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Journal articles on the topic 'Post-partum depression'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Chandra, P. S., and P. Sudhir. "Post-partum depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 1 (January 2006): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.1.84.

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2

Mitran, Mihai, and Daniela Stan. "The post-partum depression." Ginecologia.ro 1, no. 15 (2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/gine.15.1.2017.509.

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3

Diorgu, Faith C. "Beside Somatization Symptoms Post-Partum Depression Symptoms are Expressed." Journal of Advanced Research in Psychology & Psychotherapy 02, no. 02 (June 7, 2019): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2581.5822.201907.

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4

Jamrog, Sandra. "Video Review: Post Partum Depression." Journal of Human Lactation 7, no. 3 (September 1991): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033449100700331.

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5

Rouillon, F., M. Thalassinos, H. D. Miller, and T. Lemperiere. "Folates and post partum depression." Journal of Affective Disorders 25, no. 4 (August 1992): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(92)90081-g.

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6

Roseth⁎, I., and U. Fredrik Malt. "Phenomenological differences between post-partum depression and non-post-partum depression. A systematic review." Journal of Affective Disorders 122 (April 2010): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.050.

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7

Cooper, Peter J., Mark Tomlinson, Leslie Swartz, Matthew Woolgar, Lynne Murray, and Christopher Molteno. "Post-partum depression and the mother-infant relationship in a South African peri-urban settlement." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 6 (December 1999): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.6.554.

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BackgroundPost-partum depression in the developing world has received tittle research attention, and its association with disturbances in the mother–infant relationship is unknown.AimsTo determine the prevalence of post-partum depression and associated disturbances in the mother–infant relationship in Khayelitsha, a South African peri-urban settlement.MethodThe mental state of 147 women who had delivered two months previously was assessed, and the quality of their engagement with their infants was determined.ResultsThe point prevalence of DSM–IV major depression was found to be 34.7%. Maternal depression was associated with poor emotional and practical support from the partner. It was also associated with insensitive engagement with the infants.ConclusionsThe rate of post-partum depression in Khayelitsha was around three times that found in British post-partum samples, and these depressions were strongly associated with disturbances in the mother–infant relationship.
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Chalmers, Beverley E., and Bernard M. Chalmers. "Post-Partum Depression: a Revised Perspective." Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 5, no. 2 (January 1986): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01674828609016746.

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9

Sharma, Verinder, and Christine Baczynski. "Is bipolar post-partum depression overlooked?" Lancet Psychiatry 6, no. 11 (November 2019): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30386-4.

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10

Misri, Shaila, and Margaret Duke. "Depression During Pregnancy and Post-partum." Journal SOGC 17, no. 7 (July 1995): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0849-5831(16)30216-6.

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11

Harris, Brian. "Post-partum Thyroid Dysfunction and Post-natal Depression." Annals of Medicine 25, no. 3 (January 1993): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853899309147866.

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12

Pop, Victor J. M., Gerard G. M. Essed, Cees A. de Geus, Maarten M. van Son, and Ivan H. Komproe. "Prevalence of post partum depression: or is it post-puerperium depression?" Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 72, no. 5 (January 1993): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016349309021112.

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13

Tiwana, Maida. "A Review of Post-Partum Depression-Why is the Mom Sad!" Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics 5, no. 3 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jqhe-16000277.

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Pregnancy is a harbinger of life. It is a phase of life where a new life is stemming from a mother’s womb. This journey is full of surprises and ups and downs but nonetheless it is filled with hope, dreams and happiness for an offspring that will be known as your “child”. For some mothers this journey brings its own set of struggles and hardships. One of that being the postpartum depression and an extreme version called Psychosis. Sometimes, even in early pregnancy the bouts of sadness become so intense that the mother to be is full of guilt and feels overwhelmed to the point of causing harm to herself. Many women in the world suffer from perinatal and postpartum depression. The world needs to engage in more research on ways to protect the mental health of a new mom. The policy to devise methods and ways to ensure there is enough support for new moms is not a new area of interest but there is no new approach to the same old problems. This article explores the history of postpartum depression and how it became a matter of policy. The legislation and more means needed to bring relief to mothers who do not have a support network are indeed needed.
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14

Zelkowitz, Phyllis, and H. Milet Tamara. "Screening for Post-Partum Depression in a Community Sample." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (March 1995): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379504000205.

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Objective This study undertook to estimate the prevalence of post-partum depression in the community by means of telephone screening. Demographic correlates of post-partum depression were also investigated. Method The sample was identified through two community health centres. Over a period of 17 months, 1559 childbearing women were screened at six weeks post-partum, using the ten-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results The prevalence of post-partum depression was estimated to be 6.2%, using a outpoint of 10 on the EPDS, and 3.4% using the more stringent cut point of 12. Women who were not working, or those with lower occupational status, were at greater risk for depression. Recent immigrants, particularly those who were not working or who had given birth to a second child, were also at higher risk. Conclusion Telephone screening for post-partum depression is feasible, and can aid in the identification of women at risk.
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15

Nieland, Martin N. S., and Derek Roger. "Symptoms in post-partum and non-post-partum samples: Implications for postnatal depression." Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 15, no. 1 (February 1997): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646839708404531.

