Trump administration's identity representations radically diverged from those of the Obama administration. The latter articulated America predominantly as a leader in the world, while the former reconstructed American identity as one of being a victim. However, two representations of American identity stayed constant: America as an inspiration to others and America as a force for good in the world.
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Mosese, Nthabiseng Mamotho. "Evaluating the effectiveness of the use of information and communication technology in the teaching and learning of trigonometry functions in grade 12." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23449.
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The high school pass rate, for mathematics, in South Africa is very low. This is particularly so in trigonometry functions. One of the possible factors leading to this is the traditional method of teaching and learning. This study was undertaken to determine whether the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) would influence students’ learning of trigonometry functions. In order to answer this question the teaching and learning instructions developed were based on activity theory (AT) and action, process, object, and schema (APOS) theory. The study followed a non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental design with a pre- post-test approach. Since it was not possible to randomly select participants for the study, intact groups were used. There were two groups: a control and an experimental one. Both groups wrote a standardized achievement pre-test to establish their comparability at the beginning of the study.
While the control group was taught in the traditional way (grade 10-12 syllabus), the experimental group used the software Geogebra. The computer software (Geogebra) and the South African grade 10-12 syllabus for trigonometry functions were used during the lessons of the experimental group. At the end of the study, a similar post-test was administered on both groups to measure the comparative effects of either of the teaching methods on the performance of students. A t-test independent sample statistical analysis was performed on the findings using a statistics package, SPSS. The results of this investigation indicated that the use of the computer software, Geogebra, in the teaching and learning of trigonometry functions improved the performance of the Grade 12 students.Mathematics Education
M. Sc. (Mathematics Education)
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Mobara, Soraya. "Survey of South African expatriate teacher attitudes towards inclusive education in private and international schools in Oman." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19125.
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Inclusive education is an international philosophy that places emphasis on the provision of special education services to students with special learning needs within regular classrooms. Teachers, regardless of where in the world they are, require positive attitudes to engage in discussions, adapt curricula, develop strategies and acquire the necessary knowledge and skills for the implementation of inclusionary practices. The aim and rationale for this study was to explore the attitudes of South Africans as expatriates in a foreign country (Oman) at schools where inclusion was recently implemented but where little research was conducted in the area. In addition, the purpose was also to gain more knowledge about the elements that may influence teacher attitudes towards inclusion.
A quantitative approach was employed and an online questionnaire was used to obtain data. The small sample (N=35) limited findings to descriptive statistics only. The study revealed that most teachers held positive attitudes towards the fundamental principles of inclusive education but teachers held negative attitudes towards the practical implementation of inclusion within classrooms. Teachers who received training were more positive to supporting inclusion. Male teachers expressed greater negativity than female teachers towards inclusionary practices in schools but then male teachers were more supportive and willing to undertake training, engage in teacher support and work collaboratively. Teachers teaching older groups of students appear to be less knowledgeable and less prepared or equipped to deal with inclusion. Teachers with less teaching experience held more positive attitudes towards inclusive education.
Recommendations were made to provide suggestions of ways to eliminate and discourage negative attitudes and research based recommendations for future research were listed.Inclusive Education
M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)
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"Teachers’ mo(u)rning stories: A living narrative inquiry into teachers’ identities on emergent high school inquiry landscapes." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-08-1154.
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This particular telling and retelling from a living narrative inquiry (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000) into the early experiences of three high school science teachers – Beth, Joel, and Christina – explores the emergent inquiry landscapes constructed as we implemented a renewed, decolonizing, science curriculum in Saskatchewan founded on a philosophy of inquiry and on a broader, more holistic definition of scientific literacy, both Western and Indigenous. This inquiry draws on an ontology of lived experience (Dewey, 1938) and, more subtly, on the borderland of narrative inquiry and complexity science in order to illustrate the emergence and coming to knowing (Delandshire, 2002; Ermine, as cited in Aikenhead, 2002) of our identities in a way that avoids the reduction in complexity of our experiences. While my initial wonders persisted throughout the research as I lived alongside Beth, Joel, and Christina for two years, they diffracted into the contextualized wonder: how do we share a philosophy of inquiry with each other and with our students? As such, this inquiry is a sharing about our own identities, about our own agency, about identity work, and about which experiences we choose to (re)engage with as we attempt to (re)find the narrative diversity, both individual and collective, necessary to shift from enacted identities to 'wished-we-could-enact' identities. This exploration of our 'mo(u)rning stories', early experiences from our shifting identities after stepping through the liminal and onto emergent inquiry landscapes, or our 'stories to relive with' provides a language and context to our shifting identities and hence, to science education, as we move towards a more holistic and humanistic form of scientific literacy for all our students. What emerged through the enmeshing of our landscapes and through the construction of voids in existing practices, followed by deformalizations in assessment and planning, was the development of a way of sharing our philosophy of inquiry and hence, our shifting identities. The artifacting and sharing of our contextualized inquiry experiences highlighted the rich assessment making, and curriculum making experiences (Huber, Murphy & Clandinin, 2011) we shared with our students and highlighted a view of assessment as a relationship. As we told and retold our stories to relive with, our identities shifted towards those more akin to facilitator and anthropologist and away from sage and engineer/architect.