Relevant bibliographies by topics / Post-marketing

Academic literature on the topic 'Post-marketing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Post-marketing"

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Kretek, Henryk A., and Janusz Dworak. "Post-Pandemic Marketing @Marketing." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2020-0049.

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AbstractMarketing concentrates mainly on customer acquisition by means of advertisements broadcast in mass media and on billboards. The change to be made in traditional marketing is the shift of interests from satisfying needs to meeting expectations. @Marketing may serve as a tool for that. The aim of this paper is to present a new concept for @marketing, based on innovative forms of product presentation. The paper focuses on the marketing content, without consideration of technical aspects. Research has been carried out in the field of customers’ expectations towards online presentations. In the new conditions, a product presentation should be expanded by innovative forms such as narration, photography and computer graphics. Therefore, there is a need to develop comprehensive projects for planning online presentations as soon as possible. It should be preceded by detailed analyses carried out by IT specialists and marketing experts.
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Cruz-Gómez, Omar, and Ana Yuridia Morales-Flores. "Marketing post-pandemia." Ciencia Huasteca Boletín Científico de la Escuela Superior de Huejutla 9, no. 18 (July 5, 2021): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/esh.v9i18.7148.

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Debido a la pandemia ocasionada por el COVID-19. La compra-venta de productos o servicios a nivel mundial dio un rotundo giro que 360º, tristemente muchos negocios se vieron obligados a cerrar de forma permanente. Y los que pudieron regresar, tuvieron que adaptarse a una nueva normalidad que evitaba a toda costa hábitos comunes, como el contacto físico. Por ello, tuvieron que crear nuevas estrategias de ventas para poder llegar al cliente final, y creció la ola de marketing digital, mismo que ya existía, pero ahora con mayor seriedad y compromiso con los usuarios.
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Mackay, Fiona Jean. "Post-Marketing Studies." Drug Safety 19, no. 5 (1998): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199819050-00002.

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Bennett, Suzanne. "Marketing, post-meltdown." Construction Research and Innovation 3, no. 3 (September 2012): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20450249.2012.11873841.

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Böttiger, L. E. "Post Marketing Surveillance." Acta Medica Scandinavica 222, no. 5 (April 24, 2009): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb10954.x.

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Somberg, John. "Mandatory Post Marketing Studies." American Journal of Therapeutics 14, no. 4 (July 2007): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181468e21.

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Robson, RH. "Post-marketing surveillance [letter]." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 25, no. 3 (March 1988): 404–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03322.x.

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Wood, A. J. "Post marketing surveillance studies." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 7 (July 1994): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.7.430-b.

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Klein, Donald F. "FDA Post-Marketing Safety Decisions." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 67, no. 08 (August 15, 2006): 1305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v67n0820.

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Feldman, Neil T. "Sodium Oxybate Post-Marketing Surveillance." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 07, no. 04 (August 15, 2011): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.1216.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Post-marketing"

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Armah, Paul Waldrine. "Post-harvest maize marketing efficiency : the Ghanian experience." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304540.

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Whalen, Peter S. "Post plan improvisations of strategic marketing plans : towards a taxonomy /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8585.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-177). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Mishra, Saurabh. "Two essays on post-acquisition performance a marketing perspective /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3210044.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelly School of Business, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-03, Section: A, page: 1014. Advisers: Franklin Acito; Rebecca Slotegraaf. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed March 16, 2007)."
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Speid, Lorna. "The safety assessment of medicines : pre and post-marketing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362576.

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Whalen, Peter S. 1971. "Post Plan Improvisations of Strategic Marketing Plans: Towards a Taxonomy." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8585.

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xiii, 177 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Marketing Planning is the most prescribed tool for "doing" marketing. The marketing plan's implementation schedule provides a roadmap for accomplishing a firm's stated marketing objectives. For over three decades researchers have investigated planning's link to firm performance. The consensus has been that they do improve performance although there is little empirical evidence to suggest how implementation of those plans is related. Environmental turbulence, new information and failed implementation cause firms to act outside of the planning framework. Improvisation is the contemporaneous creation and execution of an action. The extent to which firms act improvisationally has been studied, but to date there has been no empirical investigation that exposes the different types of post plan improvisations of strategic marketing plans that exist. This dissertation attempts to identify the different types of post plan improvisations (PPI) used in marketing. Using the Critical Incident Technique, 384 incidents of PPI were gathered from marketing planners and then used to create categories and systematically classify each incident. Four primary categories of causes of deviations, six categories of deviations and four categories of outcomes emerged from the data. The results provide a foundation for a theoretical model of the types of post plan improvisations in practice. This will allow further research into contextual differences that could help managers decide when to improvise and when to follow their plan. Further, by exposing the useful application of the CIT method in a new field, additional researchers might begin to use the technique to update and more deeply understand other marketing phenomenon.
Adviser: David M. Boush
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Hemsley-Brown, Jane. "Marketing post-sixteen colleges : a qualitative and quantitative study of pupils' choice of post sixteen institution." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192399/.

