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Boot, Arnoud, and Anjan Thakor. "Post-crisis evolution of banking and financial markets: Introduction." Journal of Financial Intermediation 39 (July 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2018.06.006.
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Szűcs, Marianna, Urs Schaffner, William J. Price, and Mark Schwarzländer. "Post‐introduction evolution in the biological control agent Longitarsus jacobaeae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Evolutionary Applications 5, no. 8 (May 3, 2012): 858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00264.x.
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Guo, Wen-Yong, Carla Lambertini, Loc Xuan Nguyen, Xiu-Zhen Li, and Hans Brix. "Preadaptation and post-introduction evolution facilitate the invasion ofPhragmites australisin North America." Ecology and Evolution 4, no. 24 (November 25, 2014): 4567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1286.
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Wu, Longfei, Arno J. F. van Hoof, Nelson Y. Dzade, Lu Gao, Marie-Ingrid Richard, Heiner Friedrich, Nora H. De Leeuw, Emiel J. M. Hensen, and Jan P. Hofmann. "Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of 2H-WS2 for hydrogen evolution via defect engineering." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 11 (2019): 6071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00722a.
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Frolov, D. P. "Post-institutionalism: Beyond the institutional mainstream." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 107–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-5-107-140.
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The article discusses the internal dualism of modern institutional economics, manifested in division of orthodox or mainstream institutionalism (its axiomatics and dogmatics are represented by the Standard Model) and its opposition post-institutionalism. An agenda for promising post-institutional studies is proposed, covering a wide range of discussion issues beyond the Standard Model — from the transition to integrative interpretations of institutions to the introduction of the Evo-Devo-paradigm of analysis of institutional evolution. A reorientation of the transactional analysis from minimizing transaction costs to maximizing the transaction value generated by institutions is proposed. The normocentric paradigm of institutional theory is discussed, considering any forms and trajectories of institutional evolution outside of the evaluation criteria, abandoning the tradition of negative labeling of institutional anomalies. The article demonstrates that in the focus of post-institutionalism there is institutional complexity, which can only be comprehended by overcoming reductionist methodological approaches of the institutional mainstream.
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Stutz, Sonja, Patrik Mráz, Hariet L. Hinz, Heinz Müller-Schärer, and Urs Schaffner. "Biological invasion of oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) in North America: Pre-adaptation, post-introduction evolution, or both?" PLOS ONE 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2018): e0190705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190705.
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Liao, Zhi-Yong, J. F. Scheepens, Qiao-Ming Li, Wei-Bin Wang, Yu-Long Feng, and Yu-Long Zheng. "Founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to invasion success of a genetically impoverished invader." Oecologia 192, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04566-y.
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Milone, Jorge H., Juan J. Napal, Javier A. Bordone, Virginia Prates, Cecilia Garcia, Victor H. Morales, and Orlando J. Etchegoyen. "Second Neoplasm after Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5404.5404.
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Abstract Introduction: the second neoplasm, are pathologies described during the post transplant evolution, often associated to immunosuppression. The post transplant lymphoproliferative syndromes, habitually associated to viruses are the most frequent. The BMT is a procedure clearly different from the rest of the transplants, and this difference would also be observed on the incidence and type of tumor in its evolution. The incidence of second malignancies after BMT is low, and is related to the use of chemotherapy, particulary alkylating. agents radiotheraphy and immunosuppression. Objective: To analyze the incidence and characteristics of second neoplasm of the patients undergoing BMT in our Institute. Results: Between 06/93 and 04/05 over a total of 416 transplants, 132 Allogenic and 284 Autologous, 6 cases of second tumor in variable intervals post procedure were stated. Table 1. The data reflects an incidence of second neoplasias of 1,4% (6/416). None of then received radiotherapy in conditioning. No lymphoproliferative syndrome was observed; 2 cases of acute leukemias; being the rest solid tumors with expected evolutions for each pathology. Table 1 Case Disease Conditioning BMT 2nd Tumor Time betwen BMT-Tumor Evolution 1 MM L-PAM AUTO Lung Cancer 120 months Dead 2 CML BuCy ALLO Colon Cancer 72 months Dead 3 MDS BuCy ALLO Merckel cells tumor 60 months Dead 4 NHL CBV AUTO AML 65 months Dead 5 NHL CBV AUTO Bladder Cancer 58 months Alive 26 months 6 NHL CBV AUTO AML 4 months Dead
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Evans, Brogan G. A., and David L. Colen. "The evolution of lower extremity reconstruction." Plastic and Aesthetic Research 9 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2021.134.
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Reconstruction of the lower extremity is a complex task that has evolved greatly in both technique and indication over the past century. Early advances in treating traumatic lower extremity injuries focused on primary amputation to avoid the high mortality of infection. The introduction of antibiotics improved surgical debridement and local reconstructive options, enhancing the viability of lower extremities with simple and proximal defects. With the advent of microvascular surgery, free tissue transfer techniques provided a means to reconstruct more distal and complex problems. As these surgical techniques have continued to evolve, so too have indications for reconstruction, patient management and post-operative care-now with a greater emphasis on patient quality of life and limb function. The purpose of this article is to outline the evolution of lower extremity reconstruction, and how the standard of practice has changed over time.
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Pozachenyuk, Katerina, and Irina Yakovenko. "Vine landscapes in Crimea: evolution, problems, prospects." Miscellanea Geographica 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0012.
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Abstract The conditions and factors of development of the vine landscapes in Crimea and their evolution are considered for the ancient, medieval, imperial, Soviet (first and second halves of the 20th century), and post-Soviet periods. The characteristics of the vineyard landscape zones (South Coast, Foothills and Steppe) are presented. Having reached their maximum areas in the period 1955-1970, the area of the vineyards in Crimea decreased steadily until 2017. The main causes of degradation were the spread of phylloxera, the campaign against alcoholism in 1985, the deterioration of sales after the collapse of the USSR, and the ineffective system of cultivation technology. The current ways of reviving grape landscapes – the introduction of innovative methods of farming, greening and cluster forms of viticulture and winemaking – are addressed.
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Peck, Stewart B. "A Survey of Insects of the Florida Keys: Post-Pleistocene Land-Bridge Islands: Introduction." Florida Entomologist 72, no. 4 (December 1989): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3495034.
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Hartyánszky, István, Ferenc Horkay, Tivadar Hüttl, Levente Fazekas, Miklós Pólos, László Daróczi, Krisztina Heltai, et al. "A felnőttszív-átültetés fejlődése Magyarországon." Orvosi Hetilap 159, no. 46 (November 2018): 1869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31299.
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Abstract: The authors give a short introduction of the Hungarian and the international history of adult heart transplantation, and highlight the similarities in the evolution of the two programs. Their aim was to show how the Hungarian post-transplant survival changed in the last five years. They wanted to investigate how all the changes they had made in the program affected the post-transplant results. They investigated 496 heart transplantation data and compared to international data. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1869–1875.
