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Journal articles on the topic 'Post-hoc'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Grouse, Lawrence. "Post hoc ergo propter hoc." Journal of Thoracic Disease 8, no. 7 (July 2016): E511—E512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2016.04.49.

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2

Costello, E. Jane. "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc." American Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 4 (April 2017): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16111320.

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3

Hoyt, David B. "Post hoc ergo propter hoc." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 74, no. 1 (January 2013): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e31827dc6d3.

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4

Kassirer, Jerome P., and Richard I. Kopelman. "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc." Hospital Practice 22, no. 7 (July 15, 1987): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.1987.11703268.

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5

North, Richard B. "Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc?" Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 14, no. 5 (September 2011): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00401.x.

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6

Bullock, John D. "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc." Survey of Ophthalmology 45, no. 4 (January 2001): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00193-4.

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7

Srinivas, Titte R., Bing Ho, Joseph Kang, and Bruce Kaplan. "Post Hoc Analyses." Transplantation 99, no. 1 (January 2015): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000000581.

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8

Bababekov, Yanik J., and David C. Chang. "Post Hoc Power." Annals of Surgery 269, no. 1 (January 2019): e11-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000002914.

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9

Konjikušić, Snežana, Slađana Starčević, and Saša Mašić. "Post Hoc Analysis of Serbian hotel ratings." Industrija 47, no. 3 (2019): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija47-22081.

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10

Curran-Everett, Douglas, and Henry Milgrom. "Post-hoc data analysis." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 13, no. 3 (June 2013): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e3283609831.

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11

Gillett, Raphael. "Post hoc power analysis." Journal of Applied Psychology 79, no. 5 (1994): 783–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.5.783.

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12

Plate, Joost D. J., Alicia S. Borggreve, Richard van Hillegersberg, and Linda M. Peelen. "Post Hoc Power Calculation." Annals of Surgery 269, no. 1 (January 2019): e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000002910.

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13

Wallace, David K., and Michele Melia. "Post hoc Power Calculations." Ophthalmology 115, no. 11 (November 2008): 2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.06.005.

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14

Sandborn, W., P. Rutgeerts, W. Reinisch, D. Esser, Y. Wang, Y. Lang, C. Marano, et al. "A post-hoc analysis." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 17, suppl_1 (January 1, 2011): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/17.supplement1.s6a.

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15

Raschke, Robert A. "Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis." Chest 145, no. 2 (February 2014): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-2441.

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16

Ferreira, David, and Nicolas Meyer. "Post Hoc Bayesian Analyses." JAMA 321, no. 16 (April 23, 2019): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.1194.

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17

Aberegg, Scott K. "Post Hoc Bayesian Analyses." JAMA 321, no. 16 (April 23, 2019): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.1198.

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18

LeMaire, Scott A. "A Post Hoc Discussion About Post Hoc Power: Divergent Viewpoints on Controversial Methodology." Journal of Surgical Research 259 (March 2021): A1—A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.01.002.

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19

Summers, Jesse S. "Post hoc ergo propter hoc: some benefits of rationalization." Philosophical Explorations 20, sup1 (March 24, 2017): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2017.1287292.

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20

Edmeads, John. "Headache and Head Injury...Post Hoc, or Propter Hoc?" Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 28, no. 3 (April 1988): 228a—229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.1988.hed2803228a.x.

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21

Romney, M. G., C. Lowe, V. Leung, and E. Lloyd-Smith. "Nasal photodisinfection and chlorhexidine: post hoc ergo propter hoc?" Journal of Hospital Infection 90, no. 1 (May 2015): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2015.01.022.

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22

James, Michelle A. "Insufficient Post Hoc Statistical Power." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 100, no. 14 (July 2018): e98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.18.00256.

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23

de Roux-Serratrice, C., J. Serratrice, P. Champsaur, B. Faucher, N. Ené, B. Granel, L. Swiader, C. Coulange, P. Disdier, and P. J. Weiller. "Vous avez dit post-hoc ?…" La Revue de Médecine Interne 26 (July 2005): S282—S283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81285-8.