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16

Hannah, Patricia, Diana Adams, Angela Lee, Vivette Glover, and M. Sandler. "Links Between Early Post-partum Mood and Post-natal Depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 6 (June 1992): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.6.777.

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The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to rate 217 patients at five days and six weeks post-partum. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the two scores, together with similar symptom profiles. Of the 25 women who suffered postnatal depression (6–week EPDS score ≥13), 17 had similar symptoms in the first week postpartum (5–day EPDS score ≥10). Low birth weight of the baby, delivery by Caesarean section, a delivery much more difficult than expected, and bottle feeding were all significantly associated with a high EPDS score in the first week post-partum. Bottle feeding and delivery by Caesarean section were the only factors associated with depression at the sixth week. A recollection of low mood after a previous birth was also associated with post-natal depression after the current birth. This, together with an EPDS score of 13 or more at five days post-partum, increased the risk of post-natal depression at six weeks 85–fold.
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17

Lindayani, I. Komang, and Gusti Ayu Marhaeni. "PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO DEPRESI POST PARTUM DI KOTA DENPASAR TAHUN 2019." Jurnal Midwifery Update (MU) 2, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32807/jmu.v2i2.94.

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Depresi post partum dapat dialami oleh ibu nifas sejak 2 minggu sampai dengan 1 tahun setelah melahirkan. Kondisi ini jika dideteksi sejak awal dan dapat penanganan yang tepat, akan dapat mencegah masalah lebih lanjut. Identifikasi gejala depresi dan faktor risiko terjadinya depresi post partum penting dilakukan. Kuesioner Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)sudah sangat umum digunakan di seluruh dunia untuk mendeteksi adanya depresi post partum dengan tingkat sensitivitas sebesar 80% dan spesifitas 84,4%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung prevalensi kejadian depresi post partum di Kota Denpasar Tahun 2019, mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian depresi post partu dan menganalisis hubungan antara faktor risiko yang ditemukan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 3 (tiga) puskesmas rawat inap yaitu Puskesmas I Denpasar Timur, IV Denpasar Selatan dan II Denpasar Barat. Responden berjumlah 67 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner EPDS, kuesioner faktor yang terkait dengan kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas, dan kuesioner faktor sosial. Analisis univariat dengan menghitung proporsi, analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square dan analisis multivariate dengan menggunakan regresi logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi kejadian depresi post partum sebesar 25,4%. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kejadian depresi post partum antara lain : jenis keluarga, nutrisi untuk bayi dan dukungan keluarga. Sedangkan faktor risiko usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan keluarga, paritas, status kehamilan, komplikasi persalinan dan jenis kelamin bayi tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan. Hasil regresi logistik menunjukkan nutrisi untuk bayi memiliki hubungan yang paling kuat dengan kejadian depresi post partum. Post partum depression can be experienced by postpartum mothers from 2 weeks to 1 year after giving birth. This condition, if detected early and can be handled properly, will be able to prevent further problems. Identification of depressive symptoms and risk factors for post partum depression is important. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire has been very commonly used worldwide to detect post partum depression with a sensitivity level of 80% and a specificity of 84.4%. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of post partum depression events in Denpasar City in 2019, determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of post partum depression and analyze the relationship between risk factors found. This research is an observational research with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in 3 (three) inpatient puskesmas, namely Puskesmas I Denpasar Timur, IV Denpasar Selatan and II Denpasar Barat. Respondents numbered 67 people. The instruments used were EPDS questionnaire, factor questionnaire related to pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium, and social factor questionnaire. Univariate analysis by calculating proportions, bivariate analysis using the Chi Square test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.The results showed the prevalence of post partum depression was 25.4%. Risk factors significantly related to the incidence of post partum depression include: type of family, nutrition for infants and family support. While risk factors for age, education, occupation, family income, parity, pregnancy status, complications of childbirth and sex of the baby did not show a significant relationship. Logistic regression results show that nutrition for infants has the strongest association with the incidence of post partum depression.
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18

Leite, F., O. Campos, H. Salgado, and P. Carvalho. "Post-partum psychosis." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2344.

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IntroductionPostpartum psychosis (or puerperal psychosis) is a term that covers a group of mental illnesses with the sudden onset of psychotic symptoms following childbirth. A typical example occurs when after childbirth, a woman becomes irritable, has extreme mood swings and hallucinations with the possibility of needing psychiatric hospitalization. Often, out of fear of stigma or misunderstanding, women hide their condition.Aims and objectivesTo review the evidence regarding prophylactic treatment and acute management of postpartum psychosis and affective disorders in the puerperium.MethodsOnline search/review of the literature has been carried out, using Medline/Pubmed, concerning “postpartum psychosis”, “postpartum”, “mental disorders”, “mania” and “depression”.ResultsPostpartum psychosis is a rare and severe psychiatric condition requiring rapid restoration of health in view of significant risks to both mother and the infant. The known risk factors and negative consequences of postpartum psychosis point to the importance of preventive and acute treatment measures. The majority of patients who develop psychosis immediately following childbirth suffer from bipolar disorder.ConclusionsUnderstanding the relationship between postpartum psychosis and affective disorders has implications for perinatal and long-term treatment. The rapid and accurate diagnosis of postpartum psychosis is essential to expedite appropriate treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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19

Sarosh, Muntiha, Faiza Ghafoor, and Shumaila Shakoor. "Association between Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy and Postpartum Mental Health." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216242.