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Fabrin, Saulo, Nayara Soares, Simone Cecílio Hallak Regalo, Jacqueline Rodrigues de Freitas Vianna, and Eloisa Maria Gatti Regueiro. "Evolution of patients with heart disease after cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program: case report." Fisioterapia em Movimento 30, no. 1 (March 2017): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.030.001.ao18.
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Abstract Introduction: Recovery and maintenance of patients suffering from heart and respiratory diseases using the cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (CPRP) help maintain their functionality and improve the activities of daily living (ADLs) carried out according to their functional limitations. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of a CPRP in a patient with cardiopulmonary disease, following a 5-month training program. Methods: A 66-year-old female patient, body weight 78 kg, height 1.55 m, diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and bronchial asthma underwent a six-minute walk test (6MWT) to measure exercise tolerance; the Wells Bench was used to measure the flexibility of the posterior chain and lower limbs (LL), and a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) was used to measure upper limb strength (ULS).Vital sign measurements include blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) as well as dyspnea and LL fatigue (modified Borg scale) at rest, during and after 5-month CPRP. Results: An increase of 145 meters during the cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program i.e. 30% of walk distance (WD) in the 6MWT (pre = 345, post = 490m). There was an increase of 32% in flexibility (pre = 13, post = 19cm); in right upper limb (pre = 26, post = 60 kgf) and left lower limb strength (pre = 28, post = 72kgf), there was an increase of 57% and 61%, respectively. Conclusion: The CPRP proved to be effective in increasing exercise capacity, upper limb strength and flexibility of the posterior chain and lower limbs.
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Griffiths, Windsor. "Evolution of Herbicide Programs in Sugarbeet." Weed Technology 8, no. 2 (June 1994): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00038896.
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During the early years of herbicide use, the total amount of ai applied per ha increased in attempts to obtain season-long weed control, peaking in the decade of the mid-1970's to mid-1980's. Since then, the chemical load applied for broadleaf weed control has shown a consistent, if not dramatic, decline. A much more significant reduction has occurred in grass weed control. Main reasons for the reduction are a move from PPI and PRE treatments to POST, the development of repeat low-dose herbicide techniques, and the introduction of more active postemergence grass herbicides. In general, this change has been achieved with a concomitant improvement in crop safety. These developments occurred as a coincident benefit in pursuing the target objective of giving growers more convenient and flexible weed control and not as a specific attempt to reduce chemical use. This paper discusses the evolution of weed control programs in the U.K., France, Germany, and the U.S.A. All show a similar trend, though the pace of change has been slower in the U.S.A.
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Yasyshena, Valentyna. "The evolution of intangible assets in terms of social and economic development concepts." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 4(90) (December 12, 2018): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.04.134.
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The article presents evidence that historically the emergence of intellectual property rights dates back to the pre-industrial stage of society’s development. The issuing of letters patent in England led to further development of intangible assets worldwide. The study considers chronologically social and economic development concepts which have been researched in academic papers of prominent scholars, namely, A. Smith, F. List, Knight, F. Machlup, W. Rostow, J. Galbraith, D. Bell, P. Drucker, and then highlights the key aspects that have affected the evolution of intangible assets. Thus, on the basis of reviewing the concepts developed by outstanding scholars, it is pointed out that the growth of intangible assets has been driven by knowledge and that a post-industrial society is based on unprecedented technological breakthroughs. Special reference is made to information viewed as the key production resource of a post-industrial society, whereas knowledge is seen as its internal source of progress. In a post-industrial society, people are regarded as capital. The essential importance and role of intellectual capital in company operations are embodied in professional and managerial skills of personnel. As shown in the article, there are not only research development concepts, but also normative documents, such as the Bulletin entitled «Amortization of intangible assets», in which intangible assets are identified as accounting items. Furthermore, the international system of intellectual property protection has been enhanced by the introduction of Paris and Berne Conventions. The paper also describes how the concept of intangible assets, which appeared in Ukraine’s legislation in 1993, is seen in the national legal system, specifically as intellectual property objects including industrial property and other items of property and use. With the introduction of Ukrainian Accounting Standards (UAS) 8 into the national legislation, it was firstly emphasized that intangible assets are non-monetary assets that, on the one hand, are non-material and, on the other hand, can be identified. The article also stresses that today’s society is passing a new stage of post-industrial development, which is accompanied not only by a rapid growth of service industries, science and education, but also by a significant increase of specialized knowledge in various fields. Finally, the need for further research of intangible assets is identified, since intangibles have a great impact on enterprise value and the competitiveness of the national economy as a whole.
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Beauchamp, F., V. Boucher, X. Neveu, V. Ouellet, P. Archambault, S. Berthelot, J. Chauny, et al. "LO89: Describing the evolution of post-concussion symptoms after sports-related mTBI." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.143.
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Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a serious public health issue and as much as one third of mTBI patients could be affected by persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) three months after their injury. Even though a significant proportion of all mTBIs are sports-related (SR), little is known on the recovery process of SR mTBI patients and the potential differences between SR mTBI and patients who suffered non-sports-related mTBI. The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of PPCS among patients who sustained a SR mTBI compared to those who sustained non sport-related mTBI. Methods: This Canadian multicenter prospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 14 who had a documented mTBI that occurred within 24 hours of Emergency Department (ED) visit, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13-15. Patients who were hospitalized following their ED visit or unable to consent were excluded. Clinical and sociodemographic information was collected during the initial ED visit. Three follow-up phone interviews were conducted by a research nurse at 7, 30 and 90 days post-injury to assess symptom evolution using the validated Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). Adjusted risk ratios (RR) were calculated to demonstrate the impact of the mechanism of injury (sports vs non-sports) on the presence and severity of PPCS. Results: A total of 1676 mTBI patients were included, 358 (21.4%) of which sustained a SR mTBI. At 90 days post-injury, patients who suffered a SR mTBI seemed to be significantly less affected by fatigue (RR: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50-0.97)) and irritability (RR: 0.60 (95% CI: 0.38-0.94)). However, no difference was observed between the two groups regarding each other symptom evaluated in the RPQ. Moreover, the proportion of patients with three symptoms or more, a score ≥21 on the RPQ and those who did return to their normal activities were also comparable. Conclusion: Although persistent post-concussion symptoms are slightly different depending on the mechanism of trauma, our results show that patients who sustained SR-mTBI could be at lower risk of experiencing some types of symptoms 90 days post-injury, in particular, fatigue and irritability.
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Szczęsny, Grzegorz, Wiesław Tomaszewski, and Marcin Domżalski(. "Evolution of the Hyaluronic Acid in Viscosupplementation – from Linear Particles to Hybrid Complexes." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 23, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9625.