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The thesis concentrates on both the supply and the demand sides of the post sixteen education market place. On the supply side, the study examines four key issues - responses to competition; changes in the performance of colleges; the effect of the market on social inequality; and the possibility of bias and manipulation in marketing information. Firstly, on the supply side, the marketing undertaken by one sixth form college is examined alongside quantitative data from college records, (retained over a period of twelve years.) Data are analysed to determine patterns and trends in the profiles and qualifications of students entering the college throughout the period when a niche marketing strategy was emerging. On the demand side, qualitative research data were collected through a series of interviews with twenty five fourteen to sixteen year olds, in a multisite study. Analysis concentrates on the decision making processes and strategies emerging during the period when students selected among post sixteen colleges. The study concludes that firstly, the potential to manipulate information about colleges is increased in a culture of markets and competition. Colleges need to evaluate and gain feedback on the success of promotional communications through marketing research, to monitor the development of the college's reputation, as well as to identify new markets. Secondly, markets have the potential to allocate resources by socioeconomic class. Colleges seeking to reduce inequalities in post sixteen education and training need to ensure that a number of niche markets are identified, appropriate to local need and labour market conditions, to accommodate a range of decision makers in the market. Thirdly, the findings suggest that sixteen year olds are rarely able to give coherent reasons for selecting colleges until they are exposed to the marketing and promotional information provided by colleges. The findings emphasise the importance of effective promotion and public relations, to ensure that positive and accurate marketing information is entering the marketing and choice cycle. Finally, a 'Typology of Decision Makers' is developed to summarise the decision making behaviour of sixteen year olds. The study concludes with a 'Marketing, Choice and Communications Input-Output Model', which highlights the significance of 'psychological defence mechanisms', and reinforcement strategies', in the decision making processes employed by sixteen year olds when selecting among post sixteen colleges.
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McCarthy, Suzanne. "Post-marketing evaluation of ADHD drug treatment in children and young adults." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509310.

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Seo, Soobin Hwang Johye. "Consumer reactions to restaurants' post-food crisis marketing strategies a risk-benefit appraisal approach /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6601.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 18, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Johye Hwang. Includes bibliographical references.
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Shui, Yinzi, and Yuesi Wu. "Internationalization of firms through acquisition : A case of post-acquisition market integration management in Chinese market." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centre for Technology, Innovation and Marketing Management (CTIM2), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15784.

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MacRury, Iain. "Advertising readerships : psychosocial change in Britain 1950-1995." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3130/.

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This thesis uses the content analysis of a large sample of advertisements to trace a narrative of changing self experience in post-war consumer culture. The thesis challenges the tendency in cultural studies of advertising to see texts solely as a record of advertisers' commercial intentions. It questions the assumption that advertising secures producers' control of the symbolic economy. As a complement to such 'producer narratives' the thesis presents a 'narrative of readerships'. This traces changes and continuities in readers' orientations to objects of consumption in the period. A detailed examination of the theoretical underpinnings of critical approaches to advertising leads to the proposal of an alternative to the models of reception evident in text based studies. This alternative model draws on object relations psychoanalysis. The thesis asserts the value of the close empirical study of advertising texts. This provides evidence to counter both negative and positive generalisations about advertisements as 'creativity 1 or manipulation. The thesis proposes instead that advertising serves a range of commercial, practical, aesthetic and social communicative functions. The thesis questions the validity of analyses of advertising textualities in the 'diagnosis' of pathologies of the self and culture, suggesting that the ascription of such pathologies depends upon an inadequate model of reception. The thesis sets out an account of psychosocial change binding an analysis of disruptions to sociologically conceived trajectories to an account of an increasing prevalence of anxiety in psychosocial experience. Advertising, seen in the light of these disruptions to cultural inheritance is presented as an increasingly important communicative mode because of its contribution to a symbolically rich cultural environment which can facilitate 'identity work'. The thesis presents evidence for a continuing preoccupation amongst consumers with function and practicality. This finding is explored as evidence, not only of a persistent strand of consumer rationality, but as an indicator of an emerging new orientation to materiality in culture. The thesis proposes that totalising narratives, either optimistic or pessimistic, about the cultural experience of consumption are suspect. A more complex and variegated account is more likely to capture the consumer experiences The thesis suggests the necessity for close empirical analysis of changing consumer cultures as a counter to overarching narratives of cultural change
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Books on the topic "Post-marketing"