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Aim: To determine the relation between prevalence of Postpartum Depression and varying degrees of severity of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy. Study design: A cross sectional study . Place & duration of study: Department of Obs. & Gynae, Avicenna Hospital, Lahore from June 2020 to December 2021. Methodology: A total of 220 women with and without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (110 in each group) delivered during this period were enrolled in the study. A survey in the post partum period from second to sixth week postpartum was carried out. It was done according to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess the effect of severity of Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to develop new-onset postpartum depression. Results: 220 women were enrolled in the study. Among them Forty five women showed sign and symptoms of post partum depression. On the other hand 175 had no manifestation of depression according to the scale. The prevalence of PPD was 27 % (30/110) in women with hypertensive disorders, being twice the value in normotensive subjects (13.6%). The risk of Post partum depression surged with the aggressiveness of hypertensive disease in pregnancy. Conclusion: Preeclampsia has an independent association with Post partum depression. The risk of Post partum depressive disorder seemed to increase with the rising severity of hypertension in pregnancy. Therefore support and additional preventive strategies should be planned for women with Preeclampsia to reduce the likelihood of Post partum deterioration of mental health. Keywords: Hypertensive disorders in Pregnancy, Preeclampsia , Postpartum Depression.
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20

Tufts, Jennifer A. "Brexanolone injection for post-partum depression treatment." Lancet 394, no. 10196 (August 2019): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30727-5.

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21

Tang, George Y., and Jay Parekh. "Brexanolone injection for post-partum depression treatment." Lancet 394, no. 10196 (August 2019): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30714-7.

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22

Tambelli, Renata, Giulia Ballarotto, Carmen Trumello, and Alessandra Babore. "Transition to Motherhood: A Study on the Association between Somatic Symptoms during Pregnancy and Post-Partum Anxiety and Depression Symptoms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 12861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912861.

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Several authors found that somatic symptoms during pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, and levels of sleep, and fear of childbirth were associated with women’s post-partum psychopathological difficulties. The present study aimed to verify whether fear of childbirth can mediate the relationship between some somatic symptoms experienced during pregnancy (i.e., nausea, vomiting, and daily sleep duration) and the post-partum depressive and anxious symptoms. N = 258 mothers of children between 3 and 6 months of age filled out self-report questionnaires assessing somatic symptoms during pregnancy, fear of childbirth, and anxious and depressive symptoms during post-partum. Results showed that levels of vomiting during pregnancy (but not nausea and daily sleep duration) was associated with post-partum depression and anxiety. Furthermore, findings showed that fear of childbirth partially mediated the relationships between the levels of vomiting during pregnancy and post-partum state anxiety and depression. These results can have several clinical implications, allowing to implement preventive programs for post-partum depression, considering vomiting and fear of childbirth as important risk factors.
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23

Zeleke, Tadele Amare, Wondale Getinet, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, and Kassahun Gebeyehu. "Prevalence and associated factors of post-partum depression in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0247005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247005.

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Background Globally, post-partum depression is a major public health problem and is associated with a harmful effect on the infant, child, and mothers’ mental, physical, and social health. Although a few post-partum depression studies have been published, we still lack an accurate estimated pooled prevalence of national PPD and associated factors. Objectives This study aims to show the estimated pooled prevalence of PPD and associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods We conduct the extensive search of articles as indicated in the guideline (PRISMA), reporting systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, psych INFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. All publications and grey literature were addressed by using MeSH terms and keywords. The pooled estimated effect of post-partum depression and associated factors was analyzed using the random effect model meta-analysis, and 95% CI was also considered. Protocol and registration PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020176769 Available from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176769. Result A total of 11 studies with 7,582 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression (PPD) was 22.08%, with a 95% CI (17.66%, 26.49). For factors associated with post-partum depression, a random effect size model was used during meta-analysis; unplanned pregnancy [(OR = 2.84; 95% CI (2.04, 3.97)], domestic violence [OR = 3.14; 95% CI (2.59, 3.80)], and poor social support [OR = 3.57;95% CI (2.29,5.54) were positively associated factors with post-partum depression. Conclusion and recommendation The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression was high in Ethiopia. Unplanned pregnancy, poor social support, and domestic violence were factors affecting PPD. Therefore, the Ethiopian policymakers and health personnel better give more emphasis to mothers who had a history of unplanned pregnancy, domestic violence, and poor social support
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Chandran, Mani, Prathap Tharyan, Jayaprakash Muliyil, and Sulochana Abraham. "Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 6 (December 2002): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.6.499.

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BackgroundCommunity-based epidemiological data on post-partum depression from developing countries are scarce.AimsTo determine the incidence of and risk factors for developing post-partum depression in a cohort of women living in rural south India.MethodWe assessed 359 women in the last trimester of pregnancy and 6–12 weeks after delivery for depression and for putative risk factors.ResultsThe incidence of post-partum depression was 11% (95% CI 7.1–14.9). Low income, birth of a daughter when a son was desired, relationship difficulties with mother-in-law and parents, adverse life events during pregnancy and lack of physical help were risk factors for the onset of post-partum depression.ConclusionsDepression occurred as frequently during late pregnancy and after delivery as in developed countries, but there were cultural differences in risk factors. These findings have implications for policies regarding maternal and child-care programmes.
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25

Saad, Rahmiyani, and Leli Leli. "Post-Partum Depression at the Regional Special Hospital of South Sulawesi Province." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study 3, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrmhss.v3i1.252.