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The discovery of unique properties of the hyaluronic acid and learning about the role of this aid in pathophysiology of extracellular matrices resulted in using this substance in pharmacological support in cases of tissue dysfunction due to numerous disease units. Therefore, the products containing this substance are now widely used in medicine including dermatology and aesthetic medicine, ophthalmology, facial-mandibular surgery and orthopedics, being among the most effective products used in the treatment of numerous cases of function impairment and deformation of tissues and organs. There are applied in both post-traumatic and post-inflammatory conditions as well as in symptoms due to chronic conditions. Their therapeutic effects result from joint surface moisturizing, reduction of the coefficient of friction (COF) and good bio-tolerance and biocompatibility confirmed by a low percentage of side effects and biocompatibility. The introduction of hyaluronic acid hybrid complexes with high and low molecular mass (H/L-HA) has increased the clinical usefulness of hyaluronic acid products thanks to their increased viscoelasticity, increased anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties and thermodynamic stabilization of the product guaranteeing its half-life. Thanks to the above mentioned properties it becomes more effective in the non-surgical treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Switzer, Noah J., Richdeep S. Gill, and Shahzeer Karmali. "The Evolution of the Appendectomy: From Open to Laparoscopic to Single Incision." Scientifica 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/895469.
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Beginning with its initial description by Fitz in the 19th century, acute appendicitis has been a significant long-standing medical challenge; today it remains the most common gastrointestinal emergency in adults. Already in 1894, McBurney advocated for the surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and is credited with the initial description of an Open Appendectomy (OA). With the introduction of minimally invasive surgery, this classic approach evolved into a procedure with multiple, smaller incisions; a technique termed Laparoscopic Appendectomy (LA). There is much literature describing the advantages of this newer approach. To name a few, patients have significantly less wound infections, reduced pain, and a reduction in ileus compared with the OA. In the past few years, Single Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy (SILA) has gained popularity as the next major evolutionary advancement in the removal of the appendix. Described as a pioneer in the era of “scarless surgery,” it involves only one transumbilical incision. Patients are postulated to have reduced post-operative complications such as infection, hernias, and hematomas, as well as a quicker recovery time and less post-operative pain scores, in comparison to its predecessors. In this review, we explore the advancement of the appendectomy from open to laparoscopic to single incision.
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Neimeyer, Robert A. "Meaning Reconstruction in the Wake of Loss: Evolution of a Research Program." Behaviour Change 33, no. 2 (April 7, 2016): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2016.4.
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As theories of bereavement have evolved, so too have evidence-based interventions to mitigate complications in post-loss adaptation. This article reviews one line of programmatic research grounded in a conceptualisation of grieving as an attempt to reaffirm or reconstruct a world of meaning challenged by loss. Anchored in therapeutic encounters with the bereaved, a meaning reconstruction approach to loss has grown over the past 15 years to generate an increasingly substantial research base, as well as to develop and refine a wide array of contributions to psychological assessment and therapy. By summarising the major models, measures and methods resulting from this collaborative work, it offers an introduction to meaning reconstruction for those unfamiliar with it, noting its contributions to date, its areas of future development, and its relevance for clinical practice.
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Baroni, Carina Outi, Cláudia Matsunaga Martin, and Ana Carolina B. C. Fonseca Pinto. "Digital radiographic system – a literature review." Clínica Veterinária XXI, no. 122 (May 1, 2016): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2016.xxi.n.122.p.96-104.
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The transition from conventional to digital radiographic systems has transformed the diagnostic imaging services in both human and veterinary medicine in the last 20 years. The introduction of direct and indirect digital radiographic systems in the routine of many hospitals and image laboratories has turned the use of post-processing tools more frequent and important. Thus, the need of knowledge about these resources motivated this literature review, which aims to contribute in a simple way to the understanding of the physics involved in the acquisition of computerized radiographic images. Additionally, we hereby present the research evolution to validade the use of digital images for thoracic evaluation and the contribution of post-processing to clinical applications and diagnosis.
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Eymard, Pauline, and Yannick Le Mer. "Long-term functional and anatomical evolution in surgically closed macular holes with internal limiting membrane peeling." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 5 (July 3, 2019): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119860778.
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the long-term evolution of macular retinal thickness and visual acuity in patients who present surgically closed full-thickness macular hole, operated by vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. Methods: A retrospective observational study of patients operated for full-thickness macular hole with closure of the hole and at least 6 months of post-operative follow-up was performed. All patients had pars plana vitrectomy, peeling of the internal limiting membrane, gas filling and positioning. Comparison of the early post-operative (in the first 5 months) visual acuity and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography-measured macular thickness with late post-operative data (between 6 months and 6 years) was performed. Foveal retinal thickness and temporal and nasal retinal thickness between 1 and 3 mm from the centre were recorded. Results: In total, 35 eyes of 34 patients were included, with an early post-operative measure realized at a mean of 1.8 months and a late measure done at a mean of 25.5 months (7–73 months). Foveal thickness stayed unchanged (282 vs 288 µm), nasal parafoveal thickness remained increased compared to normal and stayed constant (345 vs 345 µm) and temporal parafoveal macular thickness was decreased (313 vs 308 µm) ( p = 0.028). Best-corrected visual acuity was improved by the surgery and the gain increased over time. Conclusion: Internal limiting membrane peeling improves anatomical success of full-thickness macular hole, but this procedure is not without long-term scalable consequences on macular thickness on the temporal quadrant (thinning) as on the nasal quadrant (thickening).
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Hernández-Conde, Marta, Carlos Fernández-Carrillo, Elba Llop, Christie Perelló, Marta López-Gómez, José L. Martínez-Porras, Natalia Fernández-Puga, and José L. Calleja. "Impact of Sustained Viral Response in the Evolution of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: a Prospective Pilot Study." Annals of Hepatology 17, no. 5 (September 18, 2018): 0–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4895.
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Introduction and aims. To determine the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with liver cirrosis (LC) due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to evaluate the impact of sustained viral response (SVR) on MHE. Material and methods. We performed a prospective study using MHE screening and follow-up on patients with HCV and LC. The patients were evaluated at the beginning of treatment and 24 weeks after treatment. Results. 64 patients were included. 51.6% were male, the median age was 62years, Child-Pugh classification A/B/C 93.8%/4.7%/1.6% and median MELD was 8.3. Prior hydropic decompensation was present in 11 patients. Median values of liver stiffness, as measured by transient elastography (TE) were 22.8 KPa. Indirect signs of portal hypertension (PH) were present in 53.1% of patients, with a mean of 11.9 mmHg among the ones with a measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient. The prevalence of MHE before treatment was 26.6%. After treatment, 98.4% of patients achieved SVR. The presence of MHE at 24weeks post-treatment had an statistically significant association with the presence of pre-treatment MHE (80% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.01), higher MELD scores at 24-weeks post-treatment (9.8 vs. 8; p = 0.02), higher Child-Pugh scores at 24-weeks post-treatment (p = 0.04), higher baseline INR levels (1.4 vs. 1.1; p < 0.001) and with the presence of indirect signs of PH (100% vs. 47.1%; p = 0.02). During follow-up, those patients without MHE at 24weeks post-treatment had a higher probability of experiencing an improvement in post-treatment TE (80.9% vs. 40%, p = 0.04). Conclusion. We found that SVR may lead to MHE resolution in a considerable proportion of patients, which has potential implications for disease prognosis.