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24

Friston, Karl, and Will Penny. "Post hoc Bayesian model selection." NeuroImage 56, no. 4 (June 2011): 2089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.062.

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25

Uhlmann, Eric Luis. "Post hoc rationalism in science." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 4 (August 2011): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11000410.

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AbstractIn advocating Bayesian Enlightenment as a solution to Bayesian Fundamentalism, Jones & Love (J&L) rule out a broader critique of rationalist approaches to cognition. However, Bayesian Fundamentalism is merely one example of the more general phenomenon of Rationalist Fundamentalism: the tendency to characterize human judgments as rational and optimal in a post hoc manner, after the empirical data are already known.

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26

Goligher, Ewan C., George Tomlinson, and Arthur S. Slutsky. "Post Hoc Bayesian Analyses—Reply." JAMA 321, no. 16 (April 23, 2019): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.1202.

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27

Borras, L., C. Damsa, P. Vidailhet, A. Andreoli, and F. Bianchi De Micheli. "Schizophrénies et traumatisme cranio-cérébral : post hoc, ergo propter hoc ?" Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 162, no. 10 (December 2004): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2004.08.007.

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28

SARI, Halil İbrahim. "Testing Multistage Testing Configurations: Post-Hoc vs. Hybrid Simulations." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.003.

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29

Magini, Marina, Francesca Ingravallo, and Alberto Cicognani. "Danni cerebrali neonatali: la fallacia del post hoc ergo propter hoc." Pratica Medica & Aspetti Legali 1, no. 2 (May 15, 2007): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/pmeal.v1i2.416.

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30

Finucane, Thomas E. "Post hoc ergo propter hoc: Complications and Death after Gastrostomy Placement." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 13, no. 3 (March 2012): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2011.10.003.

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31

Facharztmagazine, Redaktion. "Inotuzumab Ozogamicin: Neue Post-hoc-Daten." InFo Hämatologie + Onkologie 24, no. 1-2 (February 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15004-021-8537-6.

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32

Dellinger, R. Phillip. "Post hoc analyses in sepsis trials." Critical Care Medicine 24, no. 5 (May 1996): 727–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199605000-00001.

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33

Hui, Katrina. "The Illusion of Post Hoc Autonomy." AJOB Neuroscience 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2013.824043.

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34

DiSesa, Verdi J. "Giving post hoc a good name." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 152, no. 1 (July 2016): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.037.

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35

Mullins, C. "Subgroup analysis versus post-hoc analysis." Clinical Therapeutics 23, no. 7 (July 2001): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2918(01)80091-6.

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36

Fogel, Joshua. "Post Hoc Power Analysis—Another View." Pharmacotherapy 21, no. 9 (September 2001): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.21.13.1150.34621.

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37

MARTENS, P. "Cola and dioxine: post hoc expertise." European Journal of Emergency Medicine 7, no. 2 (June 2000): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063110-200006000-00014.

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38

Carmichael, Zachariah, and Walter J. Scheirer. "Unfooling Perturbation-Based Post Hoc Explainers." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 6 (June 26, 2023): 6925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i6.25847.

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Monumental advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have lured the interest of doctors, lenders, judges, and other professionals. While these high-stakes decision-makers are optimistic about the technology, those familiar with AI systems are wary about the lack of transparency of its decision-making processes. Perturbation-based post hoc explainers offer a model agnostic means of interpreting these systems while only requiring query-level access. However, recent work demonstrates that these explainers can be fooled adversarially. This discovery has adverse implications for auditors, regulators, and other sentinels. With this in mind, several natural questions arise - how can we audit these black box systems? And how can we ascertain that the auditee is complying with the audit in good faith? In this work, we rigorously formalize this problem and devise a defense against adversarial attacks on perturbation-based explainers. We propose algorithms for the detection (CAD-Detect) and defense (CAD-Defend) of these attacks, which are aided by our novel conditional anomaly detection approach, KNN-CAD. We demonstrate that our approach successfully detects whether a black box system adversarially conceals its decision-making process and mitigates the adversarial attack on real-world data for the prevalent explainers, LIME and SHAP. The code for this work is available at https://github.com/craymichael/unfooling.