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Pregnancy and give birth period is period of life that full of stress potential. Women in pregnancy period and post partum period, incline feels high stress exactly because of having physical condition limitedness that health workers her to do activity and having adaption process become a mother. This period have potential post partum depression. The aims of to do this research is qualitative method with analyze descriptive with collecting data primer technique by independent interview. the research is showed that long labor, parity, mother disease history, husband support, labor with action having potential feels post partum depression. The expect of post partum mother to do communication for all of problems of others that want to express. To talk about worry that happened have sincere attitude to accept activity and new role after labor flexible to learn be calm and consultancy to doctor or professional person in order to minimalize risk factor in order to post partum depression can be involved.
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26

Sanjuan, J., R. Martin-Santos, L. Garcia-Esteve, J. M. Carot, R. Guillamat, A. Gutierrez-Zotes, I. Gornemann, et al. "Mood changes after delivery: role of the serotonin transporter gene." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 5 (November 2008): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045427.

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BackgroundPolymorphic variations in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) moderate the depressogenic effects of tryptophan depletion. After childbirth there is a sharp reduction in brain tryptophan availability, thus polymorphic variations in5-HTTmay play a similar role in the post-partum period.AimsTo study the role of5-HTTpolymorphic variations in mood changes after delivery.MethodOne thousand, eight hundred and four depression-free Spanish women were studied post-partum. We evaluated depressive symptoms at 2–3 days, 8 weeks and 32 weeks post-partum. We used diagnostic interview to confirm major depression for all probable cases. Based on two polymorphisms of5-HTT(5-HTTLPR and STin2 VNTR), three genotype combinations were created to reflect different levels of5-HTTexpression.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-three women (12.7%) experienced major depression during the 32-week post-partum period. Depressive symptoms were associated with the high-expression5-HTTgenotypes in a dose–response fashion at 8 weeks post-partum, but not at 32 weeks.ConclusionsHigh-expression5-HTTgenotypes may render women more vulnerable to depressive symptoms after childbirth.
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Lee, Dominic T. S., Alexander S. K. Yip, Tony Y. S. Leung, and Tony K. H. Chung. "Ethnoepidemiology of postnatal depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 1 (January 2004): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.1.34.

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BackgroundAlthough there have been many studies of the biological and psychosocial causations of postnatal depression, studies of sociocultural risk factors are rare.AimsTo investigate the sociocultural risk factors of postnatal depression using ethnographically informed epidemiological methods.MethodAtotal of 959 women were assessed at their first ante-partum visit (baseline), in the third trimester, immediately after delivery, and 3 months post-partum. Six domains of risk factors were examined. The dependent variable was postnatal depression (as defined by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) at 3 months post-partum.ResultsConflict with mother-in-law, marital dissatisfaction, past depression and antenatal depression independently predicted the occurrence of postnatal depression. The cultural practice of peiyue – a Chinese post-partum custom of mandated family support – was associated with better social support and a slightly lower risk of postnatal depression.ConclusionsSociocultural aspects of the immediate puerperium shape maternal emotional well-being. In-law conflict is an important source of household distress in many Asian societies. The findings have implications for clinical practice and future studies.
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Sivasundari Maharajan, Dhanvarsha Sumaldha Subbiah Ramkumar, Nimrah Amthul, and Shrutiravali. "Prevalence Of Post Partum Depression Among Postnatal Women At A Tertiary Care Centre Using Edinburgh Post Partum Depression Scale." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 2395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i4.4875.

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Postpartum depression is a grave mental health problem, which is more prevalent than society realizes and poses great risk. It has been associated with lack of breastfeeding, aversion towards the baby and negative impact on the development of the child. A total of 300 women who delivered between January 14 to March 31 of 2020 at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital were chosen following ethical clearance. After explaining the aspects of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale in their native language, the questionnaire was provided. A score of 10 and above were considered positive. Data were evaluated using SPSS and Chi square test. The prevalence of PPD was seen in 14% of women. It was higher with vaginal delivery, in women who had multiple births, lack of financial and social support, with domestic violence and alcoholic partner. Medical help was advised to women who scored 10 and above; only 5% sought medical intervention. Others did not recognize depression as a health issue. This shows the lack of awareness among the population. Medical health professionals should spread awareness, conduct more studies to evaluate the prevalence, the predisposing factors, methods for early diagnosis and ways to help women overcome “THE OTHER SIDE OF MOTHERHOOD”.
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Cooper, Peter J., Lynne Murray, Anji Wilson, and Helena Romaniuk. "Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 182, no. 5 (May 2003): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.5.412.