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Munlela, Benilde, Eva D. João, Celeste M. Donato, Amy Strydom, Simone S. Boene, Assucênio Chissaque, Adilson F. L. Bauhofer, et al. "Whole Genome Characterization and Evolutionary Analysis of G1P[8] Rotavirus A Strains during the Pre- and Post-Vaccine Periods in Mozambique (2012–2017)." Pathogens 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2020): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121026.
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Mozambique introduced the Rotarix® vaccine (GSK Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) into the National Immunization Program in September 2015. Although G1P[8] was one of the most prevalent genotypes between 2012 and 2017 in Mozambique, no complete genomes had been sequenced to date. Here we report whole genome sequence analysis for 36 G1P[8] strains using an Illumina MiSeq platform. All strains exhibited a Wa-like genetic backbone (G1-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the Mozambican strains clustered closely together in a conserved clade for the entire genome. No distinct clustering for pre- and post-vaccine strains were observed. These findings may suggest no selective pressure by the introduction of the Rotarix® vaccine in 2015. Two strains (HJM1646 and HGM0544) showed varied clustering for the entire genome, suggesting reassortment, whereas a further strain obtained from a rural area (MAN0033) clustered separately for all gene segments. Bayesian analysis for the VP7 and VP4 encoding gene segments supported the phylogenetic analysis and indicated a possible introduction from India around 2011.7 and 2013.0 for the main Mozambican clade. Continued monitoring of rotavirus strains in the post-vaccine period is required to fully understand the impact of vaccine introduction on the diversity and evolution of rotavirus strains.
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Dudchenko, Victoria. "EVOLUTION OF CENTRAL BANKS." Economic Analysis, no. 30(1, Part 1) (2020): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.01.084.
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Introduction. Throughout the centuries there took place a process of central banks’ development that reflected on the area of target defining, establishing the relationship with government, interconnection with financial market participants, inner management processes. This institute’s evolution from the first bank of issue creation till the modern central bank, including the supranational central bank in the European Union, is characterized by complicated tools of the change of policy, practice, institutional structure, aims and status. Nowadays the next stage of central banks’ development occurs and is characterized by expanding the mandate, reforming the policy, developing innovative aims. This stage is outlined with the global financial and economic crisis and the post-crisis period of the world financial system’s recovery. Under these circumstances, the central banks’ role tends to increase in terms of overcoming the consequences on the global financial and economic crisis that prompts actualizing the issues of integration of unconventional measures in the monetary policy tool, coordination of work of central bank and government concerning debt management, cooperation between the central bank and international financial institutions within the framework of debt management, cooperation between the central banks and international financial institutions within the framework of banking management. Purpose. Generalization of stages and systematization of the causes of emergence, formation and development of a central bank institution through the study of their creation’s evolution and functions’ transformation. Method (methodology). In order to investigate the historical processes, logical sequence of central banks’ development both historical and logical methods of scientific researches were applied. Results. The reasons of central banks’ emergence were generalized, the evolution of central banks’ creation was studied, stages of emergence and development of central banks were further developed and systematized. The peculiarities of the modern stage of central banks’ functioning, role’s change and transformation of functions under the influence of global financial and economic crises.
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Miletskiy, V. P., and O. A. Nikifоrova. "Evolution of Political Simulacra in Digital Society (on the Examples of “fake news” and “post-truth”)." Discourse 6, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-3-64-77.
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Introduction. The paper deals with the evolution of “fake-news” and “post-truth” in the digital society, which can be qualified as simulations of virtual space. The authors formulate a hypothesis that disclosure of the features of social evolution of “fake news” and “post truth” as political simulaсra is possible on the basis of a multi-paradigm approach that combines the explanatory potential of sociology of communication, political sociology, systemic, interactive approach, concepts of cultivation and agenda.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis is a multi-paradigm approach to the study of “fake news” and “post truth” as “simulacras” of virtual space, distributed mainly "on the World Wide Web" in the form of deliberately false or distorting messages, memes, posts, repost, tweets, retweets, trolling, etc., allowing to unite heuristic possibilities of system-sociological and interactive approaches, theory of communicative action, concepts of cultivation and agenda.Results and discussion. The authors argue that “fake news” as an information unit of mainly political and communicative space is a natural product of digitalization development, which arises from the “post truth”. Today the artificial construction of political news has a practical impact on the behavior of businessmen, public figures, political leaders, etc., as well as to influence the real socio-economic processes and political and legal sphere on a global scale. The problem of belief in "fake news" is considered, the study of which, based on multi-paradigm methodology, allows to reveal it properly and find possible solutions.Conclusion. Consideration of the evolution of “fake news” and “post truth” in digital society shows that they act as certain political simulacras of virtual space with using the manipulative technologies. “Fake-news” and “posttruth” pose a threat to society as a whole, create “obstacles” for their study and complicate communicative interaction, replacing real socio-political communications and tangible political actions with their imitation in virtual space or, for example, as a politically convenient truth, form a certain synthetic simulacrum in political-communicative practice, which combines PR-shows and media manipulations.
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Legeard, Inès, Marc-Antoine Chevrollier, and Gérard Bader. "Diagnosis of a plasmoblastic lymphoma of the mandible after renal transplantation: a case report." Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 27, no. 4 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2021036.
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Introduction: Post-transplant lymphoproliferations (PTL) are a severe complication of solid organ transplants. Their locations can be extra-nodal. Observation: The diagnosis and management of a non-Hodgkin's plasmablastic lymphoma of mandibular localization affecting a 66-year-old kidney transplanted patient are reported here. Comment: The main risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma are immunosuppression and infection with Epstein-Barr virus. Clinical and radiographic examinations, which are not specific, must be supplemented by a histological examination. Treatment which is not consensual will most often consist of a reduction in immunosuppression coupled with chemotherapy. Conclusion: Despite a constant evolution in the incidence and clinical picture of post-transplant lymphomas, the role of the dentist remains essential in the early detection of lesions.
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Sultanova, Nigar T. "Perspectives of Further Institutional Development of the EU: High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security and EU Foreign Policy." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 4 (November 27, 2019): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928419874552.
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Treaty of Lisbon has contributed significantly to the development of the European Union (EU) institutions. It has abolished the EU pillars system and has made crucial changes to the implementation of external policies of the Union. This article tracks the evolution of the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, starting from its introduction by the Amsterdam Treaty, until the reforms introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon, and also analyses the challenges it is facing, on its path to implement its mandate.
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Тимофеева, Svetlana Timofeeva, Медведева, and S. Medvedeva. "Biotechnologies for Improvement of Environmental Safety related to Pulp and Paper Industry (actual status)." Safety in Technosphere 2, no. 3 (June 25, 2013): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/448.
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Based on the development concept of Russian pulp and paper industry up to 2015 the possible directions of its post-crisis growth and current trends are identified. One of optimal directions to achieve the environmental and resource saving effects in the pulp and paper industry is the introduction of best available technologies. The scientific potential assessment of domestic developments related to some of the best modern biotechnologies that could create a new conceptual basis for evolution of technologies in the pulp and paper industry and improve the environmental industrial safety is given in this paper.