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Tilson, Hugh H. Post-marketing surveillance. Carshalton: Centre for Medicines Research, 1986.

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Meena, R. K. Horticulture marketing and post harvest management. Jaipur: Pointer Publishers, 2001.

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Strom, Brian L., and Giampaolo Velo, eds. Drug Epidemiology and Post-Marketing Surveillance. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2587-9.

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L, Strom Brian, Velo G. P, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Drug epidemiology and post-marketing surveillance. New York: Plenum Press, 1992.

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Farm size and marketing efficiency: Pre and post-liberalization. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2007.

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CIM Chartered Post-graduate Diploma in Marketing - stage one. 2nd ed. London: BPP Learning Media, 2010.

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Safety pharmacology in pharmaceutical development: Approval and post marketing surveillance. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Mowat, Claire. Marketing post 16 education: A case study : (MA Education dissertation). [Guildford]: [University of Surrey], 1996.

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Anscomb, Anne. Pharmaceutical outsourcing opportunities post launch: Contract manufacturing, sales and marketing. New York, N.Y: Kalorama Information, 2004.

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Geoff, Livingston, ed. Marketing in the round: Multichannel approaches in the post-social media era. Indianapolis, Ind: Que Pub., 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Post-marketing"

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Laporte, J. R., X. Carné, and D. Capellà. "Post-marketing surveillance." In The Focus for Pharmaceutical Knowledge, 136–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09571-1_20.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "post-marketing observational study." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 143. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_1085.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "post-marketing safety study." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 143. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_1086.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "post-marketing surveillance (PMS)." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 143–44. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_1087.

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Stephens, M. D. B. "Post-marketing Surveillance (PMS)." In The Detection of New Adverse Drug Reactions, 143–200. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09887-3_6.

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Seraphin, Hugues. "Strategies of Post-Disaster Marketing: Sustainable Development, Experience, and Marketing." In Sustainable Tourism Development, edited by M. E. Korstanje, 17–30. Series statement: Advances in hospitality and tourism book series: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429397998-2.

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Brinkmann, R. "Post-Marketing Surveillance of Psychotropic Drugs." In Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry, 311–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74430-3_36.

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Cabanas-Abascal, Antonio, Alejandro Rodríguez-González, Cristina Casado-Lumbreras, Joaquín Fernández-González, and Diego Jiménez-López. "POST-VIA: Develop Individualized Marketing Strategies for Tourists." In Electronic Business and Marketing, 29–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37932-1_4.

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Johnson-Pratt, Lisa R. "Phase IV Drug Development: Post-Marketing Studies." In Principles and Practice of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 124–30. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444325263.ch11.

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Grahame-Smith, D. G. "A General Perspective of Post-Marketing Surveillance." In Neuropsychopharmacology, 608–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74034-3_59.

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Conference papers on the topic "Post-marketing"

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Zhang, Qianyun, Shawndra Hill, and David Rothschild. "Post Purchase Search Engine Marketing." In Companion of the The Web Conference 2018. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3186583.

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Kim, Seungbae, Jyun-Yu Jiang, Masaki Nakada, Jinyoung Han, and Wei Wang. "Multimodal Post Attentive Profiling for Influencer Marketing." In WWW '20: The Web Conference 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380052.

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Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih, Suparman Suparman, Syamsul Bachri, and Muzakir Muzakir. "The Marketing Strategy for Tourism Industry Post Covid-19 Pandemic." In 2021 Tadulako’s International Conference on Social Sciences (TICoSS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220707.001.

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Ji, Yanqing, Hao Ying, Margo S. Farber, John Yen, Peter Dews, Richard E. Miller, and R. Michael Massanari. "Distributed, Collaborative Intelligent Agents for Proactive Post-Marketing Drug Safety Surveillance." In NAFIPS 2007 - 2007 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips.2007.383829.