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BackgroundPsychological interventions for postnatal depression can be beneficial in the short term but their longer-term impact is unknown.AimsTo evaluate the long-term effect on maternal mood of three psychological treatments in relation to routine primary care.MethodWomen with post-partum depression (n=193) were assigned randomly to one of four conditions: routine primary care, non-directive counselling, cognitive–behavioural therapy or psychodynamic therapy. They were assessed immediately after the treatment phase (at 4.5 months) and at 9, 18 and 60 months post-partum.ResultsCompared with the control, all three treatments had a significant impact at 4.5 months on maternal mood (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS). Only psychodynamic therapy produced a rate of reduction in depression (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–III–R) significantly superior to that of the control. The benefit of treatment was no longer apparent by 9 months post-partum. Treatment did not reduce subsequent episodes of post-partum depression.ConclusionsPsychological intervention for post-partum depression improves maternal mood (EPDS) in the short term. However, this benefit is not superior to spontaneous remission in the long term.
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Solehati, Tetti, Aat Sriati, and Cecep Eli Kosasih. "Intervensi untuk Mengurangi Depresi Postpartum." Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.2.2020.177-184.

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Depressi Postpartum sering terjadi setelah melahirkan yang terjadi akibat adanya Riwayat gangguan dysphoric premenstrual sebelumnya, stres psikososial, dan dukungan sosial yang tidak memadai bagi ibu. Diperlukan intervensi untuk mencegah terjadinya depressi postpartum selama masa kehamilan, persalinan dan postpartum. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui intervensi yang efektif dalam mencegah depresi post partum. Metode pencarian literature secara komprehensif dilakukan melalui Database EBSCO ditermukan 6.620 artikel dan sciendierect 21.163 artikel. Setelah melakukan penyaringan, diperolah 5 artikel yang memenuhi syarat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat lima intervensi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi kondisi depresi postpostpartum, antara lain: terapi pendidikan terstruktur, terapi thought stopping, terapi managing our mood (MOM), terapi relaksasi musik, dan intervensi pemberian suplemen zat besi. Kesimpulan berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa terapi pendidikan terstruktur, terapi thought stopping, terapi managing our mood (MOM), terapi relaksasi music, dan intervensi pemberian suplemen zat besi efektif dalam mencegah atau mengurangi depresi post partum. Kata kunci: depresi postpartum, intervensi, pencegahan INTERVENTION TO REDUCE POST-PARTUM DEPRESSION ABSTRACTPostpartum depression often occurs after childbirth, which results from a history of previous premenstrual dysphoric disorders, psychosocial stress, and inadequate social support for the mother. Interventions are needed to prevent postpartum depression during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The aim of the study was to find out effective interventions in preventing post-partum depression. A comprehensive literature search was carried out through the EBSCO Database found 6,620 articles and 21,163 ScienceDirect articles. After screening, 5 articles were obtained which fulfilled the requirements. There were five interventions that could be carried out to reduce post-postpartum depression, including structured educational therapy, thought stopping therapy, managing our mood (MOM) therapy, music relaxation therapy, and iron supplementation interventions. This study can be concuded that structured educational therapy, thought stopping therapy, managing our mood (MOM) therapy, music relaxation therapy, and iron supplementation interventions are effective in preventing or reducing post-partum depression. Keywords: intervention, prevention, post-partum depression
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O'hara, Michael W. "Post-partum ‘blues,’ depression, and psychosis: A review." Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 7, no. 3 (January 1987): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01674828709040280.

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Viţelariu, Roxana Anamaria, Diana Vulea, and Remus Şipoş. "Post-partum depression – prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic approach." Medic.ro 1, no. 139 (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/med.5.1.2021.4591.

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Harris, Brian, Hedi Fung, Sandra Johns, Minosh Kologlu, R. Bhatti, Alan M. McGregor, Colin J. Richards, and Reginald Hall. "Transient post-partum thyroid dysfunction and postnatal depression." Journal of Affective Disorders 17, no. 3 (November 1989): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(89)90006-2.

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Ugarte, A., P. López, C. Serrulla, M. T. Zabalza, J. G. Torregaray, and A. González-Pinto. "Post-partum depression risk factors in pregnant women." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): s279—s280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.750.

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IntroductionPostpartum depression has a prevalence of 15% and has consequences for mother and baby (delayed physical, social and cognitive development). It's essential to prevent the illness with an early identification of Risk Factors (RF).MethodsFive hundred and seventy-two women in 3rd trimester of pregnancy were evaluated and selected those with ≥ 1 RF (n = 290). We re-evaluated in the postpartum with Edinburgh Depression Scale and selected those with subsyndromal depressive symptoms (≥ 7.5) (n = 57). Clinical, demographic and functional data were collected.ResultsA total of 50.7% had RF. A percentage of 48.6 had family history of mental illness (MI), 34.1%had personal history of (MI) and 34.1% had some pregnancy associated illness. Twenty percent had needed some assisted reproductive technique, 14.1% had little family support and 15.2% had little couple support, 3.8% showed anxiety-depressive disorders during pregnancy, 19.7% had depressive symptoms after delivery. The mean age was 33.67. No significant differences between patients with and without RF (T-1858, P 0.064). Among women with RF, 59.6% were married, 35.1% single and 3.0% had other situation. 89.5% live with their own family, 8.8% with their family of origin, 1.8% alone. 50.8% had university studies.ConclusionsAssessing RF during pregnancy can help these women, since we see that the 19.7% will have serious risk of developing postpartum depression. The RF to take more into account are not those related to social-academic development, neither the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms during pregnancy, but the family or personal history of (MI) and the presence of a pregnancy associated illness. Early detection and treatment may prevent the development of this disease improving the quality of life of mother and babies’ development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Abdul Rahman, Ibrahim, Uzair Yaqoob, and Tariq Ali Bhatti. "Post partum depression—It’s time to pay attention." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 31 (January 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.02.010.