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Makarewicz, Joseph C., Theodore W. Lewis, and Paul Bertram. "Phytoplankton Composition and Biomass in the Offshore Waters of Lake Erie: Pre- and Post-Dreissena Introduction (1983–1993)." Journal of Great Lakes Research 25, no. 1 (January 1999): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(99)70722-7.
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Ciofini, Alice, Francesca Negrini, Riccardo Baroncelli, and Elena Baraldi. "Management of Post-Harvest Anthracnose: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives." Plants 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141856.
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Anthracnose is a severe disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. on several crop species. Fungal infections can occur both in the field and at the post-harvest stage causing severe lesions on fruits and economic losses. Physical treatments and synthetic fungicides have traditionally been the preferred means to control anthracnose adverse effects; however, the urgent need to decrease the use of toxic chemicals led to the investigation of innovative and sustainable protection techniques. Evidence for the efficacy of biological agents and vegetal derivates has been reported; however, their introduction into actual crop protection strategies requires the solutions of several critical issues. Biotechnology-based approaches have also been explored, revealing the opportunity to develop innovative and safe methods for anthracnose management through genome editing and RNA interference technologies. Nevertheless, besides the number of advantages related to their use, e.g., the putative absence of adverse effects due to their high specificity, a number of aspects remain to be clarified to enable their introduction into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) protocols against Colletotrichum spp. disease.
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Cubitt, J., Z. Barber, AA Khan, and M. Tyler. "Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 8 (November 2012): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588412x13373405386457.
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INTRODUCTION Approximately 45,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in the UK each year. The success of screening and the introduction of adjuvant therapies have meant that prognosis is improving and an increasing number of patients are seeking reconstruction following mastectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstructions performed in Stoke Mandeville Hospital and, through analysis of complications, detail the evolution of the current care pathway. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of all the DIEP flap reconstructions performed by the senior author (MT) between July 2003 and December 2010. RESULTS Overall, 159 flaps were performed on 141 patients (including 36 bilateral flaps). The average patient age was 49 years (range: 28–70 years) and 13% of flaps were risk reducing for BRCA1/2. Twenty-six per cent of patients suffered one or more complication post-operatively, including systemic complications (pulmonary embolism 2%) and flap specific complications (partial flap necrosis 9%, reanastomosis 3%, fat necrosis 9%). Seventy-four per cent had further elective operations including nipple reconstruction (72%), contralateral breast reduction (36%) and scar revision (21%). CONCLUSIONS DIEP flaps are a safe and reliable option for breast reconstructions. This series illustrates the significant leaning curve, with complications, operative time and ischaemic time reducing through the series and post-operative haemoglobin increasing. The complications experienced in this series of 159 flaps with no total flap loss provide the framework for the evolution of the current care pathway including pre-operative imaging, peri-operative deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis and analgesia.
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Tiribelli, Mario, Federico De Marchi, Daniela Barraco, Luciana Marin, Erika Codarin, Silvia Buttignol, Daniela Damiani, and Renato Fanin. "Clinical Factors Predictive Of Myelofibrotic Evolutions In Patients With Essential Thrombocythemia and Polycythemia Vera." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4082.4082.
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Abstract Introduction Evolution to myelofibrosis (MF) represents a relatively rare but always severe event in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). Few reports have focused on the clinical and biological features at diagnosis of ET and PV that correlate with progression to MF. Aims and Methods We retrospectively studied a series of patients with post-ET and post-PV MF and compared with a group of ET and PV patients with a long follow-up without myelofibrotic evolution, with the aim to identify prognostic factors for MF. Forty-three patients with post-ET (n=29) and post-PV (n=14) MF followed at our institution were compared with 125 ET and 75 PV patients with at least 9 years of follow-up without evolution. Diagnosis of ET and PV was confirmed according to WHO criteria (including JAK2 analysis, performed since 2006 and study), evolution to MF was defined according to IWG-MRT proposed criteria. The following parameters, available for all patients at diagnosis of ET or ET, were taken into consideration to find prognostic risk factors for myelofibrosis: age, platelet (PLT) count, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, white blood cell (WBC) count. Statistical analyses were conducted using Student t test. Results Median time from diagnosis of ET/PV and progression to MF was 156 months (range: 29-314). Comparing baseline characteristics of patients who evolved to MF and those who did not, we did not found any significant correlation. Mean data at diagnosis for patients with (n = 43) or without (n=200) subsequent evolution to MF were as follow: age 52.1 vs 53.1 years (p=0.79), Hb 15.4 vs 15.7 g/dl (p=0.59), Hct 47.2 vs 47.1% (p=0.67), WBC 9.8 vs 9.1 x 109/l (p=0.11), PLT 713 vs 689 x 109/l (p=0.87). Also when considering only the 29 post-ET MF and the 125 ET patients, there was no clinical feature present at diagnosis that could foresee a future myelofibrotic evolution. Conversely, in the 14 post-PV MF and 75 PV patients, progression to MF was predicted only by higher WBC count (11.4 vs 9.3 x 109/l, p=0.046), while no correlation was found with age, Hb, Hct or PLT [Table 1]. Conclusions Concordant with some previous reports, our data suggest a possible role of leucocytosis as an adverse risk factor for progression to MF in patients with PV, though not in ET. Other clinical characteristics present at diagnosis, such as advanced age, anemia or polycythemia and thrombocytosis do not seem to be associated with higher risk of fibrotic evolution in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Riggs, J., S. Gray, M. McGowan, and A. Petrosoniak. "MP09: Critical care skills training day for emergency medicine residents: A curriculum in evolution." CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.144.
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Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) residents are expected become proficient in a number of rarely performed, high risk procedures. We developed Critical Care Skills Training Day for senior FRCP and CCFP EM residents at a single university program to fill a gap in resident confidence with these procedures. The day applies principles of deliberate practice with focused feedback using simulation-based training for several rarely performed procedures including thoracotomy, fibre-optic intubation, pericardiocentesis, resuscitative hysterotomy and central line insertion. The objectives of this work was to improve the residents’ scores of self-perceived comfort independently performing these procedures by completion of the training day. Methods: Clinician educators, residency program directors and simulation specialists designed and taught the curriculum. We used pre- and post-training day surveys blending Likert, multiple choice and free text comments to measure comfort performing each procedure, overall satisfaction and usefulness of this training. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze results. Pre-post differences were assessed using paired sample T-tests. Comments and themes from course evaluations were used to make yearly iterative changes. Results: A total of 95 residents completed the curriculum between 2016-2018. 89 completed evaluations (93%). Residents reported significant (p < 0.05) improvement in comfort independently performing fibre optic intubation, thoracotomy and central line insertion. The day was rated very highly, 9.4/10 (SD, 0.72), over 3 years. Feedback was positive with participants identifying opportunities for repeated practice, feedback from instructors and practical tips to improve performance as valuable aspects. Iterative changes were made yearly in response to resident feedback including introduction of new procedures, incorporating skills into sim-based cases, and different training models for skill training. Conclusion: Critical Care Skills Training Day for EM residents was created using the principle of deliberate practice to fill a perceived gap in resident training. Residents who completed the annual curriculum showed a marked increase in comfort independently performing several of the procedures. Ongoing challenges include the length of the day, economies of scale, and training models available for the rare procedures. Future directions include the integration of longitudinal objective performance evaluations to align with the competency by design curriculum.