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Gerasimenko, N. M., and S. A. Pihanova. "THE DIGITAL ERA MARKETING." In New forms of production and entrepreneurship in the coordinates of neo-industrial development of the economy. PD of KSUEL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0731-8-2020-138-144.

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The modern stage of world economic and social development belongs to a post-industrial society.At this stage, scientific knowledge and information technology are being integrated.The development of information technology, changing business processes, accumulating huge amounts of data leads toThe digital economy is developing with a consumer-oriented focus, so the benefits ofThe consumer is becoming more powerful, his behaviors are changing.This requires changing marketing technologies, tools to work in the market, ways to interact with customers.Marketers should actively use the results of the digital revolution in their activities.
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Chemsripong, Sujinda. "IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC UPON JEWELRY AND GEMS BUSINESS: MARKETING MIXED PERSPECTIVE." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.895.

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The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the mar-keting mix strategy for Thai gem and jewelry businesses to find ways for business by exploring the marketing mix com-position of 369 jewelry and gems businesses in Thailand. Marketing mix difference was tested by using Paired Samples t-test during pre-and post-COVID and tested the hypothesis using multiple regression analysis. Results found that COVID-19 epidemic has affected almost every marketing mix component (price, distribution, sales promotion, and product) with a statistically significant difference between pairs. Therefore, business units must emphasize and adjust their marketing mix in order to cope with new opportunities, such as creating a new platform for online sales, focusing on speed adaptation, and bringing more innovation to business in order to take advantage of this crisis.
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Koita, Mohamed El Bechir, and Hakan Adanacıoğlu. "Marketing Channels of Mango Farmers in Mali." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.008.

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Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) plays a central role as fruit crop among the horticultural fruits in Mali. Mali is among the largest mango producers in West Africa and among the fastest growing mango exporters in the world. The volume of mangoes produced is estimated at 575000 tons per year. Mango production is an important socio-economic activity in Mali, providing employment in rural areas and income through exportation. The study focused on marketing channels of mango famers in Mali. The secondary data were used to investigate marketing channels of mango in Mali. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the socio-economic characteristics of mango farmers in Mali were explained. In the second part, information about the development of Mango production and trade in Mali was given. In the third part, marketing channels of Mango farmers were examined. In general, it is difficult to say that Mango marketing channels operate effectively in Mali. The ineffectiveness of marketing channels occurs mostly at the local market level. It is important to strengthen the marketing infrastructure for Mango's marketing channels in Mali to be more effective. The government of Mali needs to implement a special incentive program, especially for wholesalers, who play an important role in increasing post-harvest losses. There is a need for financial support and training of wholesalers during the transportation, storage and processing of fresh mango. It is also important to extend these supports for mango producers.
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Sun, Xuran, and Gang Fang. "Marketing Strategy in Post-E-commerce era-Hailan House's New Retail Road." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology (HSMET 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hsmet-19.2019.25.

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Ng, SC, W. Palo, A. Blake, Q. Rana-Khan, and F. Bhayat. "AODTH-003 Vedolizumab clinical and post-marketing safety experience of opportunistic infections." In British Society of Gastroenterology, Annual General Meeting, 19–22 June 2017, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314472.390.

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Suharsono, Naswan, Lulup Endah Tripalupi, and I. Putu Gede Parma. "Post-Pandemic Web-Based Product Marketing: Developing Micro and Small Enterprise Culture." In 5th International Conference on Tourism, Economics, Accounting, Management and Social Science (TEAMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201212.057.

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Reports on the topic "Post-marketing"

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Vaskivskyj, Yurij. Branding in journalism: prospects for operation. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11395.