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39

DiMaio, J. Michael, Kyle A. McCullough, and R. Jay Widmer. "A Post Hoc Analysis of ISCHEMIA." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 83, no. 5 (February 2024): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.11.027.

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40

Baronti, Arianna, Francesco Gentile, Alice Chiara Manetti, Andrea Scatena, Silvia Pellegrini, Angela Pucci, Maria Franzini, et al. "Myocardial Infarction Following COVID-19 Vaccine Administration: Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc?" Viruses 14, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081644.

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Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the safest and most effective strategy for controlling the pandemic. However, some cases of acute cardiac events following vaccine administration have been reported, including myocarditis and myocardial infarction (MI). While post-vaccine myocarditis has been widely discussed, information about post-vaccine MI is scarce and heterogenous, often lacking in histopathological and pathophysiological details. We hereby present five cases (four men, mean age 64 years, range 50–76) of sudden death secondary to MI and tightly temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination. In each case, comprehensive macro- and microscopic pathological analyses were performed, including post-mortem cardiac magnetic resonance, to ascertain the cause of death. To investigate the pathophysiological determinants of MI, toxicological and tryptase analyses were performed, yielding negative results, while the absence of anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies ruled out vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Finally, genetic testing disclosed that all subjects were carriers of at least one pro-thrombotic mutation. Although the presented cases do not allow us to establish any causative relation, they should foster further research to investigate the possible link between COVID-19 vaccination, pro-thrombotic genotypes, and acute cardiovascular events.

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41

Brodtmann, A. "Vascular risk, depression, and stroke: Post hoc ergo propter hoc ... or not." Neurology 83, no. 19 (October 1, 2014): 1688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000000968.

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42

Hays, Fred H., and Bruce B. Morgan. "LOCAL MARKET EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL SERVICES DEREGULATION: POST HOC ERGO PROPTER HOC?" Policy Studies Journal 16, no. 1 (September 1987): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1987.tb00770.x.

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43

Retzlaff, Carl O., Alessa Angerschmid, Anna Saranti, David Schneeberger, Richard Röttger, Heimo Müller, and Andreas Holzinger. "Post-hoc vs ante-hoc explanations: xAI design guidelines for data scientists." Cognitive Systems Research 86 (August 2024): 101243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101243.

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44

Mahajan, Anjali. "Post hoc tests in analysis of variance." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 20, no. 2 (2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.197552.

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45

Seipp, Jendrik, Thomas Keller, and Malte Helmert. "Saturated Post-hoc Optimization for Classical Planning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 13 (May 18, 2021): 11947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i13.17419.

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Saturated cost partitioning and post-hoc optimization are two powerful cost partitioning algorithms for optimal classical planning. The main idea of saturated cost partitioning is to give each considered heuristic only the fraction of remaining operator costs that it needs to prove its estimates. We show how to apply this idea to post-hoc optimization and obtain a heuristic that dominates the original both in theory and on the IPC benchmarks.

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46

van der Valk, F. M., D. F. van Wijk, and E. S. G. Stroes. "Serendipity of post-hoc surrogate marker research." European Heart Journal 33, no. 23 (July 6, 2012): 2897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs183.

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47

Rosa, M. J., K. Friston, and W. Penny. "Post-hoc selection of dynamic causal models." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 208, no. 1 (June 2012): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.04.013.

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48

Kyrgidis, Athanassios, Thrasivoulos-George Tzellos, Anastasia Trigoni, and Stefanos Triaridis. "p16 post-hoc analyses and Simpson's paradox." Lancet Oncology 14, no. 11 (October 2013): e436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70392-9.

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49

Ramírez-Franco, Jorge, Beatris Alonso, David Bartolomé-Martín, José Sánchez-Prieto, and Magdalena Torres. "Studying synaptic efficiency by post-hoc immunolabelling." BMC Neuroscience 14, no. 1 (2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-14-127.

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50

Holm, Karyn, and Norma J. Christman. "Post hoc tests following analysis of variance." Research in Nursing & Health 8, no. 2 (June 1985): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770080215.

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