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Alba, Vincenzo, Bruno Bertini, Maurizio Fagotti, Lorenzo Piroli, and Paola Ruggiero. "Generalized-hydrodynamic approach to inhomogeneous quenches: correlations, entanglement and quantum effects." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2021, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 114004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac257d.
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Abstract We give a pedagogical introduction to the generalized hydrodynamic approach to inhomogeneous quenches in integrable many-body quantum systems. We review recent applications of the theory, focusing in particular on two classes of problems: bipartitioning protocols and trap quenches, which represent two prototypical examples of broken translational symmetry in either the system initial state or post-quench Hamiltonian. We report on exact results that have been obtained for generic time-dependent correlation functions and entanglement evolution, and discuss in detail the range of applicability of the theory. Finally, we present some open questions and suggest perspectives on possible future directions.
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Dobija, Dorota. "The early evolution of corporate control and auditing: the English East India Company (1600-1640)." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 214–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2015-1991.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the origins and evolution of auditing and control by linking the changes in the manner in which the audits were conducted with the changes in the institutional function and development of the English East India Company (EIC). Design/methodology/approach Using Sunder’s contract theory of a firm as an interpretive framework, this paper introduces to the debate material documenting the evolution of the auditing practice during a period of 40 years using the single case of the EIC. Findings Auditing in the EIC evolved from a simple adjudication on allowable expenditures to ex post verification of transactions, and from using volunteers to paid auditors. Initially, the company was organized into a series of separate, terminable stocks, and simple verification by volunteer auditors chosen from among the shareholders was sufficient to secure the latter’s interests. When the increasing number, size, and complexity of transactions by the EIC rendered the adjudication approach insufficient, ex post verification of financial transactions was added. With a clearer separation between ownership and control at the time of the introduction of permanent joint stock, the audit function assumed a more professional form. Originality/value This paper contributes to the research on the early modern period at a time of the formation and rapid development of the first joint-stock organization. It offers a dynamic picture of the evolution of control and auditing as a response to the growth of business, organizations, and the attendant challenges of governance.
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Sherpa, Stéphanie, Julien Renaud, Maya Guéguen, Gilles Besnard, Loic Mouyon, Delphine Rey, and Laurence Després. "Landscape does matter: Disentangling founder effects from natural and human‐aided post‐introduction dispersal during an ongoing biological invasion." Journal of Animal Ecology 89, no. 9 (July 26, 2020): 2027–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13284.
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Selbie, Daniel T., Jon N. Sweetman, Peter Etherton, Kim D. Hyatt, D. Paul Rankin, Bruce P. Finney, and John P. Smol. "Climate change modulates structural and functional lake ecosystem responses to introduced anadromous salmon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 4 (April 2011): 675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-006.
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We integrated limnological, paleolimnological, and fisheries analyses in Tuya Lake, British Columbia, Canada, to explore the effects and interactions of climate warming and sockeye salmon introductions on northern lake ecology. We tracked millennially unprecedented, climate-correlated changes in inferred lake production, stratification, and trophic structure since the mid-1800s, most likely resulting from declining ice cover and enhanced stratification. Post-1970s algal (diatom) species turnover, coeval across several remote northern Cordilleran lakes, marked an apparent increase in warming and the induction of inferred nitrogen deficiencies in Tuya Lake. Lower post-stocking phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and a strong P-modeled salmon biomass correlation (r2 = 0.87) indicated salmon production reduced epilimnetic nutrient availability. Post-stocking chlorophyll reductions, late-summer algal dominance by heterocystous cyanobacteria and low-N-tolerant diatoms, and a strong chlorophyll-modeled salmon biomass correlation (r2 = 0.87) indicated that salmon influenced lake productivity, most likely by enhancing climate-induced N-deficiencies. Predicted smolt-biomass nutrient exports were minimal, with post-introduction nutrient reductions likely related to planktivory and enhanced sedimentation losses. Our study highlights how climate warming changes northern lake ecosystem structure and functioning, influencing responses to subsequent stresses.
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Cowl, Veronica B., Keith Jensen, Jessica M. D. Lea, Susan L. Walker, and Susanne Shultz. "Sulawesi Crested Macaque (Macaca nigra) Grooming Networks Are Robust to Perturbation While Individual Associations Are More Labile." International Journal of Primatology 41, no. 1 (February 2020): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00139-6.
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AbstractSocial and environmental disturbance occurs naturally, and species in bonded social groups should be resilient to it. Empirical evidence of social responses to disturbance in primates, however, remains limited. We constructed social networks using group-level scan samples (N = 299) to test the robustness of grooming networks in a captive group of 20 Sulawesi crested macaques (Macaca nigra) to two management interventions involving environmental and social disturbance. During the first, the institution removed six castrated males and one female, contracepted six of the nine remaining females, and moved the group to a new enclosure. The second involved the introduction of a novel, reproductive male five weeks later. Networks remained stable following the first intervention. However, after introduction of the male, the number of grooming partners and the frequency of grooming with non-maternal kin increased in female-only networks. We observed less marked increases in the grooming frequency and number of grooming partners in whole group networks. Ten weeks later, network structure was more similar to that of pre-intervention networks than post-intervention networks. Our results suggest that reproductive males play a more important role in structuring Sulawesi crested macaque social networks than castrated males, as networks expanded and relationships between non-maternal kin occurred more frequently after introduction of the reproductive male. However, network responses to interventions appeared to be temporary as networks following a period of acclimation more closely resembled pre-intervention networks than post-intervention networks. Our study demonstrates the utility of social network analysis for understanding the impact of disturbance on stable social groups.
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Matthews, I., and PA Cook. "Diatom diet of abalone post-larvae (Haliotis midae) and the effect of pre-grazing the diatom overstorey." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 3 (1995): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950545.
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Gut content analyses of abalone post-larvae (H. midae) that settled on diatom-covered surfaces were conducted to determine selectivity in feeding. Diatoms were counted by the Utermohl method and scanning electron microscopy was used for their identification. Results indicated that abalone post-larvae preferred prostrate diatoms such as Cocconeis sublittoralis Hendey, Amphora proteoides Hustedt and Achnanthes brevipes Agasdh but would consume the more loosely packed, overstorey species such as Delphineis karstenii (Boden) Fryxell, Diploneis placida (Schmidt) Hustedt and Nitzschia palea (Kiitzing) Wm. Smith if their preferred food was not available. Pre-grazing of settlement surfaces by juvenile abalone before the introduction of larvae removed most of the overstorey diatoms but left the preferred species virtually intact.