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The article analyzes the branding process in the context of the development of individual units of journalism. After all, in the current conditions of competition in the Ukrainian information space, it is important to apply and master new technologies for the development and promotion of media resources in the media market. The history of branding is presented and it is noted that branding is the key to the success of each media brand in using the necessary tools and technologies, which involves the branding process. It is necessary to know and understand not only the basic laws of branding, but also its possibilities as the main tool of Internet marketing and offline or digital marketing. It is emphasized that the personal brand should be considered as a tool that builds a reputation and a positive image in the information space, as well as allows you to get a variety of resources only using professional skills and knowledge. It is important not only to form your own audience, but also to meet its needs. The GORDON online publication is analyzed, because this media resource is a consequence of the influence of personal brand on the audience and rapid development in the context of promoting a particular media resource, and the main ideologue and co-founder of this publication is an example of how personal brand can affect audiences. and promote the development of a specific business project. It is noted that the reputation of Dmitry Gordon and his odious figure became the basis for the success of this online publication, and attitudes toward him may be different and often ambiguous, but his person is known to everyone in the post-Soviet space. Modern information space needs scandalous and odious personalities, because they are able to arrange a show, give people emotions. The author points out that branding is an extremely promising technology not only in the context of promoting and promoting a particular media resource or personal brand, but also promotes the comprehensive development of journalists as public opinion experts and potential speakers at international conferences not only in journalism, but also internet marketing.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.

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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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Filip, Grażyna, and Justyna Majchrowska. Internet Post as an Element of E-Branding. Linguistic Analysis. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11401.

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E-branding of Lidl brand is a wide-ranging marketing strategy, which purpose is to keep the current customers and gain new. The authors of advertisments posts, that includes information regarding a specific product (name, information about it, price, reason of showcasing in the specific moment), use semantic (mostly nature, price, tradition, modernity, comfort, luxury), grammatical and non-linguistic categories to convince the receivers to themselves. Such communicational process enables also to read the needs of customers, who – by liking the brand’s page – want (actively) to participate in the whole sales process, want to be informed and to have a chance to use the offer.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Noam Meiri. Development of Strategic Pre-Natal Cycling Thermal Treatments to Improve Livability and Productivity of Heavy Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593395.bard.

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The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and live performance led to the following hypothesis: Appropriate comprehensive incubation treatments that include significant temperature management changes will promote angiogenesis and will improve acquisition of thermotolerance and carcass quality of heavy broilers through epigenetic adaptation. It was based on the following questions: 1. Can TM during embryogenesis of broilers induce a longer-lasting thermoregulatory memory (up to marketing age of 10 wk) that will improve acquisition of thermotolerance as well as increased breast meat yield in heavy broilers? 2. The improved sensible heat loss (SHL) suggests an improved peripheral vasodilation process. Does elevated temperature during incubation affect vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes in the chick embryo? Will such create subsequent advantages for heavy broilers coping with adverse hot conditions? 3. What are the changes that occur in the PO/AH that induce the changes in the threshold response for heat production/heat loss based on the concept of epigenetic temperature adaptation? The original objectives of this study were as follow: a. to assess the improvement of thermotolerance efficiency and carcass quality of heavy broilers (~4 kg); b. toimproveperipheral vascularization and angiogenesis that improve sensible heat loss (SHL); c. to study the changes in the PO/AH thermoregulatory response for heat production/losscaused by modulating incubation temperature. To reach the goals: a. the effect of TM on performance and thermotolerance of broilers reared to 10 wk of age was studied. b. the effect of preincubation heating with an elevated temperature during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation in the presence of modified fresh air flow coupled with changes in turning frequency was elucidated; c.the effect of elevated temperature on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis was determined using in ovo and whole embryo chick culture as well as HIF-1α VEGF-α2 VEGF-R, FGF-2, and Gelatinase A (MMP2) gene expression. The effects on peripheral blood system of post-hatch chicks was determined with an infrared thermal imaging technique; c. the expression of BDNF was determined during the development of the thermal control set-point in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” Recently, Piestunet al. (2008) demonstrated for the first time that TM (an elevated incubation temperature of 39.5°C for 12 h/d from E7 to E16) during the development/maturation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis (thermoregulation) and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis (stress) significantly improved the thermotolerance and performance of broilers at 35 d of age. These phenomena raised two questions that were addressed in this project: 1. was it possible to detect changes leading to the determination of the “set point”; 2. Did TM have a similar long lasting effect (up to 70 d of age)? 3. Did other TM combinations (pre-heating and heating during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation) coupled with changes in turning frequency have any performance effect? The improved thermotolerance resulted mainly from an efficient capacity to reduce heat production and the level of stress that coincided with an increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2008; 2009). The increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2009) suggested an additional positive effect of TM on vasculogenesis and angiogensis. 4. In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of the chorioallantoic membrane development was thought to increase vasculogenesis and angiogenesis providing better vasodilatation and by that SHL post-hatch.
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Research Department - Rural & Extractive Industries - Post-Joint Organisation - Memoranda and Correspondence - Wool Marketing - 1919 - 1949. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/14455.