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Harris, Brian, Rossana Oretti, John Lazarus, Arthur Parkes, Rees John, Colin Richards, Robert Newcombe, and Reginald Hall. "Randomised trial of thyroxine to prevent postnatal depression in thyroid-antibody-positive women." British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 4 (April 2002): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.4.327.

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BackgroundWomen who are positive for thyroid antibodies in early gestation are prone to post-partum depression, apparently independent of thyroid dysfunction, as measured by serum levels of free thyroxine, free triodothyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone. This finding may be due to infrequent monitoring of thyroid function, because hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and combinations of both may occur post-partum.AimsTo test the hypothesis that stabilising thyroid function post-partum by administering daily thyroxine reduces the rate of occurrence and severity of associated depression.MethodIn a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 100 of thyroxine or placebo was given daily to 446 thyroid-antibody-positive women (342 of whom were compliant) from 6 weeks to 6 month spost-partum, assessing their psychiatric and thyroid status at 4-weeklyintervals.ResultsThere was no evidence that thyroxine had any effect on the occurrence of depression. The 6-month period prevalence of depression was similar to that reported previously.ConclusionsThe excess of depression in thyroid-antibody-positive women in the post-partum period is not corrected by daily administration of thyroxine.
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Pinem, Belli Susandro, and Elmeida Effendy. "Postpartum Depression: A Case Report of Bedapu from Aceh Singkil." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 16 (August 30, 2019): 2661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.395.

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BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression is a commonly occurring psychiatric disorder. Prevalence of postpartum depression varies across cultures and countries. Many factors affect, trigger, or aggravate post-partum depression, including sociocultural factor. Bedapu is a unique tradition from Aceh Singkil on post-partum mothers. CASE REPORT: We reported a case of two women with postpartum depression who performed Bedapu tradition on themselves. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was conducted for screening and DSM-5 as the determinant of diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSION: Postpartum depression has varying symptom spectrum, and Bedapu affected it by aggravating the symptoms of postpartum depression.
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Patel, Najarana, Stella Gracy G, and Muhammedeazaz Ahmed. "A Retrospective Study to Identify the Causes of Post-Natal Depression among Post-Natal Mothers of a Selected Hospital at Bharuch, Gujarat." Nursing Journal of India CXI, no. 06 (2020): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2020.cxi606.

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The birth of a baby can trigger a jumble of powerful emotions, from excitement and joy to fear and anxiety. But it can also result in something you might not expect-depression. Post-natal depression is a type of depression that many parents experience after having a baby. It is a common problem, affecting more than 1 in every 10 women within a year of giving birth. Post-partum depression is not a character Á aw or a weakness. Sometimes it is simply a complication of giving birth. In post-partum depression, prompt treatment can mitigate the symptoms and help develop bonds with baby. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of post-partum depression among post-natal mothers from selected hospital at Bharuch using Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale Score (EPDS). In this retrospective study endeavour was made to assess the level of post-natal depression among mothers; identify the causes of depression among post-natal mothers; Ànd out the association between causes of post-natal depression with demographic variable. Cases were selected by probability sampling in which total enumerative sampling technique was used; total 60 samples were selected. EPDS was used to identify the causes of post-natal depression among mothers; 39 (65%) post-natal mothers had depression not likely; 12 (20%) had possible depression; 7 (11%) had fairly high possibility of depression; 2 (3%) had probably depression. Occupations of the husband, income and marital status have high association with level of depression. The major causes of post-natal depression were Number of pregnancies, Mode of delivery, Sex of baby, Health status of baby and Planned pregnancy. It was found that all factors are signiÀcant except planned pregnancy. To conclude, psychological support would enhance the attachment between mother and children; this will further reduce the impact of depression among the mothers.
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Shayganfard, Mehran, Fateme Mahdavi, Mohammad Haghighi, Dena Sadeghi Bahmani, and Serge Brand. "Health Anxiety Predicts Postponing or Cancelling Routine Medical Health Care Appointments among Women in Perinatal Stage during the Covid-19 Lockdown." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 8272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218272.