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Thomaes, Arno, Luc De Keersmaeker, Pieter Verschelde, Kris Vandekerkhove, and Kris Verheyen. "Tree species determine the colonisation success of forest herbs in post-agricultural forests: Results from a 9 yr introduction experiment." Biological Conservation 169 (January 2014): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.024.
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Cusano, Ellen, Chelsea Wong, Eddy Taguedong, Marcus Vaska, Tasnima Abedin, Nancy Nixon, Safiya Karim, Patricia Tang, Daniel Y. C. Heng, and Doreen Ezeife. "Impact of Value Frameworks on the Magnitude of Clinical Benefit: Evaluating a Decade of Randomized Trials for Systemic Therapy in Solid Malignancies." Current Oncology 28, no. 6 (November 21, 2021): 4894–928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28060412.
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In the era of rapid development of new, expensive cancer therapies, value frameworks have been developed to quantify clinical benefit (CB). We assessed the evolution of CB since the 2015 introduction of The American Society of Clinical Oncology and The European Society of Medical Oncology value frameworks. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing systemic therapies for solid malignancies from 2010 to 2020 were evaluated and CB (Δ) in 2010–2014 (pre-value frameworks (PRE)) were compared to 2015–2020 (POST) for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), and quality of life (QoL). In the 485 studies analyzed (12% PRE and 88% POST), the most common primary endpoint was PFS (49%), followed by OS (20%), RR (12%), and QoL (6%), with a significant increase in OS and decrease in RR as primary endpoints in the POST era (p = 0.011). Multivariable analyses revealed significant improvement in ΔOS POST (OR 2.86, 95% CI 0.46 to 5.26, p = 0.02) while controlling for other variables. After the development of value frameworks, median ΔOS improved minimally. The impact of value frameworks has yet to be fully realized in RCTs. Efforts to include endpoints shown to impact value, such as QoL, into clinical trials are warranted.
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Polivach, A. "Prospects of the Central Bank Digital Currencies in the Post-Soviet States." Russia and New States of Eurasia, no. 4 (2021): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2073-4786-2021-4-145-163.
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This article analyses prospects of introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) in eleven post-Soviet states as well as their policy towards crypto-currencies. Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova have not taken a final decision yet about the CBDC while the crypto-currency industry is not regulated by law and is not much developed in these countries. Belarus, Georgia and Uzbekistan attempt to get profits by stimulating crypto-currency industry and making their jurisdictions attractive for such business. But these countries also have not decided yet about the CBDC. Kazakhstan and Tajikistan announced plans to introduce national CBDCs. Ukraine attempts to go in both directions – to stimulate crypto-currency industry and to introduce national CBDC.
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Friedel, M. H. "Unwelcome guests: a selective history of weed introductions to arid and semi-arid Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 2 (2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20030.
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Following European settlement of Australia, numerous plant species were deliberately introduced for use in crops, pastures, gardens and horticulture, and others arrived by chance. Many subsequently escaped and became weedy. Of the 54 weed species of natural environments of arid and semi-arid Australia that are considered here, 27 were apparently accidentally introduced, 20 were intentionally introduced and 7 were probably introduced both accidentally and intentionally. Livestock including camels and their harness, and contaminated seed and hay were the most common vectors for accidental introduction. Amongst intentional introductions, rather more ornamental species appear to have invaded successfully than pasture species, but the former generally occupy niche habitats. Recent new introductions are few due to pre-border, border and post-border protections, but many current arid zone weeds continue to spread. Understanding the history of weed invasions can help to guide current and future management by clarifying pathways for introduction.
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Kyrydon, Alla, and Sergiy Troyan. "International relations as a system and a discipline: From the westphalian to the post-westphalian world order." Studia i Analizy Nauk o Polityce, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/sanp.12325.
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The review is devoted to the analysis of scientific work of Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan, The Making of Global International Relations. Origins and Evolution of IR at its Centenary (Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 383 p.). Structurally, the work consists of an introduction and ten sections. Well-known Western theorists of international relations gave their vision of the evolution of the Westphalian world order during the twentieth century. They also revealed the reasons and nature of the transition of the world order to Post-Westphalian international relations after 1989 and substantiated the causes, principles and effects of the emergence and development of knowledge about International Relations. Based on the study and critical rethinking of the theory and practice of international relations of the XX – early XXI century (until 2017/2018) the authors singled out several meaningful blocks. This grouping allowed us to state the modernization of the Westphalian model of international relations and the formation and development of the science of International Relations in the Сenter and in the Periphery under the influence of a number of fateful events. First of all, we are talking about the impact of the two world wars, bipolar confrontation and the process of decolonization on the evolution of the Westphalian international system. The genesis of the discipline of International Relations after the end of the First World War was accompanied by the active expansion of its institutionalization, subject field and the inclusion of the periphery in this space. Radical changes in the world and international relations after 1989 led to the globalization of international relations and the final formation of the Post-Westphalian world order. The conceptual analysis of the evolution of international relations during the XX–XXI centuries on the basis of fundamental research by Western scientists and also theorists from outside the Western core allows us to state their essential changes under the influence of two world wars, globalization, decolonization and changes in the ratio of forces between the Сenter and the Periphery.
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STOICA, Simona-Isabelle, Carmen Elena CHIPĂRUȘ, Magdalena Vasilica LAPĂDAT, Iulia Maria NOHAI, Andreea DUMITRAȘCU, Ioana ANDONE, Cristina POPESCU, and Gelu ONOSE. "Clinical-imagistic and rehabilitation features in a young patient traumatized by road accident- with vegetative state and evolution towards a state of minimum consciousness at 6 months after the accident." Balneo Research Journal, Vol.11, no.4 (December 2020): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2020.402.
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Introduction: The frequency of road accidents is increasing due to the continuous enhancement of cars and unpredictable elements such as state of the roads and individual factors; their individual consequences can be very severe. Materials and Methods: With the permission of the THEBA Ethics Committee (no 3159/ 30.01.2019), we present an interesting case of a young patient who suffered a severe head injury after a road accident. We will talk about the evolution of clinical, paraclinical and functional parameters. We will also highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic features encountered in this case. Results: Despite the unfavorable clinical and functional prognosis and the multiple post-traumatic complications that occurred, the patient survived and evolved to better psycho-cognitive and functional status. Disccussion and conclusions: Road accidents represent a real social problem through individual, family and professional consequences. In this context, primary and secondary preventive education of the population, as well as the promotion of neuro-muscular – and, if necessary cognitive and or communication - rehabilitation programs are essential. Keywords: traumatic brain injury, neuro-muscular and cognitive rehabilitation, post-traumatic complication,
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Chaoui, B., I. Nassar, and N. MoatassimBillah. "Faecopneumothorax revealing a neglected traumatic diaphragmatic hernia." Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research 6, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jlprr.2019.06.00201.