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Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI): Current status and future directions for drug development and the post-market setting. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.56759/ojsg8296.

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Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a growing challenge because of the ever- increasing number of drugs used in medical care. DILI is rare but can be serious and is largely unpredictable. It is an important cause of mortality and liver transplantation, and a leading cause of attrition in drug development. Progress is under way in identifying genetic risk factors, exploring new mechanistic concepts of the complex underlying interactions, and developing new biomarkers that can predict or diagnose DILI. The pharmaceutical industry has a key role in advancing these initiatives, and prospective DILI registries must adopt standard procedures for biological sample collection and storing. There is a strong need for standard guidelines to support these efforts. The consensus report of the CIOMS DILI Working Group aims to provide a critical framework and essential set of tools to detect, diagnose and manage DILI during drug development and in the post-marketing setting. The report is intended for clinical and basic pharmaceutical industry investigators who capture, analyze and communicate liver safety data in drug development. It is also intended for regulatory scientists and expert consultants who comprehensively evaluate new products and emerging biomarkers for their association with DILI risk, and for health care professionals who monitor and manage patients treated with potentially hepatotoxic drugs in clinical practice.
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DMPA provision in PSS clinics in Uttar Pradesh: Costs and prices. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1023.

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The injectable contraceptive DMPA was introduced in the private sector in India in 1993, contingent on completion of a post-marketing surveillance study of users. The commercial price of a dose of DMPA is about Rs. 150-180, exclusive of the fees of the medical provider. This price puts it beyond the reach of most Parivar Seva Sanstha (PSS) clients in need of safe and effective family planning (FP) services in Uttar Pradesh. Since April 1996, an experiment has been underway with three PSS clinics in Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of price on demand for DMPA. The study seeks to better understand the issues of service delivery, client profile and the price at which the service can be offered in a sustainable way. Since April 1996, PSS has charged clients selecting DMPA Rs. 50 in Agra, Rs. 100 in Lucknow, and the product is offered free in Varanasi. All other PSS clinics in India offer the product at Rs. 50. This cost analysis has two main objectives: to estimate the cost of providing DMPA services at three clinics in Uttar Pradesh and to analyze the price at which DMPA services can be sustainably offered given the cost structure at each clinic.
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Evidence Synthesis and Meta-Analysis for Drug Safety. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.56759/lela7055.

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At any point in the drug development process, systematic reviews and meta-analysis can provide important information to guide the future path of the development programme and any actions that might be needed in the post-marketing setting. This report gives the rationale for why and when a meta-analysis should be considered, all in the context of regulatory decision-making, and the tasks, data collection, and analyses that need to be carried out to inform those decisions. -- There is increasing demand by decision-makers in health care, the biopharmaceutical industry, and society at large to have access to the best available evidence on benefits and risks of medicinal products. The best strategy will take an overview of all the evidence and where it is possible and sensible, combine the evidence and summarize the results. For efficacy, the outcomes generally use the same or very similar predefined events for each of the trials to be included. Most regulatory guidance and many Cochrane Collaboration reviews have usually given more attention to assessment of benefits, while issues around combining evidence on harms have not been as well-covered. However, the (inevitably) unplanned nature of the data on safety makes the process more difficult. -- Combining evidence on adverse events (AEs), where these were not the focus of the original studies, is more challenging than combining evidence on pre-specified benefits. This focus on AEs represents the main contribution of the current CIOMS X report. The goal of the CIOMS X report is to provide principles on appropriate application of meta-analysis in assessing safety of pharmaceutical products to inform regulatory decision-making. This report is about meta-analysis in this narrow area, but the present report should also provide conceptually helpful points to consider for a wider range of applications, such as vaccines, medical devices, veterinary medicines or even products that are combinations of medicinal products and medical devices. -- Although some of the content of this report describes highly technical statistical concepts and methods (in particular Chapter 4), the ambition of the working group has been to make it comprehensible to non-statisticians for its use in clinical epidemiology and regulatory science. To that end, Chapters 3 and 4, which contain the main technical statistical aspects of the appropriate design, analysis and reporting of a meta-analysis of safety data are followed by Chapter 5 with a thought process for evaluating the findings of a meta-analysis and how to communicate these.
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