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To avoid spreading the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), health authorities have forced people to reorganize their working and private lives and to avoid open and public spaces as much as possible. This has also been the case for women both during pregnancy and after delivery. Here, we investigated the associations between subjective beliefs in risk of infections and health anxiety, depression, stress, and other perinatal dimensions. To this end, we assessed 103 women (mean age: 28.57 years) during pregnancy and after delivery. They completed a series of questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, perinatal information, health anxiety, post-partum depression, and stress. Sixty-six participants (64.1%) were in the pre-partum stage, and 37 (35.9%) were post-partum. Health anxiety was unrelated to depression or stress. Knowing and being close to infected people was associated with higher health anxiety. Strict following of the safety recommendations was associated with greater health anxiety, depression, and stress. Postponing or cancelling routine medical check appointments was observed among participants with high health anxiety scores. Higher illness severity, overall health anxiety scores, and lower stress scores predicted those participants who postponed or cancelled their routine medical check appointments. Post-partum stage and a larger number of children were associated with higher stress scores, but not with depression or stress. The results are of practical and clinical importance; it appears that health anxiety, which is to say fear of getting infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy or at the post-partum stage, was associated with postponing or cancelling routine medical check appointments, but not with stress or depression.
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Sujit Kumar Kar, Sujit Kumar Kar, Rajesh Kumar, and Sonakshi Jyrwa. "Unmet Expectations From Pregnancy Attributing to Post-Partum Depression: An Impact of Gender Discrimination." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2013/160.

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Marks, M. N., A. Wieck, S. A. Checkley, and R. Kumar. "Life Stress and Post-Partum Psychosis: a Preliminary Report." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, S10 (May 1991): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000291988.

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This is a preliminary report from a prospective study of the influence of psychosocial stressors on post-natal relapse in women at high risk of psychiatric disorder after childbirth. Forty-three index subjects with a previous history of psychosis or severe depression were compared with 45 pregnant control subjects without any previous psychiatric disorder. After delivery 51% of index subjects relapsed (RDC diagnoses): 28% were categorised as psychotic and 23% non-psychotic. All psychotic relapses were in women with a previous history of bipolar or schizoaffective disorder (46% of this subgroup). Only the non-psychotic post-partum relapses (mostly depressions) were associated with an increased likelihood of a severe life event in the 12 months preceding illness onset.
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Sarli, Desi, and Titin Ifayanti. "BABY BLUES SCREENING ON POST-PARTUM MOTHER BY COMPARING EPDS AND PHQ-9 METHODS FOR HEALTH-CARE SERVICE AND PUBLIC APPLICATIONS IN LUBUK BUAYA COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PADANG CITY, INDONESIA." Volume 2 Issue 2 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/mjmr.2018.v02i02.011.

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Studies find out that baby blues and postnatal depression on mother are quite a lot. One of two recent-childbirth mothers (50%) might ever experience baby blues, and around 10% will continue to become a post-natal depression. Around 70% of all post-partum mothers experience baby blues, and around 10-20% puerperal mothers get post-partum depression. The effort to detect baby blues is to conduct screening with EPDS and PHQ-9. The objectives of this study were to get validity and reliability of questionnaire by EPDS and PHQ methods to screen baby blues in post-partum mothers and to find out the right method of conducting screening. This study was using descriptive-correlation design to describe the result of baby blues screening of post-partum mother by EPDS and PHQ-9 methods. The Study population was a post-partum mother from one week to six weeks that amounted to 60 subjects where all of them were sample in this study. Data analysis was conducted to validate questionnaire by EPDS and PHQ-9 methods and tested with sensitivity and specificity testing, and the data was processed to describe screening result so that it could draw motherwith baby blues syndrome. Screening result became positive if the score was ≥ 10 and negative if the score was < 10 for EPDS method. While baby blues screening with The PHQ-9 method used 9 questions and score of ≥ 5 resulted in baby blues syndrome. Study result showed that sensitivity and specificity testing on EPDS screening method were 46.7% and 66.7%, respectively; testing result on PHQ-9 method were 46.7% and 73.3%, respectively. From this study, it can reveal that both methods can detect baby blues inthe post-partum mother. EPDS and PHQ-9 methods can be applied to the same level of confidential to screen baby blues on the post-partum mother.
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Salian, Shivani Chowdhury, and Krisha P. Shah. "Psychosocial factors in post-partum parents in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171370.

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Background: Post-partum period brings along with it a lot of changes and responsibilities. Fatigue, Stress, Depression and Bonding are some of the factors which have shown to affect the parents during this period. Present study assesses the psychosocial factors in post-partum parents and differences observed amongst them. The effect of other factors like the type of delivery of the youngest child, the working status of the mother and the type of family they reside in were also assessed. Methods: 128 pair of parents (64 mothers & 64 fathers) were interviewed using a Case Report Form after procuring their informed consent. The various psychosocial domains were evaluated using Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) and the Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). For each participant, the total score (factorial total score in case of PBQ) in each scale was calculated and analysed. Results: On comparing the various psychosocial factors, fatigue (p-value 0.020), stress (p-value 0.034) and depression (p-value 0.005) levels were found to be significantly higher in mother as compared to fathers. Primiparous mothers had significantly high levels of stress (p-value 0.021) and depression (p-value 0.015) in comparison to primiparous fathers. Also, mothers who underwent C-section showed a significant difference (p-value 0.023) towards their tendency of incipient abuse towards the child as compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The present study reveals that the bonding of mothers and fathers with their children is equal. However, the mothers are observed to be more fatigued, stressed and depressed as compared to fathers.
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Putri, Yesi, Dilfera Hermiyati, and Rafika Ramlis Ramlis. "Hubungan Kelompok Umur dan Peran Suami dengan Tingkat Depresi pada ibu Postpartum." JMNS 3, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.57170/jmns.v3i2.70.