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Introduction: Tension fecopneumothoraxis a rare but serious complication of traumatic diaphragmatic hernias. The diagnosis of the hernia can be delayed from a few days to some years and will be made on occasion of complications representing the dramatic evolution of the “latent stage” of disease. Only few cases of post-traumatic faecopneumothorax are described in the literature. This clinical evolution is associated to a significant increase in morbidity (30–80% of cases). This is particularly the case with our patient. Case presentation: We report the case of a 26-year-old who had a trauma of the left hypochondrium about a year ago and who presented an acute intestinal occlusion, an X ray abdomen and chest was performed, showing abundant hydropneumothorax, thethoracoabdominal scan reveals an abundant effusion with heterogeneous density in the left pleural cavity, associated with an intrapleural hernia of the large intestine Discussion: Tension fecopneumothorax is a very rare complication of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, only few cases are described in the literature, the mechanisms of the injury can blunt or penetrating, it occurs after intrapleural perforation of a strangulated colon, and very often its life threatening. Conclusion: According to our knowledge and review of the literature, Tension fecopneumothorax complicating a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is very rare; the diagnosis is made by thoracic radiography and thoracoabdominalCT, which also allow orientation of the therapeutic attitude with non-negligible post-operative complications.
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Nikitin, A. I. "EVOLUTION OF CONFLICT STUDIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY CONTEXT IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(50) (October 28, 2016): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-5-50-48-62.
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Article analyses formation and development of the conflict studies in Russia as a sub-discipline within political sciences, on the edge between political theory and studies of international relations and international security. Article defines stages of formation of conflict studies in Russia, analyzes social request for studies of conflicts, considers influence of foreign and international institutes and research, both form the CIS and from other foreign countries, onto the conflict studies in Russia. Author postulates turning of the "New Political Thinking"paradigm elaborated by Gorbachev that allowed reconsidering Moscow's attitude towards various conflicts and rethinking of theoretical principles of conflict analysis, that are not anymore limited to class struggle and ideological contradictions. Introduction of more pluralistic concepts of "socio-political model" and "world order" instead of Marxist category of "socio-economic formation" led to remodeling of international relations along new lines, as well as study contradictions within one social system. Splash of inter-ethnic and separatist conflicts in the first half of the 1990s led to shaping of "practically oriented conflict studies" reflecting political interests of conflict sides in conflicts in Karabakh, Georgia/Abkhazia, Georgia/South Ossetia, Moldova/Transnistria. On the eve of 1990s-2000s formation of theoretical systemic conflict studies as a discipline took place, and this discipline was already quite strongly interfaced with international and foreign conflict studies theory. Article considers role of various institutes of the Russian Academy of Science, research centers including Russian Council on International Affairs, Council on Foreign and Defense Policy? Russian Pugwash Committee, Center for Political and International studies, Moscow Carnegie Center, Russian institute for Strategic Studies, Institute for the USA and Canada Studies, etc. As a separate direction of studies article tackles studies of post-soviet conflicts by foreign institutes and centers, like UNIDIR (Geneva), SIPRI (Stockholm), EU ISS (Paris), British Royal institute of International Affairs. Interaction of Russian and Swiss scientists on the basis of Geneva-based GCSP and DCAF attracts special attention. In conclusion typical issues in focus, as well as theme fields of the Russian conflict studies as a sub-discipline within political sciences are formulated.
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SILIŞTEANU, Sînziana Călina, Elisabeta ANTONESCU, and Lavinia DUICĂ. "Strategies for the recovery of patients with post stroke sequelae in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic." Balneo Research Journal, Vol.11, no.4 (December 5, 2020): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2020.389.
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Introduction. The performance areas of post-stroke mention negatively correlated determinants in doing daily activities. The intrinsic motor recovery depends on the primary motor deficit. The functional recovery of patients with post-stroke sequelae is not only based on the remission of the functional deficit, but it also depends on the ability to develop adapted motor strategies.The objective of the study was to point out, for the patients with post-stroke sequelae, the sensitive, motor and cognitive changes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and method. The study included a number of 18 patients diagnosed with post-stroke sequelae and was conducted for a period of 5 months in an outpatient department. The recovery treatment included sessions of kinetotherapy and occupational therapy. The evaluation of the patients was made in the beginning of the treatment, at its end and at the control after 6 weeks. Scales were used to assess pain, the static and dynamic balance, the gait and the cognitive function. Results. The obtained results were statistically significant for the patients in the group. The values that were obtained by applying the tests and evaluation scales are consistent with the clinical evolution of the patients in the study group. Conclusions. Given the pandemic period we are going through, it is still necessary to carefully evaluate not only the sensory-motor functions of patients with post-stroke sequelae, but also the cognitive functions that are known to influence in some situations the recovery of these patients. Keywords: post-stroke sequelae, functional recovery, kinetic therapy,
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Gfeller, Aurélie Elisa. "Negotiating the meaning of global heritage: ‘cultural landscapes’ in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, 1972–92." Journal of Global History 8, no. 3 (October 2, 2013): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000387.
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AbstractThis article offers new historical analysis of global heritage by tracking the evolution of heritage concepts. Specifically, it analyses the introduction of the category of ‘cultural landscapes’ in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention in 1992, using it as a lens through which to view the process of international (re)negotiation of the meaning of heritage. It shows that this reform resulted from the cooperation of competing actors – including experts, non-governmental organizations, and governments – that harboured different visions of culture and nature and their interrelationship. It also demonstrates that the recognition of cultural landscapes as a heritage category marked the new assertiveness of actors from post-settler states in North America and Oceania, as opposed to Europe, which had dominated global heritage until that point.
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DAIA, Cristina, Anca IONESCU, Elena Valentina IONESCU, Mădălina Gabriela ILIESCU, Liliana Elena STANCIU, Simona Claudia CAMBREA, Dan Marcel ILIESCU, et al. "Complex respiratory and motor rehabilitation program in a patient with post-pulmonary tuberculosis conditions and multiple sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection: case report." Balneo and PRM Research Journal, Vol.12, no.4 (December 14, 2021): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2021.454.
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Introduction: A great variety of medical issues can occur after the COVID-19 infection including fatigue, muscle weakness, locomotor disability, self-care dysfunction, polyneuropathy, persistent dyspnea on exertion and a hypercoagulable state. Materials and methods: This paper presents the case of a nonsmoker 49-year-old male with right lung lower lobe lobectomy for post tuberculosis bronchiectasis and diabetes mellitus, who developed multiple serious physicals, neurological, hematological and respiratory consequences, related to critical COVID-19 infection and prolonged hospitalization, Results: A favorable evolution of the patient’s respiratory sequels and motor impairment on both lower limbs was noticed after a complex individualized rehabilitation program started in the post COVID-19 Rehabilitation Department of Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium, Techirghiol, Romania, consisting in better functional parameters and exercise tolerance, significant improvement in daily activities, remission of exertional dyspnea, social and family reintegration. Conclusions: multidisciplinary approach and complex individualized programs of rehabilitation is required after a critical form of COVID in a patients known with tuberculosis, and other complex pathologies, in order to restore physical function and mobility and optimize respiratory parameters. Keywords: COVID-19, Rehabilitation, Tuberculosis,