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Depression is a mood disorder which is characterized by deep and continuous moodiness and sadness so that the enthusiasm for life is lost, there is no disturbance in assessing reality (Reality Testing Ability), the personality remains intact (splitting of personality) behavior can be disturbed but within limits. normal limit. Post partum is the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, so the mother will experience changes according to the amount of hormones, so the mother needs time to adjust. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the level of depression in post partum patients at BPM Jumita, SST, M.Kes. This type of research is an Analytical Survey with a Cross Cestional Syudy research design and a test design using the Chi Square test with a maximum error value of a 0.05. The sample consisted of 25 respondents who were taken from mothers during the Post Partum period. Sampling method using Total Sampling. Sources of data in this study using primary data derived from interviews using questionnaires and for measuring depression in postpartum mothers using the EPDS questionnaire (Edenburgh Postpartum Depression Scale) with the provision that if the stress level of postpartum mothers is mild depression is 2-7, the stress level is moderate depression. 8-10, depression stress level Major depression >10. The results of data analysis showed that there was a relationship between the age group and the level of depression in postpartum mothers with p value = 0.001. There is a relationship between the role of the husband and the level of depression in post partum patients with p value = 0.000.
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Desiana, Wahyu, and Tarsikah Tarsikah. "SCREENING OF POST PARTUM DEPRESSION ON THE SEVENTH DAY PUERPERIUM." Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal 5, no. 2 (August 8, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/imhsj.v5i2.2021.209-219.

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Abstract Background: Postpartum depression is a psychological disorder during the postpartum period which is more dangerous than the baby blues. Postpartum depression can have a serious impact on the development of the baby as well as the social life of the mother. To anticipate the incidence of postpartum depression, it is necessary to have early detection. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of the seventh day postpartum depression screening at PMB S Malang City. Methods: The design of this research is descriptive quantitative with a population of 72 postpartum mothers, the number of samples is 57 people who are taken at simple random. Research instrument: EPDS questionnaire. Results: The results showed that postpartum mothers experienced postpartum depression in as many as 22.8%. Postpartum mothers who have an EPDS score 10 are mothers with the age group > 35 years, working mothers, high school education, nuclear family type, and the number of children 2 - 3 people. Conclusion: Even in small amounts, postpartum depression can have a negative impact on maternal mental health and child development in the future, so early detection efforts need to be cultivated.
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Desiana, Wahyu, and Tarsikah Tarsikah. "SCREENING OF POST PARTUM DEPRESSION ON THE SEVENTH DAY PUERPERIUM." Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal 5, no. 2 (August 8, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/imhsj.v5i2.2021.198-208.

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Abstract Background: Postpartum depression is a psychological disorder during the postpartum period which is more dangerous than the baby blues. Postpartum depression can have a serious impact on the development of the baby as well as the social life of the mother. To anticipate the incidence of postpartum depression, it is necessary to have early detection. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of the seventh day postpartum depression screening at PMB S Malang City. Methods: The design of this research is descriptive quantitative with a population of 72 postpartum mothers, the number of samples is 57 people who are taken at simple random. Research instrument: EPDS questionnaire. Results: The results showed that postpartum mothers experienced postpartum depression in as many as 22.8%. Postpartum mothers who have an EPDS score 10 are mothers with the age group > 35 years, working mothers, high school education, nuclear family type, and the number of children 2 - 3 people. Conclusion: Even in small amounts, postpartum depression can have a negative impact on maternal mental health and child development in the future, so early detection efforts need to be cultivated.
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Hidayati, Nur Oktavia, Nurul Damarwulan, Melliany Safitrie, Akmal Sybromillsy, Nisa Humaerotul Jannah, Amilia Rosada, Dina Agustina Suwito, Neng Della Monika Senja, and Angga Rizkiawan. "Efek Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Depresi Post-Partum: Studi Literatur." Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Maternitas 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32584/jikm.v5i1.1431.

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Gangguan jiwa dapat mempengaruhi fungsi individu, menyebabkan tekanan emosional, penurunan kualitas hidup populasi yang terkena dampak. Olahraga atau aktivitas fisik selama masa kehamilan telah menunjukkan banyak manfaat bagi ibu dan bayi termasuk dalam mencegah depresi post-partum. Tujuan studi literatur ini untuk mengidentifikasi efek aktivitas fisik terhadap tingkat depresi post-partum. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur, pencarian artikel melalui database elektronik, seperti PubMed, EBSCO, dan ScienceDirect, dengan kata kunci: exercise AND baby blues OR post-partum depression. Enam artikel didapatkan dengan hasil bahwa aktivitas fisik mempunyai efek terhadap penurunan dan pencegahan depresi post-partum, sehingga terapi modalitas tersebut dapat digunakan mengikuti protokol yang disesuaikan dengan sumber yang ada.
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Agampodi, TC, SB Agampodi, WAND Wickramasinghe, AMCWB Adhikari, and HKJU Chathurani. "Post partum depression – a problem that needs urgent attention." Ceylon Medical Journal 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2011): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v56i4.3907.

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Pãunescu, Ramona, Oana Blãnaru, and Ioana Micluția. "Recurrent post partum depression and infanticide. A case report." Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2017.104.

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Anonymous. "Post-Partum Depression for Mexican-American Women is High." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 31, no. 5 (May 1993): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19930501-14